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Recent advances in diagnostic approaches for orf virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1515-1523. [PMID: 36723701 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype species of the Parapoxvirus genus, is an important zoonotic virus, causing great economic losses in livestock production. At present, there are no effective drugs for orf treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic approaches for ORFV. Over decades, various diagnostic methods have been established, including conventional methods such as virus isolation and electron microscopy; serological methods such as virus neutralization test (VNT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. This review provides an overview of currently available diagnostic approaches for ORFV and discusses their advantages and limitations and future perspectives, which would be significantly helpful for ORFV early diagnosis and surveillance to prevent outbreak of orf. KEY POINTS: • Orf virus emerged and reemerged in past years • Rapid and efficient diagnostic approaches are needed and critical for ORFV detection • Novel and sensitive diagnostic methods are required for ORFV detection.
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2
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Das A, Wang Y, Babiuk S, Bai J, Dodd K, Jia W. Development of multiplex real-time PCR assays for differential detection of capripoxvirus, parapoxvirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1326-1337. [PMID: 33837669 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of multiplex real-time PCR assays for differential detection of capripoxvirus (CaPV), parapoxvirus (PaPV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in sheep, goats and cattle. Three multiplex assays were developed, a capripox (CaP) rule-out assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of CaPV and PaPV, a FMD rule-out assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of FMDV and PaPV, and a FMD/CaP rule-out assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of CaPV, PaPV and FMDV. All multiplex assays included β-actin gene ACTB as an internal positive control to monitor PCR inhibition and accuracy of nucleic acid extractions. The optimized assays were highly specific to the target viruses (CaPV, PaPV and FMDV) with no cross-reactivity against other viruses that cause similar clinical signs. Using positive control plasmids as template, the limit of detection (LOD) of the multiplex assays were estimated as 2 CaPV, 7 PaPV and 15 FMDV copies per assay. The amplification efficiency (AE) and correlation coefficient (R2 ), estimated from the standard curves (Ct vs. log10 template dilution), were 94%-106% and >0.99, respectively, for CaP and FMD rule-out assays, 96%-116% (AE) and >0.98 (R2 ), respectively, for CaP/FMD rule-out assays and 91%-102% and >0.99, respectively, for the corresponding singleplex assays. The diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) of the multiplex assays was assessed on 35 CaPV and 39 FMDV clinical specimens from experimentally infected (CS-E) animals, and 29 CaPV (LSDV), 28 FMDV and 36 PaPV clinical specimens from naturally infected (CS-N) animals; all tested positive (DSe 100%) except two CS-E FMDV specimens that were tested negative by FMD rule-out and the corresponding singleplex (FMDV) assays (37/39; DSe 95%). The newly developed multiplex assays offer a valuable tool for differential detection of clinically indistinguishable CaPV, PaPV and FMDV in suspected animals and animals with mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Das
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kimberly Dodd
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY, USA
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3
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Wolff J, Beer M, Hoffmann B. Probe-Based Real-Time qPCR Assays for a Reliable Differentiation of Capripox Virus Species. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040765. [PMID: 33917525 PMCID: PMC8067474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of the three capripox virus species, namely lumpy skin disease virus, sheeppox virus, and goatpox virus, severely affect animal health and both national and international economies. Therefore, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) classified them as notifiable diseases. Until now, discrimination of capripox virus species was possible by using different conventional PCR protocols. However, more sophisticated probe-based real-time qPCR systems addressing this issue are, to our knowledge, still missing. In the present study, we developed several duplex qPCR assays consisting of different types of fluorescence-labelled probes that are highly sensitive and show a high analytical specificity. Finally, our assays were combined with already published diagnostic methods to a diagnostic workflow that enables time-saving, reliable, and robust detection, differentiation, and characterization of capripox virus isolates.
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4
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Sumana K, Revanaiah Y, Shivachandra SB, Mothay D, Apsana R, Saminathan M, Basavaraj S, Reddy GBM. Molecular phylogeny of Capripoxviruses based on major immunodominant protein (P32) reveals circulation of host specific sheeppox and goatpox viruses in small ruminants of India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104472. [PMID: 32711078 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox and goatpox are highly contagious viral diseases of small ruminants causing severe economic losses to the livestock farmers. The disease is enzootic in Asia including India, Middle East and African countries. In the present study, a total of 28 isolates from twenty five sheeppox and goatpox disease outbreaks were phylogenetically analyzed based on P32 gene/protein along with homology modeling and docking using heparan sulfate and UDP-glucose. Three distinct lineage-specific clusters as per their host origin were recorded. Multiple sequence analysis of P32 gene revealed that genetically similar sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) strains are circulating in India. Phylogenetically, Lumpy skin disease (LSDV) and SPPV had a closer genetic relationship than GTPV. Comparative sequence alignment indicated conservation of various motifs such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG), chemokine like motif (CX3C) and Asp-Glu-any other residue-Asp (D/ExD), as well as viral specific signature residues in SPPV and GTPV isolates. Structurally, P32 protein of SPPV and GTPV with mixed α helices and β sheets resembled with crystal structure of homologue vaccinia virus H3L protein. Docking studies in P32 protein of SPPV and GTPV revealed conserved binding pattern with heparan sulfate which is involved in the virus attachment and varied glycosyltransferase fold with UDP-glucose. These findings may help in development of suitable vaccines/diagnostics and therapeutics against capripoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sumana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), School of Sciences, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bengaluru 560011, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogisharadhya Revanaiah
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Dipti Mothay
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), School of Sciences, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bengaluru 560011, Karnataka, India
| | - R Apsana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - M Saminathan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - S Basavaraj
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
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Haegeman A, De Vleeschauwer A, De Leeuw I, Vidanović D, Šekler M, Petrović T, Demarez C, Lefebvre D, De Clercq K. Overview of diagnostic tools for Capripox virus infections. Prev Vet Med 2019; 181:104704. [PMID: 31196699 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Capripox viruses are the causative agents of important animal diseases in cattle (Lumpy Skin Disease), sheep (Sheeppox) and goats (Goatpox) with severe socio-economic impact in case of wide scale outbreaks. Therefore there is a constant need for adequate diagnostic tools. The assays must be fit-for-purpose to identify the virus quickly and correctly and to be useful for surveillance and monitoring at different stages of an epidemic. Different diagnostic performance characteristics are required depending on the situation and the test purpose. The need for high throughput, high specificity/sensitivity and the capability for differentiating field virus strains from vaccine strains drives the development of new and better assays preferably with an advantageous cost-benefit balance. This review aims to look at existing and new virological and serological diagnostic tools used in the control against diseases caused by Capripox viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Haegeman
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | | | - Ilse De Leeuw
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | - Dejan Vidanović
- Specialized Veterinary Institute "Kraljevo", Kraljevo, Serbia.
| | - Milanko Šekler
- Specialized Veterinary Institute "Kraljevo", Kraljevo, Serbia.
| | - Tamaš Petrović
- Department for Virology, Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Céline Demarez
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | - David Lefebvre
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Sciensano, Exotic and Particular Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, 1180, Ukkel, Belgium.
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6
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Xu X, Yang F, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Huang J, Fu M, Zhang W. Development of a multiplex TaqMan qPCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of four DNA and RNA viruses from clinical samples of sheep and goats. J Virol Methods 2019; 266:58-64. [PMID: 30703412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixed infections with different pathogens are common in sheep and goats under intensive production conditions. Quick and accurate detection and differentiation of different pathogens is necessary for epidemiological surveillance, disease management and import and export controls. Multiplex TaqMan qPCR protocols were developed and subsequently evaluated as effective tools in simultaneously detecting single and mixed infections in sheep and goats. Four pairs of primers and four probes labeled with Rox/BHQ2, Cy5/BHQ2, Hex/BHQ1 and Fam/BHQ1 for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), goat pox virus (GTPV) and orf virus (ORFV), respectively, were used in the multiplex TaqMan qPCR assay. The assay was shown to be sensitive with detection limits of 9.17 × 101, 1.69 × 102, 9.41 × 101 and 7.46 × 101 copies/μL for PPRV, FMDV, GTPV and ORFV from a mixture of four viruses in a reaction, respectively. The assay was highly specific in its ability to detect one or more viruses in various combinations in the specimens. 38 clinical samples collected from sheep and goats were detected among 43 samples tested by multiplex TaqMan qPCR, showing highly effective identification. Overall, the multiplex TaqMan qPCR panel provides a fast, specific, and sensitive diagnostic tool for the accurate detection of multiple viral pathogens in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingzhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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7
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Karki M, Kumar A, Venkatesan G, Arya S, Pandey AB. Genetic analysis of L1R myristoylated protein of Capripoxviruses reveals structural homogeneity among poxviruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 58:224-231. [PMID: 29306003 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) are members of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. CaPVs are responsible for important contagious diseases of small ruminants that are enzootic to the Indian sub-continent, Central and Northern Africa and the Middle East. In the present study, the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the L1R gene of sixteen CaPV isolates (seven SPPV and nine GTPV) from India were performed along with 3D homology modeling of the L1R protein. L1R is a myristoylated protein responsible for virion assembly and being present on intracellular mature virion (IMV) surface, it is also a potent target for eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Sequence analysis of CaPV L1R gene revealed an ORF of 738bp with >99% and >96% identity within species and between species, respectively, at both nucleotide as well as amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis displayed distinct clusters of members of genus Capripoxvirus, as GTPV, SPPV and LSDV. L1R at the protein level showed various species-specific signature residues that may be useful for future grouping or genotyping of CaPV members. CaPV L1R was predicted to possess myristoylation motif GAAASIQTTVNTLNEKI and a potential N-glycosylation site at amino acid residue 50 (Asn). Despite of different host specificity in poxviruses, comparative sequence analysis of L1R proteins revealed highly conserved nature with presence of myristoylation motif (GXXXS) and six cysteine residues forming three disulfide bonds among all poxviruses. The conserved and immunogenic nature of the CaPV L1R gene may prove to be a potential candidate/target for developing molecular diagnostics including recombinant protein based assays and prophylactics for the control of CaPV diseases in tropical countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Karki
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gnanavel Venkatesan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sargam Arya
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A B Pandey
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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A Model to Detect Autochthonous Group 1 and 2 Brazilian Vaccinia virus Coinfections: Development of a qPCR Tool for Diagnosis and Pathogenesis Studies. Viruses 2017; 10:v10010015. [PMID: 29301202 PMCID: PMC5795428 DOI: 10.3390/v10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), an emerging zoonosis that has been associated with economic losses and social effects. Despite increasing reports of BV outbreaks in Brazil, little is known about the biological interactions of Brazilian VACV (VACV-BR) isolates during coinfections; furthermore, there are no tools for the diagnosis of these coinfections. In this study, a tool to co-detect two variants of VACV was developed to provide new information regarding the pathogenesis, virulence profile, and viral spread during coinfection with VACV-BR isolates. To test the quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) tool, groups of BALB/c mice were intranasally monoinfected with Pelotas virus 1-Group II (PV1-GII) and Pelotas virus 2-Group I (PV2-GI), or were coinfected with PV1-GII and PV2-GI. Clinical signs of the mice were evaluated and the viral load in lung and spleen were detected using simultaneous polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the A56R (hemagglutinin) gene of VACV. The results showed that qPCR for the quantification of viral load in coinfection was efficient and highly sensitive. Coinfected mice presented more severe disease and a higher frequency of VACV detection in lung and spleen, when compared to monoinfected groups. This study is the first description of PV1 and PV2 pathogenicity during coinfection in mice, and provides a new method to detect VACV-BR coinfections.
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Agianniotaki EI, Chaintoutis SC, Haegeman A, Tasioudi KE, De Leeuw I, Katsoulos PD, Sachpatzidis A, De Clercq K, Alexandropoulos T, Polizopoulou ZS, Chondrokouki ED, Dovas CI. Development and validation of a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method for the differentiation of wild type lumpy skin disease virus from vaccine virus strains. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:48-57. [PMID: 28837841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral disease of cattle with severe economic impact. Immunization of cattle with homologous live attenuated vaccines poses a number of diagnostic problems, as it has been associated with adverse reactions resembling disease symptoms. The latter hampers clinical diagnosis and poses challenges in virus identification. To this end, a duplex quantitative real-time PCR method targeting the GPCR gene was developed and validated, for the concurrent detection and differentiation of wild type and vaccine Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains. The method was evaluated in three laboratories. The evaluation included a panel of 38 poxvirus isolates/strains and the analytical characteristics of the method were determined. Amplification efficiencies were 91.3% and 90.7%, for wild type and vaccine LSDV, respectively; the limit of detection was 8 DNA copies for both targets and the inter-assay CV was 0.30% for wild type and 0.73% for vaccine LSDV. The diagnostic performance was assessed using 163 LSDV-positive samples, including field specimens and samples from experimentally vaccinated/infected animals. The method is able to confirm diagnosis in suspect cases, it differentiates infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) and can be regarded as an important tool for effective LSD surveillance and eradication during vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini I Agianniotaki
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; National Reference Laboratory for CaPVs, Department of Molecular Diagnostics, FMD, Virological, Rickettsial & Exotic Diseases, Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Serafeim C Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Unit Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Konstantia E Tasioudi
- National Reference Laboratory for CaPVs, Department of Molecular Diagnostics, FMD, Virological, Rickettsial & Exotic Diseases, Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilse De Leeuw
- Unit Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis-Dimitrios Katsoulos
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kris De Clercq
- Unit Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Thomas Alexandropoulos
- Directorate General of Sustainable Animal Production and Veterinary Medicines, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe S Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni D Chondrokouki
- National Reference Laboratory for CaPVs, Department of Molecular Diagnostics, FMD, Virological, Rickettsial & Exotic Diseases, Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos I Dovas
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Ben Chehida F, Ayari-Fakhfakh E, Caufour P, Amdouni J, Nasr J, Messaoudi L, Haj Ammar H, Sghaier S, Bernard C, Ghram A, Cêtre-Sossah C. Sheep pox in Tunisia: Current status and perspectives. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:50-63. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ben Chehida
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet; Sidi Thabet Tunisia
- Université de Manouba; Manouba Tunisia
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France. INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France. Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Jazourna Bizerte Tunisia. Université de Carthage; Carthage Tunisia
| | - E. Ayari-Fakhfakh
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | - P. Caufour
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
- INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
| | - J. Amdouni
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - J. Nasr
- Université de Carthage; Carthage Tunisia
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | | | - H. Haj Ammar
- Ministère de l'Agriculture; Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires; Tunis Tunisia
| | - S. Sghaier
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie (IRVT); Tunis Tunisia
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | - C. Bernard
- INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-97491 Sainte Clotilde La Réunion France
| | - A. Ghram
- Université Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Tunis Belvédère Tunisia
| | - C. Cêtre-Sossah
- INRA; UMR ASTRE; F-34398 Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; F-97491 Sainte Clotilde La Réunion France
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11
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Development of multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of six DNA and RNA viruses from clinical samples of sheep and goats. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:44-49. [PMID: 28111057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR protocols were developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness in detecting simultaneously single and mixed infections in sheep and goats. Specific primers for three DNA viruses and three RNA viruses, including foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), Bluetongue virus (BTV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV) and orf virus (ORFV) were used for testing procedure. A single nucleic acid extraction protocol was adopted for the simultaneous extraction of both RNA and DNA viruses. The multiplex PCR consisted with two-step procedure which included reverse transcription of RNA virus and multiplex PCR of viral cDNA and DNA. The multiplex PCR assay was shown to be sensitive because it could detect at least 100pg of viral genomic DNA or RNA from a mixture of six viruses in a reaction. The assay was also highly specific in detecting one or more of the same viruses in various combinations in specimens. Thirty seven clinical samples collected from sheep and goats were detected among forty three samples tested by both uniplex and multiplex PCR, showing highly identification. As results of the sensitivity and specificity, the multiplex PCR is a useful approach for clinical diagnosis of mixed infections of DNA and RNA viruses in sheep and goats with a reaction.
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12
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Mahmoud MA, Khafagi MH. Detection, identification, and differentiation of sheep pox virus and goat pox virus from clinical cases in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Vet World 2016; 9:1445-1449. [PMID: 28096619 PMCID: PMC5234061 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1445-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To isolate, identify, and differentiate Capripoxviruses (CaPV) (sheep pox virus and goat pox virus) infections by egg inoculation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RPO30) in clinically affected animals in Hawamdia township of Giza Governorate, Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 scab samples were collected from clinically suspected field cases of sheep pox and goat pox. These samples were collected during (2014-2015) during different outbreaks of sheep pox and goat pox from Hawamdia township of Giza Governorate, Egypt. The samples were subjected to egg inoculation, TEM, and (RPO30) gene-based PCR. By using the egg inoculation: Previously prepared 37 scab samples (n=23 sheep and n=14 goats) were inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (12 days old age). In the presence of the suitable percentage of humidity and candling, the inoculated eggs were incubated at 37°C. By using the TEM: Samples showed positive pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membranes, were fixed in glutaraldehyde, then processed and sectioned for TEM. Using the (RPO30) gene-based PCR assay, 30 of positive samples after egg inoculation (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) were screened. RESULTS Using the egg inoculation, a characteristic pock lesions for poxviruses were seen in 30/37 (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) (81.08%). Using the TEM, examination of the positive samples after egg inoculation revealed positive result in 23/30 (n=15 sheep and n=8 goats) (76.66%). The positive results represented by the presence of negatively stained oval-shape virus particles. Using the (RPO30) gene-based PCR assay, out of 30 total of positive samples after egg inoculation (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) were screened, 27 (90%) samples (n=17 sheep and n=10 goats) were positive. The given band sizes of sheep and goats were 172 and 152 bp, respectively. CONCLUSION PCR assay depended on RPO30 gene can be used lonely for the detection, identification, and differentiation of CaPVs. RPO30 gene-based PCR assay in combination with gene sequencing helps in molecular epidemiological studies of CaPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - M H Khafagi
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Madhavan A, Venkatesan G, Kumar A. Capripoxviruses of Small Ruminants: Current Updates and Future Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.757.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shalaby MA, El-Deeb A, El-Tholoth M, Hoffmann D, Czerny CP, Hufert FT, Weidmann M, Abd El Wahed A. Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of lumpy skin disease virus. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:244. [PMID: 27806722 PMCID: PMC5094145 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a Capripoxvirus infecting cattle and Buffalos. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) leads to significant economic losses due to hide damage, reduction of milk production, mastitis, infertility and mortalities (10 %). Early detection of the virus is crucial to start appropriate outbreak control measures. Veterinarians rely on the presence of the characteristic clinical signs of LSD. Laboratory diagnostics including virus isolation, sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are performed at well-equipped laboratories. In this study, a portable, simple, and rapid recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for the detection of LSDV-genome for the use on farms was developed. RESULTS The LSDV RPA assay was performed at 42 °C and detected down to 179 DNA copies/reaction in a maximum of 15 min. Unspecific amplification was observed with neither LSDV-negative samples (n = 12) nor nucleic acid preparations from orf virus, bovine papular stomatitis virus, cowpoxvirus, Peste des petits ruminants and Blue tongue virus (serotypes 1, 6 and 8). The clinical sensitivity of the LSDV RPA assay matched 100 % (n = 22) to real-time PCR results. In addition, the LSDV RPA assay detected sheep and goat poxviruses. CONCLUSION The LSDV RPA assay is a rapid and sensitive test that could be implemented in field or at quarantine stations for the identification of LSDV infected case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Shalaby
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Deeb
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Czerny
- Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Georg-August-University, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frank T. Hufert
- Institute of Microbiology & Virology, Brandenburg Medical School Fontane, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Weidmann
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - Ahmed Abd El Wahed
- Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Georg-August-University, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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Venkatesan G, Balamurugan V, Bhanuprakash V, Singh R, Pandey A. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of sheep pox and goat pox viruses in clinical samples. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:174-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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THE APPROACHES TO DESIGNING OF NEW GENERATION VACCINES AGAINST THE SHEEP POX DISEASE. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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