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Pauly MD, Ganova-Raeva L. Point-of-Care Testing for Hepatitis Viruses: A Growing Need. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2271. [PMID: 38137872 PMCID: PMC10744957 DOI: 10.3390/life13122271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a major global public health problem. These viruses cause millions of infections each year, and chronic infections with HBV, HCV, or HDV can lead to severe liver complications; however, they are underdiagnosed. Achieving the World Health Organization's viral hepatitis elimination goals by 2030 will require access to simpler, faster, and less expensive diagnostics. The development and implementation of point-of-care (POC) testing methods that can be performed outside of a laboratory for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis infections is a promising approach to facilitate and expedite WHO's elimination targets. While a few markers of viral hepatitis are already available in POC formats, tests for additional markers or using novel technologies need to be developed and validated for clinical use. Potential methods and uses for the POC testing of antibodies, antigens, and nucleic acids that relate to the diagnosis, monitoring, or surveillance of viral hepatitis infections are discussed here. Unmet needs and areas where additional research is needed are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilia Ganova-Raeva
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
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Developments in the HCV Screening Technologies Based on the Detection of Antigens and Antibodies. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194257. [PMID: 31575036 PMCID: PMC6806196 DOI: 10.3390/s19194257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for 15%-20% of cases of acute infection, and chronic HCV infection is developed in about 50%-80% of HCV patients. Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper medical care, difficulty in screening for HCV infection, and lack of awareness resulted in chronic HCV infection in 71 million people on a global scale, and about 399,000 deaths in 2016. It is crucial to recognize that the effective use of antiviral medicines can cure more than 95% of HCV infected people. The Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) aim is to reduce the new HCV infections and the HCV associated mortality by 90% and 65%, respectively. Therefore, the methods that are simple, yet powerful enough to detect HCV infections with high sensitivity, specificity, and a shorter window period are crucial to restrain the global burden of HCV healthcare. This article focuses on the technologies used for the detection of HCV in clinical specimens.
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Çam D, Öktem HA. Development of rapid dipstick assay for food pathogens, Salmonella, by optimized parameters. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:140-148. [PMID: 30728555 PMCID: PMC6342776 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is among the very important pathogens threating the human and animal health. Rapid and easy detection of these pathogens is crucial. In this context, antibody (Ab) based lateral flow assays (LFAs) which are simple immunochromatographic point of care test kits were developed by gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as labelling agent for Salmonella detection. For that purpose some critical parameters such as reagent concentrations on the capture zones, conjugate concentrations and ideal membrane type needed for LFAs for whole cell detection were tested for naked eye analysis. Therefore, prepared LFAs were applied to the live and heat inactivated cells when they were used alone or included in different bacterial mixtures. Among the test platforms, membrane 180 (M180) was found as an ideal membrane and 36 nm GNPs showed highly good labelling in the developed LFAs. Diluted conjugates and low concentrations of reagents affected the test signal negatively. Salmonella was detected in different bacterial mixtures, selectively in 4-5 min. The best recognized species by used Ab were S. enteritidis and S. infantis. 5 × 105 S. typhimurium cells were also determined as a limit of detection of this study with mentioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18100 Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avni Öktem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- NANOBIZ TECHNOLOGY INC., Gallium Block No: 27/218, METU Technopolis, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Çam D, Öktem HA. Optimizations needed for lateral flow assay for rapid detection of pathogenic E. coli. Turk J Biol 2017; 41:954-968. [PMID: 30814860 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1705-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow assay (LFA), or the immunochromatographic strip test, is popular to use for rapid and sensitive immunoassays. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), due to tunable optical characteristics and easy manipulation of size or shape, represent an attractive approach for LFA technology. Since most enterohemorrhagic infections result from water and food contaminations of Escherichia coli O157:H7, selective and rapid detection of this organism in environmental and biological complexes is necessary. In this study, optimized parameters of antibody (Ab)-based LFA for rapid detection of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 are described. GNPs were used as visualizing agents. The measuring parameters include the Ab concentration on the capture lines, the concentration of gold conjugate, and flow rate. M180 and 36 nm were the ideal membrane and GNP size, respectively, for bacterial detection of LFA. The target, E. coli O157:H7, could be detected with a visual limit of detection of 105 cfu/mL in 3-5 min. Selectivity of the system was very high and the target was recognized by developed strips, regardless of its presence singly or in mixed bacterial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,Department of Biology, Çankırı Karatekin University , Çankırı , Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avni Öktem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,Nanobiz R & D Ltd. , METU Science Park, Ankara , Turkey
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Cao Z, Wang H, Wang L, Li L, Jin H, Xu C, Feng N, Wang J, Li Q, Zhao Y, Wang T, Gao Y, Lu Y, Yang S, Xia X. Visual Detection of West Nile Virus Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Vertical Flow Visualization Strip. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:554. [PMID: 27148234 PMCID: PMC4837158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) causes a severe zoonosis, which can lead to a large number of casualties and considerable economic losses. A rapid and accurate identification method for WNV for use in field laboratories is urgently needed. Here, a method utilizing reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a vertical flow visualization strip (RT-LAMP-VF) was developed to detect the envelope (E) gene of WNV. The RT-LAMP-VF assay could detect 102 copies/μl of an WNV RNA standard using a 40 min amplification reaction followed by a 2 min incubation of the amplification product on the visualization strip, and no cross-reaction with other closely related members of the Flavivirus genus was observed. The assay was further evaluated using cells and mouse brain tissues infected with a recombinant rabies virus expressing the E protein of WNV. The assay produced sensitivities of 101.5 TCID50/ml and 101.33 TCID50/ml for detection of the recombinant virus in the cells and brain tissues, respectively. Overall, the RT-LAMP-VF assay developed in this study is rapid, simple and effective, and it is therefore suitable for clinical application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Changchun SR Biological Technology Co., Ltd., ChangchunChina
| | - Changping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency Detection for Public Health of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency Detection for Public Health of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
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Chen W, Jin Y, Liu A, Wang X, Chen F. Rapid detection of ochratoxin A on membrane by dot immunogold filtration assay. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:610-614. [PMID: 25678129 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ochratoxin A (OTA), a widely distributed mycotoxin produced by certain species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, has been identified as a carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, nephrotoxic and immunotoxic toxin. To reduce the risk of OTA contamination, a rapid, inexpensive, suitable and on-site assay for its detection is required. RESULTS In this study a dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) of OTA on high-flow nitrocellulose membrane was developed. Firstly colloidal gold was synthesized and colloidal gold-polyclonal antibody (PcAb) conjugates against OTA were prepared at the optimal colloidal gold-labeled pH value and package amount. Then the colloidal gold-PcAb conjugates were used to develop the OTA DIGFA. The results demonstrated a visual detection limit of approximately 10 ng mL(-1) OTA. In addition, this method had no cross-reaction with zearalenone, aflatoxin B1 or citrinin. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the developed DIGFA could be applied for the actual detection of samples without complicated steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yucui Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-microbiology of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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Hagen RM, Wulff B, Loderstaedt U, Fengler I, Frickmann H, Schwarz NG, Polywka S. Is rapid hepatitis C virus testing from corpses a screening option for index persons who have died after mass-casualty incidents in high-prevalence settings in the field? J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 160:226-31. [PMID: 24113204 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested a commercially available rapid hepatitis C virus (HCV) test assay for its potential use for analyses of corpses as a screening option for index persons who have died after mass-casualty incidents in high-prevalence settings in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 blood samples were drawn from 16 recently deceased confirmed HCV-positive patients whose corpses were stored at 4°C in the mortuary and were analysed at admission and up to 48 h post mortem by rapid serological testing using the ImmunoFlow HCV test (Core Diagnostics, Birmingham, UK) in comparison with automated serological assays and PCR. Samples from 50 HCV-negative corpses were also analysed. RESULTS The blood of only four of the 16 HCV-positive corpses reacted clearly with the ImmunoFlow HCV test, while in five cases the result was only weakly reactive and three cases showed very weak reactivity. Four of the infected corpses showed initially negative results, three of which became very weakly reactive 48 h post mortem. 49 out of 50 samples (98%) from HCV-negative corpses tested negative. DISCUSSION The rapid test system we investigated showed insufficient sensitivity regarding the identification of HCV positivity. Automated serological testing or PCR should be preferred if it is realistically available in the deployed military setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf M Hagen
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard, Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Wulff
- Institue for Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Loderstaedt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I Fengler
- Laboratory Department 1, Central Institute of the German Armed Forces Medical Services, Koblenz, Germany
| | - H Frickmann
- Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard, Nocht Institute, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - N G Schwarz
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Polywka
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang C, Zhang L, Shen X. Development of a nucleic acid lateral flow strip for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 32:59-68. [PMID: 23448141 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.763976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The object of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, specific, and highly sensitive method to detect HCV core antigen. A nucleic acid aptamer was designed with the high specificity and sensitivity in a nucleic acid lateral flow strip to compete with HCV core antigen and DNA probes. The lower detection limit of the test strip was calculated to be 10 pg/mL with the scanner and 100 pg/mL with naked eyes. Results showed that there were no cross-interactions with other proteins such as HCV NS3, E1/E2 antigens, HIV p24 antigens, or BSA proteins (HCV unrelated protein). When the viral load exceeded 10(4) copies/mL, the positive coincidence rates of ELISA and strip detection, when compared with the HCV RNA assay, were 98.44% and 97.28%, respectively. The results indicated that the ELISA detection and strip assay were in good agreement with the measured value. The results indicated that a nucleic acid lateral flow strip was a simple, rapid, specific, highly sensitive, and cost-effective field-based method for detecting HCV core antigen. The strip assay is an acceptable alternative to diagnose HCV core antigen and to investigate its epidemiology in clinical laboratories lacking specialized equipment and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Wang
- Digestive System Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) infection has caused huge economic losses, but no serological method is available for batch detection of field samples. The aim of the study was to develop a method for large-batch detection of PEDV infection. Colloidal gold-labeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was sprayed on glass fibers to prepare a conjugate pad. The recombinant N protein of PEDV was blotted on the test line of the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, and pig IgG was streaked on the control line of the NC membrane. The immunochromatographic strip was used for detection of antibodies against PEDV. The results showed that the strip test was simple and the results could be determined within 10 min with naked eyes. The test strip was highly specific for pig serum against PEDV and no cross-reaction was observed. The test strip had close similarity with ELISA. Storage at room temperature for 6 months did not affect the specificity and sensitivity obviously. A total of 320 clinical pig sera were detected by both ELISA and the developed test strip, and the coincidence was 96.3 %. Therefore, the developed immunochromatographic strip is specific, sensitive, stable, fast and simple, and it is suitable for on-site detection of antibodies against PEDV.
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10
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Label-free sandwich type of immunosensor for hepatitis C virus core antigen based on the use of gold nanoparticles on a nanostructured metal oxide surface. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shi H, Xie L, Shi H, Yan L, Duan Z. Characterization and application of monoclonal antibody against hepatitis C virus nonstructual protein three. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:54-9. [PMID: 22316486 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing assays for detecting HCV antigens could be beneficial because viral proteins appear earlier than antibodies and are more stable than RNA in the serum. Monoclonal antibody was prepared by immunization and cell fusion. Subclass, specificity, and efficiency of monoclonal antibodies were determined by ELISA. Epitope specificity of monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by ELISA additivity test. HCV antigen in serum of hepatitis patients was examined by double monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA. Five hybridoma cell lines were screened and named HCV(1), HCV(2), HCV(3), HCV(4), and HCV(5). These five monoclonal antibodies had high specificity and efficiency. The additivity test showed that HCV(2), HCV(4), and HCV(5) recognized different epitopes, which can be matched in ELISA. Of 173 anti-HCV positive patients, 37 (21.4%) were positive for HCV antigen. Of 1498 anti-HCV negative patients, 10 (0.67%) were positive for HCV antigen. Fifty normal controls were negative for HCV antigen. HCV antigen detection had moderate agreement and correlation with HCV RNA detection (kappa=0.577, p<0.01; r=0.59, p<0.01). This result indicates that the monoclonal antibody against HCV NS(3) may be a potential diagnostic reagent, which would provide a foundation for developing a sandwich ELISA of HCV antigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Centre, Beijing Youan Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen CH, Yang KL. Liquid crystal-based immunoassays for detecting hepatitis B antibody. Anal Biochem 2011; 421:321-3. [PMID: 22178912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional immunoassays are often fluorescence- or enzyme-based and require additional readout systems. Here, we report a liquid crystal (LC)-based immunoassay that features a new signal transduction mechanism, whereby the test results appear as colorful spots and can be viewed with the naked eye directly. By using the different colors of LC spots, we can estimate the range of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen concentrations between 300 and 15 nM. Because additional labeling process and readout systems are not required in this immunoassay, it is more suitable for point-of-care diagnosis of hepatitis B in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Thiruppathiraja C, Saroja V, Kamatchiammal S, Adaikkappan P, Alagar M. Development of electrochemical based sandwich enzyme linked immunosensor for Cryptosporidium parvum detection in drinking water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2782-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10372e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang H, Feng N, Yang S, Wang C, Wang T, Gao Y, Su J, Zheng X, Hou X, Huang H, Yang R, Zou X, Huang G, Xia X. A rapid immunochromatographic test strip for detecting rabies virus antibody. J Virol Methods 2010; 170:80-5. [PMID: 20837065 PMCID: PMC7112791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) for detecting antibodies to rabies virus was developed, using colloidal gold particles labeled with rabies virus glycoprotein as the tracer. The assay was evaluated using sera from dogs immunized with various commercial rabies vaccines, or from dogs in the clinics and sera from dogs immunized with vaccines against pathogens other than rabies virus, and negative sera from a wide variety of animal sources, including dogs, mice, and cats which had never been vaccinated. The ICTS was found to be highly specific for antibodies against rabies virus, with a detection limit of 0.5IU/ml as measured by the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test. Compared with the FAVN test, the specificity and sensitivity of ICTS were 98.2% and 90.4%, respectively. There was an excellent agreement between results obtained by the ICTS and FAVN tests (kappa=0.888). Strips stored at 4°C in a plastic bag with a desiccant retained their specificity and sensitivity for at least 15 months, and strips stored at ambient temperature remained stable for 12 months. The immunochromatographic test strip may therefore be useful for clinical laboratories lacking specialized equipment and for diagnosis in the field for rapid detection of rabies virus-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Na Feng
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 431 86985517; fax: +86 431 86758799.
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jianqing Su
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Hainan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Ruimei Yang
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zou
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Geng Huang
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Military Institute of Veterinary Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1068 Qinglong Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 431 86985808; fax: +86 431 86758799.
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Focke M, Kosse D, Müller C, Reinecke H, Zengerle R, von Stetten F. Lab-on-a-Foil: microfluidics on thin and flexible films. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1365-86. [PMID: 20369211 DOI: 10.1039/c001195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This critical review is motivated by an increasing interest of the microfluidics community in developing complete Lab-on-a-Chip solutions based on thin and flexible films (Lab-on-a-Foil). Those implementations benefit from a broad range of fabrication methods that are partly adopted from well-established macroscale processes or are completely new and promising. In addition, thin and flexible foils enable various features like low thermal resistance for efficient thermocycling or integration of easily deformable chambers paving the way for new means of on-chip reagent storage or fluid transport. From an economical perspective, Lab-on-a-Foil systems are characterised by low material consumption and often low-cost materials which are attractive for cost-effective high-volume fabrication of self-contained disposable chips. The first part of this review focuses on available materials, fabrication processes and approaches for integration of microfluidic functions including liquid control and transport as well as storage and release of reagents. In the second part, an analysis of the state of Lab-on-a-Foil applications is provided with a special focus on nucleic acid analysis, immunoassays, cell-based assays and home care testing. We conclude that the Lab-on-a-Foil approach is very versatile and significantly expands the toolbox for the development of Lab-on-a-Chip solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Focke
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Arya SC, Agarwal N. Re: Hepatitis A and E: Update on prevention and epidemiology. Vaccine 2009; 28:2062. [PMID: 20044057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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