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Yu S, Zhao R, Zhang B, Lai C, Li L, Shen J, Tan X, Shao J. Research progress and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology based on hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100828. [PMID: 37583709 PMCID: PMC10424087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is now a common cause of cancer death, with no obvious change in patient survival over the past few years. Although the traditional therapeutic modalities for HCC patients mainly involved in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which have achieved admirable achievements, challenges are still existed, such as drug resistance and toxicity. The emerging gene therapy of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9-based (CRISPR/Cas9), as an alternative to traditional treatment methods, has attracted considerable attention for eradicating resistant malignant tumors and regulating multiple crucial events of target gene-editing. Recently, advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based anti-drugs are presented at the intersection of science, such as chemistry, materials science, tumor biology, and genetics. In this review, the principle as well as statues of CRISPR/Cas9 technique were introduced first to show its feasibility. Additionally, the emphasis was placed on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in therapeutic HCC. Further, a broad overview of non-viral delivery systems for the CRISPR/Cas9-based anti-drugs in HCC treatment was summarized to delineate their design, action mechanisms, and anticancer applications. Finally, the limitations and prospects of current studies were also discussed, and we hope to provide comprehensively theoretical basis for the designing of anti-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bingchen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chunmei Lai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Linyan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiangwen Shen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiarong Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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The "3Ds" of Growing Kidney Organoids: Advances in Nephron Development, Disease Modeling, and Drug Screening. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040549. [PMID: 36831216 PMCID: PMC9954122 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A kidney organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregate grown from stem cells in vitro that undergoes self-organization, recapitulating aspects of normal renal development to produce nephron structures that resemble the native kidney organ. These miniature kidney-like structures can also be derived from primary patient cells and thus provide simplified context to observe how mutations in kidney-disease-associated genes affect organogenesis and physiological function. In the past several years, advances in kidney organoid technologies have achieved the formation of renal organoids with enhanced numbers of specialized cell types, less heterogeneity, and more architectural complexity. Microfluidic bioreactor culture devices, single-cell transcriptomics, and bioinformatic analyses have accelerated the development of more sophisticated renal organoids and tailored them to become increasingly amenable to high-throughput experimentation. However, many significant challenges remain in realizing the use of kidney organoids for renal replacement therapies. This review presents an overview of the renal organoid field and selected highlights of recent cutting-edge kidney organoid research with a focus on embryonic development, modeling renal disease, and personalized drug screening.
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3
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Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Alkhaleefah FK, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Current updates of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and targeting within tumor cells: an innovative strategy of cancer management. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1257-1287. [PMID: 36209487 PMCID: PMC9759771 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9), an adaptive microbial immune system, has been exploited as a robust, accurate, efficient and programmable method for genome targeting and editing. This innovative and revolutionary technique can play a significant role in animal modeling, in vivo genome therapy, engineered cell therapy, cancer diagnosis and treatment. The CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease system targets a specific genomic locus by single guide RNA (sgRNA), forming a heteroduplex with target DNA. The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9/sgRNA:DNA complex reveals a bilobed architecture with target recognition and nuclease lobes. CRISPR/Cas9 assembly can be hijacked, and its nanoformulation can be engineered as a delivery system for different clinical utilizations. However, the efficient and safe delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target tissues and cancer cells is very challenging, limiting its clinical utilization. Viral delivery strategies of this system may have many advantages, but disadvantages such as immune system stimulation, tumor promotion risk and small insertion size outweigh these advantages. Thus, there is a desperate need to develop an efficient non-viral physical delivery system based on simple nanoformulations. The delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 by a nanoparticle-based system have shown tremendous potential, such as easy and large-scale production, combination therapy, large insertion size and efficient in vivo applications. This review aims to provide in-depth updates on Streptococcus pyogenic CRISPR/Cas9 structure and its mechanistic understanding. In addition, the advances in its nanoformulation-based delivery systems, including lipid-based, polymeric structures and rigid NPs coupled to special ligands such as aptamers, TAT peptides and cell-penetrating peptides, are discussed. Furthermore, the clinical applications in different cancers, clinical trials and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and genome targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
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4
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When pooled CRISPR screen meets kidney organoids: towards identification of new genes and pathways. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1103-1106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Tang PMK, Chen H, Tang Y, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Lan HY. Editorial: Immune Landscape of Kidney Pathology. Front Physiol 2022; 12:827537. [PMID: 35145431 PMCID: PMC8822390 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.827537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David J. Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hui Yao Lan
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6
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Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies for Renal Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030303. [PMID: 33809425 PMCID: PMC8001091 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing every year and represents a great cost for public healthcare systems, as the majority of these diseases are progressive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies. Oligonucleotide-based drugs are emerging as novel and promising alternatives to traditional drugs. Their expansion corresponds with new knowledge regarding the molecular basis underlying CKD, and they are already showing encouraging preclinical results, with two candidates being evaluated in clinical trials. However, despite recent technological advances, efficient kidney delivery remains challenging, and the presence of off-targets and side-effects precludes development and translation to the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the various oligotherapeutic strategies used preclinically, emphasizing the most recent findings in the field, together with the different strategies employed to achieve proper kidney delivery. The use of different nanotechnological platforms, including nanocarriers, nanoparticles, viral vectors or aptamers, and their potential for the development of more specific and effective treatments is also outlined.
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7
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Higashijima Y, Nangaku M. The Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2020: genome editing tools and their immeasurable applications for humankind. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1367-1369. [PMID: 33276860 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Lin J, Susztak K. Complexities of Understanding Function from CKD-Associated DNA Variants. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:1028-1040. [PMID: 32513823 PMCID: PMC7341770 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.15771219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have facilitated the unbiased discovery of hundreds of genomic loci associated with CKD and kidney function. The vast majority of disease-associated DNA variants are noncoding. Those that are causal in CKD pathogenesis likely modulate transcription of target genes in a cell type-specific manner. To gain novel biological insights into mechanisms driving the development of CKD, the causal variants (which are usually not the most significant variant reported in a GWAS), their target genes, and causal cell types need to be identified. This functional validation requires a large number of new data sets, complex bioinformatics analyses, and experimental cellular and in vivo studies. Here, we review the basic principles and some of the current approaches being leveraged to assign functional significance to a genotype-phenotype association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Lin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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9
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Xu T, Li L, Liu YC, Cao W, Chen JS, Hu S, Liu Y, Li LY, Zhou H, Meng XM, Huang C, Zhang L, Li J, Zhou H. CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies in liver diseases: from feasibility to future diversity. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2283-2295. [PMID: 32760197 PMCID: PMC7378651 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, mainly caused by different etiological agents, alcohol consumption, viruses, drug intoxication, and malnutrition. The maturation of gene therapy has heralded new avenues for developing effective interventions for these diseases. Derived from a remarkable microbial defense system, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins 9 system (CRISPR/Cas9 system) is driving innovative applications from basic biology to biotechnology and medicine. Recently, the mutagenic function of CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely adopted for genome and disease research. In this review, we describe the development and applications of CRISPR/Cas9 system on liver diseases for research or translational applications, while highlighting challenges as well as future avenues for innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shenzhen Qianhai Icecold IT Co., Ltd. China
| | - Jia-Si Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, West Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
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10
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Wang B, Ji L, Bishayee K, Li C, Huh SO. Identification and prevention of heterotopias in mouse neocortical neural cell migration incurred by surgical damages during utero electroporation procedures. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:114-123. [PMID: 32489691 PMCID: PMC7241496 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1737225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero electroporation (IUE) is a useful technique for gene delivery in embryonic mouse brain. IUE technique is used to investigate the mammalian brain development in vivo. However, according to recent studies, IUE methodology has some limitations like the formation of artificial ectopias and heterotopias at the micro-injection site. Thus far, the artificial heterotopias generated by physical trauma during IUE are rarely reported. Here, we reported the artificial heterotopias and ectopias generated from surgical damages of micropipette in detail, and moreover, we described the protocol to avoid these phenotypes. For the experimental purpose, we transferred empty plasmids (pCAGIG-GFP) with green fluorescent-labelled protein into the cortical cortex by IUE and then compared the structure of the cortex region between the injected and un-injected cerebral hemispheres. The coronary section showed that ectopias and heterotopias were appeared on imperfect-injected brains, and layer maker staining, which including Ctip2 and TBR1 and laminin, can differentiate the physical damage, revealing the neurons in artificial ectopic and heterotopic area were not properly arranged. Moreover, premature differentiation of neurons in ectopias and heterotopias were observed. To avoid heterotopias and ectopias, we carefully manipulated the method of IUE application. Thus, this study might be helpful for the in utero electroporator to distinguish the artificial ectopias and heterotopias that caused by the physical injury by microneedle and the ways to avoid those undesirable circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kausik Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University,Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sung-Oh Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University,Chuncheon, South Korea
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11
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteasome pathway involvement in human podocyte injury with a truncated COL4A3 mutation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:1823-1832. [PMID: 31306228 PMCID: PMC6759124 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Collagen type IV (COL4)-related nephropathy includes a variety of kidney diseases that occur with or without extra-renal manifestations caused by COL4A3-5 mutations. Previous studies revealed several novel mutations, including three COL4A3 missense mutations (G619R, G801R, and C1616Y) and the COL4A3 chr:228172489delA c.4317delA p.Thr1440ProfsX87 frameshift mutation that resulted in a truncated NC1 domain (hereafter named COL4A3 c.4317delA); however, the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury remain unclear. This study aimed to further explore the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and four mutant COL4A3 segments were constructed into a lentiviral plasmid, then stably transfected into human podocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)- and apoptosis-related mRNA and protein levels. Then, human podocytes were treated with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) and brefeldin A (a transport protein inhibitor). The human podocyte findings were verified by the establishment of a mus-Col4a3 knockout mouse monoclonal podocyte using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology. Results: Our data showed that COL4A3 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in the lentivirus stably transfected podocytes. Moreover, the COL4A3 protein level was significantly increased in all groups except the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Compared to the other test groups, the COL4A3 c.4317delA group showed excessive ERS and apoptosis. Podocytes treated with MG132 showed remarkably increased intra-cellular expression of the COL4A3 c.4317delA mutation. MG132 intervention improved higher ERS and apoptosis levels in the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Mouse monoclonal podocytes with COL4A3 chr:82717932insA c.4852insA p.Arg1618ThrfsX4 were successfully acquired; this NC1-truncated mutation suggested a higher level of ERS and relatively remarkable level of apoptosis compared to that of the WT group. Conclusions: We demonstrated that excessive ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis were involved in the podocyte injury caused by the NC1-truncated COL4A3 mutation. Furthermore, proteasome pathway intervention might become a potential treatment for collagen type IV-related nephropathy caused by a severely truncated COL4A3 mutation.
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12
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Gurumurthy CB, Lloyd KCK. Generating mouse models for biomedical research: technological advances. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm029462. [PMID: 30626588 PMCID: PMC6361157 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, new methods and procedures have been developed to generate genetically engineered mouse models of human disease. This At a Glance article highlights several recent technical advances in mouse genome manipulation that have transformed our ability to manipulate and study gene expression in the mouse. We discuss how conventional gene targeting by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells has given way to more refined methods that enable allele-specific manipulation in zygotes. We also highlight advances in the use of programmable endonucleases that have greatly increased the feasibility and ease of editing the mouse genome. Together, these and other technologies provide researchers with the molecular tools to functionally annotate the mouse genome with greater fidelity and specificity, as well as to generate new mouse models using faster, simpler and less costly techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channabasavaiah B Gurumurthy
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106-5915, USA
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106-5915, USA
| | - Kevin C Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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13
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Targeting the IGF1R Pathway in Breast Cancer Using Antisense lncRNA-Mediated Promoter cis Competition. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:105-117. [PMID: 30195750 PMCID: PMC6023958 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway serves as a well-established target for cancer drug therapy. The intragenic antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) IRAIN, a putative tumor suppressor, is downregulated in breast cancer cells, while IGF1R is overexpressed, leading to an abnormal IGF1R/IRAIN ratio that promotes tumor growth. To precisely target this pathway, we developed an “antisense lncRNA-mediated intragenic cis competition” (ALIC) approach to therapeutically correct the elevated IGF1R/IRAIN bias in breast cancer cells. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to target the weak promoter of IRAIN antisense lncRNA and showed that in targeted clones, intragenic activation of the antisense lncRNA potently competed in cis with the promoter of the IGF1R sense mRNA. Notably, the normalization of IGF1R/IRAIN transcription inhibited the IGF1R signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, decreasing cell proliferation, tumor sphere formation, migration, and invasion. Using “nuclear RNA reverse transcription-associated trap” sequencing, we uncovered an IRAIN lncRNA-specific interactome containing gene targets involved in cell metastasis, signaling pathways, and cell immortalization. These data suggest that aberrantly upregulated IGF1R in breast cancer cells can be precisely targeted by cis transcription competition, thus providing a useful strategy to target disease genes in the development of novel precision medicine therapies.
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14
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Jin YY, Feng BY, Mao JH. The status quo and challenges of genetic diagnosis in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:105-109. [PMID: 29644498 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bing-Yu Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Department of Paediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #57 Zhugan Lane, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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15
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Wright KD, Staruschenko A, Sorokin A. Role of adaptor protein p66Shc in renal pathologies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F143-F153. [PMID: 28978535 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00414.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is one of the three adaptor proteins encoded by the Shc1 gene, which are expressed in many organs, including the kidney. Recent studies shed new light on several key questions concerning the signaling mechanisms mediated by p66Shc. The central goal of this review article is to summarize recent findings on p66Shc and the role it plays in kidney physiology and pathology. This article provides a review of the various mechanisms whereby p66Shc has been shown to function within the kidney through a wide range of actions. The mitochondrial and cytoplasmic signaling of p66Shc, as it relates to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and renal pathologies, is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Wright
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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