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Han C, He C, Ding X, Li Z, Peng T, Zhang C, Chen H, Zuo Z, Huang J, Hu W. WWC1 upregulation accelerates hyperuricemia by reduction in renal uric acid excretion through Hippo signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107485. [PMID: 38906255 PMCID: PMC11301351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid (UA), primarily attributed to the hepatic overproduction and renal underexcretion of UA. Despite the elucidation of molecular pathways associated with this underexcretion, the etiology of HUA remains largely unknown. In our study, using by Uox knockout rats, HUA mouse, and cell line models, we discovered that the increased WWC1 levels were associated with decreased renal UA excretion. Additionally, using knockdown and overexpression approaches, we found that WWC1 inhibited UA excretion in renal tubular epithelial cells. Mechanistically, WWC1 activated the Hippo pathway, leading to phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the downstream transcription factor YAP1, thereby impairing the ABCG2 and OAT3 expression through transcriptional regulation. Consequently, this reduction led to a decrease in UA excretion in renal tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, our study has elucidated the role of upregulated WWC1 in renal tubular epithelial cells inhibiting the excretion of UA in the kidneys and causing HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyong He
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tianyun Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chensong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haibing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Chronic Glomerular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Mak A, Sung CC, Pisitkun T, Khositseth S, Knepper MA. 'Aquaporin-omics': mechanisms of aquaporin-2 loss in polyuric disorders. J Physiol 2024; 602:3191-3206. [PMID: 37114282 PMCID: PMC10603215 DOI: 10.1113/jp284634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of a variety of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) disorders have identified a common feature: all such models are associated with the loss of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from collecting duct principal cells, explaining the associated polyuria. To discover mechanisms of AQP2 loss, previous investigators have carried out either transcriptomics (lithium-induced NDI, unilateral ureteral obstruction, endotoxin-induced NDI) or proteomics (hypokalaemia-associated NDI, hypercalcaemia-associated NDI, bilateral ureteral obstruction), yielding contrasting views. Here, to address whether there may be common mechanisms underlying loss of AQP2 in acquired NDI disorders, we have used bioinformatic data integration techniques to combine information from all transcriptomic and proteomic data sets. The analysis reveals roles for autophagy/apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling as key elements of the mechanism that results in loss of AQP2. These processes can cause AQP2 loss through the combined effects of repression of Aqp2 gene transcription, generalized translational repression, and increased autophagic degradation of proteins including AQP2. Two possible types of stress-sensor proteins, namely death receptors and stress-sensitive protein kinases of the EIF2AK family, are discussed as potential triggers for signalling processes that result in loss of AQP2. KEY POINTS: Prior studies have shown in a variety of animal models of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) that loss of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) protein is a common feature. Investigations of acquired NDI using transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and proteomics (protein mass spectrometry) have led to differing conclusions regarding mechanisms of AQP2 loss. Bioinformatic integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data from these prior studies now reveals that acquired NDI models map to three core processes: oxidative stress, apoptosis/autophagy and inflammatory signalling. These processes cause loss of AQP2 through translational repression, accelerated degradation of proteins, and transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mak
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chih-Chien Sung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sookkasem Khositseth
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok,Thailand
| | - Mark A. Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qin J, Lan HY, Wang L, Huang Y, Mak KK, Zheng Z, Xia Y. Activation of the YAP/KLF5 transcriptional cascade in renal tubular cells aggravates kidney injury. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1526-1539. [PMID: 38414248 PMCID: PMC11081877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo/YAP pathway plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Our previous work demonstrated that renal tubular YAP activation induced by double knockout (dKO) of the upstream Hippo kinases Mst1 and Mst2 promotes tubular injury and renal inflammation under basal conditions. However, the importance of tubular YAP activation remains to be established in injured kidneys in which many other injurious pathways are simultaneously activated. Here, we show that tubular YAP was already activated 6 h after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubular YAP deficiency greatly attenuated tubular cell overproliferation, tubular injury, and renal inflammation induced by UUO or cisplatin. YAP promoted the transcription of the transcription factor KLF5. Consistent with this, the elevated expression of KLF5 and its target genes in Mst1/2 dKO or UUO kidneys was blocked by ablation of Yap in tubular cells. Inhibition of KLF5 prevented tubular cell overproliferation, tubular injury, and renal inflammation in Mst1/2 dKO kidneys. Therefore, our results demonstrate that tubular YAP is a key player in kidney injury. YAP and KLF5 form a transcriptional cascade, where tubular YAP activation induced by kidney injury promotes KLF5 transcription. Activation of this cascade induces tubular cell overproliferation, tubular injury, and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of the Ministry of Education, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kingston Kinglun Mak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Xu X, Khunsriraksakul C, Eales JM, Rubin S, Scannali D, Saluja S, Talavera D, Markus H, Wang L, Drzal M, Maan A, Lay AC, Prestes PR, Regan J, Diwadkar AR, Denniff M, Rempega G, Ryszawy J, Król R, Dormer JP, Szulinska M, Walczak M, Antczak A, Matías-García PR, Waldenberger M, Woolf AS, Keavney B, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Wystrychowski W, Zywiec J, Bogdanski P, Danser AHJ, Samani NJ, Guzik TJ, Morris AP, Liu DJ, Charchar FJ, Tomaszewski M. Genetic imputation of kidney transcriptome, proteome and multi-omics illuminates new blood pressure and hypertension targets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2359. [PMID: 38504097 PMCID: PMC10950894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) regulation remain poorly defined. Using kidney-specific epigenomic annotations and 3D genome information we generated and validated gene expression prediction models for the purpose of transcriptome-wide association studies in 700 human kidneys. We identified 889 kidney genes associated with BP of which 399 were prioritised as contributors to BP regulation. Imputation of kidney proteome and microRNAome uncovered 97 renal proteins and 11 miRNAs associated with BP. Integration with plasma proteomics and metabolomics illuminated circulating levels of myo-inositol, 4-guanidinobutanoate and angiotensinogen as downstream effectors of several kidney BP genes (SLC5A11, AGMAT, AGT, respectively). We showed that genetically determined reduction in renal expression may mimic the effects of rare loss-of-function variants on kidney mRNA/protein and lead to an increase in BP (e.g., ENPEP). We demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.81) in expression of protein-coding genes between cells harvested from urine and the kidney highlighting a diagnostic potential of urinary cell transcriptomics. We uncovered adenylyl cyclase activators as a repurposing opportunity for hypertension and illustrated examples of BP-elevating effects of anticancer drugs (e.g. tubulin polymerisation inhibitors). Collectively, our studies provide new biological insights into genetic regulation of BP with potential to drive clinical translation in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - James M Eales
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastien Rubin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Scannali
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sushant Saluja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Talavera
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Havell Markus
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lida Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maciej Drzal
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Akhlaq Maan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Priscilla R Prestes
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Jeniece Regan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Grzegorz Rempega
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Ryszawy
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert Król
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - John P Dormer
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Monika Szulinska
- Department of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders Treatment and Clinical Dietetics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Walczak
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Department of Urology and Uro-oncology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pamela R Matías-García
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Wojciech Wystrychowski
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Zywiec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel Bogdanski
- Department of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders Treatment and Clinical Dietetics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.
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Zhang F, Chu M, Liu J, Zhao Q, Zhu Y, Wu X. Shikonin Suppresses Cell Tumorigenesis in Gastric Cancer Associated with the Inhibition of c-Myc and Yap-1. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1919-1929. [PMID: 37957853 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073254088231020082912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to study the potential roles and mechanisms of shikonin in gastric cancer by network pharmacology and biological experiments. METHODS The key genes and targets of shikonin in gastric cancer were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking study. The effect of shikonin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells was detected by the CCK8 method, and wound healing and transwell assays. The expression levels of c-Myc and Yap-1 were detected via western blotting in gastric cancer cells after shikonin intervention. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology revealed the key target genes of shikonin on gastric cancer cells to be c-Myc, Yap-1, AKT1, etc. GO and KEGG analysis showed regulation of cell migration, proliferation, adhesion, and other biological processes, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, necroptosis, and other cancer pathways. Molecular docking showed shikonin to be most closely combined with protooncogenes c-Myc and Yap-1. In vitro experiments showed that the proliferation rate, migration, and invasion ability of the gastric cancer cell group decreased significantly after shikonin intervention for 24h. The expression levels of c-Myc and Yap-1 in gastric cancer cells were found to be significantly decreased after shikonin intervention. CONCLUSION This study showed protooncogenes c-Myc and Yap-1 to be the core target genes of shikonin on gastric cancer cells. Shikonin may suppress gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the protooncogenes c-Myc and Yap-1. This suggests that shikonin may be a good candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Mingliang Chu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xuefang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
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Klussmann E. Aquaporin-2 is not alone. Kidney Int 2023; 103:458-460. [PMID: 36822749 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin induces water reabsorption in collecting duct principal cells through the water channels aquaporin (AQP) 2, 3, and 4. Only the presence of these AQPs allows for short-term adjustments of plasma osmolality by arginine-vasopressin. How principal cells maintain the expression of the AQPs is unclear. Zhang et al., for the first time, identify a mechanism that explains the expression of the AQPs under resting conditions. They show that the transcription coregulator, yes-associated protein, is responsible for the coordinated expression of the 3 AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Klussmann
- Research Area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardio vascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
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