1
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Long ME, Koirala S, Sloan S, Brown-Burke F, Weigel C, Villagomez L, Corps K, Sharma A, Hout I, Harper M, Helmig-Mason J, Tallada S, Chen Z, Scherle P, Vaddi K, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Meydan C, Foox J, Butler D, Mason C, Alinari L, Blaser BW, Baiocchi R. Resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2024; 8:150-163. [PMID: 37782774 PMCID: PMC10787272 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and patients who relapse on targeted therapies have poor prognosis. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme essential for B-cell transformation, drives multiple oncogenic pathways and is overexpressed in MCL. Despite the antitumor activity of PRMT5 inhibition (PRT-382/PRT-808), drug resistance was observed in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) MCL model. Decreased survival of mice engrafted with these PRMT5 inhibitor-resistant cells vs treatment-naive cells was observed (P = .005). MCL cell lines showed variable sensitivity to PRMT5 inhibition. Using PRT-382, cell lines were classified as sensitive (n = 4; 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 20-140 nM) or primary resistant (n = 4; 340-1650 nM). Prolonged culture of sensitive MCL lines with drug escalation produced PRMT5 inhibitor-resistant cell lines (n = 4; 200-500 nM). This resistant phenotype persisted after prolonged culture in the absence of drug and was observed with PRT-808. In the resistant PDX and cell line models, symmetric dimethylarginine reduction was achieved at the original PRMT5 inhibitor IC50, suggesting activation of alternative resistance pathways. Bulk RNA sequencing of resistant cell lines and PDX relative to sensitive or short-term-treated cells, respectively, highlighted shared upregulation of multiple pathways including mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase [mTOR] signaling (P < 10-5 and z score > 0.3 or < 0.3). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated a strong shift in global gene expression, with upregulation of mTOR signaling in resistant PDX MCL samples. Targeted blockade of mTORC1 with temsirolimus overcame the PRMT5 inhibitor-resistant phenotype, displayed therapeutic synergy in resistant MCL cell lines, and improved survival of a resistant PDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Elizabeth Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shirsha Koirala
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fiona Brown-Burke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lynda Villagomez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kara Corps
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Archisha Sharma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ian Hout
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Margaret Harper
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sheetal Tallada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley W. Blaser
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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2
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Potent efficacy of MCL-1 inhibitor-based therapies in preclinical models of mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:2009-2023. [PMID: 31772331 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis-regulating BCL-2 family members, which can promote malignant transformation and resistance to therapy, have become prime therapeutic targets, as illustrated by the striking efficacy in certain lymphoid malignancies of the BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax. In other lymphoid malignancies, however, such as the aggressive mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), cell survival might rely instead or also on BCL-2 relative MCL-1. We have explored MCL-1 as a target for killing MCL cells by both genetic and pharmacologic approaches. In several MCL cell lines, MCL-1 knockout with an inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system triggered spontaneous apoptosis. Accordingly, most MCL cell lines proved sensitive to the specific MCL-1 inhibitor S63845, and MCL-1 inhibition also proved efficacious in an MCL xenograft model. Furthermore, its killing efficacy rose on combination with venetoclax, the BCL-XL-specific inhibitor A-1331852, or Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, which reduced pro-survival signals. We also tested the MCL-1 inhibitor in primary samples from 13 MCL patients, using CD40L-expressing feeder cells to model their microenvironmental support. Notably, all unstimulated primary MCL samples were very sensitive to S63845, but the CD40L stimulation attenuated their sensitivity. Mass cytometric analysis revealed that the stimulation likely conveyed protection by elevating BCL-XL and MCL-1. Accordingly, sensitivity of the CD40L-stimulated cells to S63845 was substantially restored by co-treatment with venetoclax, the BCL-XL-specific inhibitor or ibrutinib. Overall, our findings indicate that MCL-1 is very important for survival of MCL cells and that the MCL-1 inhibitor, both alone and together with ibrutinib, venetoclax or a BCL-XL inhibitor, offers promise for novel improved MCL therapies.
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3
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Sharma S, Wang J, Alqassim E, Portwood S, Cortes Gomez E, Maguire O, Basse PH, Wang ES, Segal BH, Baysal BE. Mitochondrial hypoxic stress induces widespread RNA editing by APOBEC3G in natural killer cells. Genome Biol 2019; 20:37. [PMID: 30791937 PMCID: PMC6383285 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein recoding by RNA editing is required for normal health and evolutionary adaptation. However, de novo induction of RNA editing in response to environmental factors is an uncommon phenomenon. While APOBEC3A edits many mRNAs in monocytes and macrophages in response to hypoxia and interferons, the physiological significance of such editing is unclear. Results Here, we show that the related cytidine deaminase, APOBEC3G, induces site-specific C-to-U RNA editing in natural killer cells, lymphoma cell lines, and, to a lesser extent, CD8-positive T cells upon cellular crowding and hypoxia. In contrast to expectations from its anti-HIV-1 function, the highest expression of APOBEC3G is shown to be in cytotoxic lymphocytes. RNA-seq analysis of natural killer cells subjected to cellular crowding and hypoxia reveals widespread C-to-U mRNA editing that is enriched for genes involved in mRNA translation and ribosome function. APOBEC3G promotes Warburg-like metabolic remodeling in HuT78 T cells under similar conditions. Hypoxia-induced RNA editing by APOBEC3G can be mimicked by the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and occurs independently of HIF-1α. Conclusions APOBEC3G is an endogenous RNA editing enzyme in primary natural killer cells and lymphoma cell lines. This RNA editing is induced by cellular crowding and mitochondrial respiratory inhibition to promote adaptation to hypoxic stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13059-019-1651-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.,Present Address: Translate Bio, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Emad Alqassim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Scott Portwood
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Orla Maguire
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Per H Basse
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Bora E Baysal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Molecular signatures for CCN1, p21 and p27 in progressive mantle cell lymphoma. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:421-434. [PMID: 30465121 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a comparatively rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterised by overexpression of cyclin D1. Many patients present with or progress to advanced stage disease within 3 years. MCL is considered an incurable disease with median survival between 3 and 4 years. We have investigated the role(s) of CCN1 (CYR61) and cell cycle regulators in progressive MCL. We have used the human MCL cell lines REC1 < G519 < JVM2 as a model for disease aggression. The magnitude of CCN1 expression in human MCL cells is REC1 > G519 > JVM2 cells by RQ-PCR, depicting a decrease in CCN1 expression with disease progression. Investigation of CCN1 isoform expression by western blotting showed that whilst expression of full-length CCN1 was barely altered in the cell lines, expression of truncated forms (18-20 and 28-30 kDa) decreased with disease progression. We have then demonstrated that cyclin D1 and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (p21CIP1and p27KIP1) are also involved in disease progression. Cyclin D1 was highly expressed in REC1 cells (OD: 1.0), reduced to one fifth in G519 cells (OD: 0.2) and not detected by western blotting in JVM2 cells. p27KIP1 followed a similar profile of expression as cyclin D1. Conversely, p21CIP1 was absent in the REC1 cells and showed increasing expression in G519 and JVM2 cells. Subcellular localization detected p21CIP1/ p27KIP1 primarily within the cytoplasm and absent from the nucleus, consistent with altered roles in treatment resistance. Dysregulation of the CCN1 truncated forms are associated with MCL progression. In conjunction with reduced expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of p21, this molecular signature may depict aggressive disease and treatment resistance.
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Popov J, Gilabert-Oriol R, Bally MB. Unique therapeutic properties and preparation methodology of multivalent rituximab-lipid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:256-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sekihara K, Saitoh K, Han L, Ciurea S, Yamamoto S, Kikkawa M, Kazuno S, Taka H, Kaga N, Arai H, Miida T, Andreeff M, Konopleva M, Tabe Y. Targeting mantle cell lymphoma metabolism and survival through simultaneous blockade of mTOR and nuclear transporter exportin-1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:34552-34564. [PMID: 28388555 PMCID: PMC5470990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis, characterized by aberrant expression of growth-regulating and oncogenic effectors and requiring novel anticancer strategies. The nuclear transporter exportin-1 (XPO1) is highly expressed in MCL and is associated with its pathogenesis. mTOR signaling, a central regulator of cell metabolism, is frequently activated in MCL and is also an important therapeutic target in this cancer. This study investigated the antitumor effects and molecular/metabolic changes induced by the combination of the small-molecule selective inhibitor XPO1 inhibitor KPT-185 and the dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor AZD-2014 on MCL cells. AZD-2014 enhanced the KPT-185-induced inhibition of cell growth and repression of cell viability. The combination of KPT-185 and AZD-2014 downregulated c-Myc and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) with its target heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). As a consequence, the combination caused repression of ribosomal biogenesis demonstrated by iTRAQ proteomic analyses. Metabolite assay by CETOF-MS showed that AZD-2014 enhanced the KPT-185-induced repression of MCL cellular energy metabolism through the TCA (Krebs) cycle, and further repressed KPT-185-caused upregulation of glycolysis.Thus the simultaneous inhibition of XPO1 and mTOR signaling is a novel and promising strategy targeting prosurvival metabolism in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Sekihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lina Han
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Ciurea
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shinichi Yamamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kikkawa
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Taka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Next Genertion Hematology Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Dale Rein I, Solberg Landsverk K, Micci F, Patzke S, Stokke T. Replication-induced DNA damage after PARP inhibition causes G2 delay, and cell line-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and multinucleation. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3248-60. [PMID: 26312527 PMCID: PMC4825575 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1085137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been approved for treatment of tumors with mutations in or loss of BRCA1/2. The molecular mechanisms and particularly the cellular phenotypes resulting in synthetic lethality are not well understood and varying clinical responses have been observed. We have investigated the dose- and time-dependency of cell growth, cell death and cell cycle traverse of 4 malignant lymphocyte cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. PARP inhibition induced a severe growth inhibition in this cell line panel and increased the levels of phosphorylated H2AX-associated DNA damage in S phase. Repair of the remaining replication related damage caused a G2 phase delay before entry into mitosis. The G2 delay, and the growth inhibition, was more pronounced in the absence of functional ATM. Further, Olaparib treated Reh and Granta-519 cells died by apoptosis, while U698 and JVM-2 cells proceeded through mitosis with aberrant chromosomes, skipped cytokinesis, and eventually died by necrosis. The TP53-deficient U698 cells went through several rounds of DNA replication and mitosis without cytokinesis, ending up as multinucleated cells with DNA contents of up to 16c before dying. In summary, we report here for the first time cell cycle-resolved DNA damage induction, and cell line-dependent differences in the mode of cell death caused by PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idun Dale Rein
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Kirsti Solberg Landsverk
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- b Section of Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Medical Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway.,c Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
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8
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Fogli LK, Williams ME, Connors JM, Reid Y, Brown K, O'Connor OA. Development and characterization of a Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cell Bank in the American Type Culture Collection. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:2114-22. [PMID: 25315077 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.970548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare B-cell malignancy that carries a relatively poor prognosis compared to other forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Standardized preclinical tools are desperately required to hasten the discovery and translation of promising new treatments for MCL. Via an initiative organized through the Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium and the Lymphoma Research Foundation, we gathered MCL cell lines from laboratories around the world to create a characterized MCL Cell Bank at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Initiated in 2006, this collection now contains eight cell lines, all of which have been rigorously characterized and are now stored and available for distribution to the general scientific community. We believe the awareness and use of these standardized cell lines will decrease variability between investigators, harmonize international research efforts, improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and hasten the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fogli
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
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9
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Molecular characterization of chromosomal band 5p15.33: a recurrent breakpoint region in mantle cell lymphoma involving the TERT-CLPTM1L locus. Leuk Res 2012; 37:280-6. [PMID: 23137523 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Secondary chromosomal aberrations may contribute to the development of a malignant phenotype in mantle cell lymphoma. Chromosomal band 5p15.33 represents a new recurrent breakpoint in B-cell malignancies. We present a molecular cytogenetic study of 8 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines and 23 patients with MCL to determine and characterize novel secondary aberrations. We detected new secondary recurrent rearrangements in all cell lines and in 7 patients and confirmed 5p15.33 as a recurrent breakpoint in 4 cell lines and one patient. Further molecular characterization by flow-FISH and quantitative RT-PCR suggest TERT and CLPTM1L as target genes of 5p15.33 rearrangements.
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10
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Munger CM, Hegde GV, Weisenburger DD, Vose JM, Joshi SS. Optimized adoptive T-cell therapy for the treatment of residual mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1819-32. [PMID: 22441656 PMCID: PMC11029434 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm with few patients achieving long-term survival with current treatment regimens. High-dose therapy is effective in reducing the tumor burden; however, patients eventually relapse due to minimal residual disease. Having demonstrated efficacy in other malignancies, the effectiveness of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for minimal residual MCL was examined. We demonstrated that dendritic cells (DC) primed with MCL antigens stimulated the activation of MCL-specific T cells that recognized and destroyed both MCL cell lines and primary MCL in vitro. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrated that adoptively transferred MCL-specific T cells were able to significantly inhibit tumor growth in mice with minimal residual MCL. Subsequently, when combined with CHOP chemotherapy, adoptive T-cell therapy was able to significantly extend the survival of the mice by further reducing the tumor burden. These results clearly show that MCL-specific cellular immunotherapy is effective in treating minimal residual MCL, paving the way for future clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/secondary
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M. Munger
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Center for Research in Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395 USA
| | - Ganapati V. Hegde
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Center for Research in Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395 USA
| | - Dennis D. Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Research in Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395 USA
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Oncology and Hematology, Center for Research in Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395 USA
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Center for Research in Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395 USA
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11
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Obrador-Hevia A, Serra-Sitjar M, Rodríguez J, Villalonga P, Fernández de Mattos S. The tumour suppressor FOXO3 is a key regulator of mantle cell lymphoma proliferation and survival. Br J Haematol 2011; 156:334-45. [PMID: 22107151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The FOXO3 (Forkhead/winged helix box class O 3) transcription factor is a crucial regulator of haematopoietic cell fate that controls proliferation and apoptosis, among other processes. Despite the central role of FOXO3 as a tumour suppressor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT effector, little is known about its involvement in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) biology. This study investigated the expression and activity of FOXO3 in MCL cell lines and in primary cultures. We analysed the expression of key FOXO regulators and targets, and studied the effect of modulators of FOXO function on cell viability and apoptosis. FOXO3 was constitutively inactivated in MCL cell lines, and showed cytoplasmic localization in patient-derived cells. PI3K and AKT, but not mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibitors induced FOXO3 nuclear translocation and activation in correlation with their impact on MCL proliferation and survival. Moreover, FOXO3-defective cells were resistant to PI3K/AKT inhibitors. Reactivation of FOXO function with a nuclear export inhibitor had a profound effect on cell viability, consistent with FOXO3 nuclear accumulation. Interestingly, inhibition of FOXO3 nuclear export enhanced the effect of doxorubicin. Taken together, our results confirm that FOXO3 is a relevant regulator of proliferation and apoptosis in MCL, and suggest that reactivation of FOXO3 function might be a useful therapeutic strategy in MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Obrador-Hevia
- Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Crta Valldemossa km 7Æ5. E-07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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12
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Popov J, Kapanen AI, Turner C, Ng R, Tucker C, Chiu G, Klasa R, Bally MB, Chikh G. Multivalent rituximab lipid nanoparticles as improved lymphoma therapies: indirect mechanisms of action and in vivo activity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1575-91. [PMID: 22011314 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The activity of therapeutic antibodies can be enhanced by creating multivalent constructs, such as antibody lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Here, we examine differences between rituximab (Ritux) and Ritux-LNPs in terms of their indirect mechanisms of action: complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). MATERIALS & METHODS We employed two mantle-cell lymphoma cell lines, Z138 and JVM2, which exhibit different in vivo sensitivities to Ritux along with variable expression levels of cell-surface proteins that regulate ADCC and CDC. RESULTS In both cell lines, CDC and ADCC were found to be significantly enhanced after treatment with Ritux-LNPs compared with Ritux. In vivo efficacy studies, however, suggested that the therapeutic activities of Ritux and Ritux-LNPs were equivalent, which was subsequently explained in part by pharmacokinetic studies indicating rapid elimination of Ritux-LNP. CONCLUSION Although indirect and direct mechanisms of multivalent Ritux are enhanced, its further development requires methods to improve its circulation lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Popov
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Ave., Vancouver BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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13
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Caicedo-Carvajal CE, Liu Q, Remache Y, Goy A, Suh KS. Cancer Tissue Engineering: A Novel 3D Polystyrene Scaffold for In Vitro Isolation and Amplification of Lymphoma Cancer Cells from Heterogeneous Cell Mixtures. J Tissue Eng 2011; 2011:362326. [PMID: 22073378 PMCID: PMC3168765 DOI: 10.4061/2011/362326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation and amplification of primary lymphoma cells in vitro setting is technically and biologically challenging task. To optimize culture environment and mimic in vivo conditions, lymphoma cell lines were used as a test case and were grown in 3-dimension (3D) using a novel 3D tissue culture polystyrene scaffold with neonatal stromal cells to represent a lymphoma microenvironment. In this model, the cell proliferation was enhanced more than 200-fold or 20,000% neoplastic surplus in 7 days when less than 1% lymphoma cells were cocultured with 100-fold excess of neonatal stroma cells, representing 3.2-fold higher proliferative rate than 2D coculture model. The lymphoma cells grew and aggregated to form clusters during 3D coculture and did not maintained the parental phenotype to grow in single-cell suspension. The cluster size was over 5-fold bigger in the 3D coculture by day 4 than 2D coculture system and contained less than 0.00001% of neonatal fibroblast trace. This preliminary data indicate that novel 3D scaffold geometry and coculturing environment can be customized to amplify primary cancer cells from blood or tissues related to hematological cancer and subsequently used for personalized drug screening procedures.
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14
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Knock-down of SOX11 induces autotaxin-dependent increase in proliferation in vitro and more aggressive tumors in vivo. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:527-37. [PMID: 21880559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX11 is a novel diagnostic marker for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), distinguishing this aggressive tumor from potential simulators. Recent data also show that the level of SOX11 correlates to in vitro growth properties in MCL, as well as the clinical progression. We have previously shown that MCL-associated pathways, such as Rb-E2F, are dysregulated leading to decreased proliferation upon overexpression of SOX11, emphasizing the impact of SOX11 on MCL-specific gene expression and growth control. However, it remains to be determined which growth regulatory pathways that are induced upon SOX11 knock-down, leading to an increased cellular growth. Consequently, we established a model cell line with constitutive down-regulation of SOX11. The highly proliferative features of this cell line were investigated by gene expression analysis, proliferation assay, cell cycle distribution and potential to induce tumors in NOD-SCID mice. Our in vitro studies demonstrated a SOX11-dependent regulation of MCL-specific gene expression. In addition, we identified autotaxin (ATX) to be regulated by SOX11. Our results clearly showed a correlation between SOX11 level and cellular growth rate, which was dependent on ATX, as well as a direct relation between the level of SOX11 in tumorigenic cells and the growth rate of these tumors in NOD-SCID mice.
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15
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Kim M, Williamson CT, Prudhomme J, Bebb DG, Riabowol K, Lee PWK, Lees-Miller SP, Mori Y, Rahman MM, McFadden G, Johnston RN. The viral tropism of two distinct oncolytic viruses, reovirus and myxoma virus, is modulated by cellular tumor suppressor gene status. Oncogene 2010; 29:3990-6. [PMID: 20473328 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Replication-competent oncolytic viruses hold great potential for the clinical treatment of many cancers. Importantly, many oncolytic virus candidates, such as reovirus and myxoma virus, preferentially infect cancer cells bearing abnormal cellular signaling pathways. Reovirus and myxoma virus are highly responsive to activated Ras and Akt signaling pathways, respectively, for their specificity for viral oncolysis. However, considering the complexity of cancer cell populations, it is possible that other tumor-specific signaling pathways may also contribute to viral discrimination between normal versus cancer cells. Because carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the accumulation of both oncogene activations and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, we speculated that not only oncogenes but also tumor suppressor genes may have an important role in determining the tropism of these viruses for cancer cells. It has been previously shown that many cellular tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, ATM and Rb, are important for maintaining genomic stability; dysfunction of these tumor suppressors may disrupt intact cellular antiviral activity due to the accumulation of genomic instability or due to interference with apoptotic signaling. Therefore, we speculated that cells with dysfunctional tumor suppressors may display enhanced susceptibility to challenge with these oncolytic viruses, as previously seen with adenovirus. We report here that both reovirus and myxoma virus preferentially infect cancer cells bearing dysfunctional or deleted p53, ATM and Rb tumor suppressor genes compared to cells retaining normal counterparts of these genes. Thus, oncolysis by these viruses may be influenced by both oncogenic activation and tumor suppressor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Williamson CT, Muzik H, Turhan AG, Zamò A, O'Connor MJ, Bebb DG, Lees-Miller SP. ATM deficiency sensitizes mantle cell lymphoma cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:347-57. [PMID: 20124459 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibition is toxic to cells with mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 or BRCA2, a concept termed synthetic lethality. However, whether this approach is applicable to other human cancers with defects in other DNA repair genes has yet to be determined. The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is altered in several human cancers including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we characterize a panel of MCL cell lines for ATM status and function and investigate the potential for synthetic lethality in MCL in the presence of small-molecule inhibitors of PARP-1. We show that Granta-519 and UPN2 cells have low levels of ATM protein, are defective in DNA damage-induced ATM-dependent signaling, are radiation sensitive, and have cell cycle checkpoint defects: all characteristics of defective ATM function. Significantly, Granta-519 and UPN2 cells were more sensitive to PARP-1 inhibition than were the ATM-proficient MCL cell lines examined. Furthermore, the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib (known previously as AZD2281/KU-0059436) significantly decreased tumor growth and increased overall survival in mice bearing s.c. xenografts of ATM-deficient Granta-519 cells while producing only a modest effect on overall survival of mice bearing xenografts of the ATM-proficient cell line, Z138. Thus, PARP inhibitors have therapeutic potential in the treatment of MCL, and the concept of synthetic lethality extends to human cancers with ATM alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris T Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Susceptibility of mantle cell lymphomas to reovirus oncolysis. Leuk Res 2009; 34:100-8. [PMID: 19651440 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) an incurable B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) urgently requires new treatments. We assessed reovirus mediated oncolysis in a panel of human MCL cell lines. In vitro, we found the cytopathic effect of reovirus infection ranged from high to very limited and correlated with levels of Ras activation. In vivo, a single reovirus injection intra-tumorally resulted in complete regression of both the injected and the contra-lateral tumor in a subcutaneous bi-tumor model, in one out of three cell lines tested. Reovirus treatment of MCL seems feasible but will need to be guided by the presence of molecular determinants of reovirus susceptibility.
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18
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Wang M, Atayar C, Rosati S, Bosga-Bouwer A, Kluin P, Visser L. JNK is constitutively active in mantle cell lymphoma: cell cycle deregulation and polyploidy by JNK inhibitor SP600125. J Pathol 2009; 218:95-103. [PMID: 19206150 DOI: 10.1002/path.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by genetic instability and a poor prognosis. Many blastoid variants are (hypo)tetraploid and have an even worse prognosis. We investigated the role of signalling by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in MCL. As compared to normal tonsil B cells, MCL cells showed higher activation of the JNK MAPK in both an MAPK array and a sandwich ELISA assay. Immunohistochemistry showed overexpression of phospho (p)-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) in 30 of 37 MCL cases. Inhibition of p-JNK with SP600125 resulted in growth arrest in all four MCL cell lines (Jeko-1, HBL-2, UPN-1, Granta-519), which could be partly reversed by the addition of CD40L and IL-4. Furthermore, SP600125 led to G2/M phase arrest on day 1 and a striking increase in endoreduplication on day 2 and day 3, which was confirmed by karyotype analysis. G2/M arrest was associated with down-regulation of EGR1 and p21 protein expression. SP600125-induced polyploidy could be blocked by the BCL-2 inhibitor YC137. These data suggest that constitutive JNK activity is necessary to promote proliferation and maintain diploidy in MCL. JNK inhibition leads to cell cycle deregulation and endoreduplication, mimicking the tetraploid state seen in a subset of MCL cases. Thus, our data also provide an experimental model to study polyploid MCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mantle cell lymphoma is characterized by dysregulation of cyclin D1, but this is not sufficient for lymphoma development. It is a difficult disease to treat, being incurable with standard chemotherapy and having a median survival of approximately 5 years. The purpose of this review is to update recent advances in mantle cell lymphoma biology with prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications, and mantle cell lymphoma treatment approaches and new agents. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic alterations that cooperate with cyclin D1 have been described that alter proliferation, in particular p27Kip and p16INK4, or apoptosis. Biological factors such as high-proliferation signature defined by gene expression profiles, loss of p27 and presence of mutant p53 confer poor prognosis. Proliferative rate also predicts patient outcome. Clinical criteria such as the international prognostic index, follicular lymphoma international prognostic index or a formula using age, performance status, white blood cell count and lactate dehydrogenase, separate prognostic groups. Not all patients require therapy at diagnosis. Although the best reported results have been with rituximab-hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone-methotrexate/cytarabine, a cooperative group study of this regimen appears not quite as successful. Consolidation of remission after rituximab-cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone with high-dose therapy/stem-cell support prolongs remission and consolidation with radioimmunotherapy shows promise. Intensifying induction by alternating intensified rituximab-cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone with rituximab and high-dose cytarabine, followed by high-dose therapy appears quite promising. Novel agents active in relapsed disease include bortezomib, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, antibodies and cyclin pathway-directed agents such as flavopiridol and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. SUMMARY New insights into mantle cell lymphoma biology may lead to targeted therapy. Meanwhile, combinations of existing therapeutic approaches seem to have improved outcomes.
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20
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Targeting of sonic hedgehog-GLI signaling: a potential strategy to improve therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1450-60. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Tucker CA, Kapanen AI, Chikh G, Hoffman BG, Kyle AH, Wilson IM, Masin D, Gascoyne RD, Bally M, Klasa RJ. Silencing Bcl-2 in models of mantle cell lymphoma is associated with decreases in cyclin D1, nuclear factor-kappaB, p53, bax, and p27 levels. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:749-58. [PMID: 18375822 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms responsible for lymphoma resistance to apoptosis often involve the bcl-2 pathway. In this study, we investigated the cell signaling pathways activated in bcl-2-overexpressing human mantle cell lymphoma cell lines (JVM-2 and Z-138) that have been treated with oblimersen, a molecular gene silencing strategy that effectively suppresses bcl-2 in vitro and in vivo. Z-138 cells expressed higher levels of bcl-2 and were more sensitive to the effects of bcl-2 silencing, mediated by oblimersen or bcl-2 small interfering RNA, in vitro. Tumors derived following injection of Z-138 cells were sensitive to oblimersen as judged by decreases in tumor growth rate and decreases in cell proliferation (as measured by Ki-67). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of oblimersen-treated Z-138 tumors revealed a dose-dependent decrease in bcl-2 levels and an associated increase in the proapoptotic proteins caspase-3 and caspase-9. Silencing bcl-2 in Z-138 xenografts revealed an associated dose-dependent suppression of bax, a decrease in nuclear factor-kappaB and phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB, and transient loss of p53 levels. Coimmunoprecipitation studies suggest that the latter observation is mediated by an association between bcl-2 and phospho-mdm2. Bcl-2 silencing also led to p27 down-regulation and coimmunoprecipitation studies point to a role for bcl-2 in regulation of p27 localization/degradation. Bcl-2 silencing was also correlated with loss of cyclin D1a protein levels but not cyclin D1b levels. Coimmunoprecipitation studies indicate that bcl-2 may mediate its effects on cyclin D1a via interaction with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as a previously unreported interaction between bcl-2 and cyclin D1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Tucker
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3.
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22
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Heider U, Metzler IV, Kaiser M, Rosche M, Sterz J, Rötzer S, Rademacher J, Jakob C, Fleissner C, Kuckelkorn U, Kloetzel PM, Sezer O. Synergistic interaction of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in mantle cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2007; 80:133-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Li Y, Williams ME, Cousar JB, Pawluczkowycz AW, Lindorfer MA, Taylor RP. Rituximab-CD20 Complexes Are Shaved from Z138 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells in Intravenous and Subcutaneous SCID Mouse Models. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4263-71. [PMID: 17785867 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Infusion of standard-dose rituximab (RTX) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients promotes rapid complement activation and deposition of C3 fragments on CLL B cells. However, immediately after RTX infusions, there is substantial loss (shaving) of CD20 from circulating malignant cells. Because shaving can compromise efficacies of anticancer immunotherapeutic mAbs, we investigated whether shaving occurs in SCID mouse models. Z138 cells, a B cell line derived from human mantle cell lymphoma, were infused i.v. or s.c. The i.v. model recapitulates findings we previously reported for therapeutic RTX in CLL: i.v. infused RTX rapidly binds to Z138 cells in lungs, and binding is accompanied by deposition of C3 fragments. However, within 1 h targeted cells lose bound RTX and CD20, and these shaved cells are still demonstrable 40 h after RTX infusion. Z138 cells grow in tumors at s.c. injection sites, and infusion of large amounts of RTX (0.50 mg on each of 4 days) leads to considerable loss of CD20 from these cells. Human i.v. Ig blocked shaving, suggesting that FcgammaRI on cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system promote shaving. Examination of frozen tumor sections from treated mice by immunofluorescence revealed large areas of B cells devoid of CD20, with CD20 intact in adjacent areas; it is likely that RTX had opsonized Z138 cells closest to capillaries, and these cells were shaved by monocyte/macrophages. The shaving reaction occurs in neoplastic B cells in tissue and in peripheral blood, and strategies to enhance therapeutic targeting and block shaving are under development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Rituximab
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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24
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Chitambar CR, Purpi DP, Woodliff J, Yang M, Wereley JP. Development of Gallium Compounds for Treatment of Lymphoma: Gallium Maltolate, a Novel Hydroxypyrone Gallium Compound, Induces Apoptosis and Circumvents Lymphoma Cell Resistance to Gallium Nitrate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:1228-36. [PMID: 17600139 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown gallium nitrate to have significant antitumor activity against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and bladder cancer, thus indicating that gallium-based drugs have potential for further development as antineoplastic agents. In this study, we compared the cytotoxicity of gallium maltolate, a novel gallium compound, with gallium nitrate in lymphoma cell lines, including p53 variant and unique gallium nitrate-resistant cells. We found that gallium maltolate inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway at lower concentrations and more rapidly than gallium nitrate. Gallium maltolate produced an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) within 2 h of incubation with cells; this effect could be blocked by mitoquinone, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. The role of the transferrin receptor (TfR) in gallium maltolate's action was examined using monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 42/6 to block TfR function. However, although MoAb 42/6 reduced gallium maltolate-induced caspase-3 activity, it had only a minor effect on cell growth inhibition. Importantly, gallium maltolate induced apoptosis in cells resistant to gallium nitrate, and, unlike gallium nitrate, its cytotoxicity was not affected by cellular p53 status. Cellular gallium uptake was greater with gallium maltolate than with gallium nitrate. We conclude that gallium maltolate inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis more efficiently than gallium nitrate. Gallium maltolate is incorporated into lymphoma cells to a greater extent than gallium nitrate via both TfR-independent and -dependent pathways; it has significant activity against gallium nitrate-resistant cells and acts independently of p53. Further studies to evaluate its antineoplastic activity in vivo are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Chitambar
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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25
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Yang M, Kroft SH, Chitambar CR. Gene expression analysis of gallium-resistant and gallium-sensitive lymphoma cells reveals a role for metal-responsive transcription factor-1, metallothionein-2A, and zinc transporter-1 in modulating the antineoplastic activity of gallium nitrate. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:633-43. [PMID: 17308060 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown gallium nitrate to be an active agent in the treatment of lymphoma. Whereas gallium is known to target cellular iron homeostasis, the basis for lymphoma cell resistance to gallium is not known. Understanding mechanisms of resistance may suggest strategies to enhance the clinical efficacy of gallium. In the present study, we used a focused DNA microarray to compare the expression of genes related to metal metabolism in gallium-resistant and gallium-sensitive lymphoma cell lines developed by us. Gallium-resistant cells were found to display a marked increase in gene expression for metallothionein-2A and the zinc transporter ZnT-1. Cells exposed to gallium nitrate displayed an increase in the binding of metal-responsive transcription factor-1 to metal response element sequences involved in the transcriptional regulation of metallothionein and ZnT-1 genes. Gallium nitrate induced metallothionein-2A and ZnT-1 expression in cells. A role for metallothionein in modulating the antineoplastic activity of gallium was confirmed by showing that the induction of metallothionein expression by zinc provided partial protection against the cytotoxicity of gallium and by showing that the level of endogenous metallothionein in lymphoma cell lines correlated with their sensitivity to gallium nitrate. Immunohistochemical staining of lymphomatous tissues revealed metallothionein protein to be variably expressed in different lymphomas. Our studies show for the first time that gallium acts on pathways related to zinc metabolism and that metal-responsive transcription factor-1 activity and metallothionein expression contribute to the development of gallium drug resistance. Furthermore, the endogenous level of metallothionein in lymphoma may be an important determinant of clinical response to gallium nitrate.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Northern
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- DNA, Complementary
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gallium/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcription Factor MTF-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Yang
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Chitambar CR, Wereley JP, Matsuyama S. Gallium-induced cell death in lymphoma: role of transferrin receptor cycling, involvement of Bax and the mitochondria, and effects of proteasome inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:2834-43. [PMID: 17121930 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gallium nitrate is a metallodrug with clinical efficacy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Its mechanisms of antineoplastic action are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the roles of transferrin receptor (TfR) targeting and apoptotic pathways in gallium-induced cell death. Although DoHH2 lymphoma cells displayed a 3-fold lower number of TfRs than CCRF-CEM lymphoma cells, they were 3- to 4-fold more sensitive to gallium nitrate. Despite a lower TfR expression, DoHH2 cells had greater TfR cycling and iron and gallium uptake than CCRF-CEM cells. In other lymphoma cell lines, TfR levels per se did not correlate with gallium sensitivity. Cells incubated with gallium nitrate showed morphologic changes of apoptosis, which were decreased by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and by a Bax-inhibitory peptide. Cells exposed to gallium nitrate released cytochrome c from mitochondria and displayed a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 activity. An increase in active Bax levels without accompanying changes in Bcl-2 or Bcl-X(L) was seen in cells incubated with gallium nitrate. The endogenous expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was greater in DoHH2 cells than in CCRF-CEM cells, suggesting that endogenous Bcl-2 levels do not correlate with cell sensitivity to gallium nitrate. Gallium-induced apoptosis was enhanced by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Our results suggest that TfR function rather than TfR number is important in gallium targeting to cells and that apoptosis is triggered by gallium through the mitochondrial pathway by activating proapoptotic Bax. Our studies also suggest that the antineoplastic activity of combination gallium nitrate and bortezomib warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Chitambar
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
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