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Donadel M, Scobie HM, Pastore R, Grabovac V, Batmunkh N, O’Connor S, Dahl BA, Murrill CS. Comprehensive Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance in the Western Pacific Region: A Literature Review on Integration of Surveillance Functions, 2000-2021. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:GHSP-D-22-00017. [PMID: 36316133 PMCID: PMC9622275 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A strategic framework for 2021-2030 developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for the Western Pacific emphasizes the need for high-quality and integrated vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance. We conducted a literature review to document the barriers, enabling factors, and innovations for integrating surveillance functions for VPDs and other communicable diseases in Western Pacific Region (WPR) countries. METHODS We searched published and gray literature on integrated VPD surveillance from 2000 to 2021. Articles in English, Spanish, or French were screened to identify those relating to VPD surveillance in a WPR country and not meeting defined exclusion criteria. We categorized articles using the 8 WHO surveillance support functions and abstracted data on the country; type of surveillance; and reported barriers, enabling factors, and best practices for integration. RESULTS Of the 3,137 references screened, 87 met the eligibility criteria. Of the 8 surveillance support functions, the proportion of references that reported integration related to the laboratory was 56%, followed by workforce capacity (54%), governance (51%), data management and use (47%), field logistics and communication (47%), coordination (15%), program management (13%), and supervision (9%). Several references noted fragmented systems and a lack of coordination between units as barriers to integration, highlighting the importance of engagement across public health units and between the public and private sectors. The literature also indicated a need for interoperable information systems and revealed the use of promising new technologies for data reporting and laboratory testing. In some WPR countries, workforce capacity was strengthened at all administrative levels by the implementation of integrated trainings on data monitoring and use and on laboratory techniques applicable to multiple VPDs. CONCLUSION This literature review supports integrating VPDs into broader communicable disease surveillance systems in WPR countries while ensuring that the minimal WHO-recommended standards for VPD surveillance are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Donadel
- Global Immunization Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Correspondence to Morgane Donadel ()
| | - Heather M. Scobie
- Global Immunization Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roberta Pastore
- World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Varja Grabovac
- World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Nyambat Batmunkh
- World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Stephanie O’Connor
- Global Immunization Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Dahl
- Global Immunization Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Murrill
- Global Immunization Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Viruses, which are the most abundant biological entities on the planet, have been regarded as the "dark matter" of biology in the sense that despite their ubiquity and frequent presence in large numbers, their detection and analysis are not always straightforward. The majority of them are very small (falling under the limit of 0.5 μm), and collectively, they are extraordinarily diverse. In fact, the majority of the genetic diversity on the planet is found in the so-called virosphere, or the world of viruses. Furthermore, the most frequent viral agents of disease in humans display an RNA genome, and frequently evolve very fast, due to the fact that most of their polymerases are devoid of proofreading activity. Therefore, their detection, genetic characterization, and epidemiological surveillance are rather challenging. This review (part of the Curated Collection on Advances in Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases) describes many of the methods that, throughout the last few decades, have been used for viral detection and analysis. Despite the challenge of having to deal with high genetic diversity, the majority of these methods still depend on the amplification of viral genomic sequences, using sequence-specific or sequence-independent approaches, exploring thermal profiles or a single nucleic acid amplification temperature. Furthermore, viral populations, and especially those with RNA genomes, are not usually genetically uniform but encompass swarms of genetically related, though distinct, viral genomes known as viral quasispecies. Therefore, sequence analysis of viral amplicons needs to take this fact into consideration, as it constitutes a potential analytic problem. Possible technical approaches to deal with it are also described here. *This article is part of a curated collection.
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3
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Scudder CJ, Mirczuk SM, Richardson KM, Crossley VJ, Regan JTC, Gostelow R, Forcada Y, Hazuchova K, Harrington N, McGonnell IM, Church DB, Kenny PJ, Korbonits M, Fowkes RC, Niessen SJM. Pituitary Pathology and Gene Expression in Acromegalic Cats. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:181-200. [PMID: 30620005 PMCID: PMC6316999 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of GH-secreting pituitary tumors in domestic cats (Felis catus) is 10-fold greater than in humans. The predominant inhibitory receptors of GH-secreting pituitary tumors are somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2). The expression of these receptors is associated with the response to somatostatin analog and dopamine agonist treatment in human patients with acromegaly. The aim of this study was to describe pathological features of pituitaries from domestic cats with acromegaly, pituitary receptor expression, and investigate correlates with clinical data, including pituitary volume, time since diagnosis of diabetes, insulin requirement, and serum IGF1 concentration. Loss of reticulin structure was identified in 15 of 21 pituitaries, of which 10 of 15 exhibited acinar hyperplasia. SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR5, and DRD2 mRNA were identified in the feline pituitary whereas SSTR3 and SSTR4 were not. Expression of SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 was greater in acromegalic cats compared with controls. A negative correlation was identified between DRD2 mRNA expression and pituitary volume. The loss of DRD2 expression should be investigated as a mechanism allowing the development of larger pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Scudder
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha M Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M Richardson
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Crossley
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob T C Regan
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Gostelow
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Yaiza Forcada
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Hazuchova
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Norelene Harrington
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - David B Church
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Kenny
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- SASH Vets, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Fowkes
- Endocrine Signaling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stijn J M Niessen
- Diabetic Remission Clinic, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
- The Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
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Li X, Chen B, Zhang S, Li X, Chang J, Tang Y, Wu Y, Lu X. Rapid Detection of Respiratory Pathogens for Community-Acquired Pneumonia by Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Multiplex PCR. SLAS Technol 2018; 24:105-116. [PMID: 30048599 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318787452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infectious disease linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Fast and accurate identification of the pathogens responsible for CAP will aid in diagnosis. We established a capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR (CEMP) panel to enable the detection of viral and bacterial pathogens associated with CAP. The assay simultaneously detects and identifies the 13 common unculturable CAP viral and bacterial pathogens within 4 h. We evaluated the performance of a commercially available panel with 314 samples collected from CAP patients. We compared the results to those obtained with the liquid chip-based Luminex xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel (RVP) Fast Kit (for viruses) and the agarose gel-based Seegene PneumoBacter ACE Detection Kit (for atypical bacteria). All positive samples were further verified by the Sanger sequencing method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CEMP were 97.31%, 100%, 100%, and 99.85%, respectively. CEMP provides a rapid and accurate method for the high-throughput detection of pathogens in patients with CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 College of Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- 3 Ningbo HEALTH Gene Technologies Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Shaoya Zhang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 College of Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Chang
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 College of Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wu
- 3 Ningbo HEALTH Gene Technologies Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 College of Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao MC, Li GX, Zhang D, Zhou HY, Wang H, Yang S, Wang L, Feng ZS, Ma XJ. Clinical evaluation of a new single-tube multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 11 respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:115-119. [PMID: 28365060 PMCID: PMC7132751 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory Pathogen 13 Detection Kit (13× kit) is able to simultaneously detect 11 respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia in a single reaction. Using 572 Nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from hospitalized children, the clinical performance of 13× kit for detecting 11 respiratory viruses was evaluated in comparison with a routinely used 2-tube multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay (2-tube assay) at provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China. The clinical performance of 13× kit for detecting MP and Chlamydia was evaluated by commercial real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) kits or sequencing. For tested viruses, the assay concordance was 95.98% and the kappa coefficient was 0.89. All the MP and Chlamydia positive samples detected by 13× kit were confirmed as true positives. The utilization of the 13× kit in clinical settings will be helpful for doctors to assess clinical outcome according to virus type or multiple infections, and to limit the use of antibiotics. A 13× kit allowed for simultaneous detection of 11 respiratory viruses, MP and Ch. The detection rate of 13× kit was comparable to that of 2-tube assay (kappa >0.75). A 13× kit has high sensitivity (97.41%) and specificity (91.89%). MP and Chlamydia detected by 13× kit were verified by qPCR/sequencing as true positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Zhao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206,China.
| | - Gui-Xia Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206,China.
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206,China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206,China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Shan Feng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206,China.
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Development of a GeXP-multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of six cattle viruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171287. [PMID: 28166243 PMCID: PMC5293189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Bluetongue virus (BTV), Vesicular stomatitis Virus (VSV), Bovine viral diarrheal (BVDV), Bovine rotavirus (BRV), and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (IBRV) are common cattle infectious viruses that cause a great economic loss every year in many parts of the world. A rapid and high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of these six cattle viruses. Six pairs of chimeric primers consisting of both the gene-specific primer and a universal primer were designed and used for amplification. Then capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the fluorescent labeled PCR products according to the amplicons size. The specificity of GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was examined with samples of the single template and mixed template of six viruses. The sensitivity was evaluated using the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of ssRNAs obtained via in vitro transcription. To further evaluate the reliability, 305 clinical samples were tested by the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay. The results showed that the corresponding virus specific fragments of genes were amplified. The detection limit of the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was 100 copies/μL in a mixed sample of ssRNAs containing target genes of six different cattle viruses, whereas the detection limit for the Gexp-mono PCR assay for a single target gene was 10 copies/μL. In detection of viruses in 305 clinical samples, the results of GeXP were consistent with simplex real-time PCR. Analysis of positive samples by sequencing demonstrated that the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay had no false positive samples of nonspecific amplification. In conclusion, this GeXP-multiplex PCR assay is a high throughput, specific, sensitive, rapid and simple method for the detection and differentiation of six cattle viruses. It is an effective tool that can be applied for the rapid differential diagnosis of clinical samples and for epidemiological investigation.
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Li M, Xie Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Xie L, Deng X, Luo S, Fan Q, Huang L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Zeng T, Feng J. Simultaneous detection of four different neuraminidase types of avian influenza A H5 viruses by multiplex reverse transcription PCR using a GeXP analyser. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:141-9. [PMID: 26677838 PMCID: PMC4746555 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In order to develop a multiplex RT‐PCR assay using the GeXP analyser for the simultaneous detection of four different NA serotypes of H5‐subtype AIVs, effective to control and reduce H5 subtype of avian influenza outbreak. Design Six pairs of primers were designed using conserved and specific sequences of the AIV subtypes H5, N1, N2, N6 and N8 in GenBank. Each gene‐specific primer was fused at the 5′ end to a universal sequence to generate six pairs of chimeric primers, and one pair of universal primers was used for RT‐PCR, and PCR product separation and detection were performed by capillary electrophoresis using the GenomeLab GeXP genetic analysis system. Setting Single and mixed avian pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were employed to evaluate the specificity of a multiplex assay with a GeXP analyser. Corresponding specific DNA products were amplified for each gene, revealing amplification peaks for M, H5, N1, N2, N6 and N8 genes from four different NA subtypes of influenza A H5 virus. Sample A total of 180 cloacal swabs were collected from poultry at live bird markets. Main outcome measures The multiplex PCR assay demonstrated excellent specificity, with each pair of specific primers generating only products corresponding to the target genes and without cross‐amplification with other NA‐subtype influenza viruses or other avian pathogens. Using various premixed ssRNAs containing known AIV target genes, the detection limit for the multiplex assay was determined to be 102 copies/μl. The GeXP assay was further evaluated using 180 clinical specimens and compared with RRT‐PCR (real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR) and virus isolation. Conclusions This GeXP analyser‐based multiplex assay for four different NA subtypes of H5 HPAI viruses is both highly specific and sensitive and can be used as a rapid and direct diagnostic assay for testing clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaxun Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresources Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Zeng T, Xie Z, Xie L, Deng X, Xie Z, Luo S, Huang L, Huang J. Simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses using a GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay. Virol J 2015; 12:226. [PMID: 26715327 PMCID: PMC4696179 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive viruses are frequently found as co-infections in the chicken industry, potentially causing serious economic losses. Because traditional molecular biology methods have limited detection ability, a rapid, high-throughput method for the differential diagnosis of these viruses is needed. The objective of this study is to develop a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler Analyser-based multiplex PCR method (GeXP-multiplex PCR) for simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses. RESULTS Using chimeric primers, eight such viruses, including Marek's disease virus (MDV), three subgroups of avian leucosis virus (ALV-A/B/J), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and avian reovirus (ARV), were amplified and identified by their respective amplicon sizes. The specificity and sensitivity of the optimised GeXP-multiplex PCR assay were evaluated, and the data demonstrated that this technique could selectively amplify these eight viruses at a sensitivity of 100 copies/20 μl when all eight viruses were present. Among 300 examined clinical specimens, 190 were found to be positive for immunosuppressive viruses according to this novel assay. CONCLUSION The GeXP-multiplex PCR assay is a high-throughput, sensitive and specific method for the detection of eight immunosuppressive viruses and can be used for differential diagnosis and molecular epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China.
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
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9
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Zhang YF, Xie ZX, Xie LJ, Deng XW, Xie ZQ, Luo SS, Huang L, Huang JL, Zeng TT. GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse-transcription PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eleven duck viruses. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:247. [PMID: 26518004 PMCID: PMC4628294 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duck viral pathogens primarily include the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5, H7, and H9; duck hepatitis virus (DHV); duck tembusu virus (DTMUV); egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV); duck enteritis virus (DEV); Newcastle disease virus (NDV); duck circovirus (DuCV); muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV); and muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV). These pathogens cause great economic losses to China’s duck breeding industry. Result A rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput GeXP-based multiplex PCR assay consisting of chimeric primer-based PCR amplification with fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis separation was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect these eleven viral pathogens. Single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. Corresponding specific DNA products were amplified from each pathogen. Other pathogens, including duck Escherichia coli, duck Salmonella, duck Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, infectious bronchitis virus, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum, did not result in amplification products. The detection limit of GeXP was 103copies when all twelve pre-mixed plasmids containing the target genes of eleven types of duck viruses were present. To further evaluate the reliability of GeXP, 150 clinical field samples were evaluated. Comparison with the results of conventional PCR methods for the field samples, the GeXP-multiplex PCR method was more sensitive and accurate. Conclusion This GeXP-based multiplex PCR method can be utilized for the rapid differential diagnosis of clinical samples as an effective tool to prevent and control duck viruses with similar clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Zhi-Xun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Li-Ji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Xian-Wen Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Zhi-Qin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Si-Si Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Jiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Ostlund EN, Jun Y, Nie FP, Li YG, Johnson DJ, Lin R, Li ZG. Combining reverse-transcription multiplex PCR and microfluidic electrophoresis to simultaneously detect seven mosquito-transmitted zoonotic encephalomyelitis viruses. Vet J 2015; 212:27-35. [PMID: 27256022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mosquito-transmitted viruses are causative agents for zoonotic encephalomyelitis. Rapid identification of these viruses in mosquito populations is an effective method for surveying these diseases. To detect multiple mosquito-transmitted viral agents, including West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Highlands J virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, an assay using multiplex reverse-transcription PCR combined with microfluidic electrophoresis was developed and evaluated. Tailed nested primers were used in the assay to amplify specific viral genomic segments, and products with specific length were further analyzed by using a microfluidic electrophoresis chip. The assay exhibited good specificity and analytical sensitivity (10(2) copies/µL). This technology can be helpful in the quarantine and surveillance of exotic encephalomyelitis viruses which are transmitted by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Yang Jun
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Fu-Ping Nie
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Ying-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Donna J Johnson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Zhou L, Zhao F, Hu B, Fang Y, Miao Y, Huang Y, Ji D, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Zhao H. A Creative Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis Scheme Based on Multiple Genetic Analysis System: Qualification and Quantitation. Helicobacter 2015; 20:343-52. [PMID: 25640660 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, several diagnostic assays for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are available, but each has some limitations. Further, a high-flux quantitative assay is required to assist clinical diagnosis and monitor the effectiveness of therapy and novel vaccine candidates. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-seven adult patients [nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) 295, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) 77, gastric cancer (GC) 15] were enrolled for gastrointestinal endoscopies. Three biopsy samples from gastric antrum were collected for the following tests: culture, rapid urease test (RUT), histopathology, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Multiple Genetic Analysis System (MGAS). The diagnostic capability of H. pylori for all methods was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Based on the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MGAS were 92.9 and 92.4%, and positive predict value (PPV) and negative predict value (NPV) were 96.0 and 87.1%, respectively. All the above parameters of MGAS were higher than that of culture (except its specificity), RUT and histopathology, and nearly closed to that of conventional PCR. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.7575 (Culture), 0.8870 (RUT), 0.9000 (Histopathology), 0.9496 (Conventional PCR), and 0.9277 (MGAS). No significant statistical difference was observed for the H. pylori DNA load in different disease groups (p = .067). In contrast, a statistically significant difference in the H. pylori DNA copy number was observed based on age (p = .043) and gender (p = .021). CONCLUSIONS The data showed that MGAS performed well in detecting H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis showed that the load of H. pylori was significantly different within both age and gender groups. These results suggested that MGAS could be a potential alternative method for clinical detection and monitoring of the effectiveness of H. pylori therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuju Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binjie Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gerontology Institute of Shanghai affiliated to, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da'nian Ji
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Shanghai Shine Clinical Laboratories, Inc., The Research base of MDT, DCMST, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gerontology Institute of Shanghai affiliated to, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Simultaneous detection of eight swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2015; 224:9-15. [PMID: 26259690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyser-based multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of eight reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine. The reproductive and respiratory pathogens include North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-NA), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), swine influenza virus (SIV) (including H1 and H3 subtypes), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Nine pairs of specific chimeric primers were designed and used to initiate PCRs, and one pair of universal primers was used for subsequent PCR cycles. The specificity of the GeXP assay was examined using positive controls for each virus. The sensitivity was evaluated using serial ten-fold dilutions of in vitro-transcribed RNA from all of the RNA viruses and plasmids from DNA viruses. The GeXP assay was further evaluated using 114 clinical specimens and was compared with real-time PCR/single RT-PCR methods. The specificity of the GeXP assay for each pathogen was examined using single cDNA/DNA template. Specific amplification peaks of the reproductive and respiratory pathogens were observed on the GeXP analyser. The minimum copies per reaction detected for each virus by the GeXP assay were as follows: 1000 copies/μl for PRV; 100 copies/μl for CSFV, JEV, PCV-2 and PPV; and 10 copies/μl for SIV-H1, SIV-H3 and PRRSV-NA. Analysis of 114 clinical samples using the GeXP assay demonstrated that the GeXP assay had comparable detection to real-time PCR/single RT-PCR. This study demonstrated that the GeXP assay is a new method with high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of these swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens. The GeXP assay may be adopted for molecular epidemiological surveys of these reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine populations.
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13
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Xie Z, Luo S, Xie L, Liu J, Pang Y, Deng X, Xie Z, Fan Q, Khan MI. Simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:188-95. [PMID: 25025815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new, rapid, and high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer-based multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. The respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Haemophilus paragallinarum (HPG). Ten pairs of primers were designed using conserved and specific sequence genes of AIV subtypes and respiratory pathogens from GenBank. Single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. The corresponding specific DNA products were amplified for each pathogen. The specific DNA product amplification peaks of nine respiratory pathogens were observed on the GeXP analyzer. Non-respiratory avian pathogens, including chicken infectious anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus, did not produce DNA products. The detection limit for the GeXP-multiplex assay was determined to be 100 copies/μl using various pre-mixed plasmids/ssRNAs containing known target genes of the respiratory pathogens. Further, GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was 100% specific when 24 clinical samples with respiratory infections were tested in comparison with conventional PCR method. The GeXP-multiplex PCR assay provides a novel tool for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yaoshan Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Mazhar I Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.
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Magalhaes I, Eriksson M, Linde C, Muhammad R, Rane L, Ambati A, Axelsson-Robertson R, Khalaj B, Alvarez-Corrales N, Lapini G, Montomoli E, Linde A, Pedersen NL, Maeurer M. Difference in immune response in vaccinated and unvaccinated Swedish individuals after the 2009 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:319. [PMID: 24916787 PMCID: PMC4067073 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous exposures to flu and subsequent immune responses may impact on 2009/2010 pandemic flu vaccine responses and clinical symptoms upon infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza strain. Qualitative and quantitative differences in humoral and cellular immune responses associated with the flu vaccination in 2009/2010 (pandemic H1N1 vaccine) and natural infection have not yet been described in detail. We designed a longitudinal study to examine influenza- (flu-) specific immune responses and the association between pre-existing flu responses, symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI), impact of pandemic flu infection, and pandemic flu vaccination in a cohort of 2,040 individuals in Sweden in 2009-2010. METHODS Cellular flu-specific immune responses were assessed by whole-blood antigen stimulation assay, and humoral responses by a single radial hemolysis test. RESULTS Previous seasonal flu vaccination was associated with significantly lower flu-specific IFN-γ responses (using a whole-blood assay) at study entry. Pandemic flu vaccination induced long-lived T-cell responses (measured by IFN-γ production) to influenza A strains, influenza B strains, and the matrix (M1) antigen. In contrast, individuals with pandemic flu infection (PCR positive) exhibited increased flu-specific T-cell responses shortly after onset of ILI symptoms but the immune response decreased after the flu season (spring 2010). We identified non-pandemic-flu vaccinated participants without ILI symptoms who showed an IFN-γ production profile similar to pandemic-flu infected participants, suggesting exposure without experiencing clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Strong and long-lived flu-M1 specific immune responses, defined by IFN-γ production, in individuals after vaccination suggest that M1-responses may contribute to protective cellular immune responses. Silent flu infections appeared to be frequent in 2009/2010. The pandemic flu vaccine induced qualitatively and quantitatively different humoral and cellular immune responses as compared to infection with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic H1N1 influenza strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Maeurer
- Center for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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A two-tube multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of viral and bacterial pathogens of infectious diarrhea. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:648520. [PMID: 24711998 PMCID: PMC3966319 DOI: 10.1155/2014/648520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by viral and bacterial infections is a major health problem in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to develop a two-tube multiplex PCR assay using automatic electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of 13 diarrhea-causative viruses or bacteria, with an intended application in provincial Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, China. The assay was designed to detect rotavirus A, norovirus genogroups GI and GII, human astrovirus, enteric adenoviruses, and human bocavirus (tube 1), and Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Yersinia, and Vibrio cholera (tube 2). The analytical specificity was examined with positive controls for each pathogen. The analytical sensitivity was evaluated by performing the assay on serial tenfold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA, recombinant plasmids, or bacterial culture. A total of 122 stool samples were tested by this two-tube assay and the results were compared with those obtained from reference methods. The two-tube assay achieved a sensitivity of 20–200 copies for a single virus and 102-103 CFU/mL for bacteria. The clinical performance demonstrated that the two-tube assay had comparable sensitivity and specificity to those of reference methods. In conclusion, the two-tube assay is a rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, specific, and high throughput method for the simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria and virus.
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16
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A two-tube multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of sixteen human respiratory virus types/subtypes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:327620. [PMID: 23984344 PMCID: PMC3747601 DOI: 10.1155/2013/327620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for the development of a rapid and sensitive diagnosis of respiratory viral pathogens. With an intended application in provincial Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, in this study, we present a two-tube multiplex RT-PCR assay (two-tube assay) using automatic electrophoresis to simultaneously detect sixteen common respiratory viruses. The specificity and the sensitivity of the assay were tested. The assay could detect 20-200 copies per reaction when each viral type was assayed individually, 2000 copies with 9 premixed viral targets in the multiplexed assay in tube 1, and 200 copies with 8 premixed templates in tube 2. A total of 247 specimens were used to evaluate the two-tube assay, and the results were compared with those obtained from the Luminex xTAG RVP Fast assay. The discordant results were confirmed by sequencing or by the Seeplex RV15 ACE detection kit. There were no false positives, but six false negatives occurred with the two-tube assay. In conclusion, the two-tube assay is demonstrated to have great potential for routine surveillance of respiratory virus infection in China.
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17
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Ring BZ, Nie K, Yang M, Wang M, Shen H, Wu X, Ma X. A novel multiplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR for the simultaneous genotyping of six single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with female cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62126. [PMID: 23614025 PMCID: PMC3629144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is a fast and economical means of assaying SNP's, requiring only PCR amplification and subsequent electrophoresis for the determination of genotypes. To improve the throughput and efficiency of T-ARMS-PCR, we combined T-ARMS-PCR with a chimeric primer-based temperature switch PCR (TSP) strategy, and used capillary electrophoresis (CE) for amplicon separation and identification. We assessed this process in the simultaneous genotyping of four breast cancer–and two cervical cancer risk–related SNPs. Methods A total of 24 T-ARMS-PCR primers, each 5′-tagged with a universal sequence and a pair of universal primers, were pooled together to amplify the 12 target alleles of 6 SNPs in 186 control female blood samples. Direct sequencing of all samples was also performed to assess the accuracy of this method. Results Of the 186 samples, as many as 11 amplicons can be produced in one single PCR and separated by CE. Genotyping results of the multiplex T-ARMS-PCR were in complete agreement with direct sequencing of all samples. Conclusions This novel multiplex T-ARMS-PCR method is the first reported method allowing one to genotype six SNPs in a single reaction with no post-PCR treatment other than electrophoresis. This method is reliable, fast, and easy to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian Z. Ring
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (XW)
| | - Xuejun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health-National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (XW)
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18
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Hu X, Xu B, Yang Y, Liu D, Yang M, Wang J, Shen H, Zhou X, Ma X. A high throughput multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:58. [PMID: 23497180 PMCID: PMC3637108 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aminoglycoside-resistance genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methyltransferases are main factors contributing to increasing resistance to aminoglycosides. Characterization and distribution of antimicrobial resistance gene profiles provide important information on the potential difficulty of treatment of bacteria. Several molecular methods have been developed to investigate the prevalence of aminoglycoside-resistance genes. These existing methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, expensive or limited sensitivity in the epidemiological investigation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid, less-costly and high throughput and sensitive method to investigate the distribution of antimicrobial resistance gene in clinical isolates. Results In this study, we developed a GeXP analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously detect seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes, including aac(3)-II, aac(6′)-Ib, aac(6′)-II, ant(3″)-I,aph(3′)-VI,armA and rmtB, and to analyze the distribution of these genes in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Under optimized conditions, this assay achieved a limit-of-detection as low as 10 copies of each of the seven genes. The presented method was applied to analyze the distribution of aminoglycoside-resistance genes in 56 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and the results were compared with that of the conventional single PCR assay. Kappa values of the two methods for detecting each of the seven resistance genes were 0.831, 0.846, 0.810, 0.909, 0.887, 0.810 and 0.825, respectively. Conclusion This GeXP assay is demonstrated to be a rapid, cost-effective and high throughput method with high sensitivity and specificity for simultaneously detecting seven common aminoglycoside-resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
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19
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Li J, Mao NY, Zhang C, Yang MJ, Wang M, Xu WB, Ma XJ. The development of a GeXP-based multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of sixteen human respiratory virus types/subtypes. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:189. [PMID: 22891685 PMCID: PMC3462154 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing standard non-molecular diagnostic methods such as viral culture and immunofluorescent (DFA) are time-consuming, labor intensive or limited sensitivity. Several multiplex molecular assays are costly. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a rapid and sensitive diagnosis of respiratory viral pathogens. Methods A GeXP-based multiplex RT-PCR assay (GeXP assay) was developed to detect simultaneously sixteen different respiratory virus types/subtypes. Seventeen sets of chimeric primers were used to initiate the RT-PCR, and one pair of universal primers was used for the subsequent cycles of the RT-PCR. The specificity of the GeXP assay was examined with positive controls for each virus type/subtype. The sensitivity was evaluated by performing the assay on serial ten-fold dilutions of in vitro-transcribed RNA of all RNA viruses and the plasmids containing the Adv and HBoV target sequence. GeXP assay was further evaluated using 126 clinical specimens and compared with Luminex xTAG RVP Fast assay. Results The GeXP assay achieved a sensitivity of 20–200 copies for a single virus and 1000 copies when all of the 16 pre-mixed viral targets were present. Analyses of 126 clinical specimens using the GeXP assay demonstrated that GeXP assay and the RVP Fast assay were in complete agreement for 109/126 (88.51%) of the specimens. GeXP assay was more sensitive than the RVP Fast assay for the detection of HRV and PIV3, and slightly less sensitive for the detection of HMPV, Adv, RSVB and HBoV. The whole process of the GeXP assay for the detection of 12 samples was completed within 2.5 hours. Conclusions In conclusion, the GeXP assay is a rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, specific and high throughput method for the detection of respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd 155, Beijing, Changping District 102206, China
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20
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Lim KL, Jazayeri SD, Yeap SK, Alitheen NBM, Bejo MH, Ideris A, Omar AR. Co-administration of avian influenza virus H5 plasmid DNA with chicken IL-15 and IL-18 enhanced chickens immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:132. [PMID: 22866758 PMCID: PMC3511295 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA vaccines offer several advantages over conventional vaccines in the development of effective vaccines against avian influenza virus (AIV). However, one of the limitations of the DNA vaccine in poultry is that it induces poor immune responses. In this study, chicken interleukin (IL) -15 and IL-18 were used as genetic adjuvants to improve the immune responses induced from the H5 DNA vaccination in chickens. The immunogenicity of the recombinant plasmid DNA was analyzed based on the antibody production, T cell responses and cytokine production, following inoculation in 1-day-old (Trial 1) and 14-day-old (Trial 2) specific-pathogen-free chickens. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to explore the role of chicken IL-15 and IL-18 as adjuvants following the vaccination of chickens with the H5 DNA vaccine. Results The overall HI antibody titer in chickens immunized with pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-15 was higher compared to chickens immunized with pDis/H5 (p < 0.05). The findings revealed that the inoculation of the 14-day-old chickens exhibited a shorter time to achieve the highest HI titer in comparison to the inoculation of the 1-day-old chickens. The cellular immunity was assessed by the flow cytometry analysis to enumerate CD4+ and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood. The chickens inoculated with pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-15 demonstrated the highest increase in CD4+ T cells population relative to the control chickens. However, this study revealed that pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-15 was not significant (P > 0.05) in inducing CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, with the exception of Trial 1, the flow cytometry results for Trial 2 demonstrated that the pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-18 inoculated group was able to trigger a higher increase in CD4+ T cells than the pDis/H5 group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-18 group was not significant (P > 0.05) in modulating CD8+ T cells population in both trials. The pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-15 inoculated group showed the highest IL-15 gene expression in both trials compared to other inoculated groups (P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained for the IL-18 expression where the pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-18 groups in both trials (Table 8) were significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, the expressions of other cytokines remained low or undetected by GeXP assay. Conclusions This study shows the diverse immunogenicity of pDis/H5 co-administered with chicken IL-15 and IL-18,with pDis/H5 + pDis/IL-15 being a better vaccine candidate compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian-Lam Lim
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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21
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Yang MJ, Luo L, Nie K, Wang M, Zhang C, Li J, Ma XJ. Genotyping of 11 human papillomaviruses by multiplex PCR with a GeXP analyzer. J Med Virol 2012; 84:957-63. [PMID: 22499019 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new, rapid, and high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection of 11 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes including nine high-risk types (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 52, 58, and 66) and two low-risk types (HPV6 and 11) in a single tube by multiplex PCR based on a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer (GeXP-PCR). Eleven sets of chimeric primers were used to initiate the PCR, and one pair of universal primers was used for the subsequent cycles of the PCR. The specificity of GeXP-PCR for each HPV type was examined with clinical samples of single type HPV infection tested previously. The sensitivity of GeXP-PCR was evaluated by performing the assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of cloned PCR products. The GeXP-PCR achieved a sensitivity of 100 copies when all of the 11 pre-mixed plasmids containing HPV targets were present. Analyses of 124 clinical specimens using the GeXP-PCR demonstrated that the GeXP-PCR assay had comparable sensitivity and specificity to those of reported multiple PCR assay and an increased detection of HPV 11 in samples with mixed infections. In conclusion, the GeXP-PCR is a fast, sensitive, and high throughput method for the detection of multiple HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Jia X, Ju H, Yang L, Tian Y. A novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for profile analyses of gene expression in peripheral blood. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:51. [PMID: 22780915 PMCID: PMC3445828 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated that inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis due to the abnormal gene expressions of multiple cytokines. We established an accurate and precise method to observe gene expression in whole blood that might provide specific diagnostic information for coronary artery disease (CAD) and other related diseases. Methods The fifteen selected CAD-related genes (IL1B, IL6, IL8, IFNG, MCP-1, VWF, MTHFR, SELL, TNFalpha, ubiquitin, MCSF, ICAM1, ID2, HMOX1 and LDLR) and two housekeeping genes (ACTB and GK) as internal references have been measured simultaneously with a newly developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multi-PCR) method. Moreover, the precision was evaluated, and a procedure for distinguishing patients from the normal population has been developed based upon analyses of peripheral blood. A total of 148 subjects were divided into group A (control group without plaques), group B (calcified plaques) and group C (non-calcified plaques, and combination group) according dual-source CT criteria. Gene expression in blood was analyzed by multi-PCR, and levels of glucose and lipids measured in 50 subjects to explore the relationship among them. Results The precision results of the multi-PCR system revealed within-run and between-run CV values of 3.695–12.537% and 4.405–13.405%, respectively. The profiles of cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood were set: a positive correlation between glucose and MCSF, HMOX1 or TNFalpha were found. We also found that triglyceride levels were negatively correlated with SELL gene expression in 50 subjects. Compared with controls, gene expression levels of IL1B, IL6, IL8 and MCP-1 increased significantly in group C. Conclusions A new multiple gene expression analysis system has been developed. The primary data suggested that gene expression was related to CAD. This system might be used for risk assessment of CVDs and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Jia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
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Simultaneously typing nine serotypes of enteroviruses associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease by a GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 50:288-93. [PMID: 22116146 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05828-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral disease occurring primarily in young children and caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and other serotypes of coxsackievirus and echovirus. In this study, a GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay (GeXP assay) consisting of chimeric primer-based PCR amplification with fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis separation was developed to simultaneously identify nine serotypes of enteroviruses associated with HFMD in China, including EV71, CVA16, CVA4, -5, -9, and -10, and CVB1, -3, and -5. The RNAs extracted from cell cultures of viral isolates and synthetic RNAs via in vitro transcription were used to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The GeXP assay detected as little as 0.03 tissue culture infective dose (TCID(50)) of EV71 and CVA16, 10 copies of panenterovirus, EV71, CVA16, CVB1, and CVB5, and 100 copies of 10 (including panenterovirus) premixed RNA templates. A total of 180 stool specimens collected from HFMD patients and persons suspected of having HFMD were used to evaluate the clinical performance of this assay. In comparison with the results of conventional methods, the sensitivities of the GeXP assay for detection of panenterovirus, EV71, and CVA16 were 98.79% (163/165), 91.67% (44/48), and 91.67% (33/36), respectively, and the specificities were 80.00% (12/15), 98.48% (130/132), and 100% (144/144), respectively. The concordance of typing seven other serotypes of enteroviruses with the results of conventional methods was 92.59% (25/27). In conclusion, the GeXP assay is a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput method for typing nine serotypes of HFMD-associated enteroviruses.
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