1
|
Fitzgibbon JJ, Heindel P, Appah-Sampong A, Holden-Wingate C, Hentschel DM, Mamdani M, Ozaki CK, Hussain MA. Temporal trends in hemodialysis access creation during the fistula first era. J Vasc Surg 2024; 79:1483-1492.e3. [PMID: 38387816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although forearm arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred initial vascular access for hemodialysis based on national guidelines, there are no population-level studies evaluating trends in creation of forearm vs upper arm AVFs and arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). The purpose of this study was to report temporal trends in first-time permanent hemodialysis access type, and to assess the effect of national initiatives on rates of AVF placement. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study (2012-2022) utilizing the Vascular Quality Initiative database. All patients older than 18 years with creation of first-time upper extremity surgical hemodialysis access were included. Anatomic location of the AVF or AVG (forearm vs upper arm) was defined based on inflow artery, outflow vein, and presumed cannulation zone. Primary analysis examined temporal trends in rates of forearm vs upper arm AVFs and AVGs using time series analyses (modified Mann-Kendall test). Subgroup analyses examined rates of access configuration stratified by age, sex, race, dialysis, and socioeconomic status. Interrupted time series analysis was performed to assess the effect of the 2015 Fistula First Catheter Last initiative on rates of AVFs. RESULTS Of the 52,170 accesses, 57.9% were upper arm AVFs, 25.2% were forearm AVFs, 15.4% were upper arm AVGs, and 1.5% were forearm AVGs. From 2012 to 2022, there was no significant change in overall rates of forearm or upper arm AVFs. There was a numerical increase in upper arm AVGs (13.9 to 18.2 per 100; P = .09), whereas forearm AVGs significantly declined (1.8 to 0.7 per 100; P = .02). In subgroup analyses, we observed a decrease in forearm AVFs among men (33.1 to 28.7 per 100; P = .04) and disadvantaged (Area Deprivation Index percentile ≥50) patients (29.0 to 20.7 per 100; P = .04), whereas female (17.2 to 23.1 per 100; P = .03), Black (15.6 to 24.5 per 100; P < .01), elderly (age ≥80 years) (18.7 to 32.5 per 100; P < .01), and disadvantaged (13.6 to 20.5 per 100; P < .01) patients had a significant increase in upper arm AVGs. The Fistula First Catheter Last initiative had no effect on the rate of AVF placement (83.2 to 83.7 per 100; P=.37). CONCLUSIONS Despite national initiatives to promote autogenous vascular access, the rates of first-time AVFs have remained relatively constant, with forearm AVFs only representing one-quarter of all permanent surgical accesses. Furthermore, elderly, Black, female, and disadvantaged patients saw an increase in upper arm AVGs. Further efforts to elucidate factors associated with forearm AVF placement, as well as potential physician, center, and regional variation is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Fitzgibbon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Heindel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Abena Appah-Sampong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher Holden-Wingate
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Data Science and Advanced Analytics, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mohamad A Hussain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu Y, Xiao J, Liu C, Wang Y. Comparison of wound complications between one-stage and two-stage brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula: A meta-analysis. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3786-3793. [PMID: 37337468 PMCID: PMC10588325 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research assessing the outcome of brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas (BB-AVF) after a one- and two-stage technique was conducted. A strict review of the comprehensive literature up to May 2023 was carried out using four databases-PubMed,Embase, Cochrane Library and web of science. Inclusion and exclusion criteria developed for the study were then applied to assess the quality of the literature, it was decided to review 12 interrelated studies.95% confidence intervals (Cl) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated using fixed effects models. The data were meta-analysed using RevMan 5.3 software. The results showed that two-stage technique with BB-AVF reduced surgical site haematoma (SSH) formation, (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.24-4.17, p = 0.008), and also reduced surgical site wound infection (SSWI) (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.17-2.94, p = 0.008). There are, however, several small sample sizes in the selected studies for this meta-analysis, so caution should be used when processing their values. There are more high-quality studies with large sample sizes that should be considered for future meta-analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lu
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soo Hoo AJ, Scully RE, Sharma G, Patterson S, Walsh J, Voiculescu A, Belkin M, Menard M, Keith Ozaki C, Hentschel DM. Contemporary outcomes of precision banding for high flow hemodialysis access. J Vasc Access 2023; 24:1260-1267. [PMID: 35139679 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221076581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-flow hemodialysis accesses are a well-recognized source of patient morbidity. Among available management strategies inflow constriction based on real-time physiologic flow monitoring offers a technically straightforward data-driven approach with potentially low morbidity. Despite the benefits offered by this approach, large contemporary series are lacking. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained clinical database was undertaken to capture patients undergoing precision banding within a signal tertiary care institution between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable logistic regression modeling of thrombosis within 30 days and re-banding within 1 year were performed. RESULTS In total, 297 patients underwent banding during the study period for a total number of 398 encounters. Median [IQR] follow-up was 157 [52-373] days. Most accesses were upper arm with brachial artery inflow (84%) and half of the banding procedures were performed for flow imbalance based on exam, duplex, or fistulogram. Median flow rate reduction was 58%. The 30-day thrombosis rate after banding was 15 of 397 (3.8%) with a median time to event of 5.5 days (2-102). The re-banding rate within a year was 54 of 398 (14%) with a median time to re-banding of 134 days [56-224]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a univariate screen did not identify any predictors of 30-day thrombosis. Having a forearm radial-cephalic AVF compared to all other access types was protective against need for rebanding at 1 year (OR 0.12 95% CI 0.02-0.92, p = 0.04), as was flow imbalance as the indication for banding (OR 0.43 95% 0.23-0.79, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Precision banding offers an effective, low-morbidity approach for high-flow hemodialysis accesses. Early thrombosis is a rare event after precision banding, although in the long term, one in four patients will require re-banding to maintain control of flow volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Soo Hoo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Scully
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Suzannah Patterson
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Adina Voiculescu
- Interventional Nephrology, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Belkin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Menard
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Interventional Nephrology, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wasse H, Hentschel DM. Keep Seeking the Holy Grail: Predictive Modeling of Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation and Survival. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:1257-1259. [PMID: 37707823 PMCID: PMC10578628 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
|
5
|
Heindel P, Fitzgibbon JJ, Feliz JD, Hentschel DM, Burke SK, Al-Omran M, Bhatt DL, Belkin M, Ozaki CK, Hussain MA. Evaluating national guideline concordance of recurrent interventions after radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation. J Vasc Surg 2023; 77:1206-1215.e2. [PMID: 36567000 PMCID: PMC10038866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas have been historically perceived as requiring multiple follow-up procedural interventions to achieve maturation and maintain patency. Recent clinical practice guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) emphasize a patient-centered hemodialysis access strategy with new maximum targets for intervention rates, potentially conflicting with concomitant recommendations to prioritize autogenous forearm hemodialysis access creation. The present descriptive study seeks to assess whether radiocephalic fistulas can meet the KDOQI guideline benchmarks for interventions following access creation, and to elucidate clinical and anatomic characteristics associated with the timing and frequency of interventions following radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation. METHODS Prospective patient-level data from the multicenter PATENCY-1 and PATENCY-2 randomized trials, which enrolled patients undergoing new radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation, was analyzed (ClinicalTrials.govNCT02110901 and NCT02414841). The primary outcome was the rate of interventions at 1 year postoperatively. Incidence rates were calculated, and time to surgical or endovascular intervention following fistula creation was modeled using recurrent event extensions of the Cox proportional hazards model. Confidence intervals at the 95% level were calculated using nonparametric bootstrapping. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 914 patients; mean age was 57 years (standard deviation, 13 years), and 22% were female. Median follow-up was 707 days (interquartile range, 447-1066 days). The incidence of interventions per person-year was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.13) overall; 1.10 (95% CI, 0.98-1.21) before fistula use, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.82-1.11) after fistula use. The most common interventions overall were balloon angioplasty (54.9% of all interventions), venous side-branch ligation (16.4%), and open revisions (eg, proximalization from snuffbox to wrist, 16.4%). The locations requiring balloon angioplasty included the juxta-anastomotic segment (51.7% of angioplasties), the outflow vein (29.2%), the inflow artery (14.8%), the central veins (3.8%), and the cephalic arch (0.5%). Common indications were to restore or maintain patency (75.6% of all interventions), assist maturation (14.9%), improve depth (4.4%), or improve augmentation (3.0%). In the multivariable regression analysis, female sex (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.45), diabetes (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.46), and intraoperative vein diameter <3.0 mm (vs ≥4.0 mm: HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.66) were associated with earlier and more frequent interventions. Patients not on hemodialysis at the time of fistula creation underwent less frequent interventions (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.59-0.81). CONCLUSIONS Patients with radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas can expect to undergo one intervention, on average, in the first year after creation, which aligns with current KDOQI guidelines. Patients already requiring hemodialysis, female patients, patients with diabetes, and patients with intraoperative vein diameters <3.0 mm were at increased risk for repeated intervention. No subgroup exceeded guideline-suggested maximum thresholds for recurrent interventions. Overall, the results demonstrate that creation of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula remains a guideline-concordant strategy when part of an end-stage kidney disease life-plan in appropriately selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heindel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James J Fitzgibbon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica D Feliz
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY
| | - Michael Belkin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mohamad A Hussain
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shahverdyan R, Hentschel DM. Achieving high maturation and cannulation rates of radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistulas with VasQ™ device. Semin Dial 2023; 36:147-154. [PMID: 35258116 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodialysis is the predominant treatment modality for chronic kidney disease, with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) being considered to be the preferred type of long-term vascular access. Implantation of the external anastomotic VasQ™ support device during AVF creation has been suggested to improve the functional outcomes of AVFs. In the current study, we report the clinical outcomes when using the device with radial-cephalic AVF (RCAVF) creation in a large cohort over 3 years. METHODS One hundred fifty RCAVFs were created between June 2018 and August 2021 with implantation of VasQ™. Time to maturation, cannulation characteristics, and assisted (AP) and secondary patency (SP) rates were analyzed. RESULTS In this predominantly male (68%), median 64 years old cohort, 150 VasQ™ devices were implanted. Physiological maturation was achieved in 142/150 (95%) and was unassisted in 133/150 (89%). Of those, 129 matured within 1 month and four additional AVFs within 165 days. Eight AVFs achieved maturation following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and one required surgical patch angioplasty. The median time from creation to first successful cannulation in dialysis patients was 41 days. AP at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months was 89%, 81%, 78%, 73%, and 73%, and SP was 94%, 87%, 86%, 84%, and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Consistent use of the VasQ™ device in RCAVF creation demonstrates excellent AVF maturation and patency rates with very low frequency of assisted maturation and interventions for maintenance. The VasQ™ device appears a suitable aid in increasing the creation of functional RCAVFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Interventional Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fitzgibbon JJ, Heindel P, Feliz JD, Rouanet E, Wu W, Huynh C, Hentschel DM, Belkin M, Ozaki CK, Hussain MA. Staged autogenous to prosthetic hemodialysis access creation strategy to maximize forearm options. J Vasc Surg 2023; 77:1788-1796. [PMID: 36791894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When an adequate cephalic vein is not available for fistula construction, surgeons often turn to basilic vein or prosthetic constructions. Single-stage forearm prosthetic hemodialysis accesses are associated with poor durability, and upper arm non-autogenous access options are often limited by axillary outflow failure, which inevitably drives transition to the contralateral arm or lower extremity. We hypothesized that initial creation of a modest flow proximal forearm arterial-venous anastomosis to dilate ("develop") inflow and outflow vessels, followed by a planned second-stage procedure to create a cannulation zone with a prosthetic graft in the forearm, would result in reliable and durable hemodialysis access in patients with limited options. METHODS We performed an institutional cohort study from 2017 to 2021 using a prospectively maintained database supplemented with adjudicated chart review. Patients without traditional autogenous hemodialysis access options in the forearm underwent an initial non-wrist arterial-venous anastomosis creation in the forearm as a first stage, followed by a second-stage interposition graft sewn to the existing inflow and venous outflow segments to create a useable cannulation zone in the forearm while leveraging vascular development. Outcomes included time from second-stage access creation to loss of primary and secondary patency, frequency of subsequent interventions, and perioperative complications. RESULTS The cohort included 23 patients; first-stage radial artery-based (74%) configurations were more common than brachial artery-based (26%). Mean age was 63 years (standard deviation, 14 years), and 65% were female. Median follow-up was 340 days (interquartile range [IQR], 169-701 days). Median time to cannulation from second-stage procedure was 28 days (IQR, 18-53 days). Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency at 1 year was 16.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%-45.8%), 34.6% (95% CI, 15.2%-66.2%), and 95.7% (95% CI, 81.3%-99.7%), respectively. Subsequent interventions occurred at a rate of 3.02 (IQR, 1.0-4.97) per person-year, with endovascular thrombectomy with or without angioplasty/stenting (70.9%) being the most common. There were no cases of steal syndrome. Infection occurred in two cases and were managed with antibiotics alone. CONCLUSIONS For patients without adequate distal autogenous access options, staged prosthetic graft placement in the forearm offers few short-term complications and excellent durability with active surveillance while strategically preserving the upper arm for future constructions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Fitzgibbon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Heindel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica D Feliz
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Rouanet
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Winona Wu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cindy Huynh
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Belkin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C Keith Ozaki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mohamad A Hussain
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sternbergh WC. The snuff-box arteriovenous fistula: Fruitful, frustrating, or fiscal folly? J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:957. [PMID: 34425959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|