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Larry M, Rabizadeh S, Mohammadi F, Yadegar A, Jalalpour A, Mirmiranpour H, Farahmand G, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. Relationship between advanced glycation end-products and advanced oxidation protein products in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without albuminuria: A cross-sectional survey. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e70057. [PMID: 39355098 PMCID: PMC11439888 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Literature suggests that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetes. Since poor glycemic control enhances the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in individuals with diabetes, exploring the association between glycation and oxidative states in diabetes could also shed light on potential consequences. This study evaluated the effects of albuminuria on AGEs and AOPP levels and measured their relationship in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without albuminuria. Methods A cross-sectional, matched case-control study was designed, including 38 T2D subjects with albuminuria and 38 matched T2D subjects with normoalbuminuria. Patients were matched by their body mass index (BMI), age, and duration of diabetes. The unadjusted and adjusted correlation between AGEs and AOPP in the studied groups were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Using ggplot2, the ties between these two biochemical factors in cases and controls were plotted. Results This study elucidated a significant association between AGEs and AOPP in participants with normoalbuminuria (r = 0.331, p-value < 0.05), which continued to be significant after controlling for BMI, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.355, p-value < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between AGEs and AOPP in those with albuminuria in the unadjusted model (r = 0.034, p-value = 0.841) or after controlling for BMI, age, SBP, and DBP (r = 0.076, p-value = 0.685). Conclusion Oxidation and glycation molecular biomarkers were correlated in patients without albuminuria; however, this association was not observed in those with albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Larry
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirhossein Yadegar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azadeh Jalalpour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hossein Mirmiranpour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ghasem Farahmand
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali‐Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Mossine VV, Mawhinney TP. 1-Amino-1-deoxy-d-fructose ("fructosamine") and its derivatives. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2023; 83:27-132. [PMID: 37968038 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructosamine has long been considered as a key intermediate of the Maillard reaction, which to a large extent is responsible for specific aroma, taste, and color formation in thermally processed or dehydrated foods. Since the 1980s, however, as a product of the Amadori rearrangement reaction between glucose and biologically significant amines such as proteins, fructosamine has experienced a boom in biomedical research, mainly due to its relevance to pathologies in diabetes and aging. In this chapter, we assess the scope of the knowledge on and applications of fructosamine-related molecules in chemistry, food, and health sciences, as reflected mostly in publications within the past decade. Methods of fructosamine synthesis and analysis, its chemical, and biological properties, and degradation reactions, together with fructosamine-modifying and -recognizing proteins are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P Mawhinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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3
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Feng N, Feng Y, Tan J, Zhou C, Xu J, Chen Y, Xiao J, He Y, Wang C, Zhou M, Wu Q. Inhibition of advance glycation end products formation, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption and toxicity: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125814. [PMID: 37451379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are the final products of the non-enzymatic interaction between reducing sugars and amino groups in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In numerous diseases, such as diabetes, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, aging, nephropathy, retinopathy, and chronic renal illness, accumulation of AGEs has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural tissue damage leading to chronic vascular issues. Current studies on the inhibition of AGEs mainly focused on food processing. However, there are few studies on the inhibition of AGEs during digestion, absorption and metabolism although there are still plenty of AGEs in our body with our daily diet. This review comprehensively expounded AGEs inhibition mechanism based on the whole process of digestion, absorption and metabolism by polyphenols, amino acids, hydrophilic colloid, carnosine and other new anti-glycation agents. Our study will provide a ground-breaking perspective on mediation or inhibition AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjie Feng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Yingna Feng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Jiangying Tan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Pinyuan (Suizhou) Modern Agriculture Development Co., LTD., Suizhou, Hubei 441300, China
| | - Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yi He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Mengzhou Zhou
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
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4
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Wei Y, Li W, Luan H, Tuerhongjiang G, Yuan Z, Wu Y. The association of glycated hemoglobin A1c with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and severity of coronary lesions. J Investig Med 2023; 71:202-211. [PMID: 36803042 DOI: 10.1177/10815589221140593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between HbA1c and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese population has yet to be systematically explored. In addition, factors associated with HbA1c were generally analyzed linearly, thereby failing to appreciate more complex nonlinear associations. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the HbA1c value and the presence and severity of coronary artery stenosis. A total of 7192 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled. Their biological parameters, including HbA1c, were measured. The severity of coronary stenosis was evaluated using Gensini score. After correcting for baseline confounding factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c and CAD severity. Restricted cubic splines were applied to explore the relation of HbA1c with the presence of CAD, myocardial infarction (MI), and the severity of coronary lesions. HbA1c was significantly associated with the presence and severity of CAD in patients without diagnosed diabetes (odds ratio: 1.306, 95% confidence interval: 1.053-1.619, p = 0.015). Spline analysis showed a U-shaped association of HbA1c with the presence of MI. Both HbA1c > 7.2% and HbA1c < 5.7% were associated with the presence of MI. In conclusion, HbA1c value was highly associated with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in the whole study population, and in CAD patients without diagnosed diabetes. Compared with patients with HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 7.0%, HbA1c < 5.7% and HbA1c > 7.2% were associated with higher presence of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Luan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Gulinigaer Tuerhongjiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
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Xiong S, Li X, Chu H, Deng Z, Sun L, Liu J, Mu Y, Yao Q. Comparative pharmacokinetics of four major compounds after oral administration of Mori Cortex total flavonoid extract in normal and diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148332. [PMID: 36937873 PMCID: PMC10014546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mori Cortex has been used in traditional Chinese Medicine as an antidiabetic agent. The aim of this study was to establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of morin, morusin, umbelliferone and mulberroside A in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetics differences between normal and diabetic rats following oral administration of Mori Cortex total flavonoid extract. Methods: Samples were pre-treated by protein precipitation and genkwanin was used as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Hypersil GOLD C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) in gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The transitions of m/z 300.9→107.1, m/z 419.3→297.1, m/z 160.9→77.0, m/z 567.1→243.2 and m/z 283.1→268.2 were selected for morin, morusin, umbelliferone, mulberroside A and internal standard, respectively. Results: The intra- and inter-day precision for analytes were less than 12.5% and the accuracy ranged from -8.1% to 3.5%. The extraction recovery was >88.5% and no obvious matrix effect was observed. The AUC (0-t) and C max of morin were 501.3 ± 115.5 ng/mL*h and 127.8 ± 56.0 ng/mL in normal rats and 717.3 ± 117.4 ng/ml*h and 218.6 ± 33.5 ng/ml in diabetic rats. Meanwhile, the AUC (0-t) and C max of morusin were 116.4 ± 38.2 ng/ml*h and 16.8 ± 10.1 ng/mL in normal rats and 325.0 ± 87.6 ng/mL*h and 39.2 ± 5.9 ng/ml in diabetic rats. For umbelliferone and mulberroside A, the AUC (0-t) and C max also increased significantly in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Discussion: The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in normal and diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Xiong, ; Jia Liu, ; Qingqiang Yao,
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Haiping Chu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Zhipeng Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Linying Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Xiong, ; Jia Liu, ; Qingqiang Yao,
| | - Yanling Mu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Xiong, ; Jia Liu, ; Qingqiang Yao,
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A Long Journey into the Investigation of the Structure–Dynamics–Function Paradigm in Proteins through the Activities of the Palermo Biophysics Group. BIOPHYSICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica2040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the biophysics activity at the Department of Physics and Chemistry Emilio Segrè of the University of Palermo is given. For forty years, the focus of the research has been on the protein structure–dynamics–function paradigm, with the aim of understanding the molecular basis of the relevant mechanisms and the key role of solvent. At least three research lines are identified; the main results obtained in collaboration with other groups in Italy and abroad are presented. This review is dedicated to the memory of Professors Massimo Ugo Palma, Maria Beatrice Palma Vittorelli, and Lorenzo Cordone, which were the founders of the Palermo School of Biophysics. We all have been, directly or indirectly, their pupils; we miss their enthusiasm for scientific research, their deep physical insights, their suggestions, their strict but always constructive criticisms, and, most of all, their friendship. This paper is dedicated also to the memory of Prof. Hans Frauenfelder, whose pioneering works on nonexponential rebinding kinetics, protein substates, and energy landscape have inspired a large part of our work in the field of protein dynamics.
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Arif B, Arif Z, Ahmad J, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Ashraf JM, Moinuddin, Alam K. Attenuation of hyperglycemia and amadori products by aminoguanidine in alloxan-diabetic rabbits occurs via enhancement in antioxidant defenses and control of stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262233. [PMID: 34986201 PMCID: PMC8730428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70-80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binish Arif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Formerly at Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A. Bukhari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalaluddin M. Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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Demirci-Çekiç S, Özkan G, Avan AN, Uzunboy S, Çapanoğlu E, Apak R. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114477. [PMID: 34920302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced during normal metabolism in human body. These species can be both radical and non-radical and have varying degrees of reactivity. Although they have some important functions in the human body, such as contributing to signal transmission and the immune system, their presence must be balanced by the antioxidant defense system. The human body has an excellent intrinsic enzymatic antioxidant system in addition to different non-enzymatic antioxidants having small molecular masses. An extrinsic source of antioxidants are foodstuffs such as fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, mostly rich in polyphenols. When the delicate biochemical balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed in favor of oxidants, "oxidative stress" conditions emerge, under which reactive species can cause oxidative damage to biomacromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA. This oxidative damage is often associated with cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Because reactive species are extremely short-lived, it is almost impossible to measure their concentrations directly. Although there are certain methods such as ESR / EPR that serve this purpose, they have some disadvantages and are quite costly systems. Therefore, products generated from oxidative damage of proteins, lipids and DNA are often used to quantify the extent of oxidative damage rather than direct measurement of reactive species. These oxidative damage products are usually known as biomarkers. Determination of the concentrations of these biomarkers and changes in the concentration of protective antioxidants can provide useful information for avoiding certain diseases and keep healthy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Demirci-Çekiç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Özkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical Uviversity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Neslihan Avan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Uzunboy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çapanoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical Uviversity, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Vedat Dalokay St. No. 112, Cankaya, 06670 Ankara, Turkey.
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile and Oxidative Stress of Relevant Diet-Related Advanced Glycation End Products and Related 1,2-Dicarbonyls. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9912240. [PMID: 34422213 PMCID: PMC8371648 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During food processing and storage, and in tissues and fluids under physiological conditions, the Maillard reaction occurs. During this reaction, reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds arise as intermediates that undergo further reactions to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Diet is the primary source of exogenous AGEs. Endogenously formed AGEs have been proposed as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of diet-related diseases such as diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, or chronic disease. AGEs may differently contribute to the diet-related exacerbation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein modifications. Here, to understand the contribution of each compound, we tested individually, for the first time, the effect of five 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) and four different glycated amino acids N-ε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), N-ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), and pyrraline (Pyrr) in a cell line of human keratinocytes (HaCaT). We found that most of the glycated amino acids, i.e., CEL, CML, and MG-H1, did not show any cytotoxicity. At the same time, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-DGal, 3,4-DGE, GO, and MGO increased the production of reactive oxygen species and induced cell death. MGO induced cell death by apoptosis, whereas 3-DGal and 3,4-DGE induced nuclear translocation of the proinflammatory NF-κB transcription pathway, and the activation of the pyroptosis-related NLRP3 inflammasome cascade. Overall, these results demonstrate the higher toxic impact of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds on mucosal epithelial cells when compared to glycated amino acids and the selective activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in the crosstalk mechanisms linking oxidative stress to excessive inflammation.
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10
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Indyk D, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Gamian A, Kuzan A. Advanced glycation end products and their receptors in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13264. [PMID: 34168187 PMCID: PMC8225908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic process involving the reaction of reducing sugars or reactive oxoaldehyde with proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The presented work discusses the glycation process in people with advanced stage of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The concentration of different AGEs and their receptors for 58 serum samples was determined by ELISA and by spectrofluorimetric methods. In addition to fluorescent low molecular weight and protein-bound AGEs, we have also marked a new class of AGEs: melibiose-derived glycation product (MAGE). Our attention was also focused on the two groups of AGEs receptors: scavenger receptors (SR-A and SR-B) and RAGE. The correlation between the SR-AI scavenging receptors concentration and the fluorescence of AGEs as well as diabetes biological markers: GFR, creatinine contentration and HbA1c was demonstrated. A relationship between the concentration of AGEs and their receptors was also found in serum sample of patients treated with the metformin and aspirin. Furthermore, the concentration of SR-AI scavenger and the fluorescence of total AGEs was significantly lower in treated patients than in non treated patients. AGEs have also been found to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetic complications, what could be deduced from the correlation of AGEs level and HDL cholesterol or uric acid level. Thus, it was confirmed that AGEs are involved in the pathomechanism of diabetes and other degenerative diseases. Nowadays, it is believed that AGEs due to the long time remaining in the body may be an important diagnostic marker. Their determination may allow monitoring the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Indyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.
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11
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Tramarin A, Naldi M, Degani G, Lupu L, Wiegand P, Mazzolari A, Altomare A, Aldini G, Popolo L, Vistoli G, Przybylski M, Bartolini M. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underpinning biorecognition of early-glycated human serum albumin and receptor for advanced glycation end products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4245-4259. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Vijayaraghavan B, Padmanabhan G, Ramanathan K. Determination of serum glycated albumin and high sensitivity C - reactive protein in the insight of cardiovascular complications in diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:308-313. [PMID: 33402919 PMCID: PMC7750066 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been proved as one among the cardiovascular complications and predominant in patients with CKD. In CKD patients, Glycated albumin (GA) express a superior marker of glycemic control than HbA1c. Nevertheless, the precision of GA for the prediction of cardiovascular diseases among the CKD population has been ineffectively reported. The present study looks at the part of GA, HbA1c in CKD to envisage vascular complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-four patients were selected in the present study. The study has a control group (Group I, N: 52) and participants were divided into two groups based on vein diseases (Group II, N: 42; two vessels and group III, N: 100; triple vessel disease). Serum glycated albumin, hsCRP and other routine parameters were estimated in all the three groups. 2-dimensional echocardiography (2D Echo) has been done by a cardiologist to all the study patients for assessing ejection fraction and distinguish the sort of vessel diseases. RESULTS Group I compared with group II and III shown there was a significant association among blood glucose, serum creatinine, HbA1c, mean blood glucose, GA, ejection fraction and hsCRP. Additionally, observed that increased levels of HbA1c, GA and creatinine inversely related to the left ventricle ejection fraction. Notwithstanding, GA and hsCRP predict precisely the left ventricle ejection fraction than different parameters. CONCLUSION GA alongside hsCRP might be appropriate markers for anticipating cardiovascular diseases particularly left ventricle hypertrophy in diabetic CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giri Padmanabhan
- Kidney Care, C50, 10th B Cross, East Thillai Nagar, Tiruchirappalli-620 018, India
| | - Kumaresan Ramanathan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University (Ayder Campus), Mekelle, Ethiopia
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13
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Cepas V, Collino M, Mayo JC, Sainz RM. Redox Signaling and Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) in Diet-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020142. [PMID: 32041293 PMCID: PMC7070562 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets are currently characterized by elevated sugar intake, mainly due to the increased consumption of processed sweetened foods and drinks during the last 40 years. Diet is the main source of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). These are toxic compounds formed during the Maillard reaction, which takes place both in vivo, in tissues and fluids under physiological conditions, favored by sugar intake, and ex vivo during food preparation such as baking, cooking, frying or storage. Protein glycation occurs slowly and continuously through life, driving AGE accumulation in tissues during aging. For this reason, AGEs have been proposed as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of diet-related diseases such as diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, kidney injury, and age-related and neurodegenerative diseases. AGEs are associated with an increase in oxidative stress since they mediate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing the intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2−), and nitric oxide (NO). The interaction of AGEs with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) enhances oxidative stress through ROS production by NADPH oxidases inside the mitochondria. This affects mitochondrial function and ultimately influences cell metabolism under various pathological conditions. This short review will summarize all evidence that relates AGEs and ROS production, their relationship with diet-related diseases, as well as the latest research about the use of natural compounds with antioxidant properties to prevent the harmful effects of AGEs on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Cepas
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Redox Biology Group, Universidad de Oviedo, 33403 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Oncologia del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33403 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Juan C. Mayo
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Redox Biology Group, Universidad de Oviedo, 33403 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Oncologia del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33403 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.); (R.M.S.); Tel.: +34-985-10-2730 (J.C.M.); +34-985-10-3610 (R.M.S.)
| | - Rosa M. Sainz
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Redox Biology Group, Universidad de Oviedo, 33403 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Oncologia del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33403 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.); (R.M.S.); Tel.: +34-985-10-2730 (J.C.M.); +34-985-10-3610 (R.M.S.)
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14
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Zhang L, Zhang Q. Glycated Plasma Proteins as More Sensitive Markers for Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900104. [PMID: 31868294 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used clinically for diagnosis and therapeutic management of diabetes. However, HbA1c reflects average blood glucose level over a long period. The aim of this study is to look for short period, more sensitive protein markers that correlate better with glycemic level. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The glycated proteome of human plasma from type 1 diabetic individuals with good and poor (n = 20 each) glycemic control are analyzed using an online two-dimensional proteomics approach. Selected glycated peptides are further validated for their potential as candidate biomarkers using parallel reaction monitoring. RESULTS 305 glycated peptides are quantified and 290 are significantly increased in samples with poor glycemic control. 76 of the 88 selected glycated peptides have receiver operating characteristic area under curve (AUC) values greater than 0.8. Six validated glycated peptides with high AUC show high correlation with HbA1c and have higher fold changes between poor and good glycemic control than HbA1c. The parent proteins have half-lives shorter than HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using an advanced proteomics platform for protein glycation analysis, glycated peptides and proteins are identified that are promising as more sensitive, shorter term indicators of glycemic control in diabetic patients than the commonly used HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
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15
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Siddiqui K, George TP, Nawaz SS, Yaslam M, Almogbel E, Al-Rubeaan K. Significance of glycated LDL in different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:548-552. [PMID: 30641763 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the role of elevated glycated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) in the progression of diabetic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control observational study is a part of Saudi Diabetes Kidney Disease (SAUDI-DKD) study conducted during the period from April 2014 to June 2015. This study cohort is divided into two groups; the first group was T2D patients without diabetic nephropathy (DN) (n = 24) and the second group was T2D with DN (n = 45). Serum glycated LDL levels were determined by ELISA. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed, and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed using the area under the ROC curve. RESULTS There was a threefold increase of serum glycated LDL level among diabetic subjects when compared with non-diabetic subjects and this level progressively increased with the progression of DN. The glycated LDL was found to have a significant diagnostic accuracy with AUC of 0.685 and 0.775 for cases with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria respectively. CONCLUSION The glycated LDL could play a significant role in predicting diabetic patients who are susceptible to develop DN among T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teena P George
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Yaslam
- University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Jun J, Hur K, Lee YB, Lee SE, Jin SM, Lee MK, Kim J. Glycated albumin predicts the development of early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2018; 44:178-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The status of glycation in protein aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 100:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Kalaria TR, Sirajwala HB, Gohel MG. Serum fructosamine, serum glycated albumin and serum glycated β-lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without microvascular complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 27896233 PMCID: PMC5117551 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Glycation of serum proteins has been proposed as an important mechanism of complications of diabetes but whether there are differences in glycation of different serum proteins and whether it has any correlation with development of microvascular complications has not been studied in depth. This study aimed to assess level of serum fructosamine, glycated albumin and glycated β-lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without microvascular complications and to find out their correlation with diabetes complications. Methods Case–control study involving 150 individuals at a tertiary care hospital in western India. Fifty participants were healthy controls (group 1), 50 were type 2 diabetes patients without any evident microvascular complication (group 2) and 50 were type 2 diabetes patients with one or more microvascular complications (group 3). Serum fructosamine, FBS, PP2BS and other biochemical parameters were measured. Glycated albumin and glycated β-lipoprotein were measured by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by NBT staining. Unpaired t-test was used to find out significance of difference between two groups and correlation coefficient to find out statistical correlation between two variables. Results Type 2 diabetes patients with one or more microvascular complications had poor glycemic control as indicated by markers of short and mid-term glycemia. Differences between the groups for fructosamine, glycated albumin and glycated β-lipoprotein were significant (p < 0.001). Glycated albumin correlated with FBS, PP2BS and fructosamine in all diabetic patients (group 2 and 3) whereas glycated β-lipoprotein correlated with these parameters only in group 3 and it was markedly elevated in group 3. Conclusion Serum glycated β-lipoprotein was disproportionately elevated compared to fructosamine and glycated albumin in diabetes patients with microvascular complications (group 3) and it correlated with rest of glycemic markers only in this group. Glycated β-lipoprotein might help in identifying diabetic individuals at high future risk of developing microvascular complications.
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Choi HY, Park SK, Yun GY, Choi AR, Lee JE, Ha SK, Park HC. Glycated Albumin is Independently Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3362. [PMID: 27100419 PMCID: PMC4845823 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycated albumin (GA) exhibits atherogenic effects and increased serum GA levels are associated with the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. GA production also increases with aging, oxidative stress, and renal dysfunction. We performed this study to further ascertain the association between GA and arterial stiffness in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We enrolled 129 nondiabetic CKD patients. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) using a volume plethysmographic instrument along with simultaneous measurements of GA. Insulin resistance was determined with the homeostatic model assessment. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using serum creatinine and cystatin C according to the CKD-EPI Creatinine-Cystatin C equation adjusted for age, sex, and race (eGFRcr-cys). Nondiabetic CKD patients with arterial stiffness (baPWV ≥1400 cm/s) showed higher GA levels than those without arterial stiffness (14.2 [8.7-20.2]% vs 13.0 [8.8-18.9]%, P = 0.004). In the subgroup analysis, the patients who had both a higher GA level and a lower eGFRcr-cys, showed the highest baPWV compared with patients with a higher GA or a lower GFR alone. By Spearman's correlation analysis, GA correlated significantly with baPWV (r = +0.291, P = 0.001) and fasting serum glucose level (r = +0.191, P = 0.030), whereas The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance did not show any significant correlation with baPWV. Systolic blood pressure (r = +0.401 P < 0.001), age (r = +0.574, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level (r = -0.317, P < 0.001), and eGFRcr-cys (r = -0.285, P = 0.002) had a significant correlation with baPWV. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher GA and systolic blood pressure were the independent risk factors affecting arterial stiffness. Our results suggest that serum GA is a potential risk factor of arterial stiffness in nondiabetic CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Young Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital (HYC, SKP, GYY, ARC, SKH, HCP); Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine (HYC, HCP), Seoul; and Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine (JEL), Gyeongi-do, Korea
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Paradela-Dobarro B, Raposeiras-Roubín S, González-Peteiro M, González-Juanatey JR, Álvarez E. Glycated human serum albumin induces NF-κB activation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:984-92. [PMID: 26297216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Non-enzymatic glycated proteins could mediate diabetes vascular complications, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Our objective was to find new targets involved in the glycated human serum albumin (gHSA)-enhanced extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human endothelial cells. METHODS & RESULTS Some nuclear factors and phosphorylation cascades were analysed. gHSA activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which up-regulated NOX4 and P22PHOX and enhanced ROS production. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB reversed gHSA-enhanced NOX4 expression and decreased gHSA-induced ROS production in extra- and intracellular spaces. The inhibition of activator protein-1 (AP-1) induced a rise in NOX4 and P22PHOX subunit expression and a down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). AP-1 inhibition also enhanced extracellular ROS production in the presence of serum albumin, but not with gHSA. These results were explained by the eNOS uncoupling induced by gHSA, also demonstrated in this study. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 did not show to be involved in gHSA-induced ROS production. CONCLUSIONS All together, the results suggested that gHSA-enhanced ROS production in endothelium is mediated by: 1) NF-κB activation and subsequence up-regulation of NADPH oxidase, 2) eNOS uncoupling. AP-1, although is not directly affected by gHSA, is another target for regulating NADPH oxidase and eNOS expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Beatriz Paradela-Dobarro
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mercedes González-Peteiro
- Unidad de Medicina Materno-Fetal, Servicio de Obstetricia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José R González-Juanatey
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain.
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Kim IY, Kim MJ, Lee DW, Lee SB, Rhee H, Song SH, Seong EY, Kwak IS. Glycated albumin is a more accurate glycaemic indicator than haemoglobin A 1c in diabetic patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 20:715-720. [PMID: 25974106 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glycated albumin (GA) has been reported to be a more reliable glycaemic indicator than haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) in patients with diabetes on dialysis. However, the significance of these assays has been less evaluated in patients with diabetes and pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS GA, HbA1c and fasting serum glucose were measured simultaneously in 146 patients with diabetes. Based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the subjects were categorized into a pre-dialysis CKD group (eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , n = 97) and a non-CKD group (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , n = 49). RESULTS The glucose/HbA1c and GA/HbA1c ratios were significantly higher in the CKD group than those in the non-CKD group. The glucose/GA ratio did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the pre-dialysis CKD group, eGFR was negatively correlated with the glucose/HbA1c ratio (r = -0.343, P = 0.001) and the GA/HbA1c ratio (r = -0.499, P < 0.001). However, no significant correlation was detected between eGFR and the glucose/GA ratio. In the non-CKD group, eGFR was not correlated with the glucose/HbA1c ratio, the glucose/GA ratio, or the GA/HbA1c ratio. A multivariate regression analysis showed that eGFR had a significant impact on HbA1c but no effect on GA in the pre-dialysis CKD group (β = 0.210, P = 0.005). In the non-CKD group, eGFR did not affect HbA1c or GA. CONCLUSION Our results show that HbA1c significantly underestimated glycaemic control, whereas GA more accurately reflected glycaemic control in diabetic patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Harin Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Seong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ihm Soo Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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Tupe R, Kulkarni A, Adeshara K, Sankhe N, Shaikh S, Dalal S, Bhosale S, Gaikwad S. Zinc inhibits glycation induced structural, functional modifications in albumin and protects erythrocytes from glycated albumin toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:601-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yang ZK, Shen Y, Shen WF, Pu LJ, Meng H, Zhang RY, Zhang Q, Chen QJ, De Caterina R, Lu L. Elevated glycated albumin and reduced endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation endproducts levels in serum predict major adverse cardio-cerebral events in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:241-7. [PMID: 26142969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Glycated albumin (GA) and the endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (esRAGE) may modulate risk related to atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that elevated GA and reduced esRAGE in serum are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We determined GA and esRAGE serum levels in 576 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and stable CAD undergoing sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-PCI. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardio-cerebral events (MACCE) including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke during a 2-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was the occurrence of clinically driven repeat revascularization during a 2-year follow-up. The prognostic value of GA and esRAGE was determined with the Cox-proportional hazard model after adjustment for covariates. RESULTS A total 40 patients (6.9%) experienced MACCE, and 108 (18.8%) patients underwent repeat coronary revascularization during the follow-up. Serum GA (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.16-1.28; HR=1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.19, respectively; for both p<0.001) and esRAGE (HR=0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.87; HR=0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.92, respectively; for both p<0.01) levels remained independent predictors of the primary and secondary endpoints after adjustment for possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS Serum GA and esRAGE are novel predictors of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable CAD. Increased serum GA and decreased esRAGE are associated with a poor prognosis in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jin Pu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Meng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Jing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- "G. d'Annunzio University", Chieti, Italy; Fondazione "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Greifenhagen U, Frolov A, Hoffmann R. Oxidative degradation of N(ε)-fructosylamine-substituted peptides in heated aqueous systems. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1065-76. [PMID: 25712730 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, or non-enzymatic glycosylation, is a common protein modification formed by reactions between reducing sugars (i.e. aldoses and ketoses) with protein amino groups. Resulting Amadori and Heyns compounds, respectively, can be oxidatively degraded yielding a structurally heterogeneous group of advanced glycation end-products. We have studied this process in aqueous conditions at 95 °C in terms of appearing products and their formation kinetics in the presence or absence of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating systems (iron(II) sulfate). RP-HPLC-ESI-MS revealed 20 products, 12 of which were confirmed after synthesis by identical retention times and fragmentation patterns. These products accumulated during the incubation period of 4 h (N(ε)-carboxymethyl-, N(ε)-formyl- and N(ε)-methyl lysine) or appeared intermediately (2-aminoadipic semialdehyde, N(ε)-ethanalyl lysine). Acidic and basic amino acid residues near the glycation site and elevated ROS levels in the reaction mixture had significant effects on both product formation and degradation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Greifenhagen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Singh R, Devi S, Gollen R. Role of free radical in atherosclerosis, diabetes and dyslipidaemia: larger-than-life. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:113-26. [PMID: 24845883 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, there have been numerous studies related to free radical chemistry. Free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are generated by the human body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. These free radicals are also the common by-products of many oxidative biochemical reactions in cells. When free radicals overwhelm the body's ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. They adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA, which trigger a number of human diseases. In a number of pathophysiological conditions, the delicate equilibrium between free radical production and antioxidant capability is distorted, leading to oxidative stress and increased tissue injury. ROS which are mainly produced by vascular cells are implicated as possible underlying pathogenic mechanisms in a progression of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and diabetes. This review summarizes the key roles played by free radicals in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Although not comprehensive, this review also provides a brief perspective on some of the current research being conducted in this area for a better understanding of the role free radicals play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India
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26
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Critical Role of Prohibitin in Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Caused by Glycated Low-density Lipoproteins and Protective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin B2. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:13-21. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules in diabetes mellitus (DM) is accelerated due to persistent hyperglycemia. Reducing sugar such as glucose reacts non enzymatically with free €-amino groups of proteins through series of reactions forming Schiff bases. These bases are converted into Amadori product and further into AGEs. Non enzymatic glycation has the potential to alter the biological, structural and functional properties of macromolecules both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have suggested that amadori as well as AGEs are involved in the micro-macro vascular complications in DM, but most studies have focused on the role of AGEs in vascular complications of diabetes. Recently putative AGE-induced patho-physiology has shifted attention from the possible role of amadori-modified proteins, the predominant form of the glycated proteins in the development of the diabetic complications. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in circulation contains 59 lysine and 23 arginine residues that could, in theory be involved in glycation. Albumin has dual nature, first as a marker of intermediate glycation and second as a causative agent of the damage of tissues. Among the blood proteins, hemoglobin and albumin are the most common proteins that are glycated. HSA with a shorter half life than RBC, appears to be an alternative marker of glycemic control as it can indicate blood glucose status over a short period (2-3 weeks) and being unaffected by RBCs life span and variant haemoglobin, anemia etc which however, affect HbA1c. On the other hand, Amadori albumin may accumulate in the body tissues of the diabetic patients and participate in secondary complications. Amadori-albumin has potential role in diabetic glomerulosclerosis due to long term hyperglycaemia and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. This review is an approach to compile both the nature of glycated albumin as a damaging agent of tissues and as an intermediate diagnostic marker and its potential role in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km. Neelofar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pepaj M, Thorsby PM. Analysis of Glycated Albumin by On-Line Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.864980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milaim Pepaj
- a Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Per M. Thorsby
- a Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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Stefanowicz P, Kijewska M, Szewczuk Z. Does Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) Provide Quantitative Information on the Chemical Modification of Lysine Side Chains in Proteins? The Glycation of Ubiquitin. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7247-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F.
Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Baraka-Vidot J, Navarra G, Leone M, Bourdon E, Militello V, Rondeau P. Deciphering metal-induced oxidative damages on glycated albumin structure and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1712-24. [PMID: 24380878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Changes in the pharmacokinetic of sildenafil citrate in rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:8. [PMID: 24398037 PMCID: PMC3922855 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim The present investigates deals with the change in the pharmacokinetic of Sildenafil citrate (SIL) in disease condition like diabetic nephropathy (DN). Method Diabetes was induced in rats by administering Streptozotocin i.e. STZ (60 mg/kg, IP) saline solution. Assessment of diabetes was done by GOD-POD method and conformation of DN was done by assessing the level of Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Albuminurea. After the conformation of DN single dose of drug SIL (2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) were given orally and Pharmacokinetic Parameters like [AUC o-t (ug.h/ml), AUC 0-∞, Cmax, Tmax, Kel, Clast] were estimated in the plasma by the help of HPLC-UV. Result There was significant increase (p < 0.01) in the Pharmacokinetic parameters of SIL in DN rat (AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Cmax, Tmax and T1/2) compare to normal control rat and significant increase Kel in the DN rat compare to control rat. Conclusion The study concluded that there was significant (p < 0.01) increase in the bioavailability of SIL in DN.
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Li JJ, Li Y, Bai M, Tan JF, Wang Q, Yang J. Simultaneous determination of corosolic acid and euscaphic acid in the plasma of normal and diabetic rat after oral administration of extract ofPotentilla discolorBunge by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:717-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Min Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jing-fu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
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Uptake of advanced glycation end products by proximal tubule epithelial cells via macropinocytosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2922-2932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shen Y, Lu L, Ding FH, Sun Z, Zhang RY, Zhang Q, Yang ZK, Hu J, Chen QJ, Shen WF. Association of increased serum glycated albumin levels with low coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:165. [PMID: 24209601 PMCID: PMC4225762 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether serum glycated albumin (GA) levels are related to coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion. METHODS Blood levels of GA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined in 317 diabetic and 117 non-diabetic patients with stable angina and angiographic total occlusion of at least one major coronary artery. The degree of collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total occlusion from the contra-lateral vessel was graded as low (Rentrop score of 0 or 1) or high collateralization (Rentrop score of 2 or 3). RESULTS For diabetic patients, GA (21.2 ± 6.5% vs. 18.7 ± 5.6%, P < 0.001) but not HbA1c levels (7.0 ± 1.1% vs. 6.8 ± 1.3%, P = 0.27) was significantly elevated in low collateralization than in high collateralization group, and correlated inversely with Rentrop score (Spearmen's r = -0.28, P < 0.001; Spearmen's r = -0.10, P = 0.09, respectively). There was a trend towards a larger area under the curve of GA compared with that of HbA1c for detecting the presence of low collateralization (0.64 vs. 0.58, P = 0.15). In non-diabetic patients, both GA and HbA1c levels did not significantly differ regardless the status of coronary collateralization. In multivariable analysis, female gender, age > 65 years, smoke, non-hypertension, duration of diabetes > 10 years, metabolic syndrome, eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2, and GA > 18.3% were independently determinants for low collateralization in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Increased GA levels in serum are associated with impaired collateral growth in type 2 diabetic patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Jing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
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Jangale NM, Devarshi PP, Dubal AA, Ghule AE, Koppikar SJ, Bodhankar SL, Chougale AD, Kulkarni MJ, Harsulkar AM. Dietary flaxseed oil and fish oil modulates expression of antioxidant and inflammatory genes with alleviation of protein glycation status and inflammation in liver of streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Food Chem 2013; 141:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mihailović M, Arambašić J, Uskoković A, Dinić S, Grdović N, Marković J, Bauder J, Poznanović G, Vidaković M. β-Glucan administration to diabetic rats alleviates oxidative stress by lowering hyperglycaemia, decreasing non-enzymatic glycation and protein O-GlcNAcylation. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Dorecka M, Siemianowicz K, Francuz T, Garczorz W, Chyra A, Klych A, Romaniuk W. Exendin-4 and GLP-1 decreases induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:884-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ansari NA, Dash D. Amadori glycated proteins: role in production of autoantibodies in diabetes mellitus and effect of inhibitors on non-enzymatic glycation. Aging Dis 2013; 4:50-6. [PMID: 23423609 PMCID: PMC3570141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules, especially proteins leading to their oxidation is increased in diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia and play an important role in associated complications of the disease. The glycation primarily occurs at intrachain lysine residues of proteins and results in the formation of an early stage stable product as Amadori-lysine which undergo further irreversible chemical reactions to form advanced glycation endproducts. This review deals with the role of Amadori modified proteins in pathogenesis of diabetes. We aim to explain immunogenicity of Amadori-glycated proteins, which might be involve in production of serum autoantibodies in the diabetic patients, and effect of inhibitors on the glycation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A. Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Dostalek M, Akhlaghi F, Puzanovova M. Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03261926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Dostalek M, Akhlaghi F, Puzanovova M. Effect of diabetes mellitus on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2012; 51:481-99. [PMID: 22668340 DOI: 10.2165/11631900-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs have been well described in experimental animal models; however, only minimal data exist for humans and the current knowledge regarding the effects of diabetes on these properties remains unclear. Nevertheless, it has been observed that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are changed in subjects with diabetes. It has been reported that diabetes may affect the pharmacokinetics of various drugs by affecting (i) absorption, due to changes in subcutaneous adipose blood flow, muscle blood flow and gastric emptying; (ii) distribution, due to non-enzymatic glycation of albumin; (iii) biotransformation, due to regulation of enzymes/transporters involved in drug biotransformation; and (iv) excretion, due to nephropathy. Previously published data also suggest that diabetes-mediated changes in the pharmacokinetics of a particular drug cannot be translated to others. Although clinical studies exploring the effect of diabetes on pharmacodynamics are still very limited, there is evidence that disease-mediated effects are not limited only to pharmacokinetics but also alter pharmacodynamics. However, for many drugs it remains unclear whether these influences reflect diabetes-mediated changes in pharmacokinetics rather than pharmacodynamics. In addition, even though diabetes-mediated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics might be anticipated, it is important to study the effect on each drug and not generalize from observed data. The available data indicate that there is a significant variability in drug response in diabetic subjects. The discrepancies between individual clinical studies as well as between ex vivo and clinical studies are probably due to (i) the restricted and focused population of subjects in clinical studies; (ii) failure to consider type, severity and duration of the disease; (iii) histopathological characteristics generally being missing; and (iv) other factors such as varying medication use, dietary protein intake, age, sex and obesity. The obesity epidemic in the developed world has also inadvertently influenced the directions of pharmacological research. This review attempts to map new information gained since Gwilt published his paper in Clinical Pharmacokinetics in 1991. Although a large body of research has been conducted and significant progress has been made, we still have to conclude that the available information regarding the effect of diabetes on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics remains unclear and further clinical studies are required before we can understand the clinical significance of the effect. An understanding of diabetes-mediated changes as well as of the source of the variability should lead to the improvement of the medical management and clinical outcomes in patients with this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dostalek
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Alvarez E. Two reflections about Amadori products: biomarkers or therapeutic targets for coronary artery disease? Cardiology 2012; 123:81-3. [PMID: 23018587 DOI: 10.1159/000342807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shen Y, Pu LJ, Lu L, Zhang Q, Zhang RY, Shen WF. Glycated albumin is superior to hemoglobin A1c for evaluating the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiology 2012; 123:84-90. [PMID: 23018602 DOI: 10.1159/000342055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the value of serum glycated albumin (GA) level versus glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) for evaluating the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Serum GA and blood HbA(1c) levels were measured in 829 consecutive T2DM patients with or without angiographically documented significant CAD (≥70% diameter stenosis). RESULTS Serum GA levels were higher in diabetic patients with significant CAD than in those without (20.57 ± 4.23 vs. 19.00 ± 4.48%; p < 0.001), but HbA(1c) was similar in the two groups (7.74 ± 1.34 vs. 7.51 ± 1.37% p > 0.05). Compared to HbA(1c), GA correlated more closely with the sum of significant stenotic lesions (r = 0.275, p < 0.001 and r = 0.092, p = 0.019) and the extent index (r = 0.375, p < 0.001 and r = 0.091, p = 0.019). The area under the curve of GA was larger than that of HbA(1c) for detecting the presence of significant CAD (0.637 vs. 0.568; p = 0.046) and 3-vessel disease (0.620 vs. 0.536; p = 0.039). GA, but not HbA(1c), was independently associated with significant CAD. CONCLUSIONS Serum GA level is a better indicator than HbA(1c) for evaluating the presence and severity of CAD and predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
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Lu L, Peng WH, Wang W, Wang LJ, Chen QJ, Shen WF. Effects of atorvastatin on progression of diabetic nephropathy and local RAGE and soluble RAGE expressions in rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:652-9. [PMID: 21796806 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) exert inflammatory and oxidative stress insults to produce diabetic nephropathy mainly through the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). This study aimed to assess the effect of atorvastatin on diabetic nephropathy via soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and RAGE expressions in the rat kidney. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes with or without atorvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg for 24 weeks). Serum sRAGE and glycated albumin (GA) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and improved bromocresol purple methods. Renal AGEs, RAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), and sRAGE were determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS Mesangial expansion and microalbuminuria were aggravated in diabetic rats, and improved with atorvastatin treatment. Serum sRAGE levels were lower in diabetic than in normal rats. After atorvastatin treatment, serum and renal sRAGE levels were up-regulated, while renal RAGE expression was decreased in diabetic rats, associated with a reduction in accumulation of AGEs, though renal esRAGE mRNA expression was not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin exerted a beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy with reduced AGE accumulation, down-regulating RAGE expression and up-regulating sRAGE in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Foo JP, Mantzoros CS. The quest for the perfect biomarker of long-term glycemia: new studies, new trials and tribulations. Metabolism 2011; 60:1651-4. [PMID: 21820137 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Seneviratne C, Dombi GW, Liu W, Dain JA. The in vitro glycation of human serum albumin in the presence of Zn(II). J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1548-54. [PMID: 22071077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amino groups of human serum albumin (HSA) can react non-enzymatically with carbonyl groups of reducing sugars to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs contribute to many of the chronic complications of diabetes including atherosclerosis, cataract formation and renal failure. The current study focused on in vitro non-enzymatic reactivity of glyceraldehyde (GA) and methylglyoxal (MG) with HSA and evaluated the rate and extent of AGE formation in the presence of varied concentrations of Zn(II). At normal physiological conditions, GA and MG readily react with HSA. The presence of Zn(II) in HSA-GA or HSA-MG incubation mixtures reduced AGE formation. This finding was confirmed by UV and fluorescence spectrometry, HPLC techniques, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). HPLC studies revealed decreased adduct formation of the glycated protein in the presence of Zn(II). The inhibition of AGE formation was intense at elevated Zn(II) concentrations. The results of this study suggest that Zn(II) may prove to be a potent agent in reducing AGE formation.
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Sima AV, Botez GM, Stancu CS, Manea A, Raicu M, Simionescu M. Effect of irreversibly glycated LDL in human vascular smooth muscle cells: lipid loading, oxidative and inflammatory stress. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2790-802. [PMID: 19818091 PMCID: PMC3822729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The major complication of diabetes is accelerated atherosclerosis, the progression of which entails complex interactions between the modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the cells of the arterial wall. Advanced glycation end product-modified-LDL (AGE-LDL) that occurs at high rate in diabetes contributes to diabetic atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the direct effect of AGE-LDL on human vascular smooth muscle cells (hSMC) dysfunction. Cultured hSMC incubated (24 hrs) with human AGE-LDL, native LDL (nLDL) or oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were subjected to: (i) quantification of the expression of the receptors for modified LDL and AGE proteins (LRP1, CD36, RAGE) and estimation of lipid loading, (ii) determination of NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and (iii) evaluation of the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The results show that exposure of hSMC to AGE-LDL (compared to nLDL) induced: (a) increased NADPH oxidase activity (30%) and ROS production (28%) by up-regulation of NOX1, NOX4, p22phox and p67phox expression, (b) accumulation of intracellular cholesteryl esters, (c) enhanced gene expression of LRP1 (160%) and CD36 (35%), and protein expression of LRP1, CD36 and RAGE, (d) increased MCP-1 gene expression (160%) and protein secretion (300%) and (e) augmented cell proliferation (30%). In conclusion, AGE-LDL activates hSMC (increasing CD36, LRP1, RAGE), inducing a pro-oxidant state (activation of NADPHox), lipid accumulation and a pro-inflammatory state (expression of MCP-1). These results may partly explain the contribution of AGE-LDL and hSMC to the accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca V Sima
- Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania.
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Ma WY, Wu CC, Pei D, Hung KC, Hsia TL, Su CC, Chu YM, Lu KC. Glycated albumin is independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:583-6. [PMID: 21172335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycated albumin (GA) may contribute to diabetic nephropathy, but the clinical significance of GA in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. METHODS Patients were classified with the NKF/DOQI classification system as mild (stage I, II), moderate (stage III), or advanced CKD (stage IV). Those undergoing dialysis or with CKD stage V were excluded. GA was measured using the Lucica TM GA-L assay kit. The relationship between GA and renal dysfunction was analyzed in patients with or without diabetes. RESULTS A total of 187 subjects were enrolled. GA values in those with normal, mild, moderate and advanced CKD were 18.4 ± 1.4%, 18.4 ± 3.1%, 19.0 ± 3.8%, 20.4 ± 6.4%, respectively, in diabetic patients (N=67, p=0.5), and were 14.1 ± 1.9%, 14.2 ± 2.2%, 15.9 ± 1.9%, 15.0 ± 1.7%, respectively, in nondiabetic patients (N=120, p=0.004). GA value was negatively correlated to eGFR in nondiabetic patients (r=-0.35, p<0.001) but not in diabetic patients (r=-0.11, p=0.39). In the adjusted model, GA is independently correlated to eGFR only in nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Increased GA concentrations are independently associated with renal dysfunction in nondiabetic patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Medical School, Catholic Fu Jen University, Xindien City, Taipei County, Taiwan
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, González-Peteiro M, Ucieda-Somoza R, González-Juanatey JR, Alvarez E. Glycated albumin, a precursor of advanced glycation end-products, up-regulates NADPH oxidase and enhances oxidative stress in human endothelial cells: molecular correlate of diabetic vasculopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010; 26:550-8. [PMID: 20818804 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycaemia induces non-enzymatic glycation reactions in proteins which generate Amadori products and advanced glycation end-products; the latter are thought to participate in the vascular complications of diabetic patients. However, the exact mechanisms concerning the effects of glycated proteins on vascular tissue remain to be determined. Therefore, the effects of glycated human serum albumin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells were studied. METHODS Reactive oxygen species production was measured by the cytochrome C reduction method and by 5(6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (c-DCF-DA) fluorescence after treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with glycated human serum albumin (6-200 µg/mL). The expression of Nox4 and p22phox mRNAs were analysed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reactions and the levels of their proteins were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Low concentrations of glycated human serum albumin enhanced reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after 4 h of treatment at both extracellular and intracellular sites. This enhanced production was sustained, although to a lesser extent, after 6 and 12 h of treatment. The gene expression study revealed that Nox4 and p22phox mRNA levels were elevated after 4 h of treatment with glycated human serum albumin. This mRNA elevation and enhanced reactive oxygen species production correlated with an increased expression of the Nox4 protein. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that a circulating and abundant modified glycated human serum albumin protein in diabetic patients induced a sustained reactive oxygen species production in human endothelial cells. This effect may have been due to an up-regulation of Nox4, the main subunit of NADPH oxidase in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela and Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Spain
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The efficient synthesis of isotopically labeled peptide-derived Amadori products and their characterization. Amino Acids 2010; 40:923-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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