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Sun B, Smith N, Dixon AJ, Osei-Owusu P. Phosphodiesterases Mediate the Augmentation of Myogenic Constriction by Inhibitory G Protein Signaling and is Negatively Modulated by the Dual Action of RGS2 and 5. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae003. [PMID: 38486977 PMCID: PMC10935470 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein regulation by regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins play a key role in vascular tone maintenance. The loss of Gi/o and Gq/11 regulation by RGS2 and RGS5 in non-pregnant mice is implicated in augmented vascular tone and decreased uterine blood flow (UBF). RGS2 and 5 are closely related and co-expressed in uterine arteries (UA). However, whether and how RGS2 and 5 coordinate their regulatory activities to finetune G protein signaling and regulate vascular tone are unclear. Here, we determined how the integrated activity of RGS2 and 5 modulates vascular tone to promote UBF. Using ultrasonography and pressure myography, we examined uterine hemodynamics and myogenic tone (MT) of UA of wild type (WT), Rgs2-/-, Rgs5-/-, and Rgs2/5 dbKO mice. We found that MT was reduced in Rgs5-/- relative to WT or Rgs2-/- UA. Activating Gi/o with dopamine increased, whereas exogenous cAMP decreased MT in Rgs5-/- UA to levels in WT UA. Dual deletion of Rgs2 and 5 abolished the reduced MT due to the absence of Rgs5 and enhanced dopamine-induced Gi/o effects in Rgs2/5 dbKO UA. Conversely, and as in WT UA, Gi/o inhibition with pertussis toxin or exogenous cAMP decreased MT in Rgs2/5 dbKO to levels in Rgs5-/- UA. Inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE) concentration-dependently decreased and normalized MT in all genotypes, and blocked dopamine-induced MT augmentation in Rgs2-/-, Rgs5-/-, and Rgs2/5 dbKO UA. We conclude that Gi/o augments UA MT in the absence of RGS2 by a novel mechanism involving PDE-mediated inhibition of cAMP-dependent vasodilatation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nia Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alethia J Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Yogendran V, Mele L, Prysyazhna O, Budhram-Mahadeo VS. Vascular dysfunction caused by loss of Brn-3b/POU4F2 transcription factor in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells is linked to deregulation of calcium signalling pathways. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:770. [PMID: 38007517 PMCID: PMC10676411 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute significantly to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but factors driving early adverse vascular changes are poorly understood. We report on novel and important roles for the Brn-3b/POU4F2 (Brn-3b) transcription factor (TF) in controlling VSMC integrity and function. Brn-3b protein is expressed in mouse aorta with localisation to VSMCs. Male Brn-3b knock-out (KO) aortas displayed extensive remodelling with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, elastin fibre disruption and small but consistent narrowing/coarctation in the descending aortas. RNA sequencing analysis showed that these effects were linked to deregulation of genes required for calcium (Ca2+) signalling, vascular contractility, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) stress responses and immune function in Brn-3b KO aortas and validation studies confirmed changes in Ca2+ signalling genes linked to increased intracellular Ca2+ and S/ER Ca2+ depletion [e.g. increased, Cacna1d Ca2+ channels; ryanodine receptor 2, (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLN) but reduced ATP2a1, encoding SERCA1 pump] and chaperone proteins, Hspb1, HspA8, DnaJa1 linked to increased S/ER stress, which also contributes to contractile dysfunction. Accordingly, vascular rings from Brn-3b KO aortas displayed attenuated contractility in response to KCl or phenylephrine (PE) while Brn-3b KO-derived VSMC displayed abnormal Ca2+ signalling following ATP stimulation. This data suggests that Brn-3b target genes are necessary to maintain vascular integrity /contractile function and deregulation upon loss of Brn-3b will contribute to contractile dysfunction linked to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishaali Yogendran
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Laura Mele
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Hu Z, Deng X, Zhou S, Zhou C, Shen M, Gao X, Huang Y. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications of extracellular matrix remodelling in cerebral vasospasm. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:81. [PMID: 37925414 PMCID: PMC10625254 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm significantly contributes to poor prognosis and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Current research indicates that the pathological and physiological mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm may be attributed to the exposure of blood vessels to toxic substances, such as oxyhaemoglobin and inflammation factors. These factors disrupt cerebral vascular homeostasis. Vascular homeostasis is maintained by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and related cell surface receptors, such as integrins, characterised by collagen deposition, collagen crosslinking, and elastin degradation within the vascular ECM. It involves interactions between the ECM and smooth muscle cells as well as endothelial cells. Its biological activities are particularly crucial in the context of cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, regulating ECM homeostasis may represent a novel therapeutic target for cerebral vasospasm. This review explores the potential pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm and the impacts of ECM protein metabolism on the vascular wall during ECM remodelling. Additionally, we underscore the significance of an ECM protein imbalance, which can lead to increased ECM stiffness and activation of the YAP pathway, resulting in vascular remodelling. Lastly, we discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, 315302, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menglu Shen
- Cixi Third People's Hospital, Cixi, 315324, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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Dixon AJ, Osei-Owusu P. Elastin haploinsufficiency accelerates age-related structural and functional changes in the renal microvasculature and impairment of renal hemodynamics in female mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1141094. [PMID: 37179824 PMCID: PMC10167050 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in functional elastin is associated with increased arterial stiffness, a known risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. While the contribution of elastin insufficiency to the stiffening of conduit arteries is well described, little is known about the impact on the structure and function of the resistance vasculature, which contributes to total peripheral resistance and the regulation of organ perfusion. In this study, we determined how elastin insufficiency impinges on age-related changes in the structure and biomechanical properties of the renal microvasculature, altering renal hemodynamics and the response of the renal vascular bed to changes in renal perfusion pressure (RPP) in female mice. Using Doppler ultrasonography, we found that resistive index and pulsatility index were elevated in young Eln +/- and aged mice. Histological examination showed thinner internal and external elastic laminae, accompanied by increased elastin fragmentation in the medial layer without any calcium deposits in the small intrarenal arteries of kidneys from young Eln +/- and aged mice. Pressure myography of interlobar arteries showed that vessels from young Eln +/- and aged mice had a slight decrease in distensibility during pressure loading but a substantial decline in vascular recoil efficiency upon pressure unloading. To examine whether structural changes in the renal microvasculature influenced renal hemodynamics, we clamped neurohumoral input and increased renal perfusion pressure by simultaneously occluding the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Increased renal perfusion pressure caused robust changes in blood pressure in all groups; however, changes in renal vascular resistance and renal blood flow (RBF) were blunted in young Eln +/- and aged mice, accompanied by decreased autoregulatory index, indicating greater impairment of renal autoregulation. Finally, increased pulse pressure in aged Eln +/- mice positively correlated with high renal blood flow. Together, our data show that the loss of elastin negatively affects the structural and functional integrity of the renal microvasculature, ultimately worsening age-related decline in kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia J Dixon
- Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Physiological Impact of a Synthetic Elastic Protein in Arterial Diseases Related to Alterations of Elastic Fibers: Effect on the Aorta of Elastin-Haploinsufficient Male and Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113464. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers, made of elastin (90%) and fibrillin-rich microfibrils (10%), are the key extracellular components, which endow the arteries with elasticity. The alteration of elastic fibers leads to cardiovascular dysfunctions, as observed in elastin haploinsufficiency in mice (Eln+/-) or humans (supravalvular aortic stenosis or Williams–Beuren syndrome). In Eln+/+ and Eln+/- mice, we evaluated (arteriography, histology, qPCR, Western blots and cell cultures) the beneficial impact of treatment with a synthetic elastic protein (SEP), mimicking several domains of tropoelastin, the precursor of elastin, including hydrophobic elasticity-related domains and binding sites for elastin receptors. In the aorta or cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from these animals, SEP treatment induced a synthesis of elastin and fibrillin-1, a thickening of the aortic elastic lamellae, a decrease in wall stiffness and/or a strong trend toward a reduction in the elastic lamella disruptions in Eln+/- mice. SEP also modified collagen conformation and transcript expressions, enhanced the aorta constrictive response to phenylephrine in several animal groups, and, in female Eln+/- mice, it restored the normal vasodilatory response to acetylcholine. SEP should now be considered as a biomimetic molecule with an interesting potential for future treatments of elastin-deficient patients with altered arterial structure/function.
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Yang E, Park SH, Lee S, Oh D, Choi HY, Park HC, Jhee JH. Pulse pressure and the risk of renal hyperfiltration in young adults: Results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2019). Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911267. [PMID: 36177333 PMCID: PMC9513024 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High pulse pressure (PP) is associated with increased risk of decline of kidney function. However, little is known about the association between PP and RHF in young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PP and RHF in healthy young adults. Methods Data were retrieved from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2019. A total of 10,365 participants aged 19–39 years with no hypertension and normal kidney function were analyzed. RHF was defined as logarithm transformed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with residuals >90th percentile after adjustment for sex, logarithm transformed age, weight, and height. Participants were divided into tertile based on PP levels. Results The prevalence of RHF was higher in higher PP tertile group (6.6, 10.5, and 12.7% in T1, T2, and T3; P for trend < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the risk for RHF was increased in higher PP tertiles compared to the lowest tertile [odds ratio (OR), 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–1.69 in T2; OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.20–1.73 in T3]. When PP levels were treated as continuous variable, the risk of RHF was increased 2.36 per 1.0 increase of PP (P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses stratified sex, histories of diabetes or dyslipidemia, and isolated systolic hypertension or isolated diastolic hypertension, there were no significant interactions with PP for the risk for RHF, suggesting that high PP was associated with increased risk of RHF regardless of subgroups. However, the subgroup with BMI showed significant interaction with PP for the risk of RHF, indicating that participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were at higher risk of RHF with increasing PP levels than those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.25–2.87 in BMI < 25 kg/m2; OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.74–5.73 in BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; P for interaction = 0.01). Conclusion High PP is associated with an increased risk of RHF in healthy young adults and this association is prominent in obese young adults. The assessment of PP and associated RHF may give benefit to early detect the potential risk of CKD development in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoyoung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon Young Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Cheon Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jhee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong Hyun Jhee,
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Osei-Owusu P, Collyer E, Dahlen SA, Echols Adams RE, Tom VJ. Maladaptation of Renal Hemodynamics Contributes to Kidney Dysfunction Resulting from Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F120-F140. [PMID: 35658716 PMCID: PMC9306783 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is a hallmark of spinal cord injury (SCI). Several SCI sequalae are implicated, however, the exact pathogenic mechanism of renal dysfunction is unclear. Herein, we found that T3 (T3Tx) or T10 (T10Tx) complete thoracic spinal cord transection induced hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia immediately after injury. T3Tx-induced hypotension but not bradycardia or hypothermia slowly recovered to levels in T10Tx SCI and uninjured mice ~16 h after injury as determined by continuous radiotelemetry monitoring. Both types of thoracic SCI led to a marked decrease in albuminuria and proteinuria in all phases of SCI, while the kidney injury marker, NGAL, rapidly increased in the acute phase, remaining elevated in the chronic phase of T3Tx SCI. Renal interstitial and vascular elastin fragmentation after SCI were worsened during chronic T3Tx SCI. In the chronic phase, renal vascular resistance response to a step increase in renal perfusion pressure or a bolus injection of Ang II or NE was almost completely abolished after T3Tx SCI. Bulk RNAseq analysis showed enrichment of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and chemokine signaling in the kidney from T3Tx SCI mice. Serum levels of interleukin 6 was elevated in the acute but not chronic phase of T3Tx and T10Tx SCI, while serum amyloid A1 level was elevated in both acute and chronic phases. We conclude that tissue fibrosis and hemodynamic impairment are involved in renal dysfunction resulting from thoracic SCI; these pathological alterations, exacerbated by high thoracic-level injury, is mediated at least partly by renal microvascular ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Eileen Collyer
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shelby A Dahlen
- Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Raisa E Echols Adams
- Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Dahlen SA, Bernadyn TF, Dixon AJ, Sun B, Xia J, Owens EA, Osei-Owusu P. Dual loss of regulator of G protein signaling 2 and 5 exacerbates ventricular myocyte arrhythmias and disrupts the fine-tuning of G i/o signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:34-46. [PMID: 35661621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac contractility, essential to maintaining proper cardiac output and circulation, is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Previously, the absence of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) 2 and 5, separately, was shown to cause G protein dysregulation, contributing to modest blood pressure elevation and exaggerated cardiac hypertrophic response to pressure-overload. Whether RGS2 and 5 redundantly control G protein signaling to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis is unknown. Here we examined how the dual absence of RGS2 and 5 (Rgs2/5 dbKO) affects blood pressure and cardiac structure and function. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that Rgs2/5 dbKO mice showed left ventricular dilatation at baseline by echocardiography. Cardiac contractile response to dobutamine stress test was sex-dependently reduced in male Rgs2/5 dbKO relative to WT mice. When subjected to surgery-induced stress, male Rgs2/5 dbKO mice had 75% mortality within 72-96 h after surgery, accompanied by elevated baseline blood pressure and decreased cardiac contractile function. At the cellular level, cardiomyocytes (CM) from Rgs2/5 dbKO mice showed augmented Ca2+ transients and increased incidence of arrhythmia without augmented contractile response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and activation of β-adrenergic receptors (βAR) with isoproterenol. Dual loss of Rgs2 and 5 suppressed forskolin-induced cAMP production, which was restored by Gi/o inactivation with pertussis toxin that also reduced arrhythmogenesis during EFS or βAR stimulation. Cardiomyocyte NCX and PMCA mRNA expression was unaffected in Rgs2/5 dbKO male mice. However, there was an exaggerated elevation of EFS-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ in the presence of SERCA blockade with thapsigargin. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that RGS2 and 5 promote normal ventricular rhythm by coordinating their regulatory activity towards Gi/o signaling and facilitating cardiomyocyte calcium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Dahlen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Tyler F Bernadyn
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States of America
| | - Alethia J Dixon
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Jingsheng Xia
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Owens
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States of America
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States of America.
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Sivasubramanian R, Meyers KE. Hypertension in Children and Adolescents with Turner Syndrome (TS), Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and Williams Syndrome (WS). Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:18. [PMID: 33779870 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Turner syndrome (TS), neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1), and William Syndrome (WS) are 3 genetic conditions that are all associated with a substantial increase in risk of hypertension. In this review, we focus on factors leading to hypertension and on clinical manifestations and management of hypertension in children and adolescents with these genetic conditions RECENT FINDINGS: In most instances, hypertension is secondary. There is a high prevalence of masked hypertension in TS; however, the extent to which control of the BP helps reduce the risk of aortic dissection/aneurysm in TS is not yet fully elucidated. Vasculopathies are the least emphasized but most important manifestation of NF1. Of note, routine screening for pheochromocytoma in NFI is not recommended as it is not cost-effective. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of death in patients with WBS. ABPM identifies patients without overt aortic or renovascular narrowing. Antihypertensive agents such as ARBs that have direct vascular wall effects and agents that inhibit oxidative stress (minoxidil) should be considered, even in those who do not exhibit overt hypertension. Elevated blood pressure in children and adolescence manifests early with end-organ changes and when left untreated, increases risk for premature onset of cardiovascular disease. Vigilant monitoring of the blood pressure is recommended. Accurate early diagnosis and management of hypertension will delay or prevent target organ damage and ensure a healthier transition to adulthood among children afflicted with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sivasubramanian
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 9th Floor Beurger Building, 3405 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin E Meyers
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, 9th Floor Beurger Building, 3405 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Targeting primary and metastatic uveal melanoma with a G protein inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100403. [PMID: 33577798 PMCID: PMC7948511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Nearly half of UM patients develop metastatic disease and often succumb within months because effective therapy is lacking. A novel therapeutic approach has been suggested by the discovery that UM cell lines driven by mutant constitutively active Gq or G11 can be targeted by FR900359 (FR) or YM-254890, which are bioavailable, selective inhibitors of the Gq/11/14 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we have addressed the therapeutic potential of FR for UM. We found that FR inhibited all oncogenic Gq/11 mutants reported in UM. FR arrested growth of all Gq/11-driven UM cell lines tested, but induced apoptosis only in a few. Similarly, FR inhibited growth of, but did not efficiently kill, UM tumor cells from biopsies of primary or metastatic tumors. FR evoked melanocytic redifferentiation of UM tumor cells with low (class 1), but not high (class 2), metastatic potential. FR administered systemically below its LD50 strongly inhibited growth of PDX-derived class 1 and class 2 UM tumors in mouse xenograft models and reduced blood pressure transiently. FR did not regress xenografted UM tumors or significantly affect heart rate, liver function, hematopoiesis, or behavior. These results indicated the existence of a therapeutic window in which FR can be explored for treating UM and potentially other diseases caused by constitutively active Gq/11.
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11
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He Z, Liu G, Ma X, Yang D, Li Q, Li N. Comparison of small-diameter decellularized scaffolds from the aorta and carotid artery of pigs. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 44:350-360. [PMID: 32988264 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820959350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tissue-specific extracellular matrix promotes tissue regeneration and repair. We aimed to identify the optimal decellularized matrices for tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG). METHODS Decellularized aorta of fetal pigs (DAFP, n = 6, group A), decellularized aorta of adult pigs (DAAP, n = 6, group B), and decellularized carotid artery of adult pigs (DCAP, n = 6, group C) were prepared. Scaffolds were compared using histology and ultrastructure. Endothelial cell (EC) and myofibroblast (MFB) infiltration assessments were performed in vitro. Cell infiltration was measured in vivo. Biomechanical properties were also determined. RESULTS Almost original cells were removed by the acellularization procedure, while the construction of the matrix basically remained. In vitro, monolayer ECs and multi-layer MFBs were formed onto the internal surface of the specimens after 3 weeks. In vivo, cell infiltration in group A significantly increased at the 6th and 8th week when compared with groups B and C (p < 0.01). The infiltrated cells were mainly MFBs and a few CD4+ T-lymphocytes/macrophages in the specimens. Groups A and B showed greater axial compliance than group C (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION DAFP was the most suitable for use as a small-caliber vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingchun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Koch JN, Dahlen SA, Owens EA, Osei-Owusu P. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 Facilitates Uterine Artery Adaptation During Pregnancy in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010917. [PMID: 31030617 PMCID: PMC6512123 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Decreased uterine blood flow is known to contribute to pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Previously, we showed that the loss of regulator of G protein signaling 2 ( RGS 2), a GTP ase activating protein for Gq/11 and Gi/o class G proteins, decreases uterine blood flow in the nonpregnant state in mice. Here, we examined the effects of the absence of RGS 2 and 5 on uterine blood flow and uterine vascular structure and function at early, mid, and late gestation, as well as peripartum period in mice. Methods and Results Abdominal Doppler ultrasonography was performed on adult female wild-type, Rgs2-/-, and Rgs5-/- mice at pre-pregnancy, gestational days 10, 15, and 18, and postpartum day 3. Uterine artery structure and function were also assessed by vessel myograph studies. At mid-pregnancy, uterine blood flow decreased in both Rgs2-/- and Rgs5-/- mice, whereas resistive index increased only in Rgs2-/- mice. In uterine arteries from wild-type mice, mRNA expression of RGS 2 and 4 increased, whereas RGS 5 expression remained elevated at mid-pregnancy. These changes in gene expression were unique to uterine arteries because they were absent in mesenteric arteries and the aorta of wild-type mice. In Rgs2-/- mice, uterine artery medial cross-sectional area and G protein-coupled receptor-mediated vasoconstriction increased in mid-pregnancy, implicating a role for RGS 2 in structural and functional remodeling of uterine arteries during pregnancy. In contrast, RGS 5 absence increased vasoconstriction only in the peripartum period. Conclusions These data together indicate that RGS 2 plays a critical role in the structural and functional remodeling of uterine arteries to impact uterine blood flow during pregnancy. Targeting the signaling pathway regulated by RGS 2 may therefore be a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating utero-placental perfusion disorders during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Koch
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Shelby A Dahlen
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Elizabeth A Owens
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia PA
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Henrion D. Keeping the Extracellular Matrix Well Structured to Keep Healthy Vessels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2281-2282. [PMID: 30354223 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Henrion
- From the MitoVasc Institute, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, University of Angers, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Williams syndrome is a multisystem disorder seen with some regularity at most pediatric centers and usually fairly often at larger centers. Cardiovascular abnormalities, because of elastin deficiency, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Williams syndrome. The present article presents a review of the most recent developments regarding the cardiovascular issues in Williams syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiovascular abnormalities occur in 80% of patients with Williams syndrome, the majority of which are arterial stenoses. The stenoses seen in Williams syndrome now appear to arise from deficient circumferential arterial growth. Pharmacological therapies aimed at improving the vascular stenoses have shown some promise in animal models. Surgical outcomes for supravalvar aortic stenosis are good at most centers. Transcatheter interventions are largely ineffective in Williams syndrome. Multilevel surgical pulmonary artery reconstruction has excellent results for peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Periprocedural risk stratification and management algorithms may decrease the risk of cardiovascular complications. SUMMARY Cardiovascular abnormalities are a major determining factor in the clinical picture and trajectory of patients with Williams syndrome. Advances in surgical techniques, medical therapeutic options, and periprocedural management hold promise for significant improvements in the cardiovascular outcomes of these patients.
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Wang F, Fang Q, Chen C, Zhou L, Li H, Yin Z, Wang Y, Zhao CX, Xiao X, Wang DW. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Delivery of MicroRNA-21-3p Lowers Hypertension. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 11:354-366. [PMID: 29858071 PMCID: PMC5992325 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of hypertension are complex and remain largely elusive. Here, we described a novel, microRNA-dependent therapeutic strategy for hypertension. First, we found that plasma microRNA-21-3p (miR-21-3p) levels were significantly reduced both in hypertensive patients and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) when compared with normal controls. In a series of experiments to dissect the role of miR-21-3p in hypertension, we showed that intravenous delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated miR-21-3p expression induced a persistent attenuation of hypertension, with marked amelioration of target organ damages, including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and artery and kidney fibrosis in SHRs, whereas miR-21-3p tough decoys (TuDs) counteracted the above effects. Computational prediction coupled with biochemical experiments revealed that the miR-21-3p-mediated hypotensive reduction effect was accomplished by regulating phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via suppression of the adrenal α2B-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2B) in arteries. Furthermore, we observed that activation of transcription factor NF-κB and SRF significantly increased the expression of miR-21-3p in VSMCs. In summary, our study is the first to identify a novel role and mechanism of miR-21-3p in blood pressure control and provides a possible strategy for hypertension therapy using rAAV-miR-21-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chun Xia Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430030, China.
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Does elastin deficiency cause chronic kidney disease? Kidney Int 2017; 92:1036-1038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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