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Machado NS, Moreira WC, Freitas JFDS, Almeida AECCD, Moura WCD. Potency evaluation of rabies vaccine for human use: The impact of reducing the number of animals per dilution - Part 2. Biologicals 2020; 66:30-34. [PMID: 32448736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most critical parameter for the quality control of the rabies vaccine is potency, which is evaluated by challenge test in mice while using a large animal number. Because the 3Rs concept is applied worldwide, it becomes necessary to develop alternative methods to demonstrate the production consistency of these vaccines and reduce the number of animals used for performing assays. Hence, the present study evaluated the impacts of reducing the number of mice used in the NIH test for such vaccines. A retrospective data analysis compared vaccines tested in the standard test with the results of the reduced test using only the first cages of each dilution and considering the second cages as their replicates. The relevance of the reduced assay was evaluated using Bland- Altman plot and CCC. Reliability was assessed by CV% and confidence intervals, while the impact of the reduced mouse number was evaluated by the analysis of the confidence interval of potency results and regression, linearity and parallelism parameters. The results demonstrated the feasibility of reducing to eight mice per dilution in routine assays, with complete statistical validation of the resulting potency, allowing the number of animals used for the test vaccines to be reduced by 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia S Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS) - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP: 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Wildeberg C Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS) - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP: 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica F de S Freitas
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS) - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP: 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Eugenio C C de Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS) - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP: 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Wlamir Correa de Moura
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS) - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP: 21040-900, Brazil.
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Sun S, Gao F, Mao Q, Shao J, Jiang L, Liu D, Wang Y, Yao X, Wu X, Sun B, Zhao D, Ma Y, Lu J, Kong W, Jiang C, Liang Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an EV71 virus-like particle vaccine against lethal challenge in newborn mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2406-13. [PMID: 26036916 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1053675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71(EV71) has caused severe epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in the Asia Pacific in recent years, particularly in infants and pre-school children. It has become a serious public health threat, as currently there are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for EV71 infection. Many EV71 vaccines have been under development worldwide, however the main focus is inactivated EV71 vaccines. For example, the inactivated EV71 vaccine has recently finished phase III clinical trial in Mainland China. There have been very few studies on EV71 virus like particles (VLPs). In this study, the immunogenicity and protective potency of the EV71 VLPs produced in insect cells were evaluated in mice with different dosages. Our results showed that EV71 VLPs could elicit high titers of neutralizing antibodies (NTAbs) in a dose-dependent manner and NTAbs were sustained after the second injection with an average GMT (geometric mean titer) level from 19 to 2960 in immunized mice. Survival rates were 100%, 100%, 85%, and 40% after challenge with 15 LD50 (median lethal dose) of EV71 in these newborn mice, respectively. ED50 (50% effective dose) of VLPs was 0.20 μg/dose in newborn mice, while NTAb titer under this dosage was about 50. Passive protection was determined with 2 methods and demonstrated that the survival rates were positively correlated with NTAb titers, which at 24 and 54 induced 50% survival rates in experimental animals. The ED50 of VLP vaccines and the passive NTAb titers were also analyzed. The maternal NTAb titer was similar as the passive NTAb titer in the mouse model challenged with our lethal mouse EV71 strain. Hence, our work has provided preliminary data on the protection potency of VLPs as a vaccine candidate and would facilitate future VLP vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Sun
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Fan Gao
- c National Institutes for Food and Drug Control ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Qunying Mao
- c National Institutes for Food and Drug Control ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Jie Shao
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Dawei Liu
- d Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co. ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Yiping Wang
- c National Institutes for Food and Drug Control ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Xin Yao
- c National Institutes for Food and Drug Control ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Xing Wu
- c National Institutes for Food and Drug Control ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Bo Sun
- d Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co. ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Youlei Ma
- d Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co. ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Jingcai Lu
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Wei Kong
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,e Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering; The Ministry of Education; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- a School of Life Sciences; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China.,e Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering; The Ministry of Education; Jilin University ; Changchun , PR China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- c National Institutes for Food and Drug Control ; Beijing , PR China
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Sigoillot-Claude C, Battaglio M, Fiorucci M, Gillet D, Vimort AS, Giraud Y, Laurent S, Vaganay A, Poulet H. A versatile in vitro ELISA test for quantification and quality testing of infectious, inactivated and formulated rabies virus used in veterinary monovalent or combination vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:3843-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cardoso C, de Almeida A. Laboratory animal: biological reagent or living being? Braz J Med Biol Res 2014; 47:19-23. [PMID: 24345873 PMCID: PMC3932969 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The duties of humans toward non-human animals and their rights in society have been debated for a long time. However, a discussion on the terminology used for the identification of laboratory animals is usually not considered, although the employment of inadequate terminology may generate disastrous consequences for the animals before, during, and after the experiment. This study intends to defend the use of appropriate terminology, call attention to an unethical attitude of certain professionals when dealing with experimental animals, and also propose operational mechanisms, which allow for those distortions to be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.V.P. Cardoso
- Assistência Técnica de Ensino, Centro de Criação de Animais de
Laboratório, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária, Instituto
Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brasil
| | - A.E.C.C. de Almeida
- Departamento de Microbiologia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária, Instituto
Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brasil
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Lewis C, Reising M, Fry A, Conrad S, Siev D, Gatewood D, Hermann J. Evaluation of a non-invasive, inhalational challenge method for rabies vaccine potency assay. J Virol Methods 2013; 190:49-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stokes WS, Kulpa-Eddy J, McFarland R. The International Workshop on Alternative Methods to Reduce, Refine, and Replace the Use of Animals in Vaccine Potency and Safety Testing: introduction and summary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Stokes WS, Brown K, Kulpa-Eddy J, Srinivas G, Halder M, Draayer H, Galvin J, Claassen I, Gifford G, Woodland R, Doelling V, Jones B. Improving animal welfare and reducing animal use for veterinary vaccine potency testing: state of the science and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Casey W, Schmitt M, McFarland R, Isbrucker R, Levis R, Arciniega J, Descamps J, Finn T, Hendriksen C, Horiuchi Y, Keller J, Kojima H, Sesardic D, Stickings P, Johnson NW, Lipscomb E, Allen D. Improving animal welfare and reducing animal use for human vaccine potency testing: state of the science and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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