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Ma H, Yang Y, Nie T, Yan R, Si Y, Wei J, Li M, Liu H, Ye W, Zhang H, Cheng L, Zhang L, Lv X, Luo L, Xu Z, Zhang X, Lei Y, Zhang F. Disparate macrophage responses are linked to infection outcome of Hantan virus in humans or rodents. Nat Commun 2024; 15:438. [PMID: 38200007 PMCID: PMC10781751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is asymptomatically carried by rodents, yet causes lethal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, the underlying mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that differential macrophage responses may determine disparate infection outcomes. In mice, late-phase inactivation of inflammatory macrophage prevents cytokine storm syndrome that usually occurs in HTNV-infected patients. This is attained by elaborate crosstalk between Notch and NF-κB pathways. Mechanistically, Notch receptors activated by HTNV enhance NF-κB signaling by recruiting IKKβ and p65, promoting inflammatory macrophage polarization in both species. However, in mice rather than humans, Notch-mediated inflammation is timely restrained by a series of murine-specific long noncoding RNAs transcribed by the Notch pathway in a negative feedback manner. Among them, the lnc-ip65 detaches p65 from the Notch receptor and inhibits p65 phosphorylation, rewiring macrophages from the pro-inflammation to the pro-resolution phenotype. Genetic ablation of lnc-ip65 leads to destructive HTNV infection in mice. Thus, our findings reveal an immune-braking function of murine noncoding RNAs, offering a special therapeutic strategy for HTNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ma
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Tiejian Nie
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yue Si
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Limin Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Air Force Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510602, China
| | - Zhikai Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Naef P, Radpour R, Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Bodmer N, Baerlocher GM, Doehner H, Doehner K, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. IL-33-ST2 signaling promotes stemness in subtypes of myeloid leukemia cells through the Wnt and Notch pathways. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadd7705. [PMID: 37643244 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell stemness is characterized by quiescence, pluripotency, and long-term self-renewal capacity. Therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the primary cause of relapse in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia (CML and AML). However, the same signaling pathways frequently support stemness in both LSCs and normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), making LSCs difficult to therapeutically target. In cell lines and patient samples, we found that interleukin-33 (IL-33) signaling promoted stemness only in leukemia cells in a subtype-specific manner. The IL-33 receptor ST2 was abundant on the surfaces of CD34+ BCR/ABL1 CML and CD34+ AML cells harboring AML1/ETO and DEK/NUP214 translocations or deletion of chromosome 9q [del(9q)]. The cell surface abundance of ST2, which was lower or absent on other leukemia subtypes and HSCs, correlated with stemness, activated Wnt signaling, and repressed Notch signaling. IL-33-ST2 signaling promoted the maintenance and expansion of AML1/ETO-, DEK/NUP214-, and BCR/ABL1-positive LSCs in culture and in mice by activating Wnt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling. Wnt signaling and its inhibition of the Notch pathway up-regulated the expression of the gene encoding ST2, thus forming a cell-autonomous loop. IL-33-ST2 signaling promoted the resistance of CML cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib and of AML cells to standard chemotherapy. Thus, inhibiting IL-33-ST2 signaling may target LSCs to overcome resistance to chemotherapy or TKIs in these subtypes of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Naef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Carla A Jaeger-Ruckstuhl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Nils Bodmer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Baerlocher
- Laboratory for Hematopoiesis and Molecular Genetics, Experimental Hematology, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Konstanze Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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3
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Singh V, Singh R, Mahdi AA, Tripathi AK. The bioengineered HALOA complex induces anoikis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells by targeting the BCR-ABL/Notch/Ikaros/Redox/Inflammation axis. J Med Life 2022; 15:606-616. [PMID: 35815090 PMCID: PMC9262277 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast crisis (BC) is an outcome that arises during the treatment process of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is possibly attained by the dysregulation of the Notch and Ikaros signaling pathways, BCR-ABL translocation, redox, and inflammatory factors. This study demonstrated that biotherapeutic agents target aberrant molecular axis in CML-BC cells. The HALOA complex was synthesized by simple mixing of apo α-lactalbumin with oleic acid, which manages to inhibit BCR-ABL (b3a2 in K562 cells) translocation. It elevates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and protein carbonyl, which induces DNA fragmentation in K562 cells but not in NIH cells. The complex manages to reduce the toxicity surrounding apoptotic cells by enhancing the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the total antioxidant level. The HALOA complex increases leptin to maintain normoxic conditions, ultimately preventing angiogenesis. This complex downregulates the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 and elevates the expression levels of Notch 4, Ikaros, and integrin alpha-D/CD-11d (tumor-suppressive), which conjointly prevents inflammation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CML cells. Meanwhile, the complex downregulates Notch 1 and 2 (oncogenic), consequently inducing anoikis in CML cells. Overall, the HALOA complex shows credibility by targeting the combined molecular factors responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and will also help to overcome MDR conditions in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Corresponding Author: Ranjana Singh,Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Madonna R, Pieragostino D, Cufaro MC, Del Boccio P, Pucci A, Mattii L, Doria V, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Zucchi R, Mercuro G, De Caterina R. Sex-related differential susceptibility to ponatinib cardiotoxicity and differential modulation of the Notch1 signalling pathway in a murine model. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1380-1391. [PMID: 35122387 PMCID: PMC8899159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponatinib (PON), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in chronic myeloid leukaemia, has proven cardiovascular toxicity. We assessed mechanisms of sex‐related PON‐induced cardiotoxicity and identified rescue strategies in a murine model. PON+scrambled siRNA‐treated male mice had a higher number of TUNEL‐positive cells (%TdT+6.12 ± 0.17), higher percentage of SA‐β‐gal‐positive senescent cardiac area (%SA‐β‐gal 1.41 ± 0.59) and a lower reactivity degree (RD) for the survival marker Bmi1 [Abs (OD) 5000 ± 703] compared to female (%TdT+3.75 ± 0.35; %SA‐β‐gal 0.77 ± 0.02; Bmi1 [Abs (OD) 8567 ± 2173]. Proteomics analysis of cardiac tissue showed downstream activation of cell death in PON+siRNA scrambled compared to vehicle or PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated male mice. Upstream analysis showed beta‐oestradiol activation, and downstream analysis showed activation of cell survival and inhibition of cell death in PON+scrambled siRNA compared to vehicle or PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated female mice. PON+scrambled siRNA‐treated mice also had a downregulation of cardiac actin—more marked in males—and vessel density—more marked in females. Female hearts showed greater cardiac fibrosis than their male counterparts at baseline, with no significant change after PON treatment. PON+siRNA‐scrambled mice had less fibrosis than vehicle or PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated mice. The left ventricular systolic dysfunction showed by PON+scrambled siRNA‐treated mice (male %EF 28 ± 9; female %EF 36 ± 7) was reversed in both PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated male (%EF 53 ± 9) and female mice (%EF 52 ± 8). We report sex‐related differential susceptibility and Notch1 modulation in PON‐induced cardiotoxicity. This can help to identify biomarkers and potential mechanisms underlying sex‐related differences in PON‐induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Department of Pharmacy, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Pucci
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Doria
- Institute of Cardiology, "G. D'Annunzio, University of Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione VillaSerena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
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5
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Sasaki K, Fujiwara T, Ochi T, Ono K, Kato H, Onodera K, Ichikawa S, Fukuhara N, Onishi Y, Yokoyama H, Miyata T, Harigae H. TM5614, an Inhibitor of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Exerts an Antitumor Effect on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 257:211-224. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School
| | - Tetsuro Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School
| | - Koya Ono
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School
| | - Koichi Onodera
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School
| | | | | | - Yasushi Onishi
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School
| | | | - Toshio Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine
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6
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Takam Kamga P, Bazzoni R, Dal Collo G, Cassaro A, Tanasi I, Russignan A, Tecchio C, Krampera M. The Role of Notch and Wnt Signaling in MSC Communication in Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:599276. [PMID: 33490067 PMCID: PMC7820188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt signaling are highly conserved intercellular communication pathways involved in developmental processes, such as hematopoiesis. Even though data from literature support a role for these two pathways in both physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia, there are still many controversies concerning the nature of their contribution. Early studies, strengthened by findings from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), have focused their investigation on the mutations in genes encoding for components of the pathways, with limited results except for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in because in other leukemia the two pathways could be hyper-expressed without genetic abnormalities. As normal and malignant hematopoiesis require close and complex interactions between hematopoietic cells and specialized bone marrow (BM) niche cells, recent studies have focused on the role of Notch and Wnt signaling in the context of normal crosstalk between hematopoietic/leukemia cells and stromal components. Amongst the latter, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role as multipotent non-hematopoietic cells capable of giving rise to most of the BM niche stromal cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteocytes. Indeed, MSCs express and secrete a broad pattern of bioactive molecules, including Notch and Wnt molecules, that support all the phases of the hematopoiesis, including self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we provide an overview on recent advances on the contribution of MSC-derived Notch and Wnt signaling to hematopoiesis and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Dal Collo
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Russignan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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[Effect of endothelial cell-targeted soluble Notch ligand hD1R protein on the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 39:845-850. [PMID: 30369206 PMCID: PMC7348280 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨内皮细胞靶向的可溶性Notch配体hD1R蛋白对急性髓系白血病(AML)细胞增殖的影响。 方法 以24例初诊AML患者为研究对象(AML组),以9例白细胞或血小板计数略低,但骨髓象未见异常者为对照(对照组),采用实时定量PCR法检测其骨髓CD34+细胞Notch1、Notch2、Notch3、Notch4、Hes1 mRNA水平;诱导、表达及纯化内皮细胞靶向的可溶性hD1R融合蛋白。以人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)作为支持细胞,联合应用重组人干细胞因子(SCF)、TPO、Flt-3配体(FL)、IL-6、IL-3五种人源性生长因子(5GF)及hD1R蛋白为共培养条件,分别将AML组和对照组的CD34+细胞进行体外培养,分析在hD1R组、PBS组(PBS代替hD1R)、5GF组、γ-分泌酶抑制剂(GSI)组(hD1R+GSI)4种不同培养条件下CD34+细胞增殖、凋亡情况。并用实时定量PCR法检测培养后的AML组和对照组细胞内Hes1、Bcl-2 mRNA表达。 结果 ①与对照组相比,AML组细胞Notch1、Hes1 mRNA水平明显下降,Notch4 mRNA水平明显升高(P值均<0.05)。②在不同体外培养条件下,hD1R组、PBS组AML细胞总数分别为(0.74±0.13)×105、(2.16±0.21)×105,差异有统计学意义(t=5.70,P<0.01)。③hD1R组培养条件下,AML组、对照组细胞凋亡率分别为(18.48±2.51)%、(3.19±0.58)%,差异有统计学意义(t=5.94,P<0.01)。AML组不同培养条件下细胞凋亡率比较,hD1R组、5GF组较PBS组明显升高(P值均<0.05),GSI组较hD1R组明显降低(P<0.05)。④hD1R蛋白明显上调AML细胞Hes1表达(P<0.01),下调抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达(P<0.05)。 结论 hD1R蛋白可有效激活AML细胞内Notch信号,下调Bcl-2基因,抑制AML细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡。
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8
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Gurska LM, Ames K, Gritsman K. Signaling Pathways in Leukemic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:1-39. [PMID: 31338813 PMCID: PMC7249489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) utilize many of the same signaling pathways for their maintenance and survival. In this review, we will focus on several signaling pathways whose roles have been extensively studied in both HSCs and LSCs. Our main focus will be on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and several of its regulators and downstream effectors. We will also discuss several other signaling pathways of particular importance in LSCs, including the WNT/β-catenin pathway, the NOTCH pathway, and the TGFβ pathway. For each of these pathways, we will emphasize differences in how these pathways operate in LSCs, compared to their function in HSCs, to highlight opportunities for the specific therapeutic targeting of LSCs. We will also highlight areas of crosstalk between multiple signaling pathways that may affect LSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Gurska
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Ames
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kira Gritsman
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, New York, USA.
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9
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Gonzalez D, Luyten A, Bartholdy B, Zhou Q, Kardosova M, Ebralidze A, Swanson KD, Radomska HS, Zhang P, Kobayashi SS, Welner RS, Levantini E, Steidl U, Chong G, Collombet S, Choi MH, Friedman AD, Scott LM, Alberich-Jorda M, Tenen DG. ZNF143 protein is an important regulator of the myeloid transcription factor C/EBPα. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18924-18936. [PMID: 28900037 PMCID: PMC5704476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPα is essential for myeloid differentiation and is frequently dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia. Although studied extensively, the precise regulation of its gene by upstream factors has remained largely elusive. Here, we investigated its transcriptional activation during myeloid differentiation. We identified an evolutionarily conserved octameric sequence, CCCAGCAG, ∼100 bases upstream of the CEBPA transcription start site, and demonstrated through mutational analysis that this sequence is crucial for C/EBPα expression. This sequence is present in the genes encoding C/EBPα in humans, rodents, chickens, and frogs and is also present in the promoters of other C/EBP family members. We identified that ZNF143, the human homolog of the Xenopus transcriptional activator STAF, specifically binds to this 8-bp sequence to activate C/EBPα expression in myeloid cells through a mechanism that is distinct from that observed in liver cells and adipocytes. Altogether, our data suggest that ZNF143 plays an important role in the expression of C/EBPα in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Annouck Luyten
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Boris Bartholdy
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Qiling Zhou
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Miroslava Kardosova
- the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
- the Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Alex Ebralidze
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kenneth D Swanson
- the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hanna S Radomska
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and
| | - Pu Zhang
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Robert S Welner
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Hematology/Oncology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Elena Levantini
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
| | - Gilbert Chong
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Samuel Collombet
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Min Hee Choi
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | | | - Linda M Scott
- the The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic,
- the Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore,
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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10
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Liu T, Zhang Z, Yu C, Zeng C, Xu X, Wu G, Huang Z, Li W. Tetrandrine antagonizes acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia growth by forcing autophagy-mediated differentiation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4308-4328. [PMID: 28901537 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The poor prognosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) means there is a need to develop novel therapeutic methods to treat this condition. It was recently shown that inducing megakaryoblasts to undergo terminal differentiation is effective as a treatment for AMKL. This encouraged us to identify a compound that induces megakaryocyte differentiation, which could then act as a potent anti-leukaemia agent. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of tetrandrine on the expression of CD41 and cell morphology were investigated in AMKL cells. We used CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system to knock out ATG7 and verify the role of autophagy in tetrandrine-induced megakaryocyte differentiation. shNotch1 and CA-Akt were transfected into K562 cells to examine the downstream pathways of ROS signalling and the mechanistic basis of the tetrandrine-induced megakaryocyte differentiation. The anti-leukaemia effects of tetrandrine were analysed both in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS A low dose of tetrandrine induced cell cycle arrest and megakaryocyte differentiation in AMKL cells via activation of autophagy. Molecularly, we demonstrated that this effect is mediated by activation of Notch1 and Akt and subsequent accumulation of ROS. In contrast, in normal mouse fetal liver cells, although tetrandrine induced autophagy, it did not affect cell proliferation or promote megakaryocyte differentiation, suggesting a specific effect of tetrandrine in malignant megakaryoblasts. Finally, tetrandrine also showed in vivo efficacy in an AMKL xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Modulating autophagy-mediated differentiation may be a novel strategy for treating AMKL, and tetrandrine has the potential to be developed as a differentiation-inducing agent for AMKL chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjie Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guixian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Huang F, Zhao JL, Wang L, Gao CC, Liang SQ, An DJ, Bai J, Chen Y, Han H, Qin HY. miR-148a-3p Mediates Notch Signaling to Promote the Differentiation and M1 Activation of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1327. [PMID: 29085372 PMCID: PMC5650608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays critical roles in the differentiation and polarized activation of macrophages; however, the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying Notch activity in macrophages remain elusive. Our previous study has identified a group of microRNAs that mediate Notch signaling to regulate macrophage activation and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we demonstrated that miR-148a-3p functions as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling to promote the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Meanwhile, miR-148a-3p promoted M1 and inhibited M2 polarization of macrophages upon Notch activation. Macrophages overexpressing miR-148a-3p exhibited enhanced ability to engulf and kill bacteria, which was mediated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further studies using reporter assay and Western blotting identified Pten as a direct target gene of miR-148a-3p in macrophages. Macrophages overexpressing miR-148a-3p increased their ROS production through the PTEN/AKT pathway, likely to defend against bacterial invasion. Moreover, miR-148a-3p also enhanced M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory responses through PTEN/AKT-mediated upregulation of NF-κB signaling. In summary, our data establish a novel molecular mechanism by which Notch signaling promotes monocyte differentiation and M1 macrophage activation through miR-148a-3p, and suggest that miR-148a-3p-modified monocytes or macrophages are potential new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Jie An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Liu T, Men Q, Wu G, Yu C, Huang Z, Liu X, Li W. Tetrandrine induces autophagy and differentiation by activating ROS and Notch1 signaling in leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7992-8006. [PMID: 25797266 PMCID: PMC4480730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a differentiating agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the therapeutic efficacy of ATRA has limitations. Tetrandrine is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb extract with antitumor effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetrandrine on human PML-RARα-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Tetrandrine inhibited tumors in vivo. It induced autophagy and differentiation by triggering ROS generation and activating Notch1 signaling. Tetrandrine induced autophagy and differentiation in M5 type patient primary leukemia cells. The in vivo results indicated that low concentrations of tetrandrine inhibited leukemia cells proliferation and induced autophagy and then facilitated their differentiation, by activating ROS and Notch1 signaling. We suggest that tetrandrine is a potential agent for the treatment of APL by inducing differentiation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxu Men
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guixian Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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13
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Distinct Dasatinib-Induced Mechanisms of Apoptotic Response and Exosome Release in Imatinib-Resistant Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:531. [PMID: 27070592 PMCID: PMC4848987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dasatinib is effective in most imatinib mesylate (IMT)-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the underlying mechanism of its effectiveness in eliminating imatinib-resistant cells is only partially understood. This study investigated the effects of dasatinib on signaling mechanisms driving-resistance in imatinib-resistant CML cell line K562 (K562RIMT). Compared with K562 control cells, exsomal release, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagic activity were increased significantly in K562RIMT cells and mTOR-independent beclin-1/Vps34 signaling was shown to be involved in exosomal release in these cells. We found that Notch1 activation-mediated reduction of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was responsible for the increased Akt/mTOR activities in K562RIMT cells and treatment with Notch1 γ-secretase inhibitor prevented activation of Akt/mTOR. In addition, suppression of mTOR activity by rapamycin decreased the level of activity of p70S6K, induced upregulation of p53 and caspase 3, and led to increase of apoptosis in K562RIMT cells. Inhibition of autophagy by spautin-1 or beclin-1 knockdown decreased exosomal release, but did not affect apoptosis in K562RIMT cells. In summary, in K562RIMT cells dasatinib promoted apoptosis through downregulation of Akt/mTOR activities, while preventing exosomal release and inhibiting autophagy by downregulating expression of beclin-1 and Vps34. Our findings reveal distinct dasatinib-induced mechanisms of apoptotic response and exosomal release in imatinib-resistant CML cells.
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14
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Zhao JL, Huang F, He F, Gao CC, Liang SQ, Ma PF, Dong GY, Han H, Qin HY. Forced Activation of Notch in Macrophages Represses Tumor Growth by Upregulating miR-125a and Disabling Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1403-15. [PMID: 26759236 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) contribute greatly to hallmarks of cancer. Notch blockade was shown to arrest TAM differentiation, but the precise role and underlying mechanisms require elucidation. In this study, we employed a transgenic mouse model in which the Notch1 intracellular domain (NIC) is activated conditionally to define the effects of active Notch1 signaling in macrophages. NIC overexpression had no effect on TAM differentiation, but it abrogated TAM function, leading to repressed growth of transplanted tumors. Macrophage miRNA profiling identified a novel downstream mediator of Notch signaling, miR-125a, which was upregulated through an RBP-J-binding site at the first intronic enhancer of the host gene Spaca6A. miR-125a functioned downstream of Notch signaling to reciprocally influence polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages by regulating factor inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1α and IRF4, respectively. Notably, macrophages transfected with miR-125a mimetics increased phagocytic activity and repressed tumor growth by remodeling the immune microenvironment. We also identified a positive feedback loop for miR-125a expression mediated by RYBP and YY1. Taken together, our results showed that Notch signaling not only supported the differentiation of TAM but also antagonized their protumorigenic function through miR-125a. Targeting this miRNA may reprogram macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and restore their antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Department of Hepatic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Yedukondalu N, Gupta G, R.Nadkarni J, Gupta VK, Syed SH, Ali A. Divergent synthesis of prenylated carbazole alkaloid (+)-S-mahanimbine led to the discovery of a notch activator. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mahanimbine a carbazole alkaloid transformed into (2–9) by POCl3 + DMF, further it screened against Notch pathway activation in which the compound 8 exhibited an EC50 value of 0.85 μM. It also inhibited K562 HL cell proliferation and colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalli Yedukondalu
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
| | - Gourav Gupta
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Pharmacology Division
| | - Janhavi R.Nadkarni
- Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics
- University of Jammu
- Jammu Tawi 180 006
- India
| | - Sajad Hussain Syed
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Pharmacology Division
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
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16
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Abstract
Both acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia are thought to arise from a subpopulation of primitive cells, termed leukemic stem cells that share properties with somatic stem cells. Leukemic stem cells are capable of continued self-renewal, and are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and are considered to be responsible for disease relapse. In recent years, improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myeloid leukemia biology has led to the development of novel and targeted therapies. This review focuses on clinically relevant patent applications and their relevance within the known literature in two areas of prevailing therapeutic interest, namely monoclonal antibody therapy and small molecule inhibitors in disease-relevant signaling pathways.
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17
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Aleem E, Arceci RJ. Targeting cell cycle regulators in hematologic malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:16. [PMID: 25914884 PMCID: PMC4390903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies represent the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in economically developed countries. In hematologic malignancies normal hematopoiesis is interrupted by uncontrolled growth of a genetically altered stem or progenitor cell (HSPC) that maintains its ability of self-renewal. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) not only regulate the mammalian cell cycle, but also influence other vital cellular processes, such as stem cell renewal, differentiation, transcription, epigenetic regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Chromosomal translocations, amplification, overexpression and altered CDK activities have been described in different types of human cancer, which have made them attractive targets for pharmacological inhibition. Mouse models deficient for one or more CDKs have significantly contributed to our current understanding of the physiological functions of CDKs, as well as their roles in human cancer. The present review focuses on selected cell cycle kinases with recent emerging key functions in hematopoiesis and in hematopoietic malignancies, such as CDK6 and its role in MLL-rearranged leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, CDK1 and its regulator WEE-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and cyclin C/CDK8/CDK19 complexes in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. The knowledge gained from gene knockout experiments in mice of these kinases is also summarized. An overview of compounds targeting these kinases, which are currently in clinical development in various solid tumors and hematopoietic malignances, is presented. These include the CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors (palbociclib, LEE011, LY2835219), pan-CDK inhibitors that target CDK1 (dinaciclib, flavopiridol, AT7519, TG02, P276-00, terampeprocol and RGB 286638) as well as the WEE-1 kinase inhibitor, MK-1775. The advantage of combination therapy of cell cycle inhibitors with conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of AML, such as cytarabine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Aleem
- Department of Child Health, The Ronald A. Matricaria Institute of Molecular Medicine at Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix, AZ, USA ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert J Arceci
- Department of Child Health, The Ronald A. Matricaria Institute of Molecular Medicine at Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix, AZ, USA
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18
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Potential role of Notch signalling in CD34+ chronic myeloid leukaemia cells: cross-talk between Notch and BCR-ABL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123016. [PMID: 25849484 PMCID: PMC4388554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling is critical for haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and survival. The role of Notch signalling has been reported recently in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – a stem cell disease characterized by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activation. Therefore, we studied the relationship between BCR-ABL and Notch signalling and assessed the expression patterns of Notch and its downstream target Hes1 in CD34+ stem and progenitor cells from chronic-phase CML patients and bone marrow (BM) from normal subjects (NBM). We found significant upregulation (p<0.05) of Notch1, Notch2 and Hes1 on the most primitive CD34+Thy+ subset of CML CD34+ cells suggesting that active Notch signalling in CML primitive progenitors. In addition, Notch1 was also expressed in distinct lymphoid and myeloid progenitors within the CD34+ population of primary CML cells. To further delineate the possible role and interactions of Notch with BCR-ABL in CD34+ primary cells from chronic-phase CML, we used P-crkl detection as a surrogate assay of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity. Our data revealed that Imatinib (IM) induced BCR-ABL inhibition results in significant (p<0.05) upregulation of Notch activity, assessed by Hes1 expression. Similarly, inhibition of Notch leads to hyperactivation of BCR-ABL. This antagonistic relationship between Notch and BCR-ABL signalling was confirmed in K562 and ALL-SIL cell lines. In K562, we further validated this antagonistic relationship by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) - an effector pathway of Hes1, using valproic acid (VPA) - a HDAC inhibitor. Finally, we also confirmed the potential antagonism between Notch and BCR/ABL in In Vivo, using publically available GSE-database, by analysing gene expression profile of paired samples from chronic-phase CML patients pre- and post-Imatinib therapy. Thus, we have demonstrated an antagonistic relationship between Notch and BCR-ABL in CML. A combined inhibition of Notch and BCR-ABL may therefore provide superior clinical response over tyrosine-kinase inhibitor monotherapy by targeting both quiescent leukaemic stem cells and differentiated leukaemic cells and hence must be explored.
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19
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Basak NP, Roy A, Banerjee S. Alteration of mitochondrial proteome due to activation of Notch1 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7320-34. [PMID: 24474689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.519405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway, a known regulator of cell fate decisions, proliferation, and apoptosis, has recently been implicated in the regulation of glycolysis, which affects tumor progression. However, the impact of Notch on other metabolic pathways remains to be elucidated. To gain more insights into the Notch signaling and its role in regulation of metabolism, we studied the mitochondrial proteome in Notch1-activated K562 cells using a comparative proteomics approach. The proteomic study led to the identification of 10 unique proteins that were altered due to Notch1 activation. Eight of these proteins belonged to mitochondria-localized metabolic pathways like oxidative phosphorylation, glutamine metabolism, Krebs cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Validation of some of these findings showed that constitutive activation of Notch1 deregulated glutamine metabolism and Complex 1 of the respiratory chain. Furthermore, the deregulation of glutamine metabolism involved the canonical Notch signaling and its downstream effectors. The study also reports the effect of Notch signaling on mitochondrial function and status of high energy intermediates ATP, NADH, and NADPH. Thus our study shows the effect of Notch signaling on mitochondrial proteome, which in turn affects the functioning of key metabolic pathways, thereby connecting an important signaling pathway to the regulation of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Pal Basak
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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20
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Hernandez Tejada FN, Galvez Silva JR, Zweidler-McKay PA. The challenge of targeting notch in hematologic malignancies. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:54. [PMID: 24959528 PMCID: PMC4051192 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling can play oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles depending on cell type. Hematologic malignancies encompass a wide range of transformed cells, and consequently the roles of Notch are diverse in these diseases. For example Notch is a potent T-cell oncogene, with >50% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases carry activating mutations in the Notch1 receptor. Targeting Notch signaling in T-ALL with gamma-secretase inhibitors, which prevent Notch receptor activation, has shown pre-clinical activity, and is under evaluation clinically. In contrast, Notch signaling inhibits acute myeloblastic leukemia growth and survival, and although targeting Notch signaling in AML with Notch activators appears to have pre-clinical activity, no Notch agonists are clinically available at this time. As such, despite accumulating evidence about the biology of Notch signaling in different hematologic cancers, which provide compelling clinical promise, we are only beginning to target this pathway clinically, either on or off. In this review, we will summarize the evidence for oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of Notch in a wide range of leukemias and lymphomas, and describe therapeutic opportunities for now and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge R Galvez Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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21
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Suresh S, McCallum L, Crawford LJ, Lu WH, Sharpe DJ, Irvine AE. The matricellular protein CCN3 regulates NOTCH1 signalling in chronic myeloid leukaemia. J Pathol 2013; 231:378-87. [PMID: 24308033 PMCID: PMC4314772 DOI: 10.1002/path.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated NOTCH1 has been reported in lymphoid leukaemia, although its role in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is not well established. We previously reported BCR-ABL down-regulation of a novel haematopoietic regulator, CCN3, in CML; CCN3 is a non-canonical NOTCH1 ligand. This study characterizes the NOTCH1–CCN3 signalling axis in CML. In K562 cells, BCR-ABL silencing reduced full-length NOTCH1 (NOTCH1-FL) and inhibited the cleavage of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NOTCH1-ICD), resulting in decreased expression of the NOTCH1 targets c-MYC and HES1. K562 cells stably overexpressing CCN3 (K562/CCN3) or treated with recombinant CCN3 (rCCN3) showed a significant reduction in NOTCH1 signalling (> 50% reduction in NOTCH1-ICD, p < 0.05). Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), which blocks NOTCH1 signalling, reduced K562/CCN3 colony formation but increased that of K562/control cells. GSI combined with either rCCN3 or imatinib reduced K562 colony formation with enhanced reduction of NOTCH1 signalling observed with combination treatments. We demonstrate an oncogenic role for NOTCH1 in CML and suggest that BCR-ABL disruption of NOTCH1–CCN3 signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells/drug effects
- K562 Cells/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transfection
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Liu N, Zhang J, Ji C. The emerging roles of Notch signaling in leukemia and stem cells. Biomark Res 2013; 1:23. [PMID: 24252593 PMCID: PMC4177577 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates normal development in a context- and dose-dependent manner. Dysregulation of Notch signaling has been suggested to be key events in a variety of hematological malignancies. Notch1 signaling appears to be the central oncogenic trigger in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), in which the majority of human malignancies have acquired mutations that lead to constitutive activation of Notch1 signaling. However, emerging evidence unexpectedly demonstrates that Notch signaling can function as a potent tumor suppressor in other forms of leukemia. This minireview will summarize recent advances related to the roles of activated Notch signaling in human lymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, stem cells and stromal microenvironment, and we will discuss the perspectives of Notch signaling as a potential therapeutic target as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P, R, China.
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YANG ZESONG, YANG CHUNXIU, ZHANG SHUNJUN, LI YING, CHEN JIANBIN. Notch2 inhibits proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1390-1394. [PMID: 23599800 PMCID: PMC3629273 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous Notch2 overexpression on cell proliferation and possible mechanisms in the human CML cell line K562. When exogenous intracellular fragment of Notch2 (ICN2) was transfected into K562 cells with Lipofectamine™ 2000, the expression of Notch2 mRNA and protein were upregulated. Cell numbers decreased and the proliferation was inhibited significantly after transfection with ICN2. G1 phase cells increased and S phase cells decreased 48 h after transfection. Finally, the expression of Numb, Bcl-2, NF-κB and TGF-β1 was detected. It was found that the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA was increased, while Bcl-2 was downregulated, with Numb expression unchanged. Our study indicates that the Notch pathway is activated in K562 cells after ICN2 transfection. It inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells, likely by upregulating the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZESONG YANG
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - CHUNXIU YANG
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi
| | - SHUNJUN ZHANG
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - YING LI
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatism, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing,
P.R. China
| | - JIANBIN CHEN
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
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Kannan S, Sutphin RM, Hall MG, Golfman LS, Fang W, Nolo RM, Akers LJ, Hammitt RA, McMurray JS, Kornblau SM, Melnick AM, Figueroa ME, Zweidler-McKay PA. Notch activation inhibits AML growth and survival: a potential therapeutic approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:321-37. [PMID: 23359069 PMCID: PMC3570106 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activating Notch with a Notch agonist peptide induces apoptosis in AML patient samples. Although aberrant Notch activation contributes to leukemogenesis in T cells, its role in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Here, we report that human AML samples have robust expression of Notch receptors; however, Notch receptor activation and expression of downstream Notch targets are remarkably low, suggesting that Notch is present but not constitutively activated in human AML. The functional role of these Notch receptors in AML is not known. Induced activation through any of the Notch receptors (Notch1–4), or through the Notch target Hairy/Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1), consistently leads to AML growth arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis, which are associated with B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) loss and enhanced p53/p21 expression. These effects were dependent on the HES1 repressor domain and were rescued through reexpression of BCL2. Importantly, activated Notch1, Notch2, and HES1 all led to inhibited AML growth in vivo, and Notch inhibition via dnMAML enhanced proliferation in vivo, thus revealing the physiological inhibition of AML growth in vivo in response to Notch signaling. As a novel therapeutic approach, we used a Notch agonist peptide that led to significant apoptosis in AML patient samples. In conclusion, we report consistent Notch-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in human AML, and propose the development of Notch agonists as a potential therapeutic approach in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaranarayanan Kannan
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Signaling pathways in chronic myeloid leukemia and leukemic stem cell maintenance: key role of stromal microenvironment. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1883-8. [PMID: 22659137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells in leukemic stem cells. From the introduction of the anti-cancer drug imatinib, the therapy of CML has been positively transformed. However, following treatment most patients display a residual CML disease attributed to the presence of quiescent leukemic stem cells intrinsically resistant to imatinib. Considering that the later cancer cells lose their chemoresistance in vitro, it appears that the stromal microenvironment plays a crucial role in CML-affected cell chemoresistance. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the recent findings on signaling pathways through which stromal cells sustain CML leukemogenesis, as well as leukemic stem cell maintenance and chemoresistance.
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Su W, Meng F, Huang L, Zheng M, Liu W, Sun H. Sonic hedgehog maintains survival and growth of chronic myeloid leukemia progenitor cells through β-catenin signaling. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:418-27. [PMID: 22240607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays an important role in many human cancers and cancer stem cells. Here we investigate the activity and functional role of Shh signaling in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and leukemia progenitor cells. Differential activation of Shh signaling was found in about 50% CML chronic phase samples, about 70% of CML accelerated phase samples, and >80% CML blast crisis phase samples. Deregulated activation of Shh signaling was observed in CD34(+) and c-kit(+) leukemia progenitor cells. Stimulation of Shh signaling with exogenous Shh peptide induced expansion of CD34(+) and c-kit(+) progenitor cells (p < 0.05), inversely, blocking the pathway with signal inhibitor induced cell apoptosis (p < 0.05). Low level of Shh protein was observed in CML bone marrow stromal cells, and CD34(+) progenitor cells are less sensitive to exogenous Shh peptide and more sensitive to cyclopamine than CD34(-) cells (p < 0.05), implying cell-autonomous activation of Shh signaling play a predominant role in progenitor cells. Coactivation of Shh and β-catenin signaling was found in CD34(+) and c-kit(+) progenitor cells. Administration of Shh-neutralizing antibody or Wnt3a-neutralizing antibody in c-kit(+) progenitor cells induced cell apoptosis; however, Wnt3a peptide could salvage cell apoptosis, while Shh peptide failed to revert anti-Wnt3a-induced cell apoptosis. C-MYC, GLI1, BCL-2, and P21 were also found to be downstream targets of Shh signaling, mediating apoptosis or G(2)/M cell cycle arrest of progenitor cells. Our results demonstrate that autoactivated Shh signaling provides survival and proliferative cues in CML progenitor cells through downstream β-catenin signaling, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Su
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD) positively regulates ERK and Akt activation and TNF-α and NO production in macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5643-50. [PMID: 22203480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage activation is modulated by both environmental cues and endogenous programs. In the present study, we investigated the role of a PAQR family protein, monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD), in macrophage activation and unveiled its underlying molecular mechanism. Our results showed that while MMD expression could be detected in all tissues examined, its expression level is significantly up-regulated upon monocyte differentiation. Within cells, EGFP-MMD fusion protein could be co-localized to endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, but not lysosomes and cytoplasm. MMD expression is up-regulated in macrophages after LPS stimulation, and this might be modulated by RBP-J, the critical transcription factor of Notch signaling. Overexpression of MMD in macrophages increased the production of TNF-α and NO upon LPS stimulation. We found that MMD overexpression enhanced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in macrophages after LPS stimulation. Blocking Erk or Akt by pharmacological agent reduced TNF-α or NO production in MMD-overexpressing macrophages, respectively. These results suggested that MMD modulates TNF-α and NO production in macrophages, and this process might involves Erk or Akt.
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Warr MR, Pietras EM, Passegué E. Mechanisms controlling hematopoietic stem cell functions during normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 3:681-701. [PMID: 21412991 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process by which all mature blood cells are generated from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), is a finely tuned balancing act in which HSCs must constantly decide between different cell fates: to proliferate, to self-renew or differentiate, to stay quiescent in the bone marrow niche or migrate to the periphery, to live or die. These fates are regulated by a complex interplay between cell-extrinsic cues and cell-intrinsic regulatory pathways whose function is to maintain a homeostatic balance between HSC self-renewal and life-long replenishment of lost blood cells. Improper regulation of these competing cellular programs can transform HSCs and progenitor cells into disease-initiating leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Strikingly, many of the mechanisms required for maintenance of normal HSC fate decisions are equally critical for the aberrant functions of LSCs. Because of the inherent complexities of these molecular mechanisms, a systematic approach to understanding the regulatory networks underlying HSC self-renewal is critical for uncovering the similarities and differences between HSCs and LSCs. In this review, we focus on recent developments in elucidating the regulatory networks governing normal HSC self-renewal programs and their implications for leukemic transformation. We describe the current technical and methodological limitations in isolating and characterizing HSCs and LSCs, and the emerging approaches that may afford a better understanding of the regulation of normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Finally, we discuss how such basic mechanistic information may be of use for the design of novel therapies that will selectively reprogram and/or eliminate LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Warr
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Flamant S, Ritchie W, Guilhot J, Holst J, Bonnet ML, Chomel JC, Guilhot F, Turhan AG, Rasko JEJ. Micro-RNA response to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2010; 95:1325-33. [PMID: 20460641 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression by destabilizing targeted transcripts and inhibiting their translation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been described in many human cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia. Current first-line therapy for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia is imatinib mesylate, which typically produces a rapid hematologic response. However the effect of imatinib on miRNA expression in vivo has not been thoroughly examined. DESIGN AND METHODS Using a TaqMan Low-Density Array system, we analyzed miRNA expression in blood samples from newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patients before and within the first two weeks of imatinib therapy. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate imatinib-modulated miRNAs in sequential primary chronic myeloid leukemia samples (n=11, plus 12 additional validation patients). Bioinformatic target gene prediction analysis was performed based on changes in miRNA expression. RESULTS We observed increased expression of miR-150 and miR-146a, and reduced expression of miR-142-3p and miR-199b-5p (3-fold median change) after two weeks of imatinib therapy. A significant correlation (P<0.05) between the Sokal score and pre-treatment miR-142-3p levels was noted. Expression changes in the same miRNAs were consistently found in an additional cohort of chronic myeloid leukemia patients, as compared to healthy subjects. Peripheral blood cells from chronic phase and blast crisis patients displayed a 30-fold lower expression of miR-150 compared to normal samples, which is of particular interest since c-Myb, a known target of miR-150, was recently shown to be necessary for Bcr-Abl-mediated transformation. CONCLUSIONS We found that imatinib treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients rapidly normalizes the characteristic miRNA expression profile, suggesting that miRNAs may serve as a novel clinically useful biomarker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Flamant
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Locked Bag No 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
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Ma D, Zhu Y, Ji C, Hou M. Targeting the Notch signaling pathway in autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:553-65. [DOI: 10.1517/14728221003752750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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