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Simtong P, Jumnainsong A, Leelayuwat C. Genetic profile of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS hybrid glycophorins blood groups in ethnic northeastern Thais: Alleles, genotypes and risk of alloimmunisation. Transfus Med 2024. [PMID: 38804163 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against blood group antigens play a key role in the pathophysiology of haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and risk of alloimmunisation of clinically significant blood group systems in ethnic northeastern Thais. METHODS In total, 345 unrelated, healthy, ethnic northeastern Thais were tested using the in-house PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method for simultaneously genotyping of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS glycophorin hybrids and results confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In this cohort, the alleles RHCE*C (81.0%) and RHCE*e (84.8%) were more prevalent than RHCE*c (19.0%) and RHCE*E (15.2%). The most common predicted haplotype combinations of the RHCE alleles were C+c-E-e+(R1R1) (59.4%) followed by the C+c+E+e+ (R1R2) (20.6%) and C+c+E-e+ (R1r) (11.3%). The KEL*01 allele was not found in this study. The frequencies of FY*01 and FY*02 were 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively. The genotype FY*02/02 was found in four samples (1.2%). The frequencies of JK*01 and JK*02 were 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively. Homozygous JK*02/02 was found in 81 samples (23.5%). The frequencies of DI*01 and DI*02 were 0.6% and 99.4%, respectively. In total, 64 samples (18.6%) were found to carry the MNS glycophorin hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a possible high risk of c, E, Fyb, Jka, Jkb and Mia alloimmunisation in these populations. Moreover, methods established for genotyping clinically significant blood groups in this study can now be utilised in routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Simtong
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Nathalang O, Asisathaporn K, Intharanut K, Chaibangyang W, Leetrakool N, Mitundee S, Bejrachandra S. Genotyping Approach to Predict Co a and Co b Antigens in Thai Blood Donor Populations. J Blood Med 2023; 14:133-140. [PMID: 36825218 PMCID: PMC9942508 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s398720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Coa and Cob antigens of the Colton (CO) blood group system are implicated in acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). Owing to the inadequate supply of specific antiserum, data on CO phenotypes remain limited. This study aimed to develop genotyping methods to predict Coa and Cob antigens and to estimate transfusion-induced alloimmunization risks in three Thai blood donor populations. Materials and Methods The study included 2451 blood samples from unrelated healthy Thai blood donors obtained from central, northern, and southern Thailand. DNA sequencing was used to determine the CO*A and CO*B alleles. In-house PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and high-resolution melting curve (HRM) assays were performed and genotyping results were compared using DNA sequencing. CO*A and CO*B allele frequencies among Thais were determined using PCR-SSP and their frequencies were compared with other populations. The risks of Coa and Cob transfusion-induced alloimmunization among Thai donor populations were calculated. Results The validated genotyping results by PCR-SSP and HRM assays agreed with DNA sequencing. The CO*A/CO*A was the most common (100.0, 100.0, and 99.3%), followed by CO*A/CO*B (0.0, 0.0, and 0.7%) among central, northern and southern Thais. Homozygous CO*B/CO*B was not found. The CO*A and CO*B allele frequencies among central Thais significantly differed compared among southern Thais (p < 0.01) but not among northern Thais. Those allele frequencies among Thais were similar to those of Taiwanese, Chinese and Malay-Malaysian populations but not to South Asian, Southeast Asian, Korean, Japanese, Filipino, French Basque, and Maltese populations (p < 0.01). A higher risk of anti-Cob production rather than anti-Coa production was particularly noted in the southern Thai population. Conclusion This study constitutes the first to determine CO*A and CO*B genotypes using PCR-SSP and HRM assays among Thais and this finding would be beneficial in predicting alloimmunization risk and providing safe transfusions among Thais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oytip Nathalang
- Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand,Correspondence: Oytip Nathalang, Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand, Tel +662-9869213 Ext. 7231, Fax +662-5165379, Email
| | - Kamonchanok Asisathaporn
- Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kamphon Intharanut
- Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Chaibangyang
- Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nipapan Leetrakool
- Blood Bank Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supattra Mitundee
- Regional Blood Centre 12th Songkhla, Thai Red Cross Society, Songkhla, Thailand
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The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax among adults in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4169. [PMID: 34234124 PMCID: PMC8263614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of P. vivax infections among Duffy-negative hosts have accumulated throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this growing body of evidence, no nationally representative epidemiological surveys of P. vivax in sub-Saharan Africa have been performed. To overcome this gap in knowledge, we screened over 17,000 adults in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for P. vivax using samples from the 2013-2014 Demographic Health Survey. Overall, we found a 2.97% (95% CI: 2.28%, 3.65%) prevalence of P. vivax infections across the DRC. Infections were associated with few risk-factors and demonstrated a relatively flat distribution of prevalence across space with focal regions of relatively higher prevalence in the north and northeast. Mitochondrial genomes suggested that DRC P. vivax were distinct from circulating non-human ape strains and an ancestral European P. vivax strain, and instead may be part of a separate contemporary clade. Our findings suggest P. vivax is diffusely spread across the DRC at a low prevalence, which may be associated with long-term carriage of low parasitemia, frequent relapses, or a general pool of infections with limited forward propagation.
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Wen J, van den Akker E, Luo G, Jia S, Wei L, Wang Z, van der Schoot CE, Ji Y. Identification of a novel DI*02(2558T) allele associated with weakened expression of DI2 antigen. Transfusion 2020; 60:2675-2683. [PMID: 32789883 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of DI1/DI2 antigens of the Diego blood group system is polymorphic in Mongoloid populations and the corresponding alloantibodies are clinically significant. Here a novel DI variant was found by donor screening, and the effect of the novel and previously reported mutations on expression of DI1/DI2 antigens and Band 3 protein was explored. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS DNA samples of 1150 Chinese donors were collected. DI*01/DI*02 genotyping was determined by Sanger sequencing. For the carrier of novel allele, the expression of Band 3 and DI1/DI2 antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) was detected by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. in vitro expression studies were conducted by transfecting the mutant (including the novel and three reported DI*02(2534T), DI*02(2358_2359insCAC), and DI*02(2572T) alleles) or wild-type DI*02 constructs into HEK 293T cells, the expression of Band 3 and DI1/DI2 antigens was analyzed. RESULTS A novel heterozygous mutation (c.2558C>T, p.Thr853Met), which is located near the DI1/DI2 polymorphism site (c.2561T>C), was identified in a donor with DI:-1,2 phenotype. Reduced expression of DI2 antigen was observed on the RBCs, while weakened expression of Band 3 and absence of DI2 antigen were detected in cells transfected with the mutant DI*02(2558T) construct. In addition, absent or decreased expression of Band 3 and DI2 antigen was also detected in cells transfected with three reported mutant constructs. CONCLUSION The novel DI*02(2558T) allele and three previously described DI mutations can affect the expression of Band 3 protein and/or DI2 antigen and/or interfere with DI*01/DI*02 genotyping result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhi Wen
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China.,Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guangping Luo
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Jia
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yanli Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
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Tanaka M, Abe T, Minamitani T, Akiba H, Horikawa T, Tobita R, Isa K, Ogasawara K, Takahashi H, Tateyama H, Tone S, Tsumoto K, Yasui T, Kimura T, Fujimura Y, Hirayama F, Tani Y, Takihara Y. The Kg-antigen, RhAG with a Lys164Gln mutation, gives rise to haemolytic disease of the newborn. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:920-926. [PMID: 32705675 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Kg-antigen was first discovered in an investigation of a mother whose infant had haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The antibody against the Kg-antigen is believed to be responsible for HDN. The Kg-antigen is provisionally registered under the number 700045, according to the Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology. However, the molecular nature of the Kg-antigen has remained a mystery for over 30 years. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against the Kg-antigen and the recombinant protein were developed that allowed for the immunoprecipitation analysis. Immunoprecipitants from the propositus' red blood cell ghosts were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, and DNA sequence analysis of the genes was also performed. A candidate for the Kg-antigen was molecularly isolated and confirmed to be a determinant of the Kg-antigen by cell transfection and flow cytometry analyses. The Kg-antigen and the genetic mutation were then screened for in a Japanese population. The molecular nature of the Kg-antigen was shown to be RhAG with a Lys164Gln mutation. Kg phenotyping further clarified that 0.22% of the Japanese population studied was positive for the Kg-antigen. These findings provide important information on the Kg-antigen, which has been clinically presumed to give rise to HDN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeharu Minamitani
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiba
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ryutaro Tobita
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Satomi Tone
- Tsukiyama Child Care Clinic, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoshihiko Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Łukasik E, Nowak I, Czerwinski M, Waśniowska K. Duffy blood group system - the frequency of Duffy antigen polymorphisms and novel mutations in the Polish population. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:156-161. [PMID: 30639084 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Duffy blood group genes are highly polymorphic with the distribution of alleles varying between different populations and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to genotype Duffy blood group antigens and to establish FY alleles frequency in the Polish population and screen for novel FY gene mutations. Duffy phenotype and genotype frequencies analysis was based on studies of 596 persons. All these subjects were genotyped by high-resolution melting (HRM) method. It was shown that phenotype Fy(a+b+), defined by genotypes FY*A/FY*B (33%), FY*A/FY*B298A (13%), and FY*A/FY*02W.01 (2.8%) was the most common in Polish population (˜49%), followed by Fy(a-b+), ˜29%, determined by genotypes arising from FY*B allele and all its variants. Fy(a+b-) phenotype occurred with a frequency of 21.3% and was defined by the following genotypes: FY*A/A (21%), and FY*A/02N.01 (0.3%). Among the Polish population the frequencies of FY*A, FY*B, and FY*B298A alleles were 45.7%, 36% and 15.5%, respectively. The alleles FY*B298A and FY*B combined together, represented higher frequency (51%) than FY*A. Alleles FY*02W.01 and FY*02N.01 had frequencies 2.51% and 0.25%, respectively. The distribution of Duffy genotypes in the Polish population was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.9682). Alleles in the genotypes are independent from each other (r = 0.0278, R2 = 0.00077). New mutations identified in the promoter region (c.-79T > C) and the coding region of the FY gene (c.147C > A and c.175 G > A) did not affect the Duffy antigen expression on erythrocyte. Although FY alleles frequency is known in different populations, no data for Polish population is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Łukasik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Kazimiera Waśniowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland.
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7
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Wei L, Lopez GH, Zhang Y, Wen J, Wang Z, Fu Y, Hyland CA, Flower RL, Luo G, Ji Y. Genotyping analysis of MNS blood group GP(B‐A‐B) hybrid glycophorins in the Chinese Southern Han population using a high‐resolution melting assay. Transfusion 2018; 58:1763-1771. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Genghis H. Lopez
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood ServiceQueensland Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jizhi Wen
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Catherine A. Hyland
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood ServiceQueensland Australia
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood ServiceQueensland Australia
| | - Guangping Luo
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood CenterGuangzhou P.R. China
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Tanaka M, Kamada I, Takahashi J, Kimura T, Tani Y. Genotyping of theABCG2gene using Matrix-Associated Laser Desorption/Ionisation, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Transfus Med 2017; 28:255-260. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - I. Kamada
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - J. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
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da Silva-Malta MCF, Sales CC, Guimarães JC, de Cássia Gonçalves P, Chaves DG, Santos HC, da Costa Pereira A, Ribas JG, de Freitas Carneiro-Proietti AB, Martins ML. The Duffy null genotype is associated with a lower level of CCL2, leukocytes and neutrophil count but not with the clinical outcome of HTLV-1 infection. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1207-1216. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Campos Sales
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Gonçalves Chaves
- Serviço de Pesquisa, Fundação Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group (GIPH), Brazil
| | - Hadassa Campos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Lobato Martins
- Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group (GIPH), Brazil
- Serviço de Pesquisa, Fundação Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Martins ML, da Silva AR, Santos HC, Alves MT, Schmidt LC, Vertchenko SB, Dusse LMS, Silva Malta MCFD. Duffy blood group system: New genotyping method and distribution in a Brazilian extra-Amazonian population. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 35:20-26. [PMID: 28587995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Duffy blood group system is of interest in several fields of science including transfusion medicine, immunology and malariology. Although some methods have been developed for Duffy polymorphism genotyping, not all of them have been sufficiently described and validated, and all present limitations. At the same time, the frequency of Duffy alleles and antigens in some densely populated regions of the world are still missing. In this study we present new tests for genotyping the major alleles of the Duffy blood system and describe Duffy alleles and antigens in blood donors and transfusion-dependent patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A simple and reproducible strategy was devised for Duffy genotyping based on real-time PCR that included SNPs rs12075 and rs2814778. No significant differences between the allele frequencies were observed comparing blood donors and patients. Among the blood donors, the phenotype Fy(a-b+) was the most common and the Fy(a-b-) phenotype, associated with populations of African descent, was remarkably less common among subjects who self-identified as black in comparison to other ethnoracial categories. However, the African ancestry estimated by molecular markers was significantly higher in individuals with the allele associated to the Duffy null phenotype. The genotyping method presented may be useful to study Duffy genotypes accurately in different contexts and populations. The results suggest a reduced risk of alloimmunization for Duffy antigens and increased susceptibility for malaria in Minas Gerais, considering the high frequency of Duffy-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lobato Martins
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais - Hemominas, MG, Brazil
| | - Adão Rogerio da Silva
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais - Hemominas, MG, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hadassa Campos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luci Maria SantAna Dusse
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Nathalang O, Intharanut K, Siriphanthong K, Nathalang S, Kupatawintu P. Duffy blood group genotyping in Thai blood donors. Ann Lab Med 2016; 35:618-23. [PMID: 26354350 PMCID: PMC4579106 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.6.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duffy (FY) blood group genotyping is important in transfusion medicine because Duffy alloantibodies are associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. In this study, FY allele frequencies in Thai blood donors were determined by in-house PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), and the probability of obtaining compatible blood for alloimmunized patients was assessed. Methods Five hundred blood samples from Thai blood donors of the National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, were included. Only 200 samples were tested with anti-Fya and anti-Fyb using the gel technique. All 500 samples and four samples from a Guinea family with the Fy(a-b-) phenotype were genotyped by using PCR-SSP. Additionally, the probability of obtaining antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) for alloimmunized patients was calculated according to the estimated FY allele frequencies. Results The FY phenotyping and genotyping results were in 100% concordance. The allele frequencies of FY*A and FY*B in 500 central Thais were 0.962 (962/1,000) and 0.038 (38/1,000), respectively. Although the Fy(a-b-) phenotype was not observed in this study, FY*BES/FY*BES was identified by PCR-SSP in the Guinea family and was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Conclusions Our results confirm the high frequency of the FY*A allele in the Thai population, similar to that of Asian populations. At least 500 Thai blood donors are needed to obtain two units of antigen-negative RBCs for the Fy(a-b+) phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oytip Nathalang
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand.
| | - Kamphon Intharanut
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Kanokpol Siriphanthong
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
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12
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Distribution of DI*A and DI*B Allele Frequencies and Comparisons among Central Thai and Other Populations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165134. [PMID: 27764238 PMCID: PMC5072727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloantibodies to the Diego (DI) blood group system, anti-Dia and anti-Dib are clinically significant in causing hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), especially in Asian populations with Mongolian ancestry. This study aimed to report the frequency of the DI*A and DI*B alleles in a Central Thai population and to compare them with those of other populations previously published. Altogether, 1,011 blood samples from unrelated healthy blood donors at the National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok were included. Only 391 samples were tested with anti-Dia by conventional tube technique. All samples were genotyped for DI*A and DI*B alleles using an in-house polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique. The DI phenotyping and genotyping results were in 100% concordance. The DI*A and DI*B allele frequencies among 1,011 Central Thais were 0.0183 (37/2,022) and 0.9817 (1,985/2,022), respectively. Allele frequencies were compared between Central Thai and other populations. Our data shows that DI*A and DI*B allele frequencies are similar to Southeast Asian, Brazilian, Southern Brazilian and American Native populations; whereas, these frequencies significantly differ from those reported in East Asian, Italian, Alaska Native/Aleut, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Filipino populations (P<0.05), corresponding to the results of a matrix of geometric genetic distances. This study confirms that the prevalence of DI*A and DI*B alleles among Central Thais is similar to Southeast Asians and different to others populations of the world. A PCR-based identification of DI genotyping should overcome some of the serological limitations in transfusion medicine and provides a complementary tool for further population-genetic studies.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Peyrard
- Département Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS); Paris France
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Abstract
Antigens of the Duffy (Fy) blood group are significant in medical transfusions since they may cause serious post-transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Results of serotyping performed on donors with reduced or abolished erythrocyte Duffy expression may be misleading, since the Duffy antigen is also present on non-erythroid cells. In such cases only DNA-based genotyping may reveal the actual Duffy antigen status. Here we describe the high-resolution melting (HRM) method for Duffy genotyping, which is a new post-PCR analysis method used for identifying genetic variations in nucleic acid sequences. It is based on the PCR melting curve technique where single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in DNA determines a characteristic shape of the melting curve and melting temperature (Tm) of a sample. HRM analysis for FY genotyping can discriminate SNPs in the FY gene through detection of small differences in melting profiles of variants when compared to controls. Recently, we have shown the usefulness of HRM analysis in elucidation of the molecular basis of Duffy-negative phenotype in a Polish family and in large-scale Duffy genotyping.
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15
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McBean RS, Hyland CA, Flower RL. Approaches to determination of a full profile of blood group genotypes: single nucleotide variant mapping and massively parallel sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 11:147-51. [PMID: 25408849 PMCID: PMC4232566 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of blood group systems, currently 35, has increased in the recent years as genetic variations defining red cell antigens continue to be discovered. At present, 44 genes and 1568 alleles have been defined as encoding antigens within the 35 blood group systems. This paper provides a brief overview of two genetic technologies: single nucleotide variant (SNV) mapping by DNA microarray and massively parallel sequencing, with respect to blood group genotyping. The most frequent genetic change associated with blood group antigens are SNVs. To predict blood group antigen phenotypes, SNV mapping which involves highly multiplexed genotyping, can be performed on commercial microarray platforms. Microarrays detect only known SNVs, therefore, to type rare or novel alleles not represented in the array, further Sanger sequencing of the region is often required to resolve genotype. An example discussed in this article is the identification of rare and novel RHD alleles in the Australian population. Massively parallel sequencing, also known as next generation sequencing, has a high-throughput capacity and maps all points of variation from a reference sequence, allowing for identification of novel SNVs. Examples of the application of this technology to resolve the genetic basis of orphan blood group antigens are presented here. Overall, the determination of a full profile of blood group SNVs, in addition to serological phenotyping, provides a basis for provision of compatible blood thus offering improved transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon S McBean
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine A Hyland
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Tanaka E, Kusumi T, Takahashi H, Hirashima M, Tanaka M, Kimura K, Takahashi J, Matsukura H, Tani Y. Defining and finding the rare donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Kusumi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Hirashima
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - K. Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - J. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Matsukura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
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Molecular typing for the Indian blood group associated 252G>C single nucleotide polymorphism in a selected cohort of Australian blood donors. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:78-85. [PMID: 24960658 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0336-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian blood group antigens, In(a) and In(b), are clinically significant in transfusion medicine. However, antisera to type these antigens are difficult to obtain. The In(b) antigen is a high frequency antigen present in all populations, while the frequency of the antithetical In(a) ranges from 0.1% in Caucasians up to 11% in Middle Eastern groups. This antigen polymorphism is encoded by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 252G>C in CD44. The aim of this study was to establish and compare two genotyping methods to measure the frequency of the IN*A and IN*B alleles in a blood donor cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Donor blood samples (n=151) were genotyped by a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high-resolution meltcurve (HRM) analysis and a custom matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay. Samples with the rare IN*A allele were further investigated by nucleotide sequencing, red cell agglutination, and flow cytometry techniques. RESULTS In this study group, 149 IN*B homozygous and 2 IN*A/B heterozygous samples were detected with 100% concordance between HRM and MALDI-TOF MS methods. For PCR HRM, amplicon melting alone did not differentiate IN*A and IN*B alleles (class 3 SNP), however, the introduction of an unlabelled probe (UP) increased the resolution of the assay. Sequencing confirmed that the two non-homozygous samples were IN*A/B heterozygous and phenotyping by red cell agglutination, and flow cytometry confirmed both In(a) and In(b) antigens were present as predicted. DISCUSSION Genotyping permits conservation of rare antisera to predict blood group antigen phenotype. In PCR UP-HRM the IN*A and IN*B alleles were discriminated on the basis of their melting properties. The In(a) frequency in this selected donor population was 1.3%. Application of genotyping methods such as these assists in identifying donors with rare blood group phenotypes of potential clinical significance.
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Zhou S, Liu M, An W, Liang X, Yu W, Piao F. A New Method for Analyzing the Duffy Blood Group Genotype by TaqMan Minor Groove Binding Probes. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:203-7. [PMID: 24798509 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duffy blood group genotyping is useful to ensure transfusion safety and determine the association of Duffy blood group polymorphism with diseases, and therefore has its clinical significance. In order to improve the existing methods for genotyping of Duffy blood group, which normally require post-PCR manipulation, a new method was developed by using 5'-nuclease assay (NA) with TaqMan minor groove binding (MGB) probes. METHODS Primers and TaqMan-MGB probes were designed and synthesized to genotype FY*A and FY*B alleles at Duffy blood group locus on a real-time PCR platform. A total of 120 samples were genotyped by using the new 5'-NA and conventional polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific primers (PCR-ASP). The results obtained by the two methods were compared. RESULTS There was a complete concordance of results for all samples genotyped by 5'-NA and PCR-ASP. The retesting results of 5'-NA were consistent with those of the initial testing. The detection limit of 5'-NA was determined as 100 pg per reaction. The FY*A and FY*B allelic frequencies were 93.3% and 6.7% respectively in the Chinese Han population in Dalian. CONCLUSIONS The 5'-NA for genotyping of Duffy blood group is simple, rapid, reliable, reproducible, sensitive, and high-throughput and is superior to PCR-ASP used in routine genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | | | | | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Abstract
Jk antigens, which were identified as urea transporter B (UT-B) in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes, and which determine the Kidd blood type in humans, are involved in transfusion medicine, and even in organ transplantation. The Jk(a-b-) blood type is a consequence of a silent Slc14A1 gene caused by various mutations related to lineage. In addition, the specific mutations related to hypertension and metabolic syndrome cannot be ignored. Genome-wide association studies established Slc14A1 as a related gene of bladder cancer and some genotypes are associated with higher morbidity. This chapter aims to introduce the clinical significance of urea transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, China,
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Tanaka M, Kamada I, Takahashi J, Hirayama F, Tani Y. Evaluation of a blood group genotyping platform (BLOODchip(®) Reference) in Japanese samples. Transfus Med 2013; 24:39-44. [PMID: 24152224 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-group genotyping arrays have been widely used in Caucasian and African American populations, but have not been thoroughly tested in Japanese subjects. AIM To evaluate, using the BLOODchip(®) Reference genotyping system, the concordance of previously typed samples with expected phenotypes and the coverage of the Japanese variants. METHODS Blood samples from 100 Japanese donors were obtained. DNA was extracted with QIAsymphony (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Samples were typed by serological methods and processed with the BLOODchip(®) . When a non-concordant result was identified, further sequencing by polymerase chain reaction-single specific primer (PCR-SSP) was performed. RESULTS Concordance between systems was 98% (736/751), and 98.8% (742/751) if only non-software-related non-concordances were considered. In the ABO group, 6 'No Call' (NC, inability of the BLOODchip(®) to assign a result) were ascribed to a variant of blood subtype A1 (A102; 467C>T), a common subtype in Asian populations, whereas three NC presented additional polymorphisms not contained in the BLOODchip(®) (A102/A205, A102/O06 and A204/O02). In the RhD group, one discrepancy was correctly genotyped as RHD*1227A (Del phenotype) by the BLOODchip(®) (phenotyped as partial D, RHD*DIVb). Another was phenotyped as D+ by the BLOODchip(®) (phenotyped weak D by serology) and confirmed as RHD*D-CE(2)-D heterozygous by sequencing. The 3 RhD NC can be solved by further software update. For RhCE, one discrepancy was correctly genotyped for both systems; however, only the BLOODchip(®) was able to detect RHCE*CX allele. CONCLUSIONS By programming the A102 ABO variant into the system software with the new allele combinations, the BLOODchip(®) Reference is a suitable genotyping tool to be applied to Asian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross, Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Flôres MALR, Visentainer JEL, Guelsin GAS, Fracasso ADS, de Melo FC, Hashimoto MN, Sell AM. Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group system polymorphism in Brazilian Japanese descendants. Transfus Apher Sci 2013; 50:123-8. [PMID: 24231689 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems were studied in 209 unrelated Brazilian Japanese descendants from South of Brazil. The methods used were multiplex-PCR, AS-PCR and RFLP-PCR. The differences in frequencies among the populations were evaluated using chi-square test. The frequencies for Rh, Kell, Kidd and Diego system were similar to those of the Japanese. RHCE(*)CC, RHCE(*)EE genotypes and FY(*)01 allele were lower and FY(*)01N.01 was higher than Japanese. These differences in the frequencies between Brazilian Japanese descendants and Japanese could indicate a gene flow in Brazilian population and reinforce the importance of this knowledge to achieve safe red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli Aparecida Luvisuto Rossett Flôres
- Program of Biosciences Applied to Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Maringa State University Parana, Brazil, Av. Colombo, 5790 Maringa, PR 87020900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana de Souza Fracasso
- Basic Health Sciences Department, Maringa State University Parana, Brazil, Av. Colombo, 5790 Maringa, PR 87020900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Cavalcante de Melo
- Basic Health Sciences Department, Maringa State University Parana, Brazil, Av. Colombo, 5790 Maringa, PR 87020900, Brazil
| | - Margareth Naomi Hashimoto
- Maringa Regional Hemocenter, Maringa State University, Av. Mandacaru, 1600 Maringa, PR 87080000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Sell
- Basic Health Sciences Department, Maringa State University Parana, Brazil, Av. Colombo, 5790 Maringa, PR 87020900, Brazil.
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Molecular characterization of the Fy(a−b−) phenotype in a Polish family. Transfus Apher Sci 2013; 49:313-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tanaka M, Kamada I, Takahashi J, Kimura K, Matsukura H, Tani Y. Defining the Jr(a-) phenotype in the Japanese population. Transfusion 2013; 54:412-7. [PMID: 23713577 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jr(a-) phenotype is rare in European and North American populations but is not so rare in Japanese and other Asian populations. Recently, two groups have established the connection between the Jr(a-) phenotype and the ATP-binding cassette, member G2 (ABCG2) gene and concluded that ABCG2-null alleles encode the Jr(a-) phenotype. In Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers, the Jr(a-) phenotype is found with a prevalence of 0.05% among blood donors, and we applied DNA-based genotyping to investigate the molecular basis of the Jr(a-) phenotype in Japan, in addition to serologic typing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Purified genomic DNA extracts of Japanese donor samples [500 Jr(a+) and 85 Jr(a-) phenotypes] were amplified using specific amplification primers for the c.376C>T mutation, which is the most common mutation in the Asian JRnull allele. Polymerase chain reaction products were examined by high-resolution melt techniques and DNA sequence analyses. RESULTS Seventy-nine of 85 Jr(a-) samples were homozygous for the single-nucleotide polymorphism c.376C>T (Gln126Stop) change. In other samples, two novel null alleles were detected: c.2T>C and c.421C>A: c.1515delC. CONCLUSION In this study, more than 90% of the Japanese Jr(a-) phenotypes had c.376C>T (Gln126Stop) nucleotide change. In the other Jr(a-), a new mutation (c.2T>C) in the start codon encoding Thr instead of Met, c.1515delC encoding Ala505AlafsStop and heterozygous for c.337C/T and c.736C/T were detected. DNA-based genotyping is accurate and useful for Jr(a-) donor typing.
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Intharanut K, Grams R, Bejrachandra S, Sriwanitchrak P, Nathalang O. Improved allele-specific PCR technique for Kidd blood group genotyping. J Clin Lab Anal 2013; 27:53-8. [PMID: 23325744 PMCID: PMC6807600 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) technique for Kidd blood group genotyping. METHODS Altogether, 340 blood samples from Thai blood donors at the National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, were tested with anti-Jk(a) and anti-Jk(b) using the gel technique and the direct urea lysis test was used for screening Jk(a-b-) phenotype. For AS-PCR technique, different types of primers were used for JK*01 and JK*02 allele detections in known DNA controls. RESULTS Regarding JK*02 allele detection, the pseudopositve amplification products were found when using correctly matched forward primer and a single mismatch forward primer. Interestingly, one type of two mismatch pairing at the 3' end of the forward primer can be used together with the newly designed reverse primer for Kidd blood group genotyping. It was found that the typing results in all samples obtained by serological techniques and newly developed AS-PCR technique were in agreement and this PCR technique also gave 100% concordance of results in 30 samples randomly tested twice and demonstrated reproducible results. CONCLUSION This study shows that the in-house AS-PCR is simple, cost-effective, and convenient for Kidd blood group genotyping in routine laboratories, especially, in resolving serologic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamphon Intharanut
- Graduate Program in Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Allied Health SciencesThammasat University PathumtaniThailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Allied Health SciencesThammasat University PathumtaniThailand
| | - Sasitorn Bejrachandra
- Department of Transfusion MedicineFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Pramote Sriwanitchrak
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Allied Health SciencesThammasat University PathumtaniThailand
| | - Oytip Nathalang
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Allied Health SciencesThammasat University PathumtaniThailand
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Hayashi T, Ishii H, Tanaka M, Yasui K, Fukumori Y, Tanaka S, Hirayama F. High-resolution melting method for genotyping human platelet antigens on ITGB3 Exon 11. Transfusion 2012; 52:1837-8. [PMID: 22882095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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