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Prionas A, Hamaoui K, Vanezis K, Reebye V, Habib N, Papalois V. The Effect of Interleukin-10 Immunotherapy on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6231. [PMID: 38892418 PMCID: PMC11172821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion is a common cause of acute kidney injury leading to significant morbidity and mortality. There are no effective treatments available in clinical practice. This meta-analysis aims to assess the effect of IL-10 immunotherapy on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Medline, Embase, Cochrane-library, Google Scholar and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 31 March 2023. Preclinical and clinical interventional studies investigating IL-10 immunotherapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion were eligible for inclusion. The primary endpoint was renal function (serum creatinine) following ischemia-reperfusion. The secondary endpoints included mitochondrial integrity, cellular proliferation, regulated cell death (TUNEL assay), expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), M1/M2 macrophage polarization, tissue integrity (tubular injury score), long-term kidney fibrosis (fibrotic area %) and adverse events (pulmonary toxicity, cardiotoxicity hepatotoxicity). The search returned 861 records. From these, 16 full texts were screened and subsequently, seven animal studies, corresponding to a population of 268 mice/rats, were included. Compared to the control treatment, IL-10 immunotherapy reduced serum creatinine more effectively within 24 h of administration (95% CI: -9.177, -5.601, I2 = 22.42%). IL-10 immunotherapy promoted mitochondrial integrity and cellular proliferation and reduced regulated cell death (95% CI: -11.000, -4.184, I2 = 74.94%). It decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, led to M2 polarization of the local macrophages, reduced tubular injury score (95% CI: -8.917, -5.755, I2 = 22.71%), and long-term kidney fibrosis (95% CI: -6.963, -3.438, I2 = 0%). No adverse outcomes were captured. In Conclusion, IL-10 immunotherapy safely improves outcomes in animal models of renal ischemia-reperfusion; the translational potential of IL-10 immunotherapy needs to be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vassilios Papalois
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK; (A.P.); (K.H.); (K.V.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
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Pang L, Liang N, Li C, Merriman TR, Zhang H, Yan F, Sun W, Li R, Xue X, Liu Z, Wang C, Cheng X, Chen S, Yin H, Dalbeth N, Yuan X. A stable liver-specific urate oxidase gene knockout hyperuricemia mouse model finds activated hepatic de novo purine biosynthesis and urate nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167009. [PMID: 38237409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.167009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Urate oxidase (Uox)-deficient mice could be an optimal animal model to study hyperuricemia and associated disorders. We develop a liver-specific conditional knockout Uox-deficient (UoxCKO) mouse using the Cre/loxP gene targeting system. These UoxCKO mice spontaneously developed hyperuricemia with accumulated serum urate metabolites. Blocking urate degradation, the UoxCKO mice showed significant de novo purine biosynthesis (DNPB) in the liver along with amidophosphoribosyltransferase (Ppat). Pegloticase and allopurinol reversed the elevated serum urate (SU) levels in UoxCKO mice and suppressed the Ppat up-regulation. Although urate nephropathy occurred in 30-week-old UoxCKO mice, 90 % of Uox-deficient mice had a normal lifespan without pronounced urate transport abnormality. Thus, UoxCKO mice are a stable model of human hyperuricemia. Activated DNPB in the UoxCKO mice provides new insights into hyperuricemia, suggesting increased SU influences purine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Xue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), The Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Xuan Yuan
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Gout, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Steggerda JA, Heeger PS. The Promise of Complement Therapeutics in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00655. [PMID: 38361233 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation is the ideal therapy for end-stage organ failure, but outcomes for all transplant organs are suboptimal, underscoring the need to develop novel approaches to improve graft survival and function. The complement system, traditionally considered a component of innate immunity, is now known to broadly control inflammation and crucially contribute to induction and function of adaptive T-cell and B-cell immune responses, including those induced by alloantigens. Interest of pharmaceutical industries in complement therapeutics for nontransplant indications and the understanding that the complement system contributes to solid organ transplantation injury through multiple mechanisms raise the possibility that targeting specific complement components could improve transplant outcomes and patient health. Here, we provide an overview of complement biology and review the roles and mechanisms through which the complement system is pathogenically linked to solid organ transplant injury. We then discuss how this knowledge has been translated into novel therapeutic strategies to improve organ transplant outcomes and identify areas for future investigation. Although the clinical application of complement-targeted therapies in transplantation remains in its infancy, the increasing availability of new agents in this arena provides a rich environment for potentially transformative translational transplant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Steggerda
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Seiler DL, Kähler KH, Kleingarn M, Sadik CD, Bieber K, Köhl J, Ludwig RJ, Karsten CM. The complement receptor C5aR2 regulates neutrophil activation and function contributing to neutrophil-driven epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197709. [PMID: 37275893 PMCID: PMC10235453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The function of the second receptor for the complement cleavage product C5a, C5aR2, is poorly understood and often neglected in the immunological context. Using mice with a global deficiency of C5aR2, we have previously reported an important role of this receptor in the pathogenesis of the neutrophil-driven autoimmune disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Based on in vitro analyses, we hypothesized that the absence of C5aR2 specifically on neutrophils is the cause of the observed differences. Here, we report the generation of a new mouse line with a LysM-specific deficiency of C5aR2. Methods LysM-specific deletion of C5aR2 was achieved by crossing LysMcre mice with tdTomato-C5ar2fl/fl mice in which the tdTomato-C5ar2 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Passive EBA was induced by subcutaneous injection of rabbit anti-mouse collagen type VII IgG. The effects of targeted deletion of C5ar2 on C5a-induced effector functions of neutrophils were examined in in vitro assays. Results We confirm the successful deletion of C5aR2 at both the genetic and protein levels in neutrophils. The mice appeared healthy and the expression of C5aR1 in bone marrow and blood neutrophils was not negatively affected by LysM-specific deletion of C5aR2. Using the antibody transfer mouse model of EBA, we found that the absence of C5aR2 in LysM-positive cells resulted in an overall amelioration of disease progression, similar to what we had previously found in mice with global deficiency of C5aR2. Neutrophils lacking C5aR2 showed decreased activation after C5a stimulation and increased expression of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIb. Discussion Overall, with the data presented here, we confirm and extend our previous findings and show that C5aR2 in neutrophils regulates their activation and function in response to C5a by potentially affecting the expression of Fcγ receptors and CD11b. Thus, C5aR2 regulates the finely tuned interaction network between immune complexes, Fcγ receptors, CD11b, and C5aR1 that is important for neutrophil recruitment and sustained activation. This underscores the importance of C5aR2 in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja H. Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Trambas IA, Coughlan MT, Tan SM. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Complement C5a Receptors in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108758. [PMID: 37240105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 30-40% of patients with diabetes and is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of the complement cascade, a highly conserved element of the innate immune system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The potent anaphylatoxin C5a is a critical effector of complement-mediated inflammation. Excessive activation of the C5a-signalling axis promotes a potent inflammatory environment and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Conventional renoprotective agents used in the treatment of diabetes do not target the complement system. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that inhibition of the complement system may prove protective in DKD by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting the C5a-receptor signaling axis is of particular interest, as inhibition at this level attenuates inflammation while preserving the critical immunological defense functions of the complement system. In this review, the important role of the C5a/C5a-receptor axis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and kidney injuries will be discussed, and an overview of the status and mechanisms of action of current complement therapeutics in development will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez A Trambas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Wang TT, Wu LL, Wu J, Zhang LS, Shen WJ, Zhao YH, Liu JN, Fu B, Wang X, Li QG, Bai XY, Wang LQ, Chen XM. 14-3-3ζ inhibits maladaptive repair in renal tubules by regulating YAP and reduces renal interstitial fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:381-392. [PMID: 35840657 PMCID: PMC9889378 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a group of common clinical syndromes characterized by acute renal dysfunction, which may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and this process is called the AKI-CKD transition. The transcriptional coactivator YAP can promote the AKI-CKD transition by regulating the expression of profibrotic factors, and 14-3-3 protein zeta (14-3-3ζ), an important regulatory protein of YAP, may prevent the AKI-CKD transition. We established an AKI-CKD model in mice by unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and overexpressed 14-3-3ζ in mice using a fluid dynamics-based gene transfection technique. We also overexpressed and knocked down 14-3-3ζ in vitro. In AKI-CKD model mice, 14-3-3ζ expression was significantly increased at the AKI stage. During the development of chronic disease, the expression of 14-3-3ζ tended to decrease, whereas active YAP was consistently overexpressed. In vitro, we found that 14-3-3ζ can combine with YAP, promote the phosphorylation of YAP, inhibit YAP nuclear translocation, and reduce the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. In an in vivo intervention experiment, we found that the overexpression of 14-3-3ζ slowed the process of renal fibrosis in a mouse model of AKI-CKD. These findings suggest that 14-3-3ζ can affect the expression of fibrosis-related proteins by regulating YAP, inhibit the maladaptive repair of renal tubular epithelial cells, and prevent the AKI-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wan-Jun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ying-Hua Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiao-Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qing-Gang Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects the Kidney from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the I κB α/NF- κB/IL-17C Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2264030. [PMID: 36865346 PMCID: PMC9974261 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2264030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important cause of delayed functional recovery after transplantation. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of ALDH2 in a kidney ischemia-reperfusion model based on RNA-seq. Methods We performed kidney ischemia-reperfusion in ALDH2-/- and WT mice and evaluated kidney function and morphology using SCr, HE staining, TUNEL staining, and TEM. We used RNA-seq to compare mRNA expression in ALDH2-/- and WT mice after IR, and then, we verified the related molecular pathways by PCR and western blotting. In addition, activators and inhibitors of ALDH2 were used to alter the activity of ALDH2. Finally, we established a model of hypoxia and reoxygenation in HK-2 cells and clarified the role of ALDH2 in IR by interfering with ALDH2 and using an NF-κB inhibitor. Results After kidney ischemia-reperfusion, the SCr value increased significantly, kidney tubular epithelial cells were damaged, and the apoptosis rate increased. In the microstructure, mitochondria were swollen and deformed, and ALDH2 deficiency aggravated these changes. The NF-κB pathway and IL-17 pathway were significantly enriched in ALDH2-/- mice compared with WT mice according to KEGG enrichment analysis of the RNA-seq data. The PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of IκBα and IL-17B, C, D, E, and F were significantly higher than those in the WT-IR group. Western blot verification results showed that ALHD2 knockdown resulted in increased phosphorylation of IκBα, increased phosphorylation of NF-κB, and increased expression of IL-17C. When we used ALDH2 agonists, the number of lesions and the expression levels of the corresponding proteins were reduced. Knockdown of ALDH2 in HK-2 cells resulted in a higher proportion of apoptotic cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation, but inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB prevented the increase in apoptosis and reduced the protein expression level of IL-17C. Conclusion ALDH2 deficiency can lead to the aggravation of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. RNA-seq analysis and validation by PCR and western blotting revealed that this effect may be due to the promotion of IκBα/NF-κB p65 phosphorylation during ischemia-reperfusion caused by ALDH2 deficiency, which then leads to an increase in inflammatory factors, including IL-17C. Thus, cell death is promoted, and kidney IRI is eventually aggravated. We link ALDH2 deficiency with inflammation, revealing a new idea for ALDH2-related research.
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Stenson EK, Kendrick J, Dixon B, Thurman JM. The complement system in pediatric acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 38:1411-1425. [PMID: 36203104 PMCID: PMC9540254 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade is an important part of the innate immune system. In addition to helping the body to eliminate pathogens, however, complement activation also contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of kidney diseases. Recent work has revealed that uncontrolled complement activation is the key driver of several rare kidney diseases in children, including atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. In addition, a growing body of literature has implicated complement in the pathogenesis of more common kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Complement-targeted therapeutics are in use for a variety of diseases, and an increasing number of therapeutic agents are under development. With the implication of complement in the pathogenesis of AKI, complement-targeted therapeutics could be trialed to prevent or treat this condition. In this review, we discuss the evidence that the complement system is activated in pediatric patients with AKI, and we review the role of complement proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Stenson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XSection of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13121 E 17th Avenue, MS8414, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Jessica Kendrick
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Bradley Dixon
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XRenal Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Joshua M. Thurman
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
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9
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Qi R, Qin W. Role of Complement System in Kidney Transplantation: Stepping From Animal Models to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811696. [PMID: 35281019 PMCID: PMC8913494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is a life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage renal diseases. Despite the advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive agents, the long-term graft survival remains a challenge. Growing evidence has shown that the complement system, part of the innate immune response, is involved in kidney transplantation. Novel insights highlighted the role of the locally produced and intracellular complement components in the development of inflammation and the alloreactive response in the kidney allograft. In the current review, we provide the updated understanding of the complement system in kidney transplantation. We will discuss the involvement of the different complement components in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury, delayed graft function, allograft rejection, and chronic allograft injury. We will also introduce the existing and upcoming attempts to improve allograft outcomes in animal models and in the clinical setting by targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Qi
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Seiler DL, Kleingarn M, Kähler KH, Gruner C, Schanzenbacher J, Ehlers-Jeske E, Kenno S, Sadik CD, Schmidt E, Bieber K, Köhl J, Ludwig RJ, Karsten CM. C5aR2 deficiency ameliorates inflammation in murine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita by regulating FcγRIIb expression on neutrophils. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2715-2723.e2. [PMID: 35007559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare blistering skin disease induced by autoantibodies directed against type VII collagen (COL7). Transfer of antibodies against murine COL7 (mCOL7) into mice mimics the effector phase of EBA and results in a subepidermal blistering phenotype. Activation of the complement system, and especially the C5a/C5aR1 axis driving neutrophil activation, are critical for EBA pathogenesis. However, the role of the alternative C5a receptor, C5aR2, which is commonly thought to be more immunosuppressive, in the pathogenesis of EBA is still elusive. Therefore, we sought to delineate the functional relevance of C5aR2 during the effector phase of EBA. Unexpectedly, C5aR2-deficient (C5ar2-/-) mice showed an attenuated disease phenotype, suggesting a pathogenic contribution of C5aR2 to disease progression. In vitro, C5ar2-/- neutrophils exhibited significantly reduced (Ca2+)i flux, reactive oxygen species release, and migratory capacity when activated with immune complexes or exposed to C5a. These functions were completely absent when C5ar1-/- neutrophils were activated. Moreover, C5aR2 deficiency more than tripled FcγRIIb expression on neutrophils thus lowering the A/I ratio of FcγRs and impeding the sustainment of inflammation. Collectively, we demonstrate here a pro-inflammatory contribution of C5aR2 to the pathogenesis of antibody-induced tissue damage in experimental EBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja H Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Caroline Gruner
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elvira Ehlers-Jeske
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Samyr Kenno
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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11
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New targets of morphine postconditioning protection of the myocardium in ischemia/reperfusion injury: Involvement of HSP90/Akt and C5a/NF-κB. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1552-1563. [PMID: 34722891 PMCID: PMC8525660 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the complement component 5a (C5a) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling is an important feature of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and recent studies show that morphine postconditioning (MP) attenuates the myocardial injury. However, the mediating cardioprotective mechanisms remain unclear. The present study explores the role and interaction of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), Akt, C5a, and NF-κB in MP-induced cardioprotection. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 160) were randomized into eight groups (n = 20 per group). Rats in the sham group underwent thoracotomy, passing the ligature through the heart but without tying it (150 min), and the other seven groups were subjected to 30 min of anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion and the following treatments: I/R (30 min of ischemia and followed by 2 h of reperfusion); ischemic postconditioning (IPostC, 30 s of ischemia altered with 30 s of reperfusion, repeated for three cycles, and followed by reperfusion for 2 h); MP (0.3 mg/kg morphine administration 10 min before reperfusion); MP combined with the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA, 1 mg/kg); MP combined with the Akt inhibitor GSK-690693 (GSK, 20 mg/kg); and MP combined with the C5a inhibitor PMX205 (PMX, 1 mg/kg/day, administration via drinking water for 28 days) and MP combined with the NF-κB inhibitor EVP4593 (QNZ, 1 mg/kg). All inhibitors were administered 10 min before morphine and followed by 2 h reperfusion. Results MP significantly reduced the I/R-induced infarct size, the apoptosis, and the release of cardiac troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase-MB. These beneficial effects were accompanied by increased expression of HSP90 and p-Akt, and decreased expression of C5a, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1. However, HSP90 inhibitor GA or Akt inhibitor GSK increased the expression of C5a and NF-κB and prevented MP-induced cardioprotection. Furthermore, GA inhibited the MP-induced upregulation of p-Akt, while GSK did not affect HSP90, indicating that p-Akt acts downstream of HSP90 in MP-induced cardioprotection. In addition, C5a inhibitor PMX enhanced the MP-induced downregulation of NF-κB, while NF-κB inhibitor QNZ had no effect on C5a, indicating that the C5a/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in MP-induced cardioprotection. Conclusion HSP90 is critical for MP-mediated cardioprotection possibly by promoting the phosphorylation of Akt and inhibiting the activation of C5a and NF-κB signaling and the subsequent myocardial inflammation, ultimately attenuating the infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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12
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Resolving the graft ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver transplantation at the single cell resolution. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:589. [PMID: 34103479 PMCID: PMC8187624 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) remains the major reason for impaired donor graft function and increased mortality post-liver transplantation. The mechanism of IRI involves multiple pathophysiological processes and numerous types of cells. However, a systematic and comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profile of intrahepatic cells during liver transplantation is still unclear. We performed a single-cell transcriptome analysis of 14,313 cells from liver tissues collected from pre-procurement, at the end of preservation and 2 h post-reperfusion. We made detailed annotations of mononuclear phagocyte, endothelial cell, NK/T, B and plasma cell clusters, and we described the dynamic changes of the transcriptome of these clusters during IRI and the interaction between mononuclear phagocyte clusters and other cell clusters. In addition, we found that TNFAIP3 interacting protein 3 (TNIP3), specifically and highly expressed in Kupffer cell clusters post-reperfusion, may have a protective effect on IRI. In summary, our study provides the first dynamic transcriptome map of intrahepatic cell clusters during liver transplantation at single-cell resolution.
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13
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Role of C5aR1 and C5L2 Receptors in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050974. [PMID: 33801177 PMCID: PMC7957510 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of C5a receptors (C5aR1 and C5L2) in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is uncertain. We generated an in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation with human proximal tubule epithelial cells to mimic some IRI events. C5aR1, membrane attack complex (MAC) and factor H (FH) deposits were evaluated with immunofluorescence. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction evaluated the expression of C5aR1, C5L2 genes as well as genes related to tubular injury, inflammation, and profibrotic pathways. Additionally, C5aR1 and C5L2 deposits were evaluated in kidney graft biopsies (KB) from transplant patients with delayed graft function (DGF, n = 12) and compared with a control group (n = 8). We observed higher immunofluorescence expression of C5aR1, MAC and FH as higher expression of genes related to tubular injury, inflammatory and profibrotic pathways and of C5aR1 in the hypoxic cells; whereas, C5L2 gene expression was unaffected by the hypoxic stimulus. Regarding KB, C5aR1 was detected in the apical and basal membrane of tubular epithelial cells, whereas C5L2 deposits were observed in endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries (PTC). DGF-KB showed more frequently diffuse C5aR1 staining and C5L2 compared to controls. In conclusion, C5aR1 expression is increased by hypoxia and IRI, both in vitro and in human biopsies with an acute injury. C5L2 expression in PTC could be related to endothelial cell damage during IRI.
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14
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Wang T, Zhou X, Kuang G, Jiang R, Guo X, Wu S, Wan J, Yin L. Paeoniflorin modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatic stellate cells activation to alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:338-346. [PMID: 33793876 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of Paeoniflorin on hepatic fibrosis and the specific mechanisms has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we explored whether Paeoniflorin exerted protective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A model of hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneally injecting with CCl4 (10% 5 μl/g) twice a week for 7 weeks. To explore the effects of Paeoniflorin, mice were treated with Paeoniflorin (100 mg/kg) by gavage once a day at 1 week after modeling until they were sacrificed. KEY FINDINGS Paeoniflorin remarkably improved liver function and histopathological changes of hepatic tissues in CCl4-induced liver injury. Besides, the serum MAO enzyme activity and hydroxyproline contents were notably decreased following the intervention of Paeoniflorin. The decreased expression of Vimentin, α-SMA, Col1a and Desmin manifested the inhibition of the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Interestingly, Paeoniflorin intervention significantly upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1, and attenuated the inflammatory cytokines production as well as the CCl4-induced oxidative stress imbalance. CONCLUSIONS Paeoniflorin could effectively alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, and it might be a new effective option for the comprehensive treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Wu MCL, Lee JD, Ruitenberg MJ, Woodruff TM. Absence of the C5a Receptor C5aR2 Worsens Ischemic Tissue Injury by Increasing C5aR1-Mediated Neutrophil Infiltration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2834-2839. [PMID: 33028618 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration to ischemic tissues following reperfusion worsens injury. A key driver of neutrophil recruitment and activation is the complement factor C5a, which signals through two receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2. In this study, we used a neutrophil-dependent mouse model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to investigate the underexplored role of C5aR2 in neutrophil mobilization, recruitment, and disease outcomes. We show that intestinal IR induces rapid neutrophil mobilization along with a concomitant reduction in plasma C5a levels that is driven by both C5aR1 and C5aR2. Intestinal IR in C5aR2-/- mice led to worsened intestinal damage and increased neutrophil infiltration. Inhibition of C5aR1 signaling in C5aR2-/- mice with PMX53 prevented neutrophil accumulation and reduced IR pathology, suggesting a key requirement for enhanced neutrophil C5aR1 activation in the absence of C5aR2 signaling. Interestingly, C5aR2 deficiency also reduced circulating neutrophil numbers after IR, as well as following G-CSF-mediated bone marrow mobilization, which was independent of C5aR1, demonstrating that C5aR2 has unique and distinct functions from C5aR1 in neutrophil egress. Despite enhanced tissue injury in C5aR2-/- IR mice, there were significant reductions in intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, highlighting complicated dual protective/pathogenic roles for C5aR2 in pathophysiology. Collectively, we show that C5aR2 is protective in intestinal IR by inhibiting C5aR1-mediated neutrophil recruitment to the ischemic tissue. This is despite the potentially local pathogenic effects of C5aR2 in increasing intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing circulating neutrophil numbers in response to mobilizing signals. Our data therefore suggest that this balance between the dual pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of C5aR2 ultimately dictates disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike C L Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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16
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Kreimann K, Jang MS, Rong S, Greite R, von Vietinghoff S, Schmitt R, Bräsen JH, Schiffer L, Gerstenberg J, Vijayan V, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Wang L, Karsten CM, Gwinner W, Haller H, Immenschuh S, Gueler F. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Triggers CXCL13 Release and B-Cell Recruitment After Allogenic Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1204. [PMID: 32849490 PMCID: PMC7424013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is linked with inflammation in kidney transplantation (ktx). The chemokine CXCL13, also known as B lymphocyte chemoattractant, mediates recruitment of B cells within follicles of lymphoid tissues and has recently been identified as a biomarker for acute kidney allograft rejection. The goal of this study was to explore whether IRI contributes to the up-regulation of CXCL13 levels in ktx. It is demonstrated that systemic levels of CXCL13 were increased in mouse models of uni- and bilateral renal IRI, which correlated with the duration of IRI. Moreover, in unilateral renal IRI CXCL13 expression in ischemic kidneys was up-regulated. Immunohistochemical studies revealed infiltration of CD22+ B-cells and, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis a higher number of cells expressing the CXCL13 receptor CXCR5, in ischemic kidneys 7 days post IRI, respectively. The potential relevance of these findings was also evaluated in a mouse model of ktx. Increased levels of serum CXCL13 correlated with the lengths of cold ischemia times and were further enhanced in allogenic compared to isogenic kidney transplants. Taken together, these findings indicate that IRI is associated with increased systemic levels of CXCL13 in renal IRI and ktx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kreimann
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mi-Sun Jang
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wilfried Gwinner
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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17
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Fiorentino M, Stallone G, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Castellano G. Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage. Front Immunol 2020; 11:734. [PMID: 32457738 PMCID: PMC7221190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of complement system in several kidney diseases suggests that this pillar of innate immunity has a critical role in the pathophysiology of renal damage of different etiologies. A growing body of experimental evidence indicates that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) such as delayed graft function (DGF) in transplant patients. AKI is characterized by the rapid loss of the kidney's excretory function and is a complex syndrome currently lacking a specific medical treatment to arrest or attenuate progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence suggests that independently from the initial trigger (i.e., sepsis or ischemia/reperfusions injury), an episode of AKI is strongly associated with an increased risk of subsequent CKD. The AKI-to-CKD transition may involve a wide range of mechanisms including scar-forming myofibroblasts generated from different sources, microvascular rarefaction, mitochondrial dysfunction, or cell cycle arrest by the involvement of epigenetic, gene, and protein alterations leading to common final signaling pathways [i.e., transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), p16 ink4a , Wnt/β-catenin pathway] involved in renal aging. Research in recent years has revealed that several stressors or complications such as rejection after renal transplantation can lead to accelerated renal aging with detrimental effects with the establishment of chronic proinflammatory cellular phenotypes within the kidney. Despite a greater understanding of these mechanisms, the role of complement system in the context of the AKI-to-CKD transition and renal inflammaging is still poorly explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings describing the role of complement in AKI-to-CKD transition. We will also address how and when complement inhibitors might be used to prevent AKI and CKD progression, therefore improving graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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18
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Zhang T, Wu KY, Ma N, Wei LL, Garstka M, Zhou W, Li K. The C5a/C5aR2 axis promotes renal inflammation and tissue damage. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134081. [PMID: 32191644 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C5a is a potent inflammatory mediator that binds C5aR1 and C5aR2. Although pathogenic roles of the C5a/C5aR1 axis in inflammatory disorders are well documented, the roles for the C5a/C5aR2 axis in inflammatory disorders and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the C5a/C5aR2 axis contributes to renal inflammation and tissue damage in a mouse model of acute pyelonephritis. Compared with WT littermates, C5ar2-/- mice had significantly reduced renal inflammation, tubular damage, and renal bacterial load following bladder inoculation with uropathogenic E. coli. The decrease in inflammatory responses in the kidney of C5ar2-/- mice was correlated with reduced intrarenal levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), NLRP3 inflammasome components, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β. In vitro, C5a stimulation of macrophages from C5ar1-/- mice (lacking C5aR1 but expressing C5aR2) led to significant upregulation of HMGB1 release, NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β secretion. Furthermore, blockade of HMGB1 significantly reduced C5a-mediated upregulation of NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in the macrophages, implying a HMGB1-dependent upregulation of NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Our findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for the C5a/C5aR2 axis in renal injury following renal infection and suggest that the C5a/C5aR2 axis contributes to renal inflammation and tissue damage through upregulation of HMGB1 and NLRP3/cleaved caspase-1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Yi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling-Lin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Malgorzata Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuding Zhou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Li XX, Lee JD, Kemper C, Woodruff TM. The Complement Receptor C5aR2: A Powerful Modulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 202:3339-3348. [PMID: 31160390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation generates the core effector protein C5a, a potent immune molecule that is linked to multiple inflammatory diseases. Two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), mediate the biological activities of C5a. Although C5aR1 has broadly acknowledged proinflammatory roles, C5aR2 remains at the center of controversy, with existing findings supporting both immune-activating and immune-dampening functions. Recent progress has been made toward resolving these issues. Instead of being a pure recycler and sequester of C5a, C5aR2 is capable of mediating its own set of signaling events and through these events exerting significant immunomodulatory effects not only toward C5aR1 but also other pattern recognition receptors and innate immune systems, such as NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review highlights the existing knowns and unknowns concerning C5aR2 and provides a timely update on recent breakthroughs which are expected to have a substantial impact on future fundamental and translational C5aR2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
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20
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Wang L, Vijayan V, Jang MS, Thorenz A, Greite R, Rong S, Chen R, Shushakova N, Tudorache I, Derlin K, Pradhan P, Madyaningrana K, Madrahimov N, Bräsen JH, Lichtinghagen R, van Kooten C, Huber-Lang M, Haller H, Immenschuh S, Gueler F. Labile Heme Aggravates Renal Inflammation and Complement Activation After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2975. [PMID: 31921212 PMCID: PMC6933315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) plays a major role in solid organ transplantation. The length of warm ischemia time is critical for the extent of tissue damage in renal IRI. In this experimental study we hypothesized that local release of labile heme in renal tissue is triggered by the duration of warm ischemia (15 vs. 45 min IRI) and mediates complement activation, cytokine release, and inflammation. Methods: To induce IRI, renal pedicle clamping was performed in male C57BL/6 mice for short (15 min) or prolonged (45 min) time periods. Two and 24 h after experimental ischemia tissue injury labile heme levels in the kidney were determined with an apo-horseradish peroxidase assay. Moreover, renal injury, cytokines, and C5a and C3a receptor (C5aR, C3aR) expression were determined by histology, immunohistochemistry and qPCR, respectively. In addition, in vitro studies stimulating bone marrow-derived macrophages with LPS and the combination of LPS and heme were performed and cytokine expression was measured. Results: Inflammation and local tissue injury correlated with the duration of warm ischemia time. Labile heme concentrations in renal tissue were significantly higher after prolonged (45 min) as compared to short (15 min) IRI. Notably, expression of the inducible heme-degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was up-regulated in kidneys after prolonged, but not after short IRI. C5aR, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as pERK were up-regulated after prolonged, but not after short ischemia times. Consecutively, neutrophil infiltration and up-regulation of pro-fibrotic cytokines such as CTGF and PAI were more pronounced in prolonged IRI in comparison to short IRI. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with LPS revealed that IL-6 expression was enhanced in the presence of heme. Finally, administration of the heme scavenger human serum albumin (HSA) reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, C3a receptor and improved tubular function indicated by enhanced alpha 1 microglobulin (A1M) absorption after IRI. Conclusions: Our data show that prolonged duration of warm ischemia time increased labile heme levels in the kidney, which correlates with IRI-dependent inflammation and up-regulation of anaphylatoxin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mi-Sun Jang
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anja Thorenz
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Derlin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Pooja Pradhan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kukuh Madyaningrana
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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21
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Rund KM, Peng S, Greite R, Claaßen C, Nolte F, Oger C, Galano JM, Balas L, Durand T, Chen R, Gueler F, Schebb NH. Dietary omega-3 PUFA improved tubular function after ischemia induced acute kidney injury in mice but did not attenuate impairment of renal function. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 146:106386. [PMID: 31698142 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complication after major surgery and solid organ transplantation. Here, we present a dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) supplementation study to investigate whether pre-treatment can reduce ischemia induced AKI in mice. METHODS Male 12-14 week old C57BL/6 J mice received a linoleic acid rich sunflower oil based standard diet containing 10 % fat (STD) or the same diet enriched with n3-PUFA (containing 1 % EPA and 1 % DHA) (STD + n3). After 14 days of feeding bilateral 30 min renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) was conducted to induce AKI and mice were sacrificed at 24 h. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as liver enzyme elevation were measured. Kidney damage was analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1) were determined by qPCR. FA and oxylipin pattern were quantified in blood and kidneys by GC-FID and LC-MS/MS, respectively. RESULTS n3-PUFA supplementation prior to renal IRI increased systemic and renal levels of n3-PUFA. Consistently, eicosanoids and other oxylipins derived from n3-PUFA including precursors of specialized pro-resolving mediators were elevated while n6-PUFA derived mediators such as pro-inflammatory prostaglandins were decreased. Feeding of n3-PUFA did not attenuate renal function impairment, morphological renal damage and inflammation characterized by IL-6 and MCP-1 elevation or neutrophil infiltration. However, the tubular transport marker alpha-1 microglobulin (A1M) was significantly higher expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells of STD + n3 compared to STD fed mice. This indicates a better integrity of proximal tubular epithelial cells and thus significant protection of tubular function. In addition, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which protects tubular function was also up-regulated in the treatment group receiving n3-PUFA supplemented chow. DISCUSSION We showed that n3-PUFA pre-treatment did not affect overall renal function or renal inflammation in a mouse model of moderate ischemia induced AKI, but tubular transport was improved. In conclusion, dietary n3-PUFA supplementation altered the oxylipin levels significantly but did not protect from renal function deterioration or attenuate ischemia induced renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Rund
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Shu Peng
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Thoracic surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Robert Greite
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelius Claaßen
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabian Nolte
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, France
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
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22
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Mueller-Ortiz SL, Shivshankar P, Wetsel RA. The Second Receptor for C5a, C5aR2, Is Detrimental to Mice during Systemic Infection with Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2701-2711. [PMID: 31597707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is acquired through ingestion of contaminated foods and may lead to systemic infection and possible death, with an overall 20% mortality rate. Our previous work using C5aR1-/- mice and C3aR-/- mice demonstrated that C5aR1 and C3aR both play powerful anti-inflammatory and prosurvival roles during systemic infection with L. monocytogenes In our current study, we have examined the role of the third anaphylatoxin receptor, C5aR2, in the host immune response to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. C5aR2-/- mice had significantly lower bacterial burdens in the spleens and livers on both day 1 and 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. The decreased bacterial burdens in the C5aR2-/- mice correlated with less liver damage and with improved survival of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen on day 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2-/- mice also produced significantly less G-CSF, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the serum, spleen, and liver on day 1 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2-/- and C5aR2+/+ mice produced similar amounts of IFN-γ in their spleens on day 1 postinfection. Purified naive splenocytes from C5aR2-/- mice produced significantly more IFN-γ and IL-12p70 during in vitro infection with L. monocytogenes compared with splenocytes from C5aR2+/+ mice in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Induction of IL-12 and IFN-γ early during infection with L. monocytogenes is protective to the host, and we believe this innate increased ability to produce more IL-12 and IFN-γ provided early protection to the C5aR2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Pooja Shivshankar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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23
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Grafals M, Thurman JM. The Role of Complement in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2380. [PMID: 31636644 PMCID: PMC6788431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current immunosuppressive protocols used in transplant recipients have improved short-term outcomes, but long-term allograft failure remains an important clinical problem. Greater understanding of the immunologic mechanisms that cause allograft failure are needed, as well as new treatment strategies for protecting transplanted organs. The complement cascade is an important part of the innate immune system. Studies have shown that complement activation contributes to allograft injury in several clinical settings, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and antibody mediated rejection. Furthermore, the complement system plays critical roles in modulating the responses of T cells and B cells to antigens. Therapeutic complement inhibitors, therefore, may be effective for protecting transplanted organs from several causes of inflammatory injury. Although several anti-complement drugs have shown promise in selected patients, the role of these drugs in transplantation medicine requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Grafals
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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24
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Black LM, Lever JM, Agarwal A. Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Double-edged Sword. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:663-681. [PMID: 31116067 PMCID: PMC6713973 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419852932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tissue injury initiates inflammatory and fibrotic processes that occur to promote regeneration and repair. After renal injury, damaged tissue releases cytokines and chemokines, which stimulate activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells to the kidney. Normal tissue repair processes occur simultaneously with activation of myofibroblasts, collagen deposition, and wound healing responses; however, prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cell types causes excess extracellular matrix deposition. This review focuses on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of specialized cell types, cytokines/chemokines, and growth factors, and their implications in recovery or exacerbation of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Black
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeremie M Lever
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Veterans Affairs, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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25
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Van Avondt K, Nur E, Zeerleder S. Mechanisms of haemolysis-induced kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:671-692. [PMID: 31455889 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular haemolysis is a fundamental feature of chronic hereditary and acquired haemolytic anaemias, including those associated with haemoglobinopathies, complement disorders and infectious diseases such as malaria. Destabilization of red blood cells (RBCs) within the vasculature results in systemic inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction, thrombophilia and proliferative vasculopathy. The haemoprotein scavengers haptoglobin and haemopexin act to limit circulating levels of free haemoglobin, haem and iron - potentially toxic species that are released from injured RBCs. However, these adaptive defence systems can fail owing to ongoing intravascular disintegration of RBCs. Induction of the haem-degrading enzyme haem oxygenase 1 (HO1) - and potentially HO2 - represents a response to, and endogenous defence against, large amounts of cellular haem; however, this system can also become saturated. A frequent adverse consequence of massive and/or chronic haemolysis is kidney injury, which contributes to the morbidity and mortality of chronic haemolytic diseases. Intravascular destruction of RBCs and the resulting accumulation of haemoproteins can induce kidney injury via a number of mechanisms, including oxidative stress and cytotoxicity pathways, through the formation of intratubular casts and through direct as well as indirect proinflammatory effects, the latter via the activation of neutrophils and monocytes. Understanding of the detailed pathophysiology of haemolysis-induced kidney injury offers opportunities for the design and implementation of new therapeutic strategies to counteract the unfavourable and potentially fatal effects of haemolysis on the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Avondt
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Haematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Haematology and Central Haematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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26
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Propofol can suppress renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Gene 2019; 708:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Sudan K, Vijayan V, Madyaningrana K, Gueler F, Igarashi K, Foresti R, Motterlini R, Immenschuh S. TLR4 activation alters labile heme levels to regulate BACH1 and heme oxygenase-1 expression in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:131-142. [PMID: 31026585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a stress-inducible enzyme that converts heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin, exerts important anti-inflammatory effects in activated macrophages. HO-1 expression is mainly governed by a mutual interplay between the transcriptional factor NRF2 and the nuclear repressor BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a heme sensor protein. In the current study we hypothesized that alterations in the levels of intracellular labile heme in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a prototypical pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonist, are responsible for BACH1-dependent HO-1 expression. To this end, labile heme was determined in both mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMDMs) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) using an apo-horseradish peroxidase-based assay. We found that LPS raised the levels of labile heme, depressed BACH1 protein and up-regulated HO-1 in mBMDMs. In contrast, in hMDMs LPS decreased labile heme levels while increasing BACH1 expression and down-regulating HO-1. These effects were abolished by the TLR4 antagonist TAK-242, suggesting that TLR4 activation triggers the signaling cascade leading to changes in the labile heme pool. Studies using mBMDMs from BACH1-/- and NRF2-/- mice revealed that regulation of HO-1 and levels of labile heme after LPS stimulation are strictly dependent on BACH1, but not NRF2. A strong interplay between BACH1-mediated HO-1 expression and intracellular levels of labile heme was also confirmed in hMDMs with siRNA knockdown studies and following inhibition of de novo heme synthesis with succinylacetone. Finally, CORM-401, a compound that liberates CO, counteracted LPS-dependent down-regulation of HO-1 and restored levels of labile heme in hMDMs. In conclusion, alterations of labile heme levels in macrophages following TLR4 stimulation play a crucial role in BACH1-mediated regulation of HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Sudan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kukuh Madyaningrana
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Roberta Foresti
- INSERM U955, Team 12, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Est, Creteil, France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- INSERM U955, Team 12, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Est, Creteil, France
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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28
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Miyabe Y, Miyabe C, Mani V, Mempel TR, Luster AD. Atypical complement receptor C5aR2 transports C5a to initiate neutrophil adhesion and inflammation. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaav5951. [PMID: 31076525 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractant-induced arrest of circulating leukocytes and their subsequent diapedesis is a fundamental component of inflammation. However, how tissue-derived chemoattractants are transported into the blood vessel lumen to induce leukocyte entry into tissue is not well understood. Here, intravital microscopy in live mice has shown that the "atypical" complement C5a receptor 2 (C5aR2) and the atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1) expressed on endothelial cells were required for the transport of C5a and CXCR2 chemokine ligands, respectively, into the vessel lumen in a murine model of immune complex-induced arthritis. Transported C5a was required to initiate C5aR1-mediated neutrophil arrest, whereas transported chemokines were required to initiate CXCR2-dependent neutrophil transdendothelial migration. These findings provide new insights into how atypical chemoattractant receptors collaborate with "classical" signaling chemoattractant receptors to control distinct steps in the recruitment of neutrophils into tissue sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshishige Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vinidhra Mani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Gu Q, Chen M, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yang H, Shi Q. Haem oxygenase-1 induction prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast apoptosis through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 signalling pathway. J Orthop Translat 2019; 19:29-37. [PMID: 31844611 PMCID: PMC6896674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-dose glucocorticoid (GC) therapy always causes osteoporosis partly by inducing osteoblast apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of GC-induced apoptosis remain elusive. Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective protein that rescues cells from H2O2 or high glucose-induced apoptosis. In bone metabolism, HO-1 also participates in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of HO-1 against GC-induced osteoblast apoptosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods Mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with dexamethasone (Dex) for 24 h in the presence or absence of cobalt (III) protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPP, an inducer of HO-1). In some experiments, U0126 was added to the culture 1 h before CoPP treatment. The induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Cell viability was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression levels of Bax and bcl-2 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. HO-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and pERK1/2 protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis. Results Dex promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell viability in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, Dex significantly increased Bax expression and reduced Bcl-2 expression. The expression of HO-1 was also reduced after Dex treatment. HO-1 induction by CoPP significantly attenuated Dex-induced apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V/PI staining. The mRNA expression level of antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 was also increased after CoPP treatment. Moreover, CoPP treatment increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. U0126, an inhibitor of ERK activation, significantly abrogated the protective effects of CoPP. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that HO-1 induction by CoPP can attenuate Dex-induced apoptosis of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The antiapoptotic effect of HO-1 induction may be correlated with the activation of ERK1/2 signalling pathway. The translational potential of this article: HO-1 induction by CoPP can prevent GC-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Our findings will highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction in GC-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Formation of trans-epoxy fatty acids correlates with formation of isoprostanes and could serve as biomarker of oxidative stress. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106334. [PMID: 31009766 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, epoxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids (epoxy-PUFA) are enzymatically formed from naturally occurring all-cis PUFA by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases leading to the generation of cis-epoxy-PUFA (mixture of R,S- and S,R-enantiomers). In addition, also non-enzymatic chemical peroxidation gives rise to epoxy-PUFA leading to both, cis- and trans-epoxy-PUFA (mixture of R,R- and S,S-enantiomers). Here, we investigated for the first time trans-epoxy-PUFA and the trans/cis-epoxy-PUFA ratio as potential new biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Their formation was analyzed in correlation with the formation of isoprostanes (IsoP), which are commonly used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Five oxidative stress models were investigated including incubations of three human cell lines as well as the in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) and analysis of murine kidney tissue after renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). A comprehensive set of IsoP and epoxy-PUFA derived from biologically relevant PUFA (ARA, EPA and DHA) was simultaneously quantified by LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS. Following renal IRI only a moderate increase in the kidney levels of IsoP and no relevant change in the trans/cis-epoxy-PUFA ratio was observed. In all investigated cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2 and Caki-2) as well as C. elegans a dose dependent increase of both, IsoP and the trans/cis-epoxy-PUFA ratio in response to the applied t-BOOH was observed. The different cell lines showed a distinct time dependent pattern consistent for both classes of autoxidatively formed oxylipins. Clear and highly significant correlations of the trans/cis-epoxy-PUFA ratios with the IsoP levels were found in all investigated cell lines and C. elegans. Based on this, we suggest the trans/cis-epoxy-PUFA ratio as potential new biomarker of oxidative stress, which warrants further investigation.
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31
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Yang Q, Wang Y, Pei G, Deng X, Jiang H, Wu J, Zhou C, Guo Y, Yao Y, Zeng R, Xu G. Bone marrow-derived Ly6C - macrophages promote ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:291. [PMID: 30926787 PMCID: PMC6440948 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in renal injury and repair after acute kidney injury (AKI) and the subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) that often results. However, as macrophages have a high degree of plasticity and heterogeneity, the function(s) of macrophage subtypes in AKI-to-CKD progression are not fully understood. Here, we focused on Ly6C− macrophages, which are derived from the embryonic yolk sac and post-development become resident in the kidneys. We found that C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) deficiency, which blocks the migration of Ly6C+ macrophages from the bone marrow to the sites of injury, alleviated ischemia-induced AKI in mice. Unexpectedly, though, CCR2 deficiency worsened the subsequent renal fibrosis, which was marked by notable intra-renal infiltration of Ly6C− macrophages. These Ly6C− macrophages were greater in number in both the acute and chronic phases after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in kidneys of wild type (WT) mice, and we showed them to be derived from the bone marrow by bone marrow chimerism. Clodronate Liposomes (CLs)-mediated depletion of renal Ly6C− macrophages in CCR2−/− mice or in WT mice after I/R alleviated the renal injury and fibrosis. On the contrary, adoptive transfer of Ly6C− macrophages from injured kidneys of WT mice into immune-deficient mice was sufficient to induce renal injury and fibrosis. Transcriptome sequencing of Ly6C− macrophages from injured kidneys revealed that they secreted various cytokines and growth factors, which were associated with the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. This transdifferentiation effect was further supported by in vitro studies showing that Ly6C− macrophages induced the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins from co-cultured fibroblasts. In conclusion, the presence of bone marrow-derived Ly6C− macrophages after ischemia induces AKI and worsens subsequent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guangchang Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Division of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Zhuo Y, Zhuo J. Tranilast Treatment Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through the Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses Mediated by NF-κB and PPARs. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 12:196-202. [PMID: 30548101 PMCID: PMC6440572 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when blood supply returns to tissue after interruption, which is associated with life‐threatening inflammatory response. Tranilast is a widely used antiallergic agent in the treatment against bronchial asthma and keloid. To study the function of tranilast, we used IRI in rat models. The brain tissues of IRI rats with or without tranilast treatment were collected. Neuronal apoptosis in the brain was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling assay, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), inhibitor of κB (IκB) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that tranilast treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis in the brain of IRI rats. Tranilast enhanced the short‐term memory and long‐term memory to novel object recognition paradigm. Tranilast treatment decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, and affected NF‐κB and inhibitor of kappa B protein expressions. Tranilast promoted the expressions of PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ. Our findings demonstrate that tranilast treatment could attenuate cerebral IRI by regulating the inflammatory cytokine production and PPAR expression. Tranilast is a potential drug for IRI treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhuo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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