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Halder M, Saha S, Mookerjee S, Palit A. Exploring the dynamics of toxigenic environmental Vibrio mimicus and its comparative analysis with Vibrio cholerae of the southern Gangetic delta. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:420. [PMID: 35748957 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio cholerae are closely related species. Environmental V.mimicus were comparatively analyzed with V.cholerae, for the presence of virulence genes, antibiotic susceptibility, resistance genes, in-vitro hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Phylogenetic analysis was performed depending on toxin-gene disposition and isolation area. One V.mimicus isolate harbored ctxA, tcp El-Tor, toxT and toxS, whereas several strains contained incomplete copies of virulence cassettes and associated toxin genes. V.cholerae isolates harbored ctx, tcp and toxT genes, with a higher preponderance of hlyA, rtxA and toxR genes. V.mimicus were highly sensitive to amino/carboxy-penicillins, furazolidone & gentamycin, with quinolone & tetracycline resistance genes. V.cholerae isolates were sensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins, with 29% of the strains bearing the sxt gene. Phylogenetically, the apomorphic strains of both species were unique to the inland sites. V.cholerae has embodied an enormous public health burden globally but our findings emphasize the role of V.mimicus as an emerging etiological agent with similar epidemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Suvajit Saha
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India.
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Saha S, Halder M, Mookerjee S, Palit A. Preponderance of Multidrug-resistant, Toxigenic, and Thermotolerant Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Raw and Cooked Seafood of Indo-Gangetic Basin and Associated Health Risks. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1813858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvajit Saha
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
| | - Madhumanti Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Beliaghata, India
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Halder M, Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Palit A. Waterborne outbreaks in diarrhoea endemic foci of India: a longitudinal exploration and its implications. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:172. [PMID: 29478177 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoea remains a global public health enigma raising deep concerns for the health planners since contaminated potable water often spoils the community health structure. We hereby report a 6-year odd continuing outbreak surveillance report based on potable water indices, during which 264 water samples were screened from different districts of West Bengal, India. Samples were analysed for the presence of different enteropathogenic bacterial species by conventional molecular tools and their sensitivity to antibiotics. 78.03% samples were positive for enteropathogenic bacterial organisms and 75% samples harbored Coliform. 45.45, 12.12, and 4.16% samples were positive for E.coli, V. cholerae, and V. mimicus, respectively. Diarrhoeagenic E.coli 7 EPEC, 10 ETEC, and 2 EIEC were isolated along with 2 V. cholerae O1 Ogawa (ctxA and tcpA ElTor positive), one each from tube well and pond. Interestingly, 4 V.cholerae non-O1/non-O139 also harbored hlyA gene. The detection of toxin genes among this bacterial pool of sampled water indicates the fallout of the potable water sources, thus enabling us to establish that it is none other than the contaminated potable water system which often wreaks havoc in the south Bengal diarrhoeal menace. The consequences are further complicated by the presence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacterial pool to fluoroquinolone, beta-lactams, and cephalosporins, in the accessible potable water, with threats of outbreaks exploding into an epidemic, given suitable environment, poor sanitation, and unhygienic practices. Therefore, we strongly recommend re-modelling of 'point-of-use water disinfection' measures and adequate personal hygiene for healthier community life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research), P-33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India.
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Halder M, Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Palit A. Environmental Vibrio cholerae non O1/ non O139 from the Gangetic delta: a diarrhoeal disease purview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:241-251. [PMID: 28574285 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1332346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoea still remains an unsolved enigma in developing countries, a major concern for the health planners. We targeted the abundance and toxicity of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (NOVC) in Gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. A total of 74 V. cholerae were isolated from 120 water samples (68 NOVC, 6 V. cholerae O1) from two sampling sites off river Ganges. V. cholerae showed distinct seasonality, with steady increase from summer to monsoon, steep ascent in post-monsoon and an abrupt decline in winter. Highest number of NOVC was isolated form Howrah, attributed to low salinity and high anthropogenic influence. Environmental NOVC harboured hlyA (94.0 %), rtxA (81.0 %) and toxR (28.0 %) genes. About 23.4 % of the hlyA harbouring NOVC showed haemolytic activity. Accessory toxin genes (tlcR, toxT, RJ and LJ and aldA), among 3-5 % of the NOVC carry significant health implications. Haemolytic activity and biofilm formation in NOVC, during unfavourable conditions, facilitates gene transfer and emphasises the role of environmental NOVC in diarrhoeal incidence in South Bengal, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Anup Palit
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Sarkar MH, Palit A. Seasonal Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Vibrio and Their Phages in the Riverine Estuarine Ecosystem of South Bengal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137338. [PMID: 26340543 PMCID: PMC4560433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease remains an unsolved problem in developing countries. The emergence of new etiological agents (non-cholera vibrios) is a major cause of concern for health planners. We attempted to unveil the seasonal dynamics of entero-pathogenic Vibrios in Gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. 120 surface water samples were collected for a period of one year from 3 sampling sites on the Hooghly river. Five enteropathogenic Vibrio species, V. cholerae (35%), V. parahaemolyticus (22.5%), V. mimicus (19.1%), V. alginolyticus (15.8%) and V. vulnificus (11.6%), were present in the water samples. The vibriophages, V. vulnificus ɸ (17.5%), V. alginolyticus ɸ (17.5%), V. parahaemolyticus ɸ (10%), V. cholerae non-O1/O139 ɸ (26.6%) and V. mimicus ɸ (9.1%), were also detected in these samples. The highest number of Vibrios were noted in the monsoon (20-34°C), and to a lesser extent, in the summer (24-36°C) seasons. Samples positive for phages for any of the identified Vibrio species were mostly devoid of that particular bacterial organism and vice versa. The detection of toxin genes and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in some environmental enteropathogenic Vibrio species in the aquatic niches is a significant outcome. This finding is instrumental in the south Bengal diarrhoeal incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Mookerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhumanti Halder Sarkar
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Anup Palit
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, P- 33, Scheme-XM, CIT Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
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