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Rabia B, Thanigaimani S, Golledge J. The potential involvement of glycocalyx disruption in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 70:107629. [PMID: 38461960 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a weakening and expansion of the abdominal aorta. Currently, there is no drug treatment to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. The glycocalyx is the outermost layer of the cell surface, mainly composed of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to identify a potential relationship between glycocalyx disruption and abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. METHODS A narrative review of relevant published research was conducted. RESULTS Glycocalyx disruption has been reported to enhance vascular permeability, impair immune responses, dysregulate endothelial function, promote extracellular matrix remodeling and modulate mechanotransduction. All these effects are implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Glycocalyx disruption promotes inflammation through exposure of adhesion molecules and release of proinflammatory mediators. Glycocalyx disruption affects how the endothelium responds to shear stress by reducing nitric oxide availabilty and adversely affecting the storage and release of several antioxidants, growth factors, and antithromotic proteins. These changes exacerbate oxidative stress, stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and promote thrombosis, all effects implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Deficiency of key component of the glycocalyx, such as syndecan-4, were reported to promote aneurysm formation and rupture in the angiotensin-II and calcium chloride induced mouse models of abdominal aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSION This review provides a summary of past research which suggests that glycocalyx disruption may play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Further research is needed to establish a causal link between glycocalyx disruption and abdominal aortic aneurysm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Rabia
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.
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Maldonado H, Savage BD, Barker HR, May U, Vähätupa M, Badiani RK, Wolanska KI, Turner CMJ, Pemmari T, Ketomäki T, Prince S, Humphries MJ, Ruoslahti E, Morgan MR, Järvinen TAH. Systemically administered wound-homing peptide accelerates wound healing by modulating syndecan-4 function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8069. [PMID: 38057316 PMCID: PMC10700342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR (CARSKNKDC) is a wound-homing peptide that recognises angiogenic neovessels. Here we discover that systemically administered CAR peptide has inherent ability to promote wound healing: wounds close and re-epithelialise faster in CAR-treated male mice. CAR promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 regulates cell migration and is crucial for wound healing. We report that syndecan-4 expression is restricted to epidermis and blood vessels in mice skin wounds. Syndecan-4 regulates binding and internalisation of CAR peptide and CAR-mediated cytoskeletal remodelling. CAR induces syndecan-4-dependent activation of the small GTPase ARF6, via the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2, and promotes syndecan-4-, ARF6- and Cytohesin-2-mediated keratinocyte migration. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of syndecan-4 in male mice eliminates CAR-induced wound re-epithelialisation following systemic administration. We propose that CAR peptide activates syndecan-4 functions to selectively promote re-epithelialisation. Thus, CAR peptide provides a therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing in mice; systemic, yet target organ- and cell-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Maldonado
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bryan D Savage
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harlan R Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulrike May
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rahul K Badiani
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Craig M J Turner
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Toini Pemmari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomo Ketomäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stuart Prince
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA and Center for Nanomedicine, University of California (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA and Center for Nanomedicine, University of California (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Grønbæk SK, Høgh J, Knudsen AD, Pham MHC, Sigvardsen PE, Fuchs A, Kühl JT, Køber L, Gerstoft J, Benfield T, Ostrowski SR, Kofoed KF, Nielsen SD. Aortic aneurysms and markers of platelet activation, hemostasis, and endothelial disruption in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115894. [PMID: 36817421 PMCID: PMC9933775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV (PLWH) are at twice the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and have more than four times higher odds of aortic aneurysm (AA) than the uninfected population. However, biomarkers of AA in PLWH are yet to be discovered. We aimed to investigate whether circulating biomarkers reflecting platelet activation, hemostasis and endothelial disruption, i.e. sCD40L, D-dimer, syndecan-1, and thrombomodulin, were associated with AA in PLWH. Methods Five hundred seventy one PLWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study ≥40 years of age with an available contrast-enhanced CT scan as well as available biomarker analyses were included. The biomarkers were analyzed on thawed plasma. For each biomarker, we defined high level as a concentration in the upper quartile and low level as a concentration below the upper quartile. For D-dimer, the cut-off was defined as the lower limit of detection. Using unadjusted and adjusted logistic and linear regression models, we analyzed associations between AA and sCD40L, D-dimer, syndecan-1, and thrombomodulin, respectively in PLWH. Results PLWH had median (IQR) age 52 years (47-60), 88% were male, median (IQR) time since HIV diagnosis was 15 years (8-23), and 565 (99%) were currently on antiretroviral treatment. High level of sCD40L was associated with lower odds of AA in both unadjusted (odds ratio, OR, 0.23 (95% CI 0.07-0.77; P=0.017)) and adjusted models (adjusted OR, aOR, 0.23 (95% CI 0.07-0.78; P=0.019)). Detectable level of D-dimer was associated with higher odds of AA in both unadjusted (OR 2.76 (95% CI 1.34-5.67; P=0.006)) and adjusted models (aOR 2.22 (95% CI 1.02-4.85; P=0.045)). Conclusions SCD40L was associated with lower odds of AA whereas D-dimer was independently associated with higher odds of AA in PLWH. This calls for further investigations into specific biomarkers to aid early diagnosis of AA in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Klöcker Grønbæk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Susanne Dam Nielsen, ; Sylvester Klöcker Grønbæk,
| | - Julie Høgh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Huy Cuong Pham
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Ejlstrup Sigvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Tobias Kühl
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Center of Research and Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Susanne Dam Nielsen, ; Sylvester Klöcker Grønbæk,
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Zalghout S, Vo S, Arocas V, Jadoui S, Hamade E, Badran B, Oudar O, Charnaux N, Longrois D, Boulaftali Y, Bouton MC, Richard B. Syndecan-1 Is Overexpressed in Human Thoracic Aneurysm but Is Dispensable for the Disease Progression in a Mouse Model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839743. [PMID: 35548440 PMCID: PMC9082175 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) pooling has long been considered as one of the histopathological characteristics defining thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) together with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) apoptosis and elastin fibers degradation. However, little information is known about GAGs composition or their potential implication in TAA pathology. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction and assembly, regulation of SMCs phenotype, and various aspects of inflammation in the vascular wall. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether SDC-1 expression was regulated in human TAA and to analyze its role in a mouse model of this disease. In the current work, the regulation of SDC-1 was examined in human biopsies by RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the role of SDC-1 was evaluated in descending TAA in vivo using a mouse model combining both aortic wall weakening and hypertension. Our results showed that both SDC-1 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in the media layer of human TAA specimens. RT-qPCR experiments revealed a 3.6-fold overexpression of SDC-1 mRNA (p = 0.0024) and ELISA assays showed that SDC-1 protein was increased 2.3 times in TAA samples compared with healthy counterparts (221 ± 24 vs. 96 ± 33 pg/mg of tissue, respectively, p = 0.0012). Immunofluorescence imaging provided evidence that SMCs are the major cell type expressing SDC-1 in TAA media. Similarly, in the mouse model used, SDC-1 expression was increased in TAA specimens compared to healthy samples. Although its protective role against abdominal aneurysm has been reported, we observed that SDC-1 was dispensable for TAA prevalence or rupture. In addition, SDC-1 deficiency did not alter the extent of aortic wall dilatation, elastin degradation, collagen deposition, or leukocyte recruitment in our TAA model. These findings suggest that SDC-1 could be a biomarker revealing TAA pathology. Future investigations could uncover the underlying mechanisms leading to regulation of SDC-1 expression in TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zalghout
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Vo
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Véronique Arocas
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumaya Jadoui
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Olivier Oudar
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Charnaux
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Dan Longrois
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Benjamin Richard
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Richard
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Hu J, Li Y, Wei Z, Chen H, Sun X, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Guo M, Chen J, Zhai G, Xu B, Xie J. A reduction in the vascular smooth muscle cell focal adhesion component syndecan-4 is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e605. [PMID: 34936241 PMCID: PMC8693440 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious vascular disease for which there is no effective drug treatment. The incidence of AAA increases significantly as a subject ages, and the molecular mechanism of AAA formation remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of syndecan-4 (SDC4), an important component of focal adhesions, in AAA formation and its association with phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS The protein expression levels of SDC4 were significantly decreased in human AAA tissue and those of an AAA mouse model. Moreover, SDC4 knockout (KO) in mice accelerated the formation and rupture of AAAs induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) Mechanistically, the decrease in SDC4 led to the transformation of cultured VSMCs from a contractile to a secretory phenotype. The RhoA-F/G-actin-myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) signalling pathway was shown to be involved in SDC4-dependent VSMC alteration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a G-protein-coupled receptor, attenuated the AAA formation in SDC4-KO and wild-type (WT) mice in response to Ang II and CaCl2 stimulation. CONCLUSION We herein demonstrated that silencing SDC4 was associated with increased AAA formation and phenotypic changes in VSMCs via the RhoA-F/G-actin-MRTF-A pathway. These findings indicated that a reduction in SDC4 expression was an important pathological alteration and potential therapeutic target for AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhonghai Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haiting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guangyao Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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Non-invasive functional molecular phenotyping of human smooth muscle cells utilized in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:193-205. [PMID: 30878445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) diversity and plasticity are limiting factors in their characterization and application in cardiovascular tissue engineering. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging to distinguish SMCs of different tissue origins and phenotypes. Cultured human SMCs isolated from different vascular and non-vascular tissues as well as fixed human SMC-containing tissues were analyzed. In addition, Raman spectra and images of tissue-engineered SMC constructs were acquired. Routine techniques such as qPCR, histochemistry, histological and immunocytological staining were performed for comparative gene and protein expression analysis. We identified that SMCs of different tissue origins exhibited unique spectral information that allowed a separation of all groups of origin by multivariate data analysis (MVA). We were further able to non-invasively monitor phenotypic switching in cultured SMCs and assess the impact of different culture conditions on extracellular matrix remodeling in the tissue-engineered ring constructs. Interestingly, we identified that the Raman signature of the human SMC-based ring constructs was similar to the one obtained from native aortic tissue. We conclude that Raman microspectroscopic methods are promising tools to characterize cells and define cellular and extracellular matrix components on a molecular level. In this study, in situ measurements were marker-independent, fast, and identified cellular differences that were not detectable by established routine techniques. Perspectively, Raman microspectroscopy and MVA in combination with artificial intelligence can be suitable for automated quality monitoring of (stem) cell and cell-based tissue engineering products. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The accessibility of autologous blood vessels for surgery is limited. Tissue engineering (TE) aims to develop functional vascular replacements; however, no commercially available TE vascular graft (TEVG) exists to date. One limiting factor is the availability of a well-characterized and safe cell source. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are generally used for TEVGs. To engineer a TEVG, proliferating SMCs of the synthesizing phenotype are essential, whereas functional, sustainable TEVGs require SMCs of the contractile phenotype. SMC diversity and plasticity are therefore limiting factors, also for their quality monitoring and application in TE. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy and imaging combined with machine learning tools allowed the non-destructive, marker-independent characterization of SMCs, smooth muscle tissues and TE SMC-constructs. The spectral information was specific enough to distinguish for the first time the phenotypic switching in SMCs in real-time, and monitor the impact of culture conditions on ECM remodeling in the TE SMC-constructs.
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Tang GL, Weitz K. Impaired arteriogenesis in syndecan-1(-/-) mice. J Surg Res 2014; 193:22-7. [PMID: 25194470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collateral artery development (arteriogenesis) is an important compensatory response to arterial occlusion caused by atherosclerosis. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (sdc1) has previously been shown to affect the response to arterial injury but has yet been studied in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that sdc1 knockout (sdc1(-/-)) mice would revascularize more poorly than wild type (wt) mice, and then used bone marrow transplantation experiments to determine whether sdc1's effect on arteriogenesis was due to its presence in the local tissue environment or in bone marrow derived cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hindlimb ischemia was induced by femoral artery ligation in wt and sdc1(-/-) female mice as well as in wt and sdc1(-/-) female mice transplanted with wt bone marrow or in wt mice transplanted with sdc1(-/-) bone marrow. Blood flow recovery was assessed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Arteriogenesis was assessed by measuring the diameter of the dominant collateral pathway after pressure perfusion fixation and intra-aortic contrast injection at 28 d. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess angiogenesis and peri-collateral macrophage infiltration at 7 d, postoperatively. RESULTS Sdc1(-/-) mice had impaired blood flow recovery in response to hindlimb ischemia. This impaired recovery was not secondary to a defect in capillary angiogenesis nor was it due to decreased peri-collateral macrophage infiltration. Wt bone marrow did not rescue the impaired recovery of sdc1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Sdc1 affects arteriogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia and is required in the local tissue environment for normal arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gale L Tang
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Kevin Weitz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Xiao J, Angsana J, Wen J, Smith SV, Park PW, Ford ML, Haller CA, Chaikof EL. Syndecan-1 displays a protective role in aortic aneurysm formation by modulating T cell-mediated responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 32:386-96. [PMID: 22173227 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.242198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation drives progressive and pathological remodeling inherent to formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that displays the capacity to modulate inflammatory processes within the vascular wall. In the current investigation, the role of Sdc-1 in AAA formation was examined using 2 models of experimental aneurysm induction, angiotensin II infusion and elastase perfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Sdc-1 deficiency exacerbated AAA formation in both experimental models and was associated with increased degradation of elastin, greater protease activity, and enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment into the aortic wall. Bone marrow transplantation studies indicated that deficiency of Sdc-1 in marrow-derived cells significantly contributed to AAA severity. Immunostaining revealed augmented Sdc-1 expression in a subset of AAA localized macrophages. We specifically characterized a higher percentage of CD4(+) T cells in Sdc-1-deficient AAA, and antibody depletion studies established the active role of T cells in aneurysmal dilatation. Finally, we confirmed the ability of Sdc-1 macrophage to modulate the inflammatory chemokine environment. CONCLUSIONS These investigations identify cross-talk between Sdc-1-expressing macrophages and AAA-localized CD4(+) T cells, with Sdc-1 providing an important counterbalance to T-cell-driven inflammation in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Xiao
- BIDMC, 110 Francis St, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215 or Carolyn A. Haller, PhD, BIDMC, 110 Francis St, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Sazonova OV, Lee KL, Isenberg BC, Rich CB, Nugent MA, Wong JY. Cell-cell interactions mediate the response of vascular smooth muscle cells to substrate stiffness. Biophys J 2011; 101:622-30. [PMID: 21806930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vessel wall experiences progressive stiffening with age and the development of cardiovascular disease, which alters the micromechanical environment experienced by resident vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In vitro studies have shown that VSMCs are sensitive to substrate stiffness, but the exact molecular mechanisms of their response to stiffness remains unknown. Studies have also shown that cell-cell interactions can affect mechanotransduction at the cell-substrate interface. Using flexible substrates, we show that the expression of proteins associated with cell-matrix adhesion and cytoskeletal tension is regulated by substrate stiffness, and that an increase in cell density selectively attenuates some of these effects. We also show that cell-cell interactions exert a strong effect on cell morphology in a substrate-stiffness dependent manner. Collectively, the data suggest that as VSMCs form cell-cell contacts, substrate stiffness becomes a less potent regulator of focal adhesion signaling. This study provides insight into the mechanisms by which VSMCs respond to the mechanical environment of the blood vessel wall, and point to cell-cell interactions as critical mediators of VSMC response to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Sazonova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wu G, Chen T, Shahsafaei A, Hu W, Bronson RT, Shi GP, Halperin JA, Aktas H, Qin X. Complement regulator CD59 protects against angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Circulation 2010; 121:1338-46. [PMID: 20212283 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.844589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement system, an innate immunity, has been well documented to play a critical role in many inflammatory diseases. However, the role of complement in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is considered an immune and inflammatory disease, remains obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we evaluated the pathogenic roles of complement membrane attack complex and CD59, a key regulator that inhibits the membrane attack complex, in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. We demonstrated that in the angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm model, deficiency of the membrane attack complex regulator CD59 in ApoE-null mice (mCd59ab(-/-)/ApoE(-/-)) accelerated the disease development, whereas transgenic overexpression of human CD59 (hCD59(ICAM-2+/-)/ApoE(-/-)) in this model attenuated the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The severity of aneurysm among these 3 groups positively correlates with C9 deposition, and/or the activities of MMP2 and MMP9, and/or the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Fos, IKK-alpha/beta, and p65. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the membrane attack complex directly induced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in vitro, which required activation of the activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results defined the protective role of CD59 and shed light on the important pathogenic role of the membrane attack complex in abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxiong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA
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Asplund A, Östergren-Lundén G, Camejo G, Stillemark-Billton P, Bondjers G. Hypoxia increases macrophage motility, possibly by decreasing the heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:381-8. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0908536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Lu H, Rateri DL, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in aortic aneurysmal diseases. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10:99-106. [PMID: 18474175 PMCID: PMC2846534 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-008-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system has been invoked in the development of both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. This has been demonstrated experimentally by the chronic subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II, which consistently leads to development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in mice. Angiotensin II-induced AAAs have highly heterogenous cellular and extracellular matrix characteristics throughout the aorta that change markedly with infusion duration. The mechanistic basis for the reproducible location of AAA development has not been elucidated, but many insights have been provided, especially regarding receptor and inflammatory mechanisms. A recent clinical study provided limited evidence for extrapolating these results to mechanisms of human AAAs. Experimental evidence has also demonstrated that antagonism of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors prevents ascending aortic aneurysms in a murine model of Marfan's syndrome. A clinical study is currently ongoing to demonstrate the efficacy of AT1 receptor antagonism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Debra L. Rateri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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