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Qi M, Su X, Li Z, Huang H, Wang J, Lin N, Kong X. Bibliometric analysis of research progress on tetramethylpyrazine and its effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108656. [PMID: 38735486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, natural products have attracted worldwide attention and become one of the most important resources for pharmacological industries and medical sciences to identify novel drug candidates for disease treatment. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., which has shown great therapeutic potential in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver and renal injury, as well as cancer. In this review, we analyzed 1270 papers published on the Web of Science Core Collection from 2002 to 2022 and found that TMP exerted significant protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that is the cause of pathological damages in a variety of conditions, such as ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, and liver transplantation. TMP is limited in clinical applications to some extent due to its rapid metabolism, a short biological half-life and poor bioavailability. Obviously, the structural modification, administration methods and dosage forms of TMP need to be further investigated in order to improve its bioavailability. This review summarizes the clinical applications of TMP, elucidates its potential mechanisms in protecting I/R injury, provides strategies to improve bioavailability, which presents a comprehensive understanding of the important compound. Hopefully, the information and knowledge from this review can help researchers and physicians to better improve the applications of TMP in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaohui Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhuohang Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Helan Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Otani M, Kushida Y, Kuroda Y, Wakao S, Oguma Y, Sasaki K, Katahira S, Terai R, Ryoke R, Nonaka H, Kawashima R, Saiki Y, Dezawa M. New rat model of spinal cord infarction with long-lasting functional disabilities generated by intraspinal injection of endothelin-1. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002962. [PMID: 38906547 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current method for generating an animal model of spinal cord (SC) infarction is highly invasive and permits only short-term observation, typically limited to 28 days. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish a rat model characterised by long-term survival and enduring SC dysfunction by inducing selective ischaemic SC damage. METHODS In 8-week-old male Wistar rats, a convection-enhanced delivery technique was applied to selectively deliver endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the anterior horn of the SC at the Th13 level, leading to SC infarction. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score was assessed for 56 days. The SC was examined by a laser tissue blood flowmeter, MRI, immunohistochemistry, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Western blots and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The puncture method was used to bilaterally inject 0.7 µL ET-1 (2.5 mg/mL) from the lateral SC into the anterior horns (40° angle, 1.5 mm depth) near the posterior root origin. Animals survived until day 56 and the BBB score was stably maintained (5.5±1.0 at day 14 and 6.2±1.0 at day 56). Rats with BBB scores ≤1 on day 1 showed stable scores of 5-6 after day 14 until day 56 while rats with BBB scores >1 on day 1 exhibited only minor dysfunction with BBB scores >12 after day 14. TTC staining, immunostaining and TUNEL staining revealed selective ischaemia and neuronal cell death in the anterior horn. T2-weighted MR images showed increasing signal intensity at the SC infarction site over time. Western blots revealed apoptosis and subsequent inflammation in SC tissue after ET-1 administration. CONCLUSIONS Selective delivery of ET-1 into the SC allows for more precise localisation of the infarcted area at the targeted site and generates a rat SC infarction model with stable neurological dysfunction lasting 56 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Otani
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kuroda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yo Oguma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Katahira
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Rie Ryoke
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroi Nonaka
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Feng F, Xu DQ, Yue SJ, Chen YY, Tang YP. Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:159. [PMID: 38252346 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the global increase in aging populations and changes in modern lifestyles, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, neuropsychiatrcic conditions, and related ailments is rising, placing an increasing burden on the global public health system. MATERIALS AND METHODS All studies on tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and its derivatives were obtained from reputable sources such as PubMed, Elsevier, Library Genesis, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive data on TMP and its derivatives was meticulously compiled. RESULTS This comprehensive analysis explains the neuroprotective effects demonstrated by TMP and its derivatives in diseases of the central nervous system. These compounds exert their influence on various targets and signaling pathways, playing crucial roles in the development of various central nervous system diseases. Their multifaceted mechanisms include inhibiting oxidative damage, inflammation, cell apoptosis, calcium overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSION This review provides a brief summary of the most recent advancements in research on TMP and its derivatives in the context of central nervous system diseases. It involves synthesizing analogs of TMP and evaluating their effectiveness in models of central nervous system diseases. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the practical application of TMP and its derivatives in the future treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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Xie L, Wu H, Shi W, Zhang J, Huang X, Yu T. Melatonin Exerts an Anti-Panoptoic Role in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injured Rats. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300424. [PMID: 37786299 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Paraplegia is a serious consequence of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (SCIR) injury, which leads to neuron death and permanent loss of motor function. However, there is no effective treatment for SCIR. Melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis) is the primary cause of the massive neural death in SCIR is unknown, and if melatonin exhibits anti-PANoptotic effect in rescuing the disastrous damage is to be decided. This study indicates that melatonin confers neuroprotection in SCIR, attenuating the loss of Nissl body and improving Basso, Beattie & Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores. Specifically, the apoptotic hallmarks in neurons are increased in SCIR injured spinal cord compared to the sham group. The upregulated trend is reversed by melatonin while the effect of melatonin is abolished by the administration of luzindole, a selective melatonin receptor antagonist. Moreover, similar patterns are found in the necroptotic markers in neurons, the pyroptotic indicators, and the interleukin-1β staining in microglia. In conclusion, PANoptosis may underlie the mass neural death and paraplegia in SCIR, and melatonin confers neuroprotection to the spinal cord via inhibiting PANoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weipeng Shi
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Institute of Traumatic Orthopedics, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266071, China
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Arıkök AT, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Altun SA, Ünlüler C, Börekci A, Kertmen H, Çelikoğlu E, Gürer B. Cinnamaldehyde has ameliorative effects on rabbit spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury. World Neurosurg X 2024; 21:100254. [PMID: 38148767 PMCID: PMC10750183 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ata Türker Arıkök
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, Lokman Hekim University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Akyıldız Altun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Ünlüler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Börekci
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ozaydin D, Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Türe D, Bozkurt H, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Arıkök AT, Kertmen H, Gürer B. Mildronate Has Ameliorative Effects on the Experimental Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model in the Rabbit Spinal Cord. World Neurosurg 2023; 173:e717-e726. [PMID: 36889637 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mildronate is a useful anti-ischemic agent and has antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of mildronate in the experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model. METHODS Rabbits were randomized into 5 groups of 8 animals as groups 1 (control), 2 (ischemia), 3 (vehicle), 4 (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone [MP]), and 5 (100 mg/kg mildronate). The control group underwent only laparotomy. The other groups have the spinal cord ischemia model by a 20-minute aortic occlusion just caudal to the renal artery. The malondialdehyde and catalase levels and caspase-3, myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidase activities were investigated. Neurologic, histopathologic, and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed. RESULTS The serum and tissue myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and caspase-3 values of the ischemia and vehicle groups were statistically significantly higher than those of the MP and mildronate groups (P < 0.001). Serum and tissue catalase values of the ischemia and vehicle groups were statistically significantly lower than those of the control, MP, and mildronate groups (P < 0.001). The histopathologic evaluation showed a statistically significantly lower score in the mildronate and MP groups than in the ischemia and vehicle groups (P < 0.001). The modified Tarlov scores of the ischemia and vehicle groups were statistically significantly lower than those of the control, MP, and mildronate groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study presented the antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects of mildronate on SCIRI. Future studies will elucidate its possible use in clinical settings in SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Ozaydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Durukan Türe
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Lokman Hekim University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Türker Arıkök
- University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li G, Sng KS, Shu B, Wang YJ, Yao M, Cui XJ. Effects of tetramethylpyrazine treatment in a rat model of spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175524. [PMID: 36803629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disabling condition that leads to the loss of motor, sensory, and excretory functions, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and imposing a heavy burden on the patient's family and society. There is currently a lack of effective treatments for SCI. However, a large number of experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP). We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effects of TMP on neurological and motor function recovery in rats with acute SCI. English (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM) databases were searched for literature related to TMP treatment in rats with SCI published until October 2022. Two researchers independently read the included studies, extracted the data, and evaluated their quality. A total of 29 studies were included, and a risk of bias assessment revealed that the methodological quality of the included studies was low. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB; n = 429, pooled mean difference [MD] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67 to 4.22, p < 0.00001) and inclined plane test (n = 133, pooled MD = 5.60, 95% CI = 3.78 to 7.41, p < 0.00001) scores of rats treated with TMP were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 days after SCI. TMP treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA; n = 128, pooled MD = -2.03, 95% CI = -3.47 to -0.58, p < 0.00001) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD; n = 128, pooled MD = 5.02, 95% CI = 2.39 to 7.65, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis indicated that different doses of TMP did not improve the BBB scale and inclined plane test angles. In conclusion, this review showed that TMP can improve SCI outcomes; however, in view of the limitations of the included studies, larger and high-quality studies are required for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kim Sia Sng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bing Shu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Min S, Tao W, Ding D, Zhang X, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao K, Liu S, Li L, Hou M, Li Y. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates acute lung injury by regulating the Rac1/LIMK1 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1005014. [PMID: 36686718 PMCID: PMC9859661 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1005014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a respiratory disorder characterized by severe inflammation of the alveoli and lung parenchyma. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the main active compound in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (LC), can protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Our study aimed to investigate how TMP protects the endothelial cell barrier in pulmonary capillaries. We administered TMP intraperitoneally at different doses and found that acute lung injury in mice was improved, but not in a dose-dependent manner. TMP toxicity was tested in vitro. We observed that LPS-induced cytoskeletal remodeling was inhibited by TMP. Murine ALI was induced as follows: For the 1st hit, LPS (2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally; after 16 h, for the 2nd hit, LPS (4 mg/kg) was instilled intratracheally. The mice in treatment groups had TMP or dexamethasone administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the 1st hit and 30 min past the 2nd hit. Mice were euthanized 24 h after the last injecting. We measured protein and mRNA levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. The ultrastructural analysis was performed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the cytoskeleton was observed by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect protein expression in the Rac1/LIMK1/ZO-1/occludin signal pathway. The results showed that TMP treatment decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviated LPS-induced damage in lung tissue. Also, TMP significantly inhibited the Rac1/LIMK1/ZO-1/occludin signaling pathway. Our findings show that using TMP during sepsis can protect the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell barrier and suppress inflammation. Therefore, TMP may have a promising therapeutic role in preventing acute lung injury from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Min
- School of medicine and health engineering, Changzhou university, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Weiting Tao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Dushan Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shidi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Kefei Gao
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Saisai Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of medicine and health engineering, Changzhou university, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Yan Li,
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Chen F, Wang D, Jiang Y, Ma H, Li X, Wang H. Dexmedetomidine postconditioning alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, microglia activation, reactive gliosis and CXCL13/CXCR5 axis activation. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1-12. [PMID: 33499703 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1881089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unresolved complication and its mechanisms are still not completely understood. Here, we studied the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) postconditioning against spinal cord I/R injury in rats and explored the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, I/R group, DEX0.5 group, DEX2.5 group, and DEX5 group. I/R injury was induced in experimental rats; 0.5 μg/kg, 2.5 μg/kg, 5 μg/kg DEX were intravenously injected upon reperfusion respectively. Neurological function, histological assessment, and the disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) were evaluated via the BBB scoring, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Evans Blue (EB) extravasation and spinal cord edema, respectively. Neutrophil infiltration was evaluated via Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Microglia activation and reactive gliosis was evaluated via ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1(IBA-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence, respectively. The expression of C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5(CXCR5), caspase-3 was determined by western blotting. The expression levels of interleukin 6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-1β were determined by ELISA assay. RESULTS DEX postconditioning preserved neurological assessment scores, improved histological assessment scores, attenuated BSCB leakage after spinal cord I/R injury. Neutrophil infiltration, microglia activation and reactive gliosis were also inhibited by DEX postconditioning. The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β were reduced by DEX postconditioning. CONCLUSIONS DEX postconditioning alleviated spinal cord I/R injury, which might be mediated via inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, microglia activation, reactive gliosis and CXCL13/CXCR5 axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshou Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Gülmez A, Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Tönge Ç, Yaprak A, Türkoğlu ME, Önder E, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Gürer B, Kertmen H. Neuroprotective Effects of Dexpanthenol on Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model. World Neurosurg 2022; 167:e172-e183. [PMID: 35948219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexpanthenol (DXP) reportedly protects tissues against oxidative damage in various inflammation models. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and neurological recovery in an experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model. METHODS Rabbits were randomized into 5 groups of 8 animals each: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (vehicle), group 4 (methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg), and group 5 (DXP, 500 mg/kg). The control group underwent laparotomy only, whereas other groups were subjected to spinal cord ischemia by aortic occlusion (just caudal to the 2 renal arteries) for 20 min. After 24 h, a modified Tarlov scale was employed to record neurological examination results. Malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and catalase and myeloperoxidase activities were analyzed in tissue and serum samples. Xanthine oxidase activity was measured in the serum. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed in the spinal cord. RESULTS After SCIRI, serum and tissue malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and myeloperoxidase and serum xanthine oxidase activities were increased (P < 0.05-0.001). However, serum and tissue catalase activity decreased significantly (P < 0.001). DXP treatment was associated with lower malondialdehyde and caspase-3 levels and reduced myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities but increased catalase activity (P < 0.05-0.001). Furthermore, DXP was associated with better histopathological, ultrastructural, and neurological outcome scores. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects of DXP on SCIRI. Further experimental and clinical investigations are warranted to confirm that DXP can be administered to treat SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gülmez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Çağhan Tönge
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaprak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Erhan Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Önder
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Huang Z, Wang J, Li C, Zheng W, He J, Wu Z, Tang J. Application of natural antioxidants from traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976757. [PMID: 36278149 PMCID: PMC9579378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central nervous system disease, caused by physical traumas. With the characteristic of high disability rate, catastrophic dysfunction, and enormous burden on the patient’s family, SCI has become a tough neurological problem without efficient treatments. Contemporarily, the pathophysiology of SCI comprises complicated and underlying mechanisms, in which oxidative stress (OS) may play a critical role in contributing to a cascade of secondary injuries. OS substantively leads to ion imbalance, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial disorder, and neuronal dysfunction. Hence, seeking the therapeutic intervention of alleviating OS and appropriate antioxidants is an essential clinical strategy. Previous studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects on alleviating SCI. Notably, the antioxidant effects of some metabolites and compounds of TCM have obtained numerous verifications, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI. This review aims at investigating the mechanisms of OS in SCI and highlighting some TCM with antioxidant capacity used in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Huang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun Li
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Weihong Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Junyuan He
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Ziguang Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianbang Tang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbang Tang,
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12
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Liu Y, Yang G, Cui W, Zhang Y, Liang X. Regulatory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on central nervous system diseases: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:948600. [PMID: 36133805 PMCID: PMC9483103 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.948600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can lead to motor, sensory, speech, cognitive dysfunction, and sometimes even death. These diseases are recognized to cause a substantial socio-economic impact on a global scale. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum striatum DC. (Chuan Xiong). Many in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that TMP has a certain role in the treatment of CNS diseases through inhibiting calcium ion overload and glutamate excitotoxicity, anti-oxidative/nitrification stress, mitigating inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitating synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of action of TMP on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairments, migraine, and depression. Our review will provide new insights into the clinical applications of TMP and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunling Zhang, ; Xiao Liang,
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunling Zhang, ; Xiao Liang,
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13
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Bukhari SNA, Yogesh R. An Overview of Tetramethylpyrazine (Ligustrazine) and its Derivatives as
Potent Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220405232333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), or ligustrazine, is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb
Ligusticum wallichii. It is known for its broad-spectrum medicinal properties against several diseases, and
various studies have shown that it can modulate diverse biological targets and signaling pathways to produce
neuroprotective effects, especially against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This has attracted significant
research attention evaluating TMP as a potent multitarget anti-AD agent. This review compiles the results
of studies assessing the neuroprotective mechanisms exerted by TMP as well as its derivatives prepared
using a multi-target-directed ligand strategy to explore its multitarget modulating properties. The present
review also highlights the work done on the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms
of some potent TMP derivatives that have shown promising anti-AD activities. These derivatives
were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to develop anti-AD molecules with enhanced biological and
pharmacokinetic activities compared to TMP. This review article paves the way for the exploration and
development of TMP and TMP derivatives as an effective treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruchika Yogesh
- 22 A3, DS Tower 1, Sukhumvit Soi 33, Khlong Tan Nuea, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2431-2444. [PMID: 35665448 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is an important complication observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is known to exhibit anti-diabetic and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of TMP against type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in rats. High-fat diet (HFD) followed by a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats. TMP (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) and Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) were administered for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and novel objective recognition task (NOR) tests were used to assess memory function. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, HOMA-IR, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glucose tolerance were measured. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetytransferase (ChAT) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) levels, oxidative stress, apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-kβ) were assessed. BDNF, p-AKT, and p-CREB levels were also measured. In the present work, we observed that treatment of diabetic rats with TMP alleviated learning and memory deficits, improved insulin sensitivity, and attenuated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, treatment with TMP increased BDNF, p-Akt, and p-CREB levels, normalized cholinergic dysfunction, and suppressed oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the hippocampus. Collectively, our results suggest that the TMP may be an effective neuroprotective agent in alleviating type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive deficits.
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Sesamol Attenuates Neuroinflammation by Regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF- κB Signaling Pathway after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8010670. [PMID: 35035666 PMCID: PMC8758308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8010670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the crucial mechanisms mediating spinal cord injury (SCI) progress. Sesamol, a component of sesame oil, has anti-inflammatory activity, but its mechanism in SCI remains unclear. We investigated if the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway participated in anti-inflammation of sesamol in SCI. Sesamol could inhibit neuronal apoptosis, reduce neuroinflammation, enhance M2 phenotype microglial polarization, and improved motor function recovery in mice after SCI. Furthermore, sesamol increased SIRT1 protein expression and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, while it downregulated the p-p65/p65 ratio, indicating that sesamol treatment upregulated the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and inhibited NF-κB activation. However, these effects were blocked by compound C which is a specific AMPK inhibitor. Together, the study suggests that sesamol is a potential drug for antineuroinflammation and improving locomotor functional recovery through regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in SCI.
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Research Trends, Hot Spots, and Prospects for Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Field of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:4548367. [PMID: 35003301 PMCID: PMC8731293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4548367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most common phenomena in ischemic disease or processes that causes progressive disability or even death. It has a major impact on global public health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of application in ischemic diseases and has significant clinical effect. Numerous studies have shown that the formulas or single herbs in TCM have specific roles in regulating oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting cell apoptosis, etc., in I/R injury. We used bibliometrics to quantitatively analyze the global output of publications on TCM in the field of I/R injury published in the period 2001–2021 to identify research hotspots and prospects. We included 446 related documents published in the Web of Science during 2001–2021. Visualization analysis revealed that the number of publications related to TCM in the field of I/R injury has increased year by year, reaching a peak in 2020. China is the country with the largest number of publications. Keywords and literature analyses demonstrated that neuroregeneration is likely one of the research hotspots and future directions of research in the field. Taken together, our findings suggest that although the inherent limitations of bibliometrics may affect the accuracy of the literature-based prediction of research hotspots, the results obtained from the included publications can provide a reference for the study of TCM in the field of I/R injury.
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Wu X, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Neuroinflammation and Modulation Role of Natural Products After Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5713-5737. [PMID: 34764668 PMCID: PMC8576359 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic injury of the central nervous system, characterized by neurological dysfunction and locomotor disability. Although the underlying pathological mechanism of SCI is complex and remains unclear, the important role of neuroinflammation has been gradually unveiled in recent years. The inflammation process after SCI involves disruption of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB), activation of gliocytes, infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and feedback loops between different cells. Thus, our first aim is to illustrate pathogenesis, related cells and factors of neuroinflammation after SCI in this review. Due to the good bioactivity of natural products derived from plants and medicinal herbs, these widely exist as food, health-care products and drugs in our lives. In the inflammation after SCI, multiple natural products exert satisfactory effects. Therefore, the second aim of this review is to sum up the effects and mechanisms of 25 natural compounds and 7 extracts derived from plants or medicinal herbs on neuroinflammation after SCI. Clarification of the SCI inflammation mechanism and a summary of the related natural products is helpful for in-depth research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
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Jing W, Zhang T, Jiang W, Zhang T. Neuroprotective effect of neuregulin-1β on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 44:583-589. [PMID: 30977715 PMCID: PMC8288142 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1600837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to see if neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) plays a protective role in spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury (SCII).Design: Animal research.Setting: China.Participants: NA.Interventions: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 16), SCII model group (n = 16) and NRG-1β-treated group (n = 16). In control group, the abdominal aorta was isolated but not clipped. The rats in NRG-1β-treated group were treated with 10μg/kg NRG-1β during developing SCII model.Outcome Measures: Neurological scores were evaluated. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after the reperfusion, rats were killed. Pathological changes of spinal cord were assessed with HE staining, and immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels were assessed using real-time PCR.Results: NRG-1β reduced the damage of SCII in the rats. The expression of MMP-9 protein and mRNA in NRG-1β treatment group was significantly lower than the model group (P < 0.05) at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after the perfusion. The expression of TIMP-1 protein and mRNA in the treatment group was significantly higher than the model group at 12 h and 24 h after the perfusion.Conclusion: NRG-1β reduced the reperfusion damage in rat model of SCII, in which process MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were probably involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Graduate school, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence to: Wenxue Jiang, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No.24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin300192, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang L, Lu X, Gong L, Cui L, Zhang H, Zhao W, Jiang P, Hou G, Hou Y. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Integrity by Modulating Microglia Polarization Through Activation of STAT3/SOCS3 and Inhibition of NF-кB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:717-731. [PMID: 32424774 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by decreasing glia activation. Activated microglia has been shown to mediate blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, which is a primary and continuous pathological characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, in this study, we further investigated whether TMP protects the BSCB integrity by inhibition of glia activation to alleviate EAE. Extravasation of evans blue was used to detect the BSCB disruption. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interlukine-1β (IL-1β) and interlukine-4 (IL-4)/interlukine-10 (IL-10) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BV2 glial cells stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were co-cultured with human brain microvascular endothelial cells to investigate the effect of TMP on the BSCB disruption. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the microglia phenotype. Western blot was performed to reveal the signaling pathways involved in the microglia activation. In this study, most importantly, we found that TMP protects the BSCB integrity by modulating microglia polarization from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype through activation of STAT3/SOCS3 and inhibition of NF-кB signaling pathways. Moreover, TMP significantly preserves the tight junction proteins, reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and increases the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) from IFN-γ-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. Consequently, protection of the BSCB integrity leads to alleviation of clinical symptoms and demyelination in EAE mice. Therefore, TMP might be an effective therapeutic agent for cerebral disorders with BBB or BSCB disruption, such as ischemic stroke, MS, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlu Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - GuiGe Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
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Jisuikang Promotes the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Regulating NgR/RhoA/ROCK Signal Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9542359. [PMID: 33354226 PMCID: PMC7735860 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9542359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Jisuikang (JSK) is an herbal formula composed of many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to be effective in promoting the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) after more than ten years of clinical application. However, the mechanisms of JSK promoting nerve regeneration are yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of JSK protecting neurons, specifically the regulation of NgR/RhoA/ROCK signal pathway. The motor function of rats was evaluated by the BBB score and inclined plate test, Golgi staining and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the microstructure of nerve tissue, and fluorescence double-labeling method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we found that JSK could improve the motor function of rats with SCI, protect the microstructure (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and dendritic spine) of neurons, and reduce the apoptosis rate of neurons in rats with SCI. In addition, JSK could inhibit the expression of Nogo receptor (NgR) in neurons and the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signal pathway in rats with SCI. These results indicated JSK could improve the motor function of rats with SCI by inhibiting the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signal pathway, which suggests the potential applicability of JSK as a nerve regeneration agent.
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Lu Y, Yang J, Wang X, Ma Z, Li S, Liu Z, Fan X. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110136. [PMID: 32335299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system disorder caused by trauma that has gradually become a major challenge in clinical medical research. As an important branch of worldwide medical research, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is rapidly moving towards a path of reform and innovation. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews research related to existing TCM treatments for SCI, with the aims of identifying deficits and shortcomings within the field, and proposing feasible alternative prospects. METHODS All data and conclusions in this paper were obtained from articles published by peers in relevant fields. PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles. Results regarding TCM for SCI were identified and retrieved, then manually classified and selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS The literature search identified a total of 652 articles regarding TCM for SCI. Twenty-eight treatments (16 active ingredients, nine herbs, and three compound prescriptions) were selected from these articles; the treatments have been used for the prevention and treatment of SCI. In general, these treatments involved antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and/or antiapoptotic effects of TCM compounds. CONCLUSIONS This paper showed that TCM treatments can serve as promising auxiliary therapies for functional recovery of patients with SCI. These findings will contribute to the development of diversified treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Lanzhou First People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Duan Y, An W, Wu Y, Wang J. Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation levels and the apoptosis of LPS‑stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the downregulation of miR‑302b. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1918-1926. [PMID: 32236610 PMCID: PMC7169953 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the main cause of tooth or tissue loss. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), which have high proliferative, self-renewal and multi-differentiation abilities, are vital for the restoration of periodontitis-induced injuries. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), is a promising agent used for the protection of PDLSCs from apoptosis and inflammation induced by periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TMP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated hPDLSCs. LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs were established as the cell model. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate cell viability, western blot analysis was performed to measure protein expression and flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis levels. Detection kits were used to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect gene expression. TMP alleviated the effects of LPS on cell viability, inflammation levels and cell apoptosis. TMP downregulated microRNA (miR)-302b levels in LPS-stimulated cells. Transfection with miR-302b mimic reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of TMP on LPS-stimulated cells. TMP reduced inflammation and the apoptosis of LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the downregulation of miR-302b. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects exerted by TMP render it a promising agent for the protection of PDLSCs from injuries induced by periodontitis. The findings of the present study may aid in the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and may pave the way for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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Liu SP, Shibu MA, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Tsai CH, Chung JG, Yang JS, Tang CH, Wang S, Li Q, Huang CY. Tetramethylpyrazine reverses high-glucose induced hypoxic effects by negatively regulating HIF-1α induced BNIP3 expression to ameliorate H9c2 cardiomyoblast apoptosis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32021640 PMCID: PMC6995207 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic patients are highly vulnerable to hypoxic injury, which is associated with hypoxia induced BNIP3 expression that subsequently activate apoptosis. Our previous research show that Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a food flavoring agent, represses the hypoxia induced BNIP3 expression attenuate myocardial apoptosis. In this study, we evaluate the effect of TMP to provide protection against hypoxia aggravated high-glucose associated cellular apoptosis. Methods The cytoprotective effect of TMP against high glucose induced cellular damages was determined on embryo derived H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells that were subjected to 5% hypoxia for 24 h and subjected to different duration of 33 mM high glucose challenge. Further, the involvement of HIF-1α and BNIP3 in cellular damage and the mechanism of protection of TMP were determined by overexpression and silencing HIF-1α and BNIP3 protein expression. Results The results show that hypoxic effects on cell viability aggravates with high glucose challenge and this augmentative effect is mediated through BNIP3 in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. However, TMP administration effectively reversed the augmented HIF-1α levels and BNIP3 elevation. TMP improved the survival of H9c2 cells and effectively suppressed apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Further comparison on the effects of TMP on H9c2 cells challenged with high glucose and those challenged with hypoxia show that TMP precisely regulated the hypoxic intensified apoptotic effects in high-glucose condition. Conclusion The results clearly show that flavoring agent-TMP attenuates cytotoxicity amplified by hypoxia challenge in high glucose condition by destabilizing HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- 1Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- 2College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan.,4China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- 5Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- 4China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- 5Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- 6Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- 7Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shulin Wang
- 8Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong China
| | - Qiaowen Li
- 8Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518 Guangdong China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- 2College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,7Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,9Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ligustrazine ameliorates acute kidney injury through downregulation of NOD2‑mediated inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:731-742. [PMID: 31985025 PMCID: PMC7015130 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligustrazine has been used to alleviate clinical acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In order to further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying its occurrence, the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 (NOD2) in AKI was investigated in the present study, and the results indicated that ligustrazine exerts an important protective effect against AKI in vivo by inhibiting the upregulation of NOD2 expression and reducing apoptosis of kidney cells following ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat models. Furthermore, the inhibitory role of ligustrazine on the upregulation of NOD2 and apoptosis of kidney cells induced by CoCl2 and oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation was investigated in in vitro experiments. The effect of ligustrazine on NOD2 downregulation was partially blocked by inhibiting autophagy. To the best of our knowledge, the results of the present study are the first to provide evidence that ligustrazine can inhibit NOD2-mediated inflammation to protect against renal injury, which may be in part attributed to the induction of autophagy. These findings may help design and develop new approaches and therapeutic strategies for AKI to prevent the deterioration of renal function.
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Zhou Z, Han B, Jin H, Chen A, Zhu L. Changes in long non-coding RNA transcriptomic profiles after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat spinal cord. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8293. [PMID: 31934506 PMCID: PMC6951290 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of exploring expression profiles and biological functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNAs after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in rat spinal cords were identified following SCII through high-throughput RNA sequencing. In total, 1,455 lncRNAs and 6,707 mRNAs were observed to be differentially expressed (—Fold Change— ≥ 2 and P < 0.05) after SCII, including 761 up-regulated and 694 down-regulated lncRNAs, 3,772 up-regulated and 2,935 down-regulated mRNAs. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were implicated in many different biological processes and pathways. Further, lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks were built to explore the potential roles of these DElncRNAs. Our results demonstrate genome-wide lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns in spinal cords after SCII, which may play vital roles in post-SCII pathophysiological processes. These findings are important for future functional research on the lncRNAs involved in SCII and might be critical for providing new insight into identification of potential targets for SCII therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, 202 Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
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The Importance of Natural Antioxidants in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Animal Models: An Overview. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3642491. [PMID: 32676138 PMCID: PMC7336207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3642491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) face devastating health, social, and financial consequences, as well as their families and caregivers. Reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are essential strategies for SCI treatment. Some compounds from traditional medicine could be useful to decrease ROS generated after SCI. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of some natural compounds with antioxidant capacity used in traditional medicine to treat traumatic SCI. An electronic search of published articles describing animal models of SCI treated with natural compounds from traditional medicine was conducted using the following terms: Spinal Cord Injuries (MeSH terms) AND Models, Animal (MeSH terms) AND [Reactive Oxygen Species (MeSH terms) AND/OR Oxidative Stress (MeSH term)] AND Medicine, Traditional (MeSH terms). Articles reported from 2010 to 2018 were included. The results were further screened by title and abstract for studies performed in rats, mice, and nonhuman primates. The effects of these natural compounds are discussed, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of natural compounds were emphasized since oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the generation and progression of several pathologies of the nervous system. The use of these compounds diminishes toxic effects due to their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds have been tested in animal models with promising results; however, no clinical studies have been conducted in humans. Further research of these natural compounds is crucial to a better understanding of their effects in patients with SCI.
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Zhang X, Dong H, Liu Y, Han J, Tang S, Si J. Retracted: Tetramethylpyrazine partially relieves hypoxia-caused damage of cardiomyocytes H9c2 by downregulation of miR-449a. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15098-15107. [PMID: 30770559 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate oxygen supply is probably one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyocyte damage in ischemic heart disease. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP, also known as ligustrazine) is the main active ingredient isolated from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. A previous study reported that the TMP could exert cardioprotective activity. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of the protective effects of TMP on cardiomyocyte damage caused by hypoxia. The viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes H9c2 were detected using cell counting kit-8 assay and annexin V-FITC/PI staining, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the expression level of microRNA-449a (miR-449a). Cell transfection was performed to upregulate the expression level of miR-449a or downregulate the expression level of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). The protein expression levels of Sirt1 and key factors involved in cell apoptosis and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase 3 (PI3K/AKT) pathway were evaluated using western blot analysis. We found that the hypoxia incubation inhibited H9c2 viability, induced cell apoptosis, and inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway. TMP treatment partially relieved the hypoxia-caused H9c2 cell viability loss and apoptosis, as well as reversed the hypoxia-caused inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, TMP partially alleviated the upregulation of miR-449a in H9c2 cells caused by hypoxia. Overexpression of miR-449a weakened the effects of TMP on hypoxia-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, Sirt1 was a target gene of miR-449a. Knockdown of Sirt1 also weakened the effects of TMP on hypoxia-treated H9c2 cells. In conclusion, TMP partially relieved hypoxia-caused cardiomyocytes H9c2 viability loss and apoptosis at least through downregulating miR-499a, upregulating Sirt1, and then activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Huawei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Junxia Han
- Department of Cardiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Shouyi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Jingna Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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Michel HE, Menze ET. Tetramethylpyrazine guards against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB and activating Nrf2 and PPAR-γ signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172422. [PMID: 31152701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury is the most common and serious side effect, sometimes requiring discontinuation of the treatment. Thus, the development of new protective strategies is essential. The present study aimed to investigate the potential nephroprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against acute renal damage induced by cisplatin in rats. Rats were administered 50 and 100 mg/kg TMP intraperitoneally before cisplatin (7 mg/kg). Acute nephrotoxicity was evident in cisplatin-treated rats where relative kidney weight, BUN and serum creatinine were markedly elevated. Cisplatin administration resulted in enhanced oxidative stress, evidenced by depleted GSH level as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Also, lipid peroxidation was boosted in comparison to the control. This was associated with inhibition of Nrf2 defense pathway. Moreover, cisplatin increased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the kidney tissues. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis was depicted by elevated Bax mRNA expression and caspase-3 activity, as well as decreased Bcl2 mRNA expression. In addition, high mobility group box 1/toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway was significantly upregulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) expression was significantly diminished in cisplatin-treated rats. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and the effect on Nrf2 defense pathway and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB as well as PPAR-γ expression were markedly ameliorated by TMP administration. Given the major nephrotoxicity of cisplatin cancer chemotherapy, TMP might be a potential candidate for neoadjuvant chemotherapy due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, in addition to its effect on Nrf2, HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and PPAR-γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hua Y, Xu N, Ma T, Liu Y, Xu H, Lu Y. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia Injury via Cyclooxygenase-2 Suppression. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:84-92. [PMID: 30625493 DOI: 10.1159/000495466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) is a devastating complication following thoracoabdominal aortic surgeries, often leading to severe neurological deficits. We sought to examine the effects of lycopene, a naturally existing carotenoid with anti-inflammatory properties, in the treatment against SCII. METHODS Rats were assigned into four treatment groups: Sham (sham operation), SCII (SCII-induction), LY25, and LY50 (lycopene treatment at 25 or 50 mg/kg following SCII induction, respectively). RESULTS Lycopene treatment improved the recovery of neurological functions following SCII and suppressed the neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation at 14 days after SCII. Furthermore, Western blot assay revealed that lycopene treatment attenuated the SCII-induced increase in the protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB, and activate protein-1, as well as the reduction of heme oxygenase-1. CONCLUSION Lycopene exerted neuroprotective functions in SCII and inhibited SCII-elicited neuroinflammation via COX-2 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hua
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Nanfei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunnan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China,
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Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) ameliorates corneal neovascularization via regulating cell infiltration into cornea after alkali burn. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1041-1051. [PMID: 30551354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)-medicated inhibition of corneal neovascularization (CNV). Our data showed that TMP could effectively downregulate the expression levels of CXCR4 mRNA and protein, as well as inhibit HUVECs, endothelial cells, tubule formation in vitro. In vivo, alkali burn (1 M NaOH) could remarkably upregulate CXCR4 expression and increase the migration of TNF-α-positive cells to corneal stroma. TMP drops could significantly downregulate CXCR4 expression in cornea, compared to the control. However, there was no difference in the downregulation of CXCR4 between TMP and FK506, an immunosuppressive drug. Moreover, the immunofluorescent staining of CD45 showed TMP and FK506 could significantly restrain the bone marrow (BM)-derived infiltration while the F4/80 staining reflects the suppression of macrophage aggregation. Meanwhile TMP could regulate the Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and FK506 could restrain the Interleukin 2 (IL-2). Furthermore, TMP and FK506 significantly ameliorate corneal opacity and neovascularization. Clinical assessment detected an obvious improvement in TMP and FK506 treatment groups, compared to controls in vivo. Thus, TMP had similar effects in inhibition of immune response and CNV by suppressing BM-infiltrating cells into cornea as FK506. TMP could be a potential agent in eye-drop therapy for cornea damaged by Alkali Burn.
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Yellow Laser Stimulation at GV2 Acupoint Mitigates Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Motor Deficit in Spinal Cord Injury Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5407052. [PMID: 30402127 PMCID: PMC6196894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5407052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation is considered as the treatment targets of spinal cord injury due to their roles on the hindrance of recovery process. Since laser acupuncture decreased oxidative stress and enhanced the survival of neurons from oxidative stress damage and GV2 stimulation was selected as one stimulated acupoint in order to enhance the recovery of spinal cord injury, we hypothesized that laser acupuncture at GV2 should enhance the recovery of spinal cord injury. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were induced spinal cord injury at T10 level and they were exposed to a 10 minute-stimulation at GV2 by yellow laser. Laser acupuncture was performed at 0.25 and 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after spinal cord injury. Then, the stimulation was performed once daily for 7 days. Locomotor assessment was carried out on days 3 and 7 after injury. At the end of study period, the densities of polymorphonuclear of leukocyte, Bax, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and BDNF positive stained cells in ventral horn of spinal cord were determined. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and oxidative stress status was also assessed. The results showed that laser acupuncture at GV2 increased BBB score, gross motor score, and densities of Bcl-2 and BDNF positive stained cells but decreased density with polymorphonuclear leukocyte, the densities of Bax and Caspase-3 positive stained cells, COX-2 level, and oxidative stress status in ventral horn of the lesion spinal cord. The reduction of serum COX-2 was also decreased. Therefore, GV2 stimulation by yellow laser might enhance the recovery of spinal cord via the increase in BDNF and the decrease in inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress status in the lesion spinal cord.
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Kertmen H, Celikoglu E, Ozturk OC, Gürer B, Bozkurt H, Kanat MA, Arikok AT, Erguder BI, Sargon MF, Sekerci Z. Comparative effects of methylprednisolone and tetracosactide (ACTH 1-24) on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1459-1470. [PMID: 30393502 PMCID: PMC6209702 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tetracosactide is an engineered peptide that applies the same biological impacts as the endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. Previous studies indicated that tetracosactide has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neurotrophic activity. In this study, we hypothesized that tetracosactide may have protective effects in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rabbits were randomized into the accompanying four groups of eight animals each: group 1 (control), group 2 (ischemia), group 3 (methylprednisolone) and group 4 (tetracosactide). In the control group, just a laparotomy was performed. In the various groups, the spinal cord ischemia model was made by the impediment of the aorta only caudal to the renal vein. Neurological assessment was conducted with the Tarlov scoring system. Levels of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and catalase were analyzed, similar to the activities of xanthine oxidase and caspase-3. Histopathological and ultrastructural assessments were additionally performed. RESULTS After ischemia-reperfusion injury, increments were found in the tissue myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001), xanthine oxidase action (p < 0.001) and caspase-3 movement (p < 0.001). Conversely, both serum and tissue catalase levels were diminished (p < 0.001 for both). After the administration of tetracosactide, declines were seen in the tissue myeloperoxidase levels (p < 0.001), malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.003), xanthine oxidase action (p < 0.001) and caspase-3 movement (p < 0.001). Conversely, both the serum and tissue catalase levels were expanded (p < 0.001). Besides, tetracosactide treatment indicated enhanced results related to the histopathological scores (p < 0.001), the ultra-structural score (p = 0.008) and the Tarlov scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed for the first time that tetracosactide shows significant neuroprotective activity against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri Kertmen
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Celikoglu
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Caglar Ozturk
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Mardin Nusaybin State Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kanat
- Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ata Turker Arikok
- Department of Pathology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin Imge Erguder
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeki Sekerci
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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Bai XY, Wang XF, Zhang LS, Du PC, Cao Z, Hou Y. Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1968-1972. [PMID: 30078676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been demonstrated to ameliorate cerebral ischemic injury and spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammatory cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. However, the effects of TMP on MS have not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TMP on the inflammatory response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model of MS. TMP (30 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein inflammasome and caspase-1and decreased inflammatory infiltration and glial activation. Moreover, TMP (30 mg/kg) suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-18 [IL-18] and IL-17) and promoted the expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). The reduced inflammatory response resulted in improvement in clinical scores and decreased demyelination in EAE mice. Therefore, our results demonstrate that TMP (30 mg/kg) improved functional recovery in part by reducing inflammation in EAE mice. TMP may be a potential therapeutic agent for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yong Bai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Xi-Feng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Lian-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Peng-Chao Du
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zhang Cao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China.
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Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on tibial dyschondroplasia incidence, tibial angiogenesis, performance and characteristics via HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in chickens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2495. [PMID: 29410465 PMCID: PMC5802779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschodroplasia (TD) is a most common pathological condition in many avian species that is characterized by failure of growth plate (GP) modeling that leads to the persistence of avascular lesion in the GP. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is widely used to treat neurovascular disorders and pulmonary hypertension, but no report is available about promoting effect of TMP against TD. Therefore, a total of 210 broiler chicks were equally divided into three groups; Control, TD and TMP. During the experiment mortality rate, chicken performance indicators (daily weight, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio), tibia bone indicators (weight, length, width of tibial and the size of GP) in addition to gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were examined. The results showed that TMP administration restore the GP width, increase growth performance, and mitigated the lameness in broiler chickens. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF increased significantly in TD affected thiram induced chicks. Whereas, TMP treatment down-regulated HIF-1α and VEGF genes and proteins expressions. The present study demonstrates that the TMP plays an important role in angiogenesis during the impairment and recovery of GP in TD via regulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in chickens.
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Yang YW, Wang YL, Lu JK, Tian L, Jin M, Cheng WP. Delayed xenon post-conditioning mitigates spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits by regulating microglial activation and inflammatory factors. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:510-517. [PMID: 29623938 PMCID: PMC5900516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats exerted by delayed xenon post-conditioning is stronger than that produced by immediate xenon post-conditioning. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Activated microglia are the main inflammatory cell type in the nervous system. The release of pro-inflammatory factors following microglial activation can lead to spinal cord damage, and inhibition of microglial activation can relieve spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. To investigate how xenon regulates microglial activation and the release of inflammatory factors, a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by balloon occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. After establishment of the model, two interventions were given: (1) immediate xenon post-conditioning—after reperfusion, inhalation of 50% xenon for 1 hour, 50% N2/50%O2 for 2 hours; (2) delayed xenon post-conditioning—after reperfusion, inhalation of 50% N2/50%O2 for 2 hours, 50% xenon for 1 hour. At 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after reperfusion, hindlimb locomotor function was scored using the Jacobs locomotor scale. At 72 hours after reperfusion, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 levels in the spinal cord of each group were measured using western blot assays. Iba1 levels were determined using immunohistochemistry and a western blot assay. The number of normal neurons at the injury site was quantified using hematoxylin-eosin staining. At 72 hours after reperfusion, delayed xenon post-conditioning remarkably enhanced hindlimb motor function, increased the number of normal neurons at the injury site, decreased Iba1 levels, and inhibited interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in the spinal cord. Immediate xenon post-conditioning did not noticeably affect the above-mentioned indexes. These findings indicate that delayed xenon post-conditioning after spinal cord injury improves the recovery of neurological function by reducing microglial activation and the release of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kai Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Fan Y, Wu Y. Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates neural apoptosis in injured spinal cord via the downregulation of miR-214-3p. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:827-833. [PMID: 28802236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the regulation effect of tetramethylpyrazine on microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) in the spinal cord injury (SCI) rats model and to elucidate the neuroprotective effect and its mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine after SCI. METHODS Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish the SCI rats model, and the expression levels of miR-214-3p and Bcl2l2 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting at 7 days post-SCI. BBB scoring test was performed to evaluate the motor functional recovery at 21 days post-SCI. Twenty-five SCI rats were randomly assigned to five groups: SCI negative control (NC) group, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) group, miR-214-3p agomir group, TMP/agomir group and the sham group. The rats were given a two-week injection treatment with or without TMP. The expression levels of miR-214-3p, Bcl2l2, Bax and caspase 3 were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting at 7 days after injection. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) -mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis in vivo. Luciferase activity was measured to verify the miR-214-3p target site in the 3'-UTR of Bcl2l2 mRNA. TMP treatment was also performed to injure primary cultured neuron cells and cell apoptosis in vitro was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS MiR-214-3p was up-regulated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2l2 was downregulated post-SCI. TMP inhibited the apoptosis in vivo via decreasing the levels of miR-214-3p and increasing the expression level of Bcl2l2. A potential target site of miR-214-3p in the 3'UTR of Bcl2l2 mRNA was identified and validated by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, TMP could effectively inhibit neuron cells apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS TMP alleviated neural apoptosis in injured spinal cord via down-regulation of miR-214-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Fan
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaochi Wu
- Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Traumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Gürer B, Karakoç A, Bektaşoğlu PK, Kertmen H, Kanat MA, Arıkök AT, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Öztürk ÖÇ, Çelikoğlu E. Comparative effects of vitamin D and methylprednisolone against ischemia/reperfusion injury of rabbit spinal cords. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tetramethylpyrazine Protects against Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Affecting Mitochondrial-Dependent Caspase-3 Apoptotic Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3514914. [PMID: 28337226 PMCID: PMC5350396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3514914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was to test the hypothesis that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protected against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by affecting the mitochondrial-dependent caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. TMP was administrated after the rats' prechiasmatic SAH mode. Animal neurobehavioral functions were assessed and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential changes (Δψm) of the brain tissues were measured. The expressions of cytoplasmic cytochrome c (cyt c), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), and cleaved caspase-3 B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) in cells were determined and cellular apoptosis was detected. The treatment of TMP resulted in less apoptotic cells and milder mitochondrial injury and potentially performed better in the neurobehavioral outcome compared to those with saline. Also, TMP ameliorated calcium overload in mitochondria and cytoplasm and alleviated the decrease of Δψm. In addition, TMP inhibited the expression of cytoplasmic cyt c, Smac, and cleaved caspase-3, yet it upregulated the expression of bcl-2. These findings suggest that TMP exerts an antiapoptosis property in the SAH rat model and this is probably mediated by the caspase-3 apoptotic pathway triggered by mitochondrial calcium overload. The finding offers a new therapeutic candidate for early brain injury after SAH.
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Xu B, Xu X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wu G, Yan M, Jia M, Xie T, Jia X, Wang P, Lei H. Synthesis and protective effect of new ligustrazine-vanillic acid derivatives against CoCl 2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:20. [PMID: 28293281 PMCID: PMC5331027 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligustrazine-vanillic acid derivatives had been reported to exhibit promising neuroprotective activities. In our continuous effort to develop new ligustrazine derivatives with neuroprotective effects, we attempted the synthesis of several ligustrazine-vanillic acid amide derivatives and screened their protective effect on the injured PC12 cells damaged by CoCl2. The results showed that most of the newly synthesized derivatives exhibited higher activity than ligustrazine, of which, compound VA-06 displayed the highest potency with EC50 values of 17.39 ± 1.34 μM. Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed.Graphical abstractNew series of ligustrazine-vanillic acid amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their protective effect on the injured PC12 cells damaged by CoCl2. VA-06 was found to be the most active one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Chenze Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - GaoRong Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Menglu Jia
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Tianxin Xie
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Xiaohui Jia
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102 China
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Zhu XL, Chen X, Wang W, Li X, Huo J, Wang Y, Min YY, Su BX, Pei JM. Electroacupuncture pretreatment attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 production in a LXA 4 receptor-dependent manner. Brain Res 2017; 1659:113-120. [PMID: 28089662 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paraplegia caused by spinal cord ischemia is a severe complication following surgeries in the thoracic aneurysm. HMGB1 has been recognized as a key mediator in spinal inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment could provide neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury through inhibition of HMGB1 release. Therefore, the present study aims to test the hypothesis that EA pretreatment protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury via inhibition of HMGB1 release. Animals were pre-treated with EA stimulations 30min daily for 4 successive days, followed by 20-min spinal cord ischemia induced by using a balloon catheter placed into the aorta. We found that spinal I/R significantly increased mRNA and cytosolic protein levels of HMGB1 after reperfusion in the spinal cord. The EA-pretreated animals displayed better motor performance after reperfusion along with the decrease of apoptosis, HMGB1, TNF-α and IL-1β expressions in the spinal cord, whereas these effects by EA pretreatment was reversed by rHMGB1 administration. Furthermore, EA pretreatment attenuated the down-regulation of LXA4 receptor (ALX) expression induced by I/R injury, while the decrease of HMGB1 release in EA-pretreated rats was reversed by the combined BOC-2 (an inhibitor of LXA4 receptor) treatment. In conclusion, EA pretreatment may promote spinal I/R injury through the inhibition of HMGB1 release in a LXA4 receptor-dependent manner. Our data may represent a new therapeutic technique for treating spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bin-Xiao Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Pei
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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El-Tanbouly GS, El-Awady MS, Megahed NA, El-Kashef HA, Salem HA. The lipoxin A 4 agonist BML-111 attenuates acute hepatic dysfunction induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:361-368. [PMID: 28035464 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response associating severe infection leading to multi-organ failure, such as hepatic dysfunction. This study investigates the possible hepatoprotective effect of the lipoxin A4 agonist (BML-111) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rats. Pretreatment with BML-111 (1 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h before CLP) protected against CLP-induced mortality after 24 h. BML-111 prevented marked inflammatory cells in liver tissues and decreased elevation in serum hepatic biomarkers [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT)] induced by CLP. Additionally, BML-111 attenuated elevated serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and downregulated hepatic IL-6 mRNA expression. Meanwhile, BML-111 further increased serum IL-10 and upregulated hepatic IL-10 mRNA expression, while it downregulated hepatic mRNA expression of nuclear factor inhibitory protein kappa-B alpha (NFκBia), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX). Moreover, BML-111 prevented NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation and activation. In conclusion, BML-111 attenuated CLP-induced acute hepatic dysfunction through its anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing NF-κB activity, TLR-4, and 5-LOX expression with subsequent decrease in pro-inflammatory IL-6 and elevation in anti-inflammatory IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nermeen A Megahed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Xia X, Qu B, Li YM, Yang LB, Fan KX, Zheng H, Huang HD, Gu JW, Kuang YQ, Ma Y. NFAT5 protects astrocytes against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration damage via the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:96-104. [PMID: 27838821 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a multifunctional cytokine family. NFAT5 was recently reported to be involved in many neuronal functions, but its specific function remains unclear. In this study, our aim is to investigate whether NFAT5 overexpression can protect astrocytes against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGSD/R) damage. In vivo, rats were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury, resulting in increased water content, infarct volume, and expression of NFAT5 protein in rat spinal cord. After primary culture for spinal cord astrocytes, the in vitro OGSD/R model was established. The results of the CCK8 assay and flow cytometry showed that, in the OGSD/R group, astrocyte cell viability was downregulated, but astrocyte apoptosis increased. Caspase 3 activity increased as well. Levels of NFAT5, as detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, decreased under OGSD/R, as did SIRT1. Commercial kits for activity assays were used to show that OGSD/R inhibited SIRT1 activation but accelerated SOD activation after OGSD/R. Next, pcDNA-NFAT5 or NFAT5 siRNA was transfected into astrocytes. Overexpression of NFAT5 not only promoted the survival of the astrocytes and SIRT1 activation under OGSD/R but also inhibited cell apoptosis and SOD activation. Moreover, overexpression of NFAT5 apparently diminished histone acetylation and promoted the nuclear transport of Nrf2. Our results show that NFAT5 protects spinal astrocytes in a manner that depends on activation of the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. These findings present a novel potential molecular mechanism for NFAT5 therapy in the context of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yun-Ming Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ke-Xia Fan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hai-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Jian-Wen Gu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA, No. 9 Anxiangbeili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yong-Qin Kuang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
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Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Increases the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Maintaining Antioxidant Enzyme Levels. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:3300-3307. [PMID: 27743287 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the ability of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) to improve the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) against ischemic damage in the spinal cord. Animals were divided into four groups: the control group, vehicle (PEP-1 peptide and artificial cerebrospinal fluid)-treated group, Ad-MSC alone group, and Ad-MSC-treated group with PEP-1-SOD1. The abdominal aorta of the rabbit was occluded for 30 min in the subrenal region to induce ischemic damage, and immediately after reperfusion, artificial cerebrospinal fluid or Ad-MSCs (2 × 105) were administered intrathecally. In addition, PEP-1 or 0.5 mg/kg PEP-1-SOD1 was administered intraperitoneally to the Ad-MSC-treated rabbits. Motor behaviors and NeuN-immunoreactive neurons were significantly decreased in the vehicle-treated group after ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of Ad-MSCs significantly ameliorated the changes in motor behavior and NeuN-immunoreactive neuronal survival. In addition, the combination of PEP-1-SOD1 and Ad-MSCs further increased the ameliorative effects of Ad-MSCs in the spinal cord after ischemia. Furthermore, the administration of Ad-MSCs with PEP-1-SOD1 decreased lipid peroxidation and maintained levels of antioxidants such as SOD1 and glutathione peroxidase compared to the Ad-MSC alone group. These results suggest that combination therapy using Ad-MSCs and PEP-1-SOD1 strongly protects neurons from ischemic damage by modulating the balance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants.
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Micro-CT as a Tool to Investigate the Efficacy of Tetramethylpyrazine in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:1272-1278. [PMID: 26953664 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was applied to assess the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the therapeutic effect of TMP on a rat SCI model using micro-CT. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA SCI is a devastating event and always accompanied by severe vascular injury. Promoting angiogenesis after SCI has recently been recognized as a potential way to enhance the neurological function recovery. How the TMP promotes angiogenesis and improved locomotor function recovery after SCI has, however, not been fully clarified. In this study, we used micro-CT to evaluate the effect on the microvasculature changes after TMP treatment. METHODS The contusion SCI model was induced in rats by a modified Allen's impact method. In the TMP treatment group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with TMP. The control group was treated with saline. Hindlimb motor function was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan score. Histology was employed to examine the pathological changes and quantified at 28 days after injury. Spinal cord vessel network and angiogenesis were assessed using micro-CT. RESULTS Angiogenesis was increased in groups treated with TMP compared with rat in the control groups (P < 0.05). Micro-CT vividly depicted the three-dimensional morphology changes of the spinal cord microvasculature after injury and demonstrated more vessels number, vessel volume fraction, and vessel connectivity value in the groups treated with TMP than in the control groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the injury-induced lesion area in TMP group was attenuated in comparison with control groups. Similarly, neurological functions were greatly improved in groups treated with TMP compared with rats in the control groups. CONCLUSION Micro-CT is useful for detecting angiogenesis after SCI. TMP therapy reduced the neuronal loss, promoted angiogenesis, and exerted a positive effect on neurological function recovery after SCI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Involvement of Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4866-4878. [PMID: 27514753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. Apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are the current hypothesized mechanisms for PD pathogenesis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the major bioactive component of Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (ChuanXiong), Family Apiaceae, reportedly has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the role of 'TMP' in preventing rotenone-induced neurobiological and behavioral sequelae. A preliminary dose-response study was conducted where rats received TMP (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Catalepsy, locomotor activity, striatal dopamine content, and tyrosine hydroxylase "TH" and α-synuclein immunoreactivity were evaluated. The selected TMP dose (20 mg/kg) was used for western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and DJ-1, immunohistochemical detection of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, in addition to biochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Results showed that TMP (20 mg/kg) significantly improved midbrain and striatal TH expression and striatal dopamine content as well as the motor deficits, compared to rotenone-treated group. These results were correlated with reduction in caspase-3 activity and α-synuclein expression, along with improvement of midbrain and striatal Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to rotenone-treated group. TMP also attenuated rotenone-induced upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, TMP downregulated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation markers: NF-кB, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP expression in both the midbrain and striatum. Taken together, the current study suggests that TMP is entitled to, at least partially, preventing PD neurobiological and behavioral deficits by virtue of its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.
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Huang JH, Cao Y, Zeng L, Wang G, Cao M, Lu HB, Hu JZ. Tetramethylpyrazine enhances functional recovery after contusion spinal cord injury by modulation of MicroRNA-21, FasL, PDCD4 and PTEN expression. Brain Res 2016; 1648:35-45. [PMID: 27431939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has protective effects against SCI. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mechanism underlying the protective effects of TMP in SCI. SCI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with a modified weight-drop device. One group was subjected to SCI in combination with TMP administration at a dose of 200mg/kgd, for 3 days. Concurrently, another group received SCI in combination with an equal volume of 0.9% saline. Locomotor functional recovery was assessed during the 4 weeks post-injury by performing the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) rating procedure. Lesion size and spared tissue were measured by cresyl violet staining. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) expression was determined by real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. FasL, PDCD4, and PTEN are direct targets of miR-21 in many diseases and cell types; their levels were analyzed by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of PDCD4 and PTEN. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining and DNA laddering. TMP treatment after contusion SCI significantly improved functional recovery, decreased lesion size, and increased tissue sparing and miR-21 levels; expression of FasL, PDCD4, and PTEN was decreased. TMP treatment also reduced apoptosis after SCI. Thus, TMP administration improved functional recovery and reduced cell apoptosis. Its protective effect may partly based on increasing the expression of miR-21 and decreasing the expression of FasL, PDCD4, and PTEN. These could serve as new exploratory targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hu Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Department of orthopaedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 350001, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Spinal Cord Injury: A Promising Supplementary Treatment in Future. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8958721. [PMID: 27118982 PMCID: PMC4826935 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8958721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by trauma. Pathophysiological events occurring after SCI include acute, subacute, and chronic phases, while complex mechanisms are comprised. As an abundant source of natural drugs, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) attracts much attention in SCI treatment recently. Hence, this review provides an overview of pathophysiology of SCI and TCM application in its therapy. Methods. Information was collected from articles published in peer-reviewed journals via electronic search (PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI), as well as from master's dissertations, doctoral dissertations, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Results. Both active ingredients and herbs could exert prevention and treatment against SCI, which is linked to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, or antiapoptosis effects. The detailed information of six active natural ingredients (i.e., curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, ligustrazine, quercitrin, and puerarin) and five commonly used herbs (i.e., Danshen, Ginkgo, Ginseng, Notoginseng, and Astragali Radix) was elucidated and summarized. Conclusions. As an important supplementary treatment, TCM may provide benefits in repair of injured spinal cord. With a general consensus that future clinical approaches will be diversified and a combination of multiple strategies, TCM is likely to attract greater attention in SCI treatment.
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Ding Y, Hou X, Chen L, Zhou H, Gong Y, Dai L, Zheng Y. Heme oxygenase-1 dependant pathway contributes to protection by tetramethylpyrazine against chronic hypoxic injury on medulla oblongata in rats. J Neurol Sci 2016; 361:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yang T, Wu L, Wang H, Fang J, Yao N, Xu Y. Inflammation Level after Decompression Surgery for a Rat Model of Chronic Severe Spinal Cord Compression and Effects on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2015; 55:578-86. [PMID: 26119897 PMCID: PMC4628191 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2015-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed neurological deterioration in the absence of direct spinal cord insult following surgical decompression is a severe postoperative complication in patients with chronic severe spinal cord compression (SCC). The spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been verified as a potential etiology of the complication. However, the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of the decompression-related IRI remain to be defined. In this study, we developed a practical rat model of chronic severe SCC. To explore the underlying role of inflammation in decompression-related IRI, immunoreactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) before and after decompression were measured. In addition, expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β was examined with Western blot. Immunohistochemical staining showed negative result in gray matters in the sham group and sham-decompression group. In the severe compression group, strong positive staining of TNF-α and IL-1β were found, suggesting a dramatic infiltration of inflammatory cells in gray matters. Furthermore, the severe compression group showed a significant increase in expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β as compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). In the severe compression-decompression group, both immunostaining and Western blot showed significant increase of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the spinal cord compared with the severe compression group (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that surgical decompression plays a stimulative role in inflammation through increasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of chronic severe SCC injury. Inflammation may be one of the important pathological mechanisms of decompression-related IRI of chronic ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Liu JM, Yi Z, Liu SZ, Chang JH, Dang XB, Li QY, Zhang YL. The mitochondrial division inhibitor mdivi-1 attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury both in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of BK channels. Brain Res 2015; 1619:155-65. [PMID: 25818100 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1), a selective inhibitor of a mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), has been shown to exert protective effects in heart and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of mdivi-1 against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (SCIR) injury and its associated mechanisms. SCIR injury was induced by glutamate treatment in cultured spinal cord neurons and by descending thoracic aorta occlusion for 20 min in rats. We found that mdivi-1 (10 μM) significantly attenuated glutamate induced neuronal injury and apoptosis in spinal cord neurons. This neuroprotective effect was accompanied by decreased expression of oxidative stress markers, inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and preserved activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, mdivi-1 significantly increased the expression of the large-conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels, and blocking BK channels by paxilline partly ablated mdivi-1 induced protection. The in vivo experiments showed that mdivi-1 treatment (1 mg/kg) overtly mitigated SCIR injury induced spinal cord edema and neurological dysfunction with no organ-related toxicity in rats. Moreover, mdivi-1 increased the expression of BK channels in spinal cord tissues, and paxilline pretreatment nullified mdivi-1 induced protection after SCIR injury in rats. Thus, mdivi-1 may be an effective therapeutic agent for SCIR injury via activation of BK channels as well as reduction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Zhang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Hua Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing-Bo Dang
- Department of Emergency, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quan-Yi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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