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Kubiak J, Morgan A, Kirmaier A, Arnaout R, Riedel S. Universal PCR for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi: a 10-year retrospective review of clinical indications and patient outcomes. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0095223. [PMID: 38014970 PMCID: PMC10729690 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00952-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our work provides a retrospective analysis of universal PCR orders for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi across our institution across a 10-year period. We assessed the positivity rates for this diagnostic tool by test type and specimen type and, critically, studied whether and how the results influenced the outcomes from treatment change, to readmission, to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kubiak
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Kirmaier
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramy Arnaout
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Riedel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hou Y, Chen R, Wang Z, Lu R, Wang Y, Ren S, Li S, Wang Y, Han T, Yang S, Zhou H, Gao Z. Bio-barcode assay: A useful technology for ultrasensitive and logic-controlled specific detection in food safety: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341351. [PMID: 37257972 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is one of the greatest public health challenges. Developing ultrasensitive detection methods for analytes at ultra-trace levels is, therefore, essential. In recent years, the bio-barcode assay (BCA) has emerged as an effective ultrasensitive detection strategy that is based on the indirect amplification of various DNA probes. This review systematically summarizes the progress of fluorescence, PCR, and colorimetry-based BCA methods for the detection of various contaminants, including pathogenic bacteria, toxins, pesticides, antibiotics, and other chemical substances in food in over 120 research papers. Current challenges, including long experimental times and strict storage conditions, and the prospects for the application of BCA in biomedicine and environmental analyses, have also been discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China; Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China; Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Lu
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Han
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
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Fan Q, Xie Z, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Xie L, Huang J, Zeng T, Wang S, Luo S, Li M. Development of a visual multiplex fluorescent LAMP assay for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and bluetongue viruses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278451. [PMID: 36480573 PMCID: PMC9731490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification technique that can be used to amplify target genes at a constant temperature, and it has several advantages, including convenience, specificity and sensitivity. However, due to the special interpretation methods of this technology for reaction results, all the previously reported LAMP detection methods have been restricted to identifying a single target, which limits the application of this technology. In this study, we modified conventional LAMP to include a quencher-fluorophore composite probe complementary to the F1c segment of the inner primer FIP; upon strand separation, a gain in the visible fluorescent signal was observed. The probes could be labeled with different fluorophores, showing different colors at the corresponding wavelengths. Therefore, this multiplex LAMP (mLAMP) assay can simultaneously detect 1-3 target sequences in a single LAMP reaction tube, and the results are more accurate and intuitive. In this study, we comprehensively demonstrated a single-reaction mLAMP assay for the robust detection of three cattle viruses without nonspecific amplification of other related pathogenic cattle viruses. The detection limit of this mLAMP assay was as low as 526-2477 copies/reaction for the recombinant plasmids. It is expected that this mLAMP assay can be widely used in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - You Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Vicent L, Goenaga MA, Muñoz P, Marín-Arriaza M, Valerio M, Fariñas MC, Cobo-Belaustegui M, de Alarcón A, Rodríguez-Esteban MÁ, Miró JM, Goikoetxea-Agirre AJ, de Castro Campos D, García-Vázquez E, Martínez-Sellés M. Infective endocarditis in children and adolescents: a different profile with clinical implications. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1400-1406. [PMID: 35149848 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to compare pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) with the clinical profile and outcomes of IE in adults. METHODS Prospective multicenter registry in 31 Spanish hospitals including all patients with a diagnosis of IE from 2008 to 2020. RESULTS A total of 5590 patients were included, 49 were <18 years (0.1%). Congenital heart disease (CHD) was present in 31 children and adolescents (63.2%). Right-sided location was more common in children/adolescents than in adults (46.9% vs. 6.3%, P < 0.001). Pediatric pulmonary IE was more frequent in patients with CHD (48.4%) than in those without (5.6%), P = 0.004. Staphylococcus aureus etiology tended to be more common in pediatric patients (32.7%) than in adults (22.3%), P = 0.082. Heart failure was less common in pediatric patients than in adults, due to the lower rate of heart failure in children/adolescents with CHD (9.6%) with respect to those without CHD (44.4%), P = 0.005. Inhospital mortality was high in both children, and adolescents and adults (16.3% vs. 25.9%; P = 0.126). CONCLUSIONS Most IE cases in children and adolescents are seen in patients with CHD that have a more common right-sided location and a lower prevalence of heart failure than patients without CHD. IE in children and adolescents without CHD has a more similar profile to IE in adults. IMPACT Infective endocarditis (IE) in children and adolescents is often seen in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Right-sided location is the most common in patients with CHD and heart failure is less common as a complication compared with patients without CHD. Infective endocarditis (IE) in children/adolescents without CHD has a more similar profile to IE in adults. In children/adolescents without CHD, locations were similar to adults, including a predominance of left-sided IE. Acute heart failure was the most frequent complication, seen mainly in adults, and in children/adolescents without CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Vicent
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Goenaga
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donosti, ISS Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín-Arriaza
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Fariñas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Arístides de Alarcón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Infectious Diseases Research Group. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Rodríguez-Esteban
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisa García-Vázquez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, IMIB, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donosti, ISS Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain. .,Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Europea, Universidad Complutense, Calle Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
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Kouijzer JJP, Noordermeer DJ, van Leeuwen WJ, Verkaik NJ, Lattwein KR. Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995508. [PMID: 36263017 PMCID: PMC9574252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening microbial infection of native and prosthetic heart valves, endocardial surface, and/or indwelling cardiac device. Prevalence of IE is increasing and mortality has not significantly improved despite technological advances. This review provides an updated overview using recent literature on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, imaging, causative pathogens, treatment, and outcomes in native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related IE. In addition, the experimental approaches used in IE research to improve the understanding of disease mechanisms and the current diagnostic pipelines are discussed, as well as potential innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This will ultimately help towards deriving better diagnostic tools and treatments to improve IE patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop J. P. Kouijzer
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Joop J. P. Kouijzer,
| | - Daniëlle J. Noordermeer
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. van Leeuwen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nelianne J. Verkaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kirby R. Lattwein
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Epidemiology, burden, and attributable risks of infective endocarditis in Iran and its provinces: From 1990 to 2019. Int J Cardiol 2022; 363:202-209. [PMID: 35777487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocarditis is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality and an escalating incidence in recent decades. In this study, as a part of the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study, we intend to report endocarditis burden in Iran at national and provincial levels from 1990 to 2019. METHOD This study was conducted using GBD 2019 study data on endocarditis from 1990 to 2019. We gathered incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates in Iran and its 31 provinces by sex and age groups as epidemiological indices for endocarditis burden. Further decomposition analysis was also performed to delineate the endocarditis new cases trend. RESULTS On the country scale, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate were (16.5 (95% uncertainty interval 13.7 to 19.8), 3.4 (2.9 to 4.1), 0.6 (0.5 to 0.9), and 14.4 (12.0 to 21.1) in 2019, respectively. Decomposition analysis showed that only 59.2% of the overall new cases increase (114.1%) was caused by the incidence rate change. All estimated age-standardized rates were higher in men in 1990 and 2019 with a ratio of 1.1-1.5. CONCLUSION The ASIR and ASPR of endocarditis increased, and the ASMR and age-standardized DALYs rate declined over the past 30 years in Iran, nearly all the provinces followed the same pattern with North Khorasan having the Highest ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and DALYs rates in both years. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) had the greatest attributed burden among risk factors.
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Determining the Clinical Utility of 16S rRNA Sequencing in the Management of Culture-Negative Pediatric Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020159. [PMID: 35203762 PMCID: PMC8868208 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of 16S rRNA sequencing in culture-negative infections has improved identification of bacterial pathogens in select scenarios, but its clinical impact requires further elucidation, especially in the pediatric population. This retrospective study aims to determine the clinical utility of 16S rRNA sequencing on the clinical management of pediatric culture-negative infections in our institution. Significant clinical utility was identified in 30 (40.5%) of 74 clinical samples (p < 0.0001). Of all specimens, pulmonary samples yielded the most clinical utility (n = 9, 30%), followed equally by joint fluid (n = 6, 20%) and bone (n = 6, 20%), with no difference between fluid and fresh tissue specimens (p = 0.346). Although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.4111), the overall use of broad-spectrum coverage was decreased. The median number of antibiotics was decreased from two to one (p < 0.0001) based on 16S rRNA sequencing results. The results suggest that 16S rRNA sequencing has a significant impact on decreasing the number of antibiotics used in the treatment of pediatric culture-negative infections. 16S rRNA sequencing performed on pulmonary specimens has the highest likelihood of identifying a pathogen compared to other specimen types. Additional cost–benefit analysis needs to be completed to further determine clinical benefit.
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Fungal endocarditis after type a dissection, a positive outcome from Candida parapsilosis prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis and aortic graft infection: A testament to multidisciplinary practice. CLINICAL INFECTION IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fida M, Khalil S, Abu Saleh O, Challener DW, Sohail MR, Yang JN, Pritt BS, Schuetz AN, Patel R. Diagnostic Value of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sanger Sequencing in Clinical Practice. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:961-968. [PMID: 34407178 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate microbiologic diagnosis is important for appropriate management of infectious diseases. Sequencing-based molecular diagnostics are increasingly used for precision diagnosis of infections. However, their clinical utility is unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of specimens that underwent 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing at our institution from April 2017 through March 2019. RESULTS A total of 566 specimens obtained from 460 patients were studied. Patients were considered clinically infected or noninfected based on final diagnosis and management. In 17% of patients, 16S rRNA PCR/sequencing was positive and in 5% of patients, this test led to an impact on clinical care. In comparison, bacterial cultures were positive in 21% of patients. Specimens with a positive Gram stain had 12 times greater odds of having a positive molecular result than those with a negative Gram stain (95% confidence interval for odds ratio, 5.2-31.4). Overall, PCR positivity was higher in cardiovascular specimens (37%) obtained from clinically infected patients, with bacterial cultures being more likely to be positive for musculoskeletal specimens (P < .001). 16S rRNA PCR/sequencing identified a probable pathogen in 10% culture-negative specimens. CONCLUSION 16S rRNA PCR/sequencing can play a role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with culture-negative infections, especially those with cardiovascular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Fida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarwat Khalil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Omar Abu Saleh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas W Challener
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Sohail
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua N Yang
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bobbi S Pritt
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Audrey N Schuetz
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Anton-Vazquez V, Dworakowski R, Cannata A, Amin-Youssef G, Gunning M, Papachristidis A, MacCarthy P, Baghai M, Deshpande R, Khan H, Byrne J, Fife A. 16S rDNA PCR for the aetiological diagnosis of culture-negative infective endocarditis. Infection 2021; 50:243-249. [PMID: 34490592 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Culture-negative infective endocarditis (IE) accounts for 7-31% of all cases. Metagenomics has contributed to improving the aetiological diagnosis of IE patients undergoing valve surgery. We assessed the impact of 16S ribosomal DNA gene polymerase chain reaction (16S rDNA PCR) in the aetiological diagnosis of culture-negative IE. METHODS Between January 2016 and January 2020, clinical data from culture-negative IE patients were reviewed retrospectively. Identification of bacteria was performed using 16S rDNA PCR in heart valve specimens. RESULTS 36 out of 313 patients (12%) with culture-negative IE had their valve tissue specimens submitted for 16S rDNA PCR. 16S rDNA PCR detected and identified bacterial nucleic acid in heart valve tissue significantly more frequently compared to valve culture alone 25(70%) vs 5(12%); p < 0.05. Mean age was 57 years (SD 18) and 80% were male. Native and aortic valve were involved in 76% and 52% of cases, respectively. Streptococcus spp. (n 15) were the most commonly detected organisms, followed by bacteria of the HACEK group (Haemophilus parainfluenzae 2, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans 1), nutritionally variant streptococci (Abiotrophia defectiva 2), and one each of Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Helcococcus kunzii, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Tropheryma whipplei. CONCLUSION 16S rDNA PCR may be a useful diagnostic tool for the identification of the causative organism in culture-negative IE. Efforts towards a shorter turnaround time for results should be consider and further studies assessing the clinical impact of this technique in culture-negative IE are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Anton-Vazquez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Rafal Dworakowski
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Antonio Cannata
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - George Amin-Youssef
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Margaret Gunning
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Alexandros Papachristidis
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Phil MacCarthy
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Max Baghai
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ranjit Deshpande
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Habib Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Jonathan Byrne
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Amanda Fife
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
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Rodríguez-García R, Rodríguez-Esteban MÁ, Fernández-Suárez J, Morilla A, García-Carús E, Telenti M, Morales C, Albaiceta GM, Fernández J. Evaluation of 16S rDNA Heart Tissue PCR as a Complement to Blood Cultures for the Routine Etiological Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1372. [PMID: 34441306 PMCID: PMC8394467 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the causative pathogen is required to optimize the effective therapy in infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to assess a 16S rDNA PCR to identify bacteria from heart valve tissues and to evaluate its usefulness as a complement to blood and removed valves cultures. A total of 266 patients diagnosed with IE from January 2015 to December 2019 were evaluated. Results between 16S rDNA PCR from heart valve tissues were compared with microbiological cultures. Blood cultures were positive in 83.5% of patients diagnosed with IE, while 39.6% and 71.8% of the evaluated heart valve samples were positive by culture and 16S rDNA PCR, respectively. For 32 (12%) patients, 16S rDNA tissue PCR provided valuable information supporting the results of blood cultures in the case of bacteria characteristic from the skin microbiota. Additionally, a microorganism was identified by using 16S rDNA PCR in 36% of blood culture-negative cases. The present study reveals that molecular diagnosis using 16S rDNA tissue PCR provides complementary information for the diagnosis of IE, and it should be recommended in surgical endocarditis, especially when blood cultures are negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodríguez-García
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.R.-G.); (M.Á.R.-E.); (G.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Rodríguez-Esteban
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.R.-G.); (M.Á.R.-E.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Jonathan Fernández-Suárez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Ana Morilla
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Enrique García-Carús
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Mauricio Telenti
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlos Morales
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Muñiz Albaiceta
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.R.-G.); (M.Á.R.-E.); (G.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (A.M.); (M.T.)
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Jamshidifar E, Eshrati Yeganeh F, Shayan M, Tavakkoli Yaraki M, Bourbour M, Moammeri A, Akbarzadeh I, Noorbazargan H, Hossein-Khannazer N. Super Magnetic Niosomal Nanocarrier as a New Approach for Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Case Study on SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7948. [PMID: 34360714 PMCID: PMC8347826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a magnetic niosomal nanocarrier for co-delivery of curcumin and letrozole into breast cancer cells has been designed. The magnetic NiCoFe2O4 core was coated by a thin layer of silica, followed by a niosomal structure, allowing us to load letrozole and curcumin into the silica layer and niosomal layer, respectively, and investigate their synergic effects on breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the nanocarriers demonstrated a pH-dependent release due to the niosomal structure at their outer layer, which is a promising behavior for cancer treatment. Additionally, cellular assays revealed that the nanocarriers had low cellular uptake in the case of non-tumorigenic cells (i.e., MCF-10A) and related high viability but high cellular uptake in cancer cell lines (i.e., MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) and related low viability, which is evidenced in their high cytotoxicity against different breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the letrozole/curcumin co-loaded nanocarrier is higher than that of the aqueous solutions of both drugs, indicating their enhanced cellular uptake in their encapsulated states. In particular, NiCoFe2O4@L-Silica-L@C-Niosome showed the highest cytotoxicity effects on MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. The observed cytotoxicity was due to regulation of the expression levels of the studied genes in breast cancer cells, where downregulation was observed for the Bcl-2, MMP 2, MMP 9, cyclin D, and cyclin E genes while upregulation of the expression of the Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 genes was observed. The flow cytometry results also revealed that NiCoFe2O4@L-Silica-L@C-Niosome enhanced the apoptosis rate in both MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells compared to the control samples. The findings of our research show the potential of designing magnetic niosomal formulations for simultaneous targeted delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs into cancer cells in order to enhance their synergic chemotherapeutic effects. These results could open new avenues into the future of nanomedicine and the development of theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jamshidifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417935840, Iran;
| | - Faten Eshrati Yeganeh
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mona Shayan
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 1696700, Iran;
| | | | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993891176, Iran;
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran;
| | - Iman Akbarzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6718773654, Iran;
| | - Hassan Noorbazargan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6718773654, Iran;
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6718773654, Iran;
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Development of high level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) in Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp isolates from patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0252220. [PMID: 34252304 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02522-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species are fastidious organisms, representing around 1%-3% of infective endocarditis (IE). Little is known about the optimal antibiotic treatment of these species, and daptomycin has been suggested as a therapeutic option. We describe the antimicrobial profile in Abiotrophia and Granulicatella IE isolates, investigate high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) development and evaluate daptomycin activity in combination therapy. In vitro studies with 16 IE strains (6 A. defectiva, 9 G. adiacens and 1 G. elegans) were performed using microdilution to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill methodology to evaluate combination therapy. Daptomycin non-susceptibility (DNS; MIC≥ 2 mg/L) and HLDR (MIC≥256 mg/L) were based on existing Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) breakpoints for viridans streptococci. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin: G. adiacens was more susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin than A. defectiva (22% vs. 0%, and 67% vs. 33%) but less susceptible to ceftriaxone and daptomycin (56% vs. 83%, and 11% vs. 50%). HLDR developed in both A. defectiva (33%) and G. adiacens (78%) after 24h exposure to daptomycin. Combination therapy did not prevent the development of daptomycin resistance with ampicillin (2/3 strains), gentamicin (2/3 strains), ceftriaxone (2/3 strains) or ceftaroline (2/3 strains). Once developed, HLDR was stable for a prolonged time (>3 weeks) in G. adiacens, whereas in A. defectiva the HLDR it reversed to baseline MIC at day 10. This study is first to demonstrate rapid HLDR development in Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species in vitro. Resistance was stable, and most combination therapies did not prevent it.
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Wang Y, Jin M, Chen G, Cui X, Zhang Y, Li M, Liao Y, Zhang X, Qin G, Yan F, Abd El-Aty A, Wang J. Bio-barcode detection technology and its research applications: A review. J Adv Res 2019; 20:23-32. [PMID: 31193255 PMCID: PMC6522771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the bio-barcode assay (BCA), as a new diagnostic tool, has been gradually applied to the detection of protein and nucleic acid targets and small-molecule compounds. BCA has the advantages of high sensitivity, short detection time, simple operation, low cost, good repeatability and good linear relationship between detection results. However, bio-barcode technology is not yet fully formed as a complete detection system, and the detection process in all aspects and stages is unstable. Therefore, studying the optimal reaction conditions, optimizing the experimental steps, exploring the multi-residue detection of small-molecule substances, and preparing immuno-bio-barcode kits are important research directions for the standardization and commercialization of BCA. The main theme of this review was to describe the principle of BCA, provide a comparison of its application, and introduce the single-residue and multi-residue detection of macromolecules and single-residue detection of small molecules. We also compared it with other detection methods, summarized its feasibility and limitations, expecting that with further improvement and development, the technique can be more widely used in the field of stable small-molecule and multi-residue detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ge Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xueyan Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Guoxin Qin
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Feiyan Yan
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - A.M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Huang G, Tang Y, Xiong R, Xu A. Multi-organ embolism caused by oscillating aortic valve vegetation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16568. [PMID: 31374023 PMCID: PMC6708864 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Valvular vegetation is often due to rheumatic heart disease and infective endocarditis. However, multi-arterial embolism can happen in older patients with no history of infection, fever, and cardiac symptoms. We describe a case of multi-organ embolism caused by oscillating aortal valve vegetation. PATIENT CONCERNS An 80-year-old woman without a history of infection, fever, and heart symptoms showed sudden loss of consciousness and symptoms of a multi-vessel embolism. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple patchy ischemic foci in both cerebral hemispheres in the same time-phase, and echocardiography showed regurgitation in the aortic valve due to an abnormally hypo-hyperechoic mass measuring about 7.7 × 17.2 mm and oscillating aortic valve vegetation, which was induced by cardiac contraction. DIAGNOSIS Multiple organ cardiac embolisms caused by oscillating aortic valve vegetation. INTERVENTIONS Anti-platelet, fluid-supplement, and vascular-dilating therapies as well as intravenous diazepam were given to the patient. OUTCOME The patient died of epileptic attack secondary to the cerebral embolism. CONCLUSIONS The patient's whole-body multi-vessel ischemic events in nearly the same time-phase should have encouraged us to consider the possibility of cardiogenic embolism and thus early examination and treatment, although she was old with a relatively poor response due to early infection and physical discomfort. Clinicians should be aware that aortic valve vegetation induces generalized multi-organ embolism in the setting of infective endocarditis in order to ensure prompt recognition and treatment of this fatal complication.
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Basein T, Gardiner BJ, Andujar Vazquez GM, Joel Chandranesan AS, Rabson AR, Doron S, Snydman DR. Microbial Identification Using DNA Target Amplification and Sequencing: Clinical Utility and Impact on Patient Management. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy257. [PMID: 30539032 PMCID: PMC6284463 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is increasingly used in patients with culture-negative infections; however, few studies have assessed the diagnostic utility of this test in this context. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who had clinical specimens sent for broad-range PCR, aiming to evaluate performance and determine impact on patient management. Organisms were identified in 21/71 samples. High numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on Gram stain (odds ratio [OR], 4.17; P = .04) and acute inflammation on histopathology (OR, 5.69; P = .02) were significantly associated with a positive result. Management was altered in 18 patients, 11 with positive and 7 with negative results. Overall, broad-range PCR assay had the highest impact in patients with microscopic evidence of inflammation. Physicians ordering this complex, difficult to interpret, and expensive test should carefully consider all available clinical information on an individualized basis to optimize its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinzar Basein
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | | | - Arthur R Rabson
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shira Doron
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases
| | - David R Snydman
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Torres-Miranda D, Moshgriz M, Siegel M. Streptobacillus moniliformis mitral valve endocarditis and septic arthritis: the challenges of diagnosing rat-bite fever endocarditis. Infect Dis Rep 2018; 10:7731. [PMID: 30344968 PMCID: PMC6176473 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2018.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptobacillus moniliformis, the cause of rat-bite fever (RBF) in the United States, has rarely been reported as a cause of infectious endocarditis. In the majority of previously reported cases, the diagnosis was clinically- based in patients with underlying valvular abnormalities in the setting of positive blood culture for Streptobacillus moniliformis. We report a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis in a woman with a mitral valve vegetation but negative blood cultures where the diagnosis was established using molecular diagnostics on the valvular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Torres-Miranda
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC
| | - Mahdi Moshgriz
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marc Siegel
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC
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