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Yang Y, Huang J, Xie L, Wang Y, Guo S, Wang M, Shao X, Liu W, Wang Y, Li Q, Wu X, Zhang Z, Zeng F, Gong W. Nicotinamide protects against diabetic kidney disease through regulation of Sirt1. Endocrine 2024; 85:638-648. [PMID: 38446387 PMCID: PMC11291543 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of nicotinamide (Nam) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in mice and explore its mechanism. METHODS Thirty DBA/2 J mice were randomly assigned to three groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia induced by streptozocin (STZ), Nam and saline were administrated to STZ + Nam and STZ + NS mice, respectively, for 8 weeks. Non-diabetic mice (NDM) were used as control group. Twenty In2-/- Akita mice were randomly divided into two groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia, Nam and saline were administered to Akita + Nam and Akita + NS mice, respectively, for 6 weeks. Wild-type littermates were used as control group. Markers of renal injury were analyzed, and the molecular mechanisms were explored in human proximal tubular HK2 cells. RESULTS Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) decreased in the STZ + Nam and Akita + Nam groups. Pathological analysis showed that Nam improved the structure of glomerular basement membrane, ameliorated glomerular sclerosis, and decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen. Compared to the diabetic control group, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were reduced in the Nam-treated mice. The expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in human proximal tubular HK2 cells was inhibited by high glucose and Nam treatment enhanced its expression. However, in HK2 cells with Sirt1 knockdown, the protective effect of Nam was abolished, indicating that the beneficial effect of Nam was partially dependent on Sirt1. CONCLUSIONS Nam has a renoprotective effect against renal injury caused by hyperglycemia and may be a potential target for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinya Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lijie Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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2
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Alli AA. Extracellular Vesicles: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Associated Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1138. [PMID: 37627022 PMCID: PMC10452642 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by all cell types and are found in biological fluids including plasma and urine. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a mixed population of EVs that comprise small EVs that are filtered and excreted, EVs secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and EVs released from the bladder, urethra, and prostate. The packaged cargo within uEVs includes bioactive molecules such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These molecules are involved in intercellular communication, elicit changes in intracellular signaling pathways, and play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including diabetes-associated hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. uEVs represent a rich source of biomarkers, prognosis markers, and can be loaded with small-molecule drugs as a vehicle for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; ; Tel.: +1-352-273-7877
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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3
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Oda Y, Nishi H, Nangaku M. Role of Inflammation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Implications. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151431. [PMID: 37865982 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes has been understood conventionally as a consequence of intraglomerular hemodynamic changes and aberrant metabolic pathways. However, an increasing body of experimental evidence has highlighted the role of inflammatory response in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Macrophage polarization in response to specific microenvironmental stimuli affects the pathology of diabetic kidneys. The diabetic milieu also up-regulates inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and promotes inflammatory signal transduction pathways, including inflammasomes. Therefore, from a reverse translational perspective, modulation of the inflammatory response may be the driving force of the renoprotective effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, all of which have been shown to slow disease progression. Currently, many agents that target the inflammation in the kidneys directly are evaluated in clinical trials. This article discusses recent clinical and experimental milestones in drug development for diabetic kidney disease with a perspective on inflammation in the kidneys. Such insights may enable a targeted approach to discovering novel drugs against chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Oda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Harkin C, Smith KW, MacKay CL, Moore T, Brockbank S, Ruddock M, Cobice DF. Spatial localization of β-unsaturated aldehyde markers in murine diabetic kidney tissue by mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6657-6670. [PMID: 35881173 PMCID: PMC9411223 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Limitations in current diagnosis and screening methods have sparked a search for more specific and conclusive biomarkers. Hyperglycemic conditions generate a plethora of harmful molecules in circulation and within tissues. Oxidative stress generates reactive α-dicarbonyls and β-unsaturated hydroxyhexenals, which react with proteins to form advanced glycation end products. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the detection and spatial localization of molecules in biological tissue sections. Here, for the first time, the localization and semiquantitative analysis of “reactive aldehydes” (RAs) 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) in the kidney tissues of a diabetic mouse model is presented. Ionization efficiency was enhanced through on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) using Girard’s reagent T (GT), forming positively charged hydrazone derivatives. MSI analysis was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR). RA levels were elevated in diabetic kidney tissues compared to lean controls and localized throughout the kidney sections at a spatial resolution of 100 µm. This was confirmed by liquid extraction surface analysis–MSI (LESA-MSI) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). This method identified β-unsaturated aldehydes as “potential” biomarkers of DN and demonstrated the capability of OTCD-MSI for detection and localization of poorly ionizable molecules by adapting existing chemical derivatization methods. Untargeted exploratory distribution analysis of some precursor lipids was also assessed using MALDI-FT-ICR-MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Harkin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Karl W Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Logan MacKay
- Scottish Instrumentation and Research Centre for Advanced Mass Spectrometry (SIRCAMS), EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Tara Moore
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Mark Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, 55 The Diamond Rd, Crumlin, UK
| | - Diego F Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
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5
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Liu J, Sun M, Xia Y, Cui X, Jiang J. Phloretin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting nephrin and podocin reduction through a non-hypoglycemic effect. Food Funct 2022; 13:6613-6622. [PMID: 35622066 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid from natural plants, which has protective activities against oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, its effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the potential role of phloretin in diabetes-induced renal damage and associated mechanisms in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD) in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. We found that daily treatment with a low dose (20 mg kg-1) of phloretin, as a dietary supplement, significantly alleviated polyuria, proteinuria, and glomerular histopathological changes in the T2DM mice, indicating a protective effect of phloretin on diabetic renal dysfunction. In the phloretin-treated T2DM mice, major metabolic parameters, including blood glucose levels, were not altered significantly, suggesting that the observed beneficial effects of phloretin may be due to a mechanism independent of blood glucose control. Further experiments revealed that phloretin had a protective effect on glomerular podocytes as indicated by ameliorated glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and podocyte foot process effacement. Moreover, phloretin treatment restored levels of nephrin and podocin, two podocyte slit diaphragm proteins that were decreased in T2DM mice. Our results indicate that low-dose phloretin treatment has a protective effect on podocytes in DN via a non-hypoglycemic mechanism in preserving nephrin and podocin expression levels. These data suggest that phloretin may be exploited as a novel therapeutic agent for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Mingcheng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Exogenous pancreatic kininogenase protects against tacrolimus-induced renal injury by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling: The role of bradykinin receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Santiago-Hernandez A, Martin-Lorenzo M, Martínez PJ, Gómez-Serrano M, Lopez JA, Cannata P, Esteban V, Heredero A, Aldamiz-Echevarria G, Vázquez J, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Barderas MG, Segura J, Ruilope LM, Alvarez-Llamas G. Early renal and vascular damage within the normoalbuminuria condition. J Hypertens 2021; 39:2220-2231. [PMID: 34261953 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A continuous association between albuminuria and cardiorenal risk exists further below moderately increased albuminuria ranges. If only based in albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) higher than 30 mg/g, a significant percentage of individuals may be out of the scope for therapeutic management. Despite epidemiological outcomes, the identification of biochemical changes linked to early albuminuria is underexplored, and normoalbuminuric individuals are usually considered at no risk in clinical practice. Here, we aimed to identify early molecular alterations behind albuminuria development. METHODS Hypertensive patients under renin-angiotensin system (RAS) suppression were classified as control, (ACR < 10 mg/g) or high-normal (ACR = 10-30 mg/g). Urinary protein alterations were quantified and confirmed by untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry. Coordinated protein responses with biological significance in albuminuria development were investigated. Immunohistochemistry assays were performed in human kidney and arterial tissue to in situ evaluate the associated damage. RESULTS A total of 2663 identified proteins reflect inflammation, immune response, ion transport and lipids metabolism (P value ≤ 0.01). A1AT, VTDB and KNG1 varied in high-normal individuals (P value < 0.05), correlated with ACR and associated with the high-normal condition (odds ratio of 20.76, 6.00 and 7.04 were found, respectively (P value < 0.001)). After 12 months, protein variations persist and aggravate in progressors to moderately increased albuminuria. At tissue level, differential protein expression was found in kidney from individuals with moderately increased albuminuria and atherosclerotic aortas for the three proteins, confirming their capacity to reflect subclinical organ damage. CONCLUSION Early renal and vascular damage is molecularly evidenced within the normoalbuminuria condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- Immunoallergy and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM
| | - Paula J Martínez
- Immunoallergy and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, CNIC
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, CNIC
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)
| | | | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM
- Red de asma, reacciones adversas y alérgicas (ARADyAL)
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University
| | | | | | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, CNIC
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid
| | - Maria G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos SESCAM, Toledo
| | - Julian Segura
- Hypertension Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- Immunoallergy and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sun S, Zhao Z, Rao Q, Li X, Ruan Z, Yang J. BDE-47 induces nephrotoxicity through ROS-dependent pathways of mitochondrial dynamics in PK15 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112549. [PMID: 34325200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stresses and mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics are crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and cellular physiological homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanisms through which BDE-47 disrupts this dynamic and contributes to renal injuries are still not fully understood. The porcine kidney-15 (PK15) cell line, a well-defined in vitro animal renal toxicological model, was exposed to BDE-47 with concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM, respectively. Cell viability, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the expression levels of key mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins were assessed. BDE-47 reduced cell viability and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting mitochondrial fusion and fission simultaneously, leading to MMP decreases, ROS overgeneration, ATP depletion, and cellular disintegration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) with the concentration of 20 μM observed to restore the downregulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, alleviate damages in mitochondrial morphology and functionality, correct ROS overproduction, and enable cell survival. The antioxidant N-acety-L-cysteine (NAC) with the concentration of 1 mM also simultaneously reversed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, decreased ROS production, and restored mitochondrial morphology in PK15 cells exposed to BDE-47. Our data provide new insights indicating that BDE-47 disrupts mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics to induce mitochondrial abnormalities, triggering oxidative stresses and thus contributing to PK15 cell dysfunction. ROS-dependent pathways in mitochondrial dynamics may provide a new avenue for developing effective strategies to protect cells against BDE-47-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Sun
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - XiaoMin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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9
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Chenxu G, Shaoyu Z, Lili L, Dai X, Kuang Q, Qiang L, Linfeng H, Deshuai L, Jun T, Minxuan X. Betacyanins attenuates diabetic nephropathy in mice by inhibiting fibrosis and oxidative stress via the improvement of Nrf2 signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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10
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Ke G, Chen X, Liao R, Xu L, Zhang L, Zhang H, Kuang S, Du Y, Hu J, Lian Z, Dou C, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Zhang F, Zhu S, Ma J, Li Z, Li S, He C, Chen X, Wen Y, Feng Z, Zheng M, Lin T, Li R, Li B, Dong W, Chen Y, Wang W, Ye Z, Deng C, Xiao H, Xiao J, Liang X, Shi W, Liu S. Receptor activator of NF-κB mediates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2021; 100:377-390. [PMID: 34051263 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) expression is increased in podocytes of patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the relevance of RANK to diabetic nephropathy pathobiology remains unclear. Here, to evaluate the role of podocyte RANK in the development of diabetic nephropathy, we generated a mouse model of podocyte-specific RANK depletion (RANK-/-Cre T), and a model of podocyte-specific RANK overexpression (RANK TG), and induced diabetes in these mice with streptozotocin. We found that podocyte RANK depletion alleviated albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and basement membrane thickening, while RANK overexpression aggravated these indices in streptozotocin-treated mice. Moreover, streptozotocin-triggered oxidative stress was increased in RANK overexpression but decreased in the RANK depleted mice. Particularly, the expression of NADPH oxidase 4, and its obligate partner, P22phox, were enhanced in RANK overexpression, but reduced in RANK depleted mice. In parallel, the transcription factor p65 was increased in the podocyte nuclei of RANK overexpressing mice but decreased in the RANK depleted mice. The relevant findings were largely replicated with high glucose-treated podocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, p65 could bind to the promoter regions of NADPH oxidase 4 and P22phox, and increased their respective gene promoter activity in podocytes, dependent on the levels of RANK. Taken together, these findings suggested that high glucose induced RANK in podocytes and caused the increase of NADPH oxidase 4 and P22phox via p65, possibly together with the cytokines TNF- α, MAC-2 and IL-1 β, resulting in podocyte injury. Thus, we found that podocyte RANK was induced in the diabetic milieu and RANK mediated the development of diabetic nephropathy, likely by promoting glomerular oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibao Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sujuan Kuang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwen Lian
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caoshuai Dou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianmei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhu
- Department of Renal Pathology, King Medical Diagnostics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaosheng He
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhen Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonglin Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghao Zheng
- School of Surgery (Orthopaedics), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bohou Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Houqin Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Exogenous pancreatic kininogenase protects against renal fibrosis in rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1597-1608. [PMID: 32300244 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue kallikrein has protective function against various types of injury. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous pancreatic kininogenase (PK) conferred renoprotection in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and H2O2-treated HK-2 cells in vitro. SD rats were subjected to UUO surgery, then PK (7.2 U/g per day, ip) was administered for 7 or 14 days. After the treatment, rats were euthanized; the obstructed kidneys were harvested for further examination. We found that PK administration significantly attenuated interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory (MCP-1, TLR-2, and OPN) and profibrotic (TGF-β1 and CTGF) cytokines in obstructed kidney. UUO-induced oxidative stress, closely associated with excessive apoptotic cell death and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1a signaling, which were abolished by PK administration. We further showed that PK administration increased the expression of bradykinin receptors 1 and 2 (B1R and B2R) mRNA and the production of NO and cAMP in kidney tissues. Coadministration with either B1R antagonist (des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin) or B2R antagonist (icatibant) abrogated the renoprotective effects of PK, and reduced the levels of NO and cAMP in obstructed kidney. In H2O2-treated HK-2 cells, addition of PK (6 pg/mL) significantly decreased ROS production, regulated the expression of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes, suppressed the expression of TGF-β1 and MCP-1, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that PK treatment protects against the progression of renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.
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12
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Jiang Y, Xie F, Lv X, Wang S, Liao X, Yu Y, Dai Q, Zhang Y, Meng J, Hu G, Peng Z, Tao L. Mefunidone ameliorates diabetic kidney disease in STZ and db/db mice. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21198. [PMID: 33225469 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001138rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end stage renal diseases worldwide. Despite successive interventions for delaying the progression of DKD, current treatments cannot reverse the pathological progression. Mefunidone (MFD) is a new compound with potent antifibrotic properties, but the effect of MFD on DKD remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of MFD in both models of the db/db type 2 diabetes (T2D) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) models. Compared with the model group, MFD treatment significantly reduced pathological changes observed by PAS staining, PASM staining, and Masson staining in vivo. To further elucidate the potential mechanisms, we discovered MFD treatment notably restored podocyte function, alleviated inflammation, abated ROS generation, inhibited the TGF-β1/SAMD2/3 pathway, suppressed the phosphorylation levels of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, and P38), and reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of MFD in diabetic nephropathy and elucidate its possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifei Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Aibara Y, Nakashima A, Kawano KI, Yusoff FM, Mizuki F, Kishimoto S, Kajikawa M, Maruhashi T, Higashi Y. Daily Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation in Experimental Hypertensive and Diabetic Nephropathy. Hypertension 2020; 76:1906-1914. [PMID: 33131306 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The estimated morbidity rate of chronic kidney disease is 8% to 16% worldwide, and many patients with chronic kidney disease eventually develop renal failure. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing renal failure is crucial. In this study, we assessed the effects of daily low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy on experimental hypertensive nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. Unilateral nephrectomy and subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II via osmotic mini-pumps were used to induce hypertensive nephropathy in mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that daily LIPUS treatment ameliorated renal fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by angiotensin II. A similar therapeutic effect was also observed in mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertensive nephropathy in which splenectomy was performed. In addition, LIPUS treatment significantly decreased systolic blood pressure after 21 days. Subsequently, db/db mice with unilateral nephrectomy developed proteinuria; daily LIPUS treatment significantly reduced proteinuria after 42 days. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that renal fibrosis was significantly ameliorated by LIPUS treatment. Finally, LIPUS stimulation suppressed TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1)-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in HK-2 (human proximal tubular cell line) cells. LIPUS treatment may be a useful therapy for preventing the progression of renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Aibara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (A.N.), Hiroshima University
| | - Ki-Ichiro Kawano
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University
| | - Fumitaka Mizuki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital (M.K., Y.H.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University.,Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital (M.K., Y.H.)
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14
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Hartman RE, Rao PSS, Churchwell MD, Lewis SJ. Novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1277-1293. [PMID: 32799584 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1811231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) involves multifaceted pathophysiology which increases the risk of cardiorenal events and mortality. Conventional therapy is limited to renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition and management of hyperglycemia and hypertension. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated promising nephroprotective effects of antihyperglycemic agents thus modifying guideline treatment recommendations for type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. AREAS OF COVERED Relevant studies and clinical trials were searched via PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov through August 2020. Authors offer an update on clinical evidence regarding nephroprotective effects and side effects of sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP1) agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors. They discuss the potential benefits of novel therapy targeting DKD pathogenic processes including inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and vasoconstriction shown in early phases of clinical trials and offer an opinion on key challenges and directions for future progress. EXPERT OPINION SGLT2 inhibitors are the most promising agents for DKD and improving cardiorenal outcomes. Mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists and janus kinase inhibitors are also promising investigational therapies that target oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthesis, and inflammation. Novel therapeutic targets and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers may provide future therapies that detect early stages of DKD enabling a slower kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Findlay , Findlay, OH, USA
| | | | - Susan J Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Findlay , Findlay, OH, USA
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15
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that renal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and that anti-inflammatory therapies might have renoprotective effects in DKD. Immune cells and resident renal cells that activate innate immunity have critical roles in triggering and sustaining inflammation in this setting. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that several innate immune pathways have potential roles in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. Toll-like receptors detect endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns generated during diabetes and induce a sterile tubulointerstitial inflammatory response via the NF-κB signalling pathway. The NLRP3 inflammasome links sensing of metabolic stress in the diabetic kidney to activation of pro-inflammatory cascades via the induction of IL-1β and IL-18. The kallikrein-kinin system promotes inflammatory processes via the generation of bradykinins and the activation of bradykinin receptors, and activation of protease-activated receptors on kidney cells by coagulation enzymes contributes to renal inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. In addition, hyperglycaemia leads to protein glycation and activation of the complement cascade via recognition of glycated proteins by mannan-binding lectin and/or dysfunction of glycated complement regulatory proteins. Data from preclinical studies suggest that targeting these innate immune pathways could lead to novel therapies for DKD.
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16
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Guo S, Chen Q, Sun Y, Chen J. Nicotinamide protects against skeletal muscle atrophy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:470-477. [PMID: 31291133 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1638414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Context: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a complication of diabetes, partially induced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) deficiency. Objective: This study investigates the potential of nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation, a precursor of NAD+, against muscle atrophy. Methods: Mice were separated into normal control group, normal control with NAM administration group, diabetic group, and diabetic mice with NAM administration group. Basic characteristics, muscle weight, maximal grip strength, and myofibers cross-sectional area were analysed. Markers reflecting muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, and transforming growth factor β1/Smad2 (TGF-β1/Smad2) pathway were examined. Results: NAM did not influence body weight and blood glucose. In diabetic mice, NAM increased NAD+ level, rescued muscle weight and strength loss, and increased myofibers cross-sectional area. NAM inhibited MuRF1 and Atrogin1, while elevated phosphorylation of Akt. Overactivation of TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway was repressed by NAM. Conclusion: NAM ameliorated diabetic muscle atrophy by rebalancing protein anabolism and catabolism, probably through de-activation of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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17
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Chen GT, Yang BB, Chen JH, Zhang Z, Zhu LL, Jiang HS, Yu W, Chen Y, Dai YT. Pancreatic kininogenase improves erectile function in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats with erectile dysfunction. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:448-453. [PMID: 29676291 PMCID: PMC6116675 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_23_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with type 2 diabetes is a severe problem that requires effective treatment. Pancreatic kininogenase (PK) has the potential to improve the erectile function of ED patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of PK on erectile function in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic ED rats. To achieve this goal, we divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into five groups. One group was not treated, and the other four groups were treated with saline, sildenafil, PK or sildenafil, and PK, respectively, for 4 weeks after the induction of type 2 diabetic ED. Then, intracavernous pressure under cavernous nerve stimulation was measured, and penile tissue was collected for further study. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels, smooth muscle content, endothelium content, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the corpus cavernosum, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase levels in the dorsal penile nerve were measured. Improved erectile function and endothelium and smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum were observed in diabetic ED rats. When treating diabetic ED rats with PK and sildenafil at the same time, a better therapeutic effect was achieved. These data demonstrate that intraperitoneal injection of PK can improve erectile function in a rat model of type 2 diabetic ED. With further research on specific mechanisms of erectile function improvement, PK may become a novel treatment for diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tao Chen
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bai-Bing Yang
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian-Huai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei-Lei Zhu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - He-Song Jiang
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu-Tian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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18
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Cheng Y, Yu X, Zhang J, Chang Y, Xue M, Li X, Lu Y, Li T, Meng Z, Su L, Sun B, Chen L. Pancreatic kallikrein protects against diabetic retinopathy in KK Cg-A y/J and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1074-1086. [PMID: 30838453 PMCID: PMC6509079 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Many studies have shown that tissue kallikrein has effects on diabetic vascular complications such as nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the retinoprotective role of exogenous pancreatic kallikrein and studied potential mechanisms of action. METHODS We used KK Cg-Ay/J (KKAy) mice (a mouse model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes) and mice with high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes as our models. After the onset of diabetes, both types of mice were injected intraperitoneally with either pancreatic kallikrein (KKAy + pancreatic kallikrein and STZ + pancreatic kallikrein groups) or saline (KKAy + saline and STZ + saline groups) for 12 weeks. C57BL/6J mice were used as non-diabetic controls for both models. We analysed pathological changes in the retina; evaluated the effects of pancreatic kallikrein on retinal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis; and measured the levels of bradykinin and B1 and B2 receptors in both models. RESULTS In both models, pancreatic kallikrein improved pathological structural features of the retina, increasing the thickness of retinal layers, and attenuated retinal acellular capillary formation and vascular leakage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pancreatic kallikrein ameliorated retinal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in both models (p < 0.05). We also found that the levels of bradykinin and B1 and B2 receptors were increased after pancreatic kallikrein in both models (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Pancreatic kallikrein can protect against diabetic retinopathy by activating B1 and B2 receptors and inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Thus, pancreatic kallikrein may represent a new therapeutic agent for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mei Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yunhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ting Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Long Su
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Liming Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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19
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Huang F, Sheng XX, Zhang HJ. DUSP26 regulates podocyte oxidative stress and fibrosis in a mouse model with diabetic nephropathy through the mediation of ROS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:410-416. [PMID: 31155289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Unfortunately, the pathogenetic mechanism of DN is far from to be understood. Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) is a member of the Dusp protein family, and is suggested to be involved in divers biological and pathological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and apoptosis. However, its role in the development of DN is still vague. In this study, we found that DUSP26 expression was increased in kidney of DN patients. Then, the wild type (DUSP26+/+) and gene knockout (DUSP26-/-) mice were used to further explore the effects of DUSP26 on DN development induced by streptozotocin (STZ). DUSP26 deficiency accelerated renal injury and dysfunction, as evidenced by the elevated glomerulosclerosis, reduced expression of Nephrin and promoted glomerular basement membrane thickness. In addition, STZ treatment resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, H2O2 overproduction and superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduction in renal cortex or glomeruli of mice. The ROS production caused the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling in kidney glomeruli of STZ-induced mice. These in vivo pathological processes were further confirmed in the differentiated podocytes stimulated by glucose (GLU). Intriguingly, we found that STZ-induced DN as mentioned above was further accelerated by DUSP26-/- in mice following STZ injection. Moreover, STZ-induced fibrosis in kidney glomeruli of DN mice was markedly prolonged in DUSP26-knockout mice through potentiating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression. More importantly, reducing ROS generation could significantly abolish DUSP26 knockdown-exacerbated TGF-β1 expression and MAPKs activation, thereby protecting podocytes from GLU-induced podocyte injury. Thus, DUSP26-regulated DN development was largely dependent on ROS generation. Taken together, we concluded that DUSP26 might be a promising therapeutic target for developing effective treatments against DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi City People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276003, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi City People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276003, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi City People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276003, China.
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20
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Wang M, Hu J, Yan L, Yang Y, He M, Wu M, Li Q, Gong W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Handy DE, Lu B, Hao C, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu R, Stanton RC, Zhang Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:6296-6310. [PMID: 30785802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801921r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to podocyte injury, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. The mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in podocytes is not fully understood. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical in maintaining NADPH, which is an important cofactor for the antioxidant system. Here, we hypothesized that high glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation of G6PD, which injured podocytes by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We found that G6PD protein expression was decreased in kidneys of both diabetic patients and diabetic rodents. G6PD activity was also reduced in diabetic mice. Overexpressing G6PD reversed redox imbalance and podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose and palmitate. Inhibition of G6PD with small interfering RNA induced podocyte apoptosis. In kidneys of G6PD-deficient mice, podocyte apoptosis was significantly increased. Interestingly, high glucose had no effect on G6PD mRNA expression. Decreased G6PD protein expression was mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. We found that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit, directly bound to G6PD and degraded G6PD through ubiquitylating G6PD on K366 and K403. In summary, our data suggest that high glucose induces ubiquitination of G6PD by VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, which leads to ROS accumulation and podocyte injury.-Wang, M., Hu, J., Yan, L., Yang, Y., He, M., Wu, M., Li, Q., Gong, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Handy, D. E., Lu, B., Hao, C., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Hu, R., Stanton, R. C., Zhang, Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linling Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Singh RD, Shandilya R, Bhargava A, Kumar R, Tiwari R, Chaudhury K, Srivastava RK, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Quantum Dot Based Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Circulating Cell Free miRNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis: From Biology to Clinical Translation. Front Genet 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 30574163 PMCID: PMC6291444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death for men in our country. The only recommended screening method is clinic based low-dose computed tomography (also called a low-dose CT scan, or LDCT). However, the effect of LDCT on overall mortality observed in lung cancer patients is not statistically significant. Over-diagnosis, excessive cost, risks associated with radiation exposure, false positive results and delay in the commencement of the treatment procedure questions the use of LDCT as a reliable technique for population-based screening. Therefore, identification of minimal-invasive biomarkers able to detect malignancies at an early stage might be useful to reduce the disease burden. Circulating nucleic acids are emerging as important source of information for several chronic pathologies including lung cancer. Of these, circulating cell free miRNAs are reported to be closely associated with the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients. Smaller size, sequence homology between species, low concentration and stability are some of the major challenges involved in characterization and specific detection of miRNAs. To circumvent these problems, synthesis of a quantum dot based nano-biosensor might assist in sensitive, specific and cost-effective detection of differentially regulated miRNAs. The wide excitation and narrow emission spectra of these nanoparticles result in excellent fluorescent quantum yields with a broader color spectrum which make them ideal bio-entities for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based detection for sequential or simultaneous study of multiple targets. In addition, photo-resistance and higher stability of these nanoparticles allows extensive exposure and offer state-of-the art sensitivity for miRNA targeting. A major obstacle for integrating QDs into clinical application is the QD-associated toxicity. However, the use of non-toxic shells along with surface modification not only overcomes the toxicity issues, but also increases the ability of QDs to quickly detect circulating cell free miRNAs in a non-invasive mode. The present review illustrates the importance of circulating miRNAs in lung cancer diagnosis and highlights the translational prospects of developing QD-based nano-biosensor for rapid early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha D. Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchita Shandilya
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Irina Y. Goryacheva
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Pradyumna K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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22
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Wu M, Yang Y, Wang M, Zeng F, Li Q, Liu W, Guo S, He M, Wang Y, Huang J, Zhou L, Li Y, Hu J, Gong W, Zhang Z. Exogenous Pancreatic Kallikrein Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:855. [PMID: 30131697 PMCID: PMC6091235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the protective effects of exogenous pancreatic kallikrein (PKK) treatment on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, a type 1 diabetic model, were treated with either PKK or saline for 12 weeks. Non-diabetic rats were used as controls. PKK administration attenuated the mitochondria swelling, Z line misalignments, myofibrosis and interstitial collagen accumulation in diabetic myocardial tissue. The oxidative stress imbalance including increased nitrotyrosine, decreased anti-oxidative components such as nuclear receptor nuclear factor like 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were recovered in the heart of PKK-treated diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, protein expression of TGF-β1 and accumulation of collagen I in the heart tissues was decreased after PKK administration. Markers for inflammation were decreased in diabetic rats by PKK treatment. Compared to diabetic rats, PKK reversed the degradation of IκB-α, an inhibitive element of heterotrimer nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein and myocardial nitrate/nitrite were impaired in the heart of diabetic rats, which, however, were restored after PKK treatment. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and phospholamban (PLN) were mishandled in diabetic rats, while were rectified in PKK-treated diabetic rats. The plasma NT-proBNP level was increased in diabetic rats while was reduced with PKK treatment. Conclusion: PKK protects against DCM via reducing fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, promoting nitric oxide production, as well as restoring the function of the calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Changzhou Qianhong Biopharma Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Wei Z, Lyu Y, Yang X, Chen X, Zhong P, Wu D. Therapeutic Values of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase on Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Neurol 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 29922218 PMCID: PMC5996104 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “tissue kallikrein” is used to describe a group of serine proteases shared considerable sequence homology and colocalize in the same chromosomal locus 19q13. 2–q13.4. It has been widely discovered in various tissues and has been proved to be involved in kinds of pathophysiological processes, such as inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and promoting angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Human Urinary Kallidinogenase (HUK) extracted from human urine is a member of tissue kallikrein which could convert kininogen to kinin and hence improve the plasma kinin level. Medical value of HUK has been widely investigated in China, especially on acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we will summarize the therapeutic values of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase on acute ischemic stroke and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Troxerutin Protects Kidney Tissue against BDE-47-Induced Inflammatory Damage through CXCR4-TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9865495. [PMID: 29849929 PMCID: PMC5932985 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9865495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces oxidative stress in kidney cells, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Troxerutin, a natural flavonoid, has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy. In this study, we assessed the effect of troxerutin on kidney damage caused by BDE-47 and investigated the underlying mechanism. The results showed troxerutin reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), decreased the activities of inflammatory factors including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the kidney tissues of BDE-47-treated mice. Furthermore, troxerutin significantly weakened the expression of kidney NLRP3 inflammasome containing NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, contributing to the decline of IL-1β. Additionally, troxerutin inhibited the increased protein level of stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1), C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 receptor 4 (CXCR4), and thioredoxin interaction protein (TXNIP) caused by BDE-47. Specifically, the immunoprecipitation assay indicated that there was a direct interaction between CXCR4 and TXNIP. CXCR4 siRNA and TXNIP siRNA also decreased the inflammatory damage, which was similar to the action of troxerutin. Our data demonstrated that troxerutin regulated the inflammatory lesions via CXCR4-TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome in the kidney of mice induced by BDE-47.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and accounts for a large proportion of clinical nephrology practice. Studies have shown that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may be involved in several pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to DKD, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic autacoids. This review focuses on recent research advance on the potential role of the KKS in the development of DKD and its clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recent studies support the idea that there is a protective role of the KKS in diabetes. For example, agents that activate the KKS have shown strong renal protective effects that might highlight its potential to change the clinical practice. In addition, diabetic mice lacking both bradykinin B2 and B1 receptors have worse kidney lesions as compared with wild-type diabetic mice. SUMMARY Current basic research has demonstrated that pharmacological activation of the KKS improves renal outcomes in diabetes. These findings suggest that this system may be a therapeutic target in preventing and treating DKD.
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26
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Liu W, Gong W, He M, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wu M, Guo S, Yu Y, Wang X, Sun F, Li Y, Zhou L, Qin S, Zhang Z. Spironolactone Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9232065. [PMID: 30406151 PMCID: PMC6204188 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9232065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spironolactone (SPR) has been shown to protect diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we determined the cardioprotective role of SPR in diabetic mice and further explored the potential mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro models. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were used as the in vivo model. After the onset of diabetes, rats were treated with either SPR (STZ + SPR) or saline (STZ + NS) for 12 weeks; nondiabetic rats were used as controls (NDCs). In vitro, H9C2 cells were exposed to aldosterone, with or without SPR. Cardiac structure was investigated with transmission electron microscopy and pathological examination; immunohistochemistry was performed to detect nitrotyrosine, collagen-1, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and F4/80 expression; and gene expression of markers for oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and energy metabolism was detected. Our results suggested that SPR attenuated mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and sarcoplasmic reticulum enlargement in diabetic rats. Compared to the STZ + NS group, cardiac oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were improved by SPR treatment. Our study showed that SPR had cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study, for the first time, indicates that SPR might be a potential treatment for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yemei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital, 4 Duchun Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shengmei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Kitada M, Ogura Y, Koya D. Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2016; 9:279-290. [PMID: 27881924 PMCID: PMC5115690 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, novel therapies for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy must be developed. Rodent models are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases and testing novel therapies, and many type 1 and type 2 diabetic rodent models have been established for the study of diabetes and diabetic complications. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals are widely used as a model of type 1 diabetes. Akita diabetic mice that have an Ins2+/C96Y mutation and OVE26 mice that overexpress calmodulin in pancreatic β-cells serve as a genetic model of type 1 diabetes. In addition, db/db mice, KK-Ay mice, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Wistar fatty rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats serve as rodent models of type 2 diabetes. An animal model of diabetic nephropathy should exhibit progressive albuminuria and a decrease in renal function, as well as the characteristic histological changes in the glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial lesions that are observed in cases of human diabetic nephropathy. A rodent model that strongly exhibits all these features of human diabetic nephropathy has not yet been developed. However, the currently available rodent models of diabetes can be useful in the study of diabetic nephropathy by increasing our understanding of the features of each diabetic rodent model. Furthermore, the genetic background and strain of each mouse model result in differences in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria and the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the validation of an animal model reproducing human diabetic nephropathy will significantly facilitate our understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we focus on rodent models of diabetes and discuss the utility and limitations of these models for the study of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute; Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute; Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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