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Humphries S, Bond DR, Germon ZP, Keely S, Enjeti AK, Dun MD, Lee HJ. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37705055 PMCID: PMC10500762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a deadly disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells within the bone marrow. Altered regulation of DNA methylation is an important epigenetic driver of AML, where the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment can help facilitate leukaemogenesis. Thus, interactions between epigenetic regulation and hypoxia signalling will have important implications for AML development and treatment. MAIN BODY This review summarises the importance of DNA methylation and the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment in the development, progression, and treatment of AML. Here, we focus on the role hypoxia plays on signalling and the subsequent regulation of DNA methylation. Hypoxia is likely to influence DNA methylation through altered metabolic pathways, transcriptional control of epigenetic regulators, and direct effects on the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers. DNA methylation may also prevent activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, demonstrating bidirectional crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and the hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of these interactions, suggesting that reduced cell cycling within the hypoxic bone marrow may decrease the efficacy of hypomethylating agents. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is likely to influence AML progression through complex interactions with DNA methylation, where the therapeutic efficacy of hypomethylating agents may be limited within the hypoxic bone marrow. To achieve optimal outcomes for AML patients, future studies should therefore consider co-treatments that can promote cycling of AML cells within the bone marrow or encourage their dissociation from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Humphries
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Zacary P Germon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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2
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Chu X, Zhong L, Dan W, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Lu Y, Shao X, Zhou Z, Chen S, Liu B. DNMT3A R882H mutation promotes acute leukemic cell survival by regulating glycolysis through the NRF2/NQO1 axis. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110626. [PMID: 36758683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have confirmed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with DNA methyltransferase 3A Arg882His (DNMT3A R882H) mutation show an increased proliferation capability. However, the associated mechanism is still unclear. Glycolysis is involved in regulating malignant proliferation of cancer cell. Hence, we analyzed whether the DNMT3A R882H mutation interferes with glycolysis and thereby influences AML cell proliferation. METHODS We generated AML cell line carrying a DNMT3A-R882H mutation and compared it with the wild type (DNMT3A-WT) with regard to glycolysis regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the cell line's proliferation and apoptosis by a CCK-8 assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry. The role of NRF2/NQO1 signaling in regulating glycolysis was investigated by NRF2-knockdown and Brusatol (specific inhibitor of NRF2) treatment. RESULTS DNMT3A R882H cells had a higher glucose transport capacity compared to WT cells and their viability could be reduced by glucose deprivation. Moreover, daunorubicin had a slight inhibitory effect on glycolysis while glycolysis inhibition re-sensitized mutant cells to daunorubicin. Obviously, DNMT3A R882H mutation activated the NRF2/NQO1 pathway and enhanced the glycolytic activity in mutant cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which a DNMT3A R882H mutation promotes glycolysis via activation of NRF2/NQO1 pathway. A parallel glycolysis inhibition adds to the anticancer effects of daunorubicin which might lead to a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AML patients carrying a DNMT3A R882H mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wenran Dan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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3
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Chianese U, Papulino C, Megchelenbrink W, Tambaro FP, Ciardiello F, Benedetti R, Altucci L. Epigenomic machinery regulating pediatric AML: clonal expansion mechanisms, therapies, and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:84-101. [PMID: 37003397 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional etiology mainly presenting somatic and germline abnormalities. AML incidence rises with age but can also occur during childhood. Pediatric AML (pAML) accounts for 15-20% of all pediatric leukemias and differs considerably from adult AML. Next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled the research community to "paint" the genomic and epigenomic landscape in order to identify pathology-associated mutations and other prognostic biomarkers in pAML. Although current treatments have improved the prognosis for pAML, chemoresistance, recurrence, and refractory disease remain major challenges. In particular, pAML relapse is commonly caused by leukemia stem cells that resist therapy. Marked patient-to-patient heterogeneity is likely the primary reason why the same treatment is successful for some patients but, at best, only partially effective for others. Accumulating evidence indicates that patient-specific clonal composition impinges significantly on cellular processes, such as gene regulation and metabolism. Although our understanding of metabolism in pAML is still in its infancy, greater insights into these processes and their (epigenetic) modulation may pave the way toward novel treatment options. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the function of genetic and epigenetic (mis)regulation in pAML, including metabolic features observed in the disease. Specifically, we describe how (epi)genetic machinery can affect chromatin status during hematopoiesis, leading to an altered metabolic profile, and focus on the potential value of targeting epigenetic abnormalities in precision and combination therapy for pAML. We also discuss the possibility of using alternative epidrug-based therapeutic approaches that are already in clinical practice, either alone as adjuvant treatments and/or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Wout Megchelenbrink
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Pediatric Oncology Department AORN Santobono Pausilipon, 80129, Naples Italy.
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; IEOS, Institute for Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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4
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Metafuni E, Amato V, Giammarco S, Bellesi S, Rossi M, Minnella G, Frioni F, Limongiello MA, Pagano L, Bacigalupo A, Sica S, Chiusolo P. Pre-transplant gene profiling characterization by next-generation DNA sequencing might predict relapse occurrence after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients affected by AML. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939819. [PMID: 36568206 PMCID: PMC9768016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decade, many steps forward have been made in acute myeloid leukemia prognostic stratification, adding next-generation sequencing techniques to the conventional molecular assays. This resulted in the revision of the current risk classification and the introduction of new target therapies. Aims and methods We wanted to evaluate the prognostic impact of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mutational pattern on relapse occurrence and survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. A specific next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel containing 26 genes was designed for the study. Ninety-six patients studied with NGS at diagnosis were included and retrospectively studied for post-transplant outcomes. Results Only eight patients did not show any mutations. Multivariate Cox regression revealed FLT3 (HR, 3.36; p=0.02), NRAS (HR, 4.78; p=0.01), TP53 (HR, 4.34; p=0.03), and WT1 (HR 5.97; p=0.005) mutations as predictive variables for relapse occurrence after transplantation. Other independent variables for relapse recurrence were donor age (HR, 0.97; p=0.04), the presence of an adverse cytogenetic risk at diagnosis (HR, 3.03; p=0.04), and the obtainment of complete remission of the disease before transplantation (HR, 0.23; p=0.001). Overall survival appeared to be affected only by grade 2-4 acute GvHD occurrence (HR, 2.29; p=0.05) and relapse occurrence (HR, 4.33; p=0.0001) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions The small number of patients and the retrospective design of the study might affect the resonance of our data. Although results on TP53, FLT3, and WT1 were comparable to previous reports, the interesting data on NRAS deserve attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Metafuni
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Amato
- Division of Haemato-Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giammarco
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rossi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Minnella
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Frioni
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Limongiello
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bacigalupo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sica
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Simona Sica,
| | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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5
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Al-Bulushi F, Al-Riyami R, Al-Housni Z, Al-Abri B, Al-Khabori M. Impact of mutations in epigenetic modifiers in acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:967657. [PMID: 36518313 PMCID: PMC9742486 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the prognostic significance of epigenetic mutations on the overall survival (OS) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). We searched for studies evaluating epigenetic mutations in AML (up to November 2018) in PubMed, Trip database and Cochrane library. Hazard ratio (HR) of outcomes were extracted, and random-effects model was used to pool the results. A total of 10,002 citations were retrieved from the search strategy; 42 articles were identified for the meta-analysis (ASXL1 = 7, TET2 = 8, DNMT3A = 12, IDH =15), with fair to good-quality studies. The pooled HR was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.49-2.36) for ASXL1 mutation, 1.39 (95% CI: 1.18-1.63) for TET2 mutation, 1.35 (95% CI 1.16-1.56) for DNMT3a and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.15-2.06) for IDH mutation. However, there was a substantial heterogeneity in the DNMT3a and IDH studies. In conclusion epigenetic mutations in ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3a and IDH adversely impact OS in patients with AML albeit with considerable heterogeneity and possibly publication bias. Further studies are required to address these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Al-Bulushi
- Hematopathology, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
- Hematology Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rahma Al-Riyami
- Internal Medicine, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zainab Al-Housni
- Hematology Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Bushra Al-Abri
- Hematopathology, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Murtadha Al-Khabori
- Hematology Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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6
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The methyltransferase domain of DNMT1 is an essential domain in acute myeloid leukemia independent of DNMT3A mutation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1174. [PMID: 36329185 PMCID: PMC9633652 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are a prominent feature of cancer. Methylation of DNA is mediated by the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) protein family, which regulates de novo (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and maintenance (DNMT1) methylation. Mutations in DNMT3A are observed in approximately 22% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that DNMT1 or DNMT3B could function as a synthetic lethal therapeutic strategy for DNMT3A-mutant AML. CRISPR-Cas9 tiling screens were performed to identify functional domains within DNMT1/DNMT3B that exhibited greater dependencies in DNMT3A mutant versus wild-type cell lines. Although increased sensitivity to DNMT1 mutation was observed in some DNMT3A mutant cellular models tested, the subtlety of these results prevents us from basing any conclusions on a synthetic lethal relationship between DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Our data suggests that a therapeutic window for DNMT1 methyltransferase inhibition in DNMT3A-driven AML may exist, but validation in more biologically relevant models is required.
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7
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Oñate G, Bataller A, Garrido A, Hoyos M, Arnan M, Vives S, Coll R, Tormo M, Sampol A, Escoda L, Salamero O, Garcia A, Bargay J, Aljarilla A, Nomdedeu JF, Esteve J, Sierra J, Pratcorona M. Prognostic impact of DNMT3A mutation in acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1. Blood Adv 2022; 6:882-890. [PMID: 34516636 PMCID: PMC8945292 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative prognostic impact of internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1 (AML-NPM1) is restricted to those with a higher FLT3-ITD allelic ratio (FLT3high; ≥0.5) and considered negligible in those with a wild-type (FLT3WT)/low ITD ratio (FLT3low). Because the comutation of DNMT3A (DNMT3Amut) has been suggested to negatively influence prognosis in AML-NPM1, we analyzed the impact of DNMT3Amut in FLT3-ITD subsets (absent, low, and high ratios). A total of 164 patients diagnosed with AML-NPM1 included in 2 consecutive CETLAM protocols and with DNMT3A and FLT3 status available were studied. Overall, DNMT3Amut status did not have a prognostic impact, with comparable overall survival (P = .2). Prognostic stratification established by FLT3-ITD (FLT3WT = FLT3low > FLT3high) was independent of DNMT3Amut status. Measurable residual disease (MRD) based on NPM1 quantitative polymerase chain reaction was available for 94 patients. DNMT3Amut was associated with a higher number of mutated NPM1 transcripts after induction (P = .012) and first consolidation (C1; P < .001). All DNMT3Amut patients were MRD+ after C1 (P < .001) and exhibited significant MRD persistence after C2 and C3 (MRD+ vs MRD-; P = .027 and P = .001, respectively). Finally, DNMT3Amut patients exhibited a trend toward greater risk of molecular relapse (P = .054). In conclusion, DNMT3Amut did not modify the overall prognosis exerted by FLT3-ITD in AML-NPM1 despite delayed MRD clearance, possibly because of MRD-driven preemptive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Oñate
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Garrido
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Hoyos
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arnan
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Vives
- ICO, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, José Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa Coll
- ICO, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Mar Tormo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antoni Garcia
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; and
| | - Joan Bargay
- Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alba Aljarilla
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep F. Nomdedeu
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Sierra
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pratcorona
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Shaukat F, Hart M, Burns T, Bansal P. UBA1 and DNMT3A Mutations in VEXAS Syndrome. A Case Report and Literature Review. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2021; 6:134-139. [PMID: 34480172 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
VEXAS syndrome is a recently described X-linked autoinflammatory condition associated with somatic mutation of the UBA1 gene. It often coexists with MDS which can occur due to DNMT3A mutation. These patients, predominantly males, present after the fifth decade of life with unique systemic inflammatory clinical features and have hematological abnormalities and vacuolated precursor cells on bone marrow pathology. Here we describe a unique case of VEXAS syndrome in a patient harboring DNMT3A gene mutation with coexisting UBA1 mutation with a review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Shaukat
- Department of Oncology: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Melissa Hart
- Department of Pathology. Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Timothy Burns
- Department of Hematology/Oncology. Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, USA
| | - Pankaj Bansal
- Department of Rheumatology. Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, USA
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9
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Linch DC, Hills RK, Gilkes A, Burnett AK, Russell N, Gale RE. Additional impact of mutational genotype on prognostic determination in resistant and relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. Leuk Res 2021; 108:106553. [PMID: 33706968 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Outcome after failure of initial therapy in younger adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is highly variable. Cytogenetics, length of first remission (CR1) before relapse, and allogeneic transplantation are known prognostic factors, but the contribution of leukaemic genotype is less clear, particularly in resistant disease. Of 5,651 younger adult patients entered into UK MRC/NCRI AML trials between 1988 and 2014 with available FLT3ITD and NPM1 genotype, 326 (6%) had resistant disease and 2338 (41 %) relapsed after achieving CR1. Overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in relapsed compared to resistant disease (p = 0·03). Independent favourable prognostic factors for OS in resistant disease included lower blast cell percentage after two courses of induction therapy (p = 0.0006) and NPM1 mutant (NPM1MUT) (p = 0.04). In relapsed disease, longer CR1 was a favourable independent factor for attainment of CR2 (p < 0.0001) and OS from time of relapse (p < 0.0001), but CR2 rate and OS from relapse were significantly worse in those who had received an allograft in CR1 (respectively p < 0.05, p < 0·002). NPM1MUT was marginally beneficial for OS (p = 0.04). FLT3ITD and DNMT3AMUT were adverse factors for OS (respectively p < 0.0001, p = 0.02). Mutational analysis adds additional independent prognostic information to demographic features and previous therapy in patients with resistant and relapsed disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Nucleophosmin
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | | | - Amanda Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan K Burnett
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nigel Russell
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Elrhman HAEA, El-Meligui YM, Elalawi SM. Prognostic Impact of Concurrent DNMT3A, FLT3 and NPM1 Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:e960-e969. [PMID: 34376373 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the rapidly progressing malignancies which is characterized by unregulated proliferation of hematopoietic precursors. Technological improvements enhanced the availability of genetic AML biomarkers. The clinical relevance of these molecular markers for AML diagnosis, planning of therapy and risk stratification are increasing evidently. METHODS In current study, one hundred newly diagnosed AML patients before receiving induction chemotherapy were included, they were subjected to clinical examination, cytochemical and morphological analysis of blood cells, flow cytometric, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis for detection of NPM1, FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A mutations. Direct sequencing analysis for detection of NPM1 and DNMT3A genes mutations were done. FLT3 /ITD gene mutation was detected by gel electrophoresis after PCR amplification. RESULTS According to genetic markers, our AML patients are classified in to further 8groups. AML patients with three DNMT3A/FLT3/NPM1 gene mutations (AML DNMT3A /FLT3/NPM1) this group of patients presented with a heavy disease burden, had an elevated WBC in comparison to other groups (70 vs. 41 × 103/μL; P = .019), and BM blast counts (71% vs. 55.6%, P < .02). When comparing eight groups for death event there were significant difference among groups; P = .005, group 1 (AML DNMT3A /FLT3/NPM1) showed rapid decline of the cumulative overall survival. There was a significant difference among 8 groups as regards response to treatment after 14 days (P = .02), group 7 AML with (DNMT3A +NMP1) gene mutations showed better response to treatment (100%), groups 1 and 3 AML with (NPM1+DNMT3A +NMP1) gene mutations and AML with isolated FLT3-ITD showed no response to treatment after 14 days. And as regards response to treatment after 28 days, the eight groups showed no significant difference (P = .14). CONCLUSION Our study supports adverse prognostic effect of presence of DNMT3A gene mutation either alone or in the presence of FLT3 and/or NPM1 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yomna M El-Meligui
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saffaa M Elalawi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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11
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Liu P, Liu JP, Sun SJ, Gao Y, Ai Y, Chen X, Sun Y, Zhou M, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Yuan HX. CBFB-MYH11 Fusion Sequesters RUNX1 in Cytoplasm to Prevent DNMT3A Recruitment to Target Genes in AML. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675424. [PMID: 34336831 PMCID: PMC8321512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of human diseases have been found to be associated with aberrant DNA methylation, including cancer. Mutations targeting genes encoding DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), TET family of DNA demethylases, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1, IDH2) that produce TET inhibitory metabolite, 2-hyoxyglutarate (2-HG), are found in more than half of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To gain new insights into the regulation of DNA de/methylation and consequence of its alteration in cancer development, we searched for genes which are mutated in a manner that is linked with gene mutations involved in DNA de/methylation in multiple cancer types. We found that recurrent CBFB-MYH11 fusions, which result in the expression of fusion protein comprising core-binding factor β (CBFB) and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and are found in 6∼8% of AML patients, occur mutually exclusively with DNMT3A mutations. Tumors bearing CBFB-MYH11 fusion show DNA hypomethylation patterns similar to those with loss-of-function mutation of DNMT3A. Expression of CBFB-MYH11 fusion or inhibition of DNMT3A similarly impairs the methylation and expression of target genes of Runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a functional partner of CBFB. We demonstrate that RUNX1 directly interacts with DNMT3A and that CBFB-MYH11 fusion protein sequesters RUNX1 in the cytoplasm, thereby preventing RUNX1 from interacting with and recruiting DNMT3A to its target genes. Our results identify a novel regulation of DNA methylation and provide a molecular basis how CBFB-MYH11 fusion contributes to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Pin Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Gao
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiufei Chen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Sun
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Cullgen Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hai-Xin Yuan
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and the Molecular and Cell Biology Research Lab of the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Hu X, Wang B, Chen Q, Huang A, Fu W, Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang G, Cheng H, Ni X, Gao L, Chen J, Chen L, Zhang W, Yang J, Cao S, Yu L, Wang J. A clinical prediction model identifies a subgroup with inferior survival within intermediate risk acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer 2021; 12:4912-4923. [PMID: 34234861 PMCID: PMC8247394 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises around 50% of AML patients and is featured with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. The study aimed to generate a prediction model to identify intermediate risk AML patients with an inferior survival. We performed targeted next generation sequencing analysis for 121 patients with 2017 European LeukemiaNet-defined intermediate risk AML, revealing 122 mutated genes, with 24 genes mutated in > 10% of patients. A prognostic nomogram characterized by white blood cell count ≥10×109/L at diagnosis, mutated DNMT3A and genes involved in signaling pathways was developed for 110 patients who were with clinical outcomes. Two subgroups were identified: intermediate low risk (ILR; 43.6%, 48/110) and intermediate high risk (IHR; 56.4%, 62/110). The model was prognostic of overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (OS: Concordance index [C-index]: 0.703, 95%CI: 0.643-0.763; RFS: C-index: 0.681, 95%CI 0.620-0.741), and was successfully validated with two independent cohorts. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) reduced the relapse risk of IHR patients (3-year RFS: alloHSCT: 40.0±12.8% vs. chemotherapy: 8.6±5.8%, P= 0.010). The prediction model can help identify patients with an unfavorable prognosis and refine risk-adapted therapy for intermediate risk AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bianhong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China.,Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Aijie Huang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weijia Fu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiong Ni
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanbo Cao
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital; Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Adverse Impact of DNA Methylation Regulatory Gene Mutations on the Prognosis of AML Patients in the 2017 ELN Favorable Risk Group, Particularly Those Defined by NPM1 Mutation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060986. [PMID: 34072516 PMCID: PMC8227437 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2017 ELN risk stratification has been widely adopted, but some studies have suggested the outcomes are heterogenous within the ELN risk groups and may be affected by other co-existing genetic mutations. This study evaluated the impact of DNA methylation regulatory gene (TET2, IDH1/2, DNMT3A, SETBP1) mutations (DMRGM) evaluated by NGS in the outcome of AML patients in each ELN risk group. A total of 114 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 12 months. Overall, 30.7% (35/114) of patients had DMRGM. DMRGM status had no impact on CR rate in each ELN risk group. The OS, however, was significantly shorter in patients with DMRGM compared to those without DMRGM (median OS: 12 vs. 33 months, p = 0.0053). Multivariate analysis showed DMRGM status was an independent unfavorable factor for OS (HR: 2.704, 95% CI: 1.451–5.041, p = 0.0017). The adverse OS impact of DMRGM was only observed in the ELN favorable group (7 months vs. not reached, p = 0.0001), but not in the intermediate or adverse group. Among the favorable group with DMRGM (n = 16), DMRGM occurred predominantly in cases with mutated NPM1 (15/16, or 93.8%). Our results suggest that DMRGM adversely impact the outcomes of ELN favorable group patients, particularly those with mutated NPM1. Further studies are warranted to confirm our observations.
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14
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang S. Clinical characteristics and prognostic study of adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with ASXL1 mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:446-456. [PMID: 33250015 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: A total of 156 adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were enrolled in this study to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of ASXL1 mutations. Methods: Clinical characteristics, prognostic impact and the association between ASXL1 mutations and some other mutations were analyzed. Results: We found ASXL1 mutations were most frequently found in M5 subtype and intermediate risk karyotype and were correlated with TET2, DNMT3A and PHF6 mutations. A total of 145 patients were included in prognostic analysis; results showed ASXL1 mutations had no impact on OS and DFS. In normal karyotype-AML (CN-AML) and older (≥60 years) AML, ASXL1 mutations showed adverse impact on OS (P = 0.022; p = 0.019, respectively) and showed adverse prognostic tendency on DFS (p = 0.173; p = 0.108, respectively). ASXL1 mutations were also independent unfavourable prognostic factors for OS on CN-AML and older (≥60 years) AML patients and unfavourable factors for DFS on older (≥60 years) AML in multivariate analysis. Results also indicated that though ASXL1 mutations were associated with TET2, DNMT3A and PHF6 mutations, when coinciding with ASXL1 mutations, the prognosis of AML was not significantly impacted. Discussion: The reliability of our results need to be further confirmed by prospective randomized controlled studies covering a large numbers of AML patients. Conclusion: The results showed ASXL1 mutations may act as a poor prognostic index especially in elder AML and CN-AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zechuan Wang
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sharma A, Liu H, Herwig-Carl MC, Chand Dakal T, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Epigenetic Regulatory Enzymes: mutation Prevalence and Coexistence in Cancers. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:257-273. [PMID: 33411587 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1872593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is an important layer of transcriptional control with the particularity to affect the broad spectrum of genome. Over the years, largely due to the substantial number of recurrent mutations, there have been hundreds of novel driver genes characterized in various cancers. Additionally, the relative contribution of two dysregulated epigenomic entities (DNA methylation and histone modifications) that gradually drive the cancer phenotype remains in the research focus. However, a complex scenario arises when the disease phenotype does not harbor any relevant mutation or an abnormal transcription level. Although the cancer landscape involves the contribution of multiple genetic and non-genetic factors, herein, we discuss specifically the mutation spectrum of epigenetically-related enzymes in cancer. In addition, we address the coexistence of these two epigenetic entities in malignant human diseases, especially cancer. We suggest that the study of epigenetically-related somatic mutations in the early cellular differentiation stage of embryonic development might help to understand their later-staged footprints in the cancer genome. Furthermore, understanding the co-occurrence and/or inverse association of different disease types and redefining the general definition of "healthy" controls could provide insights into the genome reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Key Genes and Pathways in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated with DNMT3A Mutation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9321630. [PMID: 33299888 PMCID: PMC7707947 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9321630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) mutation was one of the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which was associated with poor prognosis and appeared to be a potential biomarker. Herein, we aimed to identify the key genes and pathways involved in adult AML with DNMT3A mutations and to find possible therapeutic targets for improving treatment. Methods The RNA sequencing datasets of 170 adult AML patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. EdgeR of the R platform was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by Metascape and DAVID. And protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and clustering modules were analyzed with the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Results Mutated DNMT3A resulted in a shorter overall survival (OS) in AML patients and obviously associated with age, blast percentage in peripheral blood, and FLT3 mutation. A total of 283 DEGs were detected, of which 95 were upregulated and 188 were downregulated. GO term analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in neutrophil degranulation, myeloid cell differentiation, stem cell proliferation, positive regulation of neurological system process, leukocyte migration, and tissue morphogenesis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the pathway of cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer may play a crucial role in DNMT3A mutation AML. Seven hub genes (BMP4, MPO, THBS1, APP, ELANE, HOXA7, and VWF) had a significant prognostic value. Conclusion Bioinformatics analysis in the present study provided novel targets for early diagnosis and new strategies for treatment for AML with DNMT3A mutation.
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17
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Lou D, Wei X, Xiao P, Huo Q, Hong X, Sun J, Shuai Y, Tao G. Demethylation of the NRF2 Promoter Protects Against Carcinogenesis Induced by Nano-SiO 2. Front Genet 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32849814 PMCID: PMC7399247 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano silicon dioxide (Nano-SiO2) has been widely used in industries such as the field of biomedical engineering. Despite the existing evidence that Nano-SiO2 exposure could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in multiple organ systems, the carcinogenicity of Nano-SiO2 exposure has rarely been investigated. Thus in this study, two types of human bronchial epithelial cell lines (16HBE and BEAS-2B) were selected as in vitro models to investigate the carcinogenicity of Nano-SiO2. Our results revealed that Nano-SiO2 induces a malignant cellular transformation in human bronchial epithelial cells according to the soft agar colony formation assay. The carcinogenesis induced by Nano-SiO2 was also confirmed in nude mice. By using immunofluorescence assay and high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), we observed a genome-wide DNA hypomethylation induced by Nano-SiO2. Besides the reduced enzyme activity of total DNMTs upon Nano-SiO2 treatment, altered expression of DNMTs and methyl-CpG binding proteins were observed. Besides, we found that the expression of NRF2 was activated by demethylation of CpG islands within the NRF2 promoter region and the overexpression of NRF2 could alleviate the carcinogenesis induced by Nano-SiO2. Taken together, our results suggested that Nano-SiO2 induces malignant cellular transformation with a global DNA hypomethylation, and the demethylation of NRF2 promoter activates the expression of NRF2, which plays an important role in protecting against the carcinogenesis induced by Nano-SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lou
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Department of Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huo
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Hong
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shuai
- Syngenta (China) Investment Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Gonghua Tao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang J, Yang C, Wu C, Cui W, Wang L. DNA Methyltransferases in Cancer: Biology, Paradox, Aberrations, and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082123. [PMID: 32751889 PMCID: PMC7465608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases are an essential class of modifiers in epigenetics. In mammals, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B participate in DNA methylation to regulate normal biological functions, such as embryo development, cell differentiation and gene transcription. Aberrant functions of DNMTs are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. DNMT aberrations usually affect tumor-related factors, such as hypermethylated suppressor genes and genomic instability, which increase the malignancy of tumors, worsen the prognosis for patients, and greatly increase the difficulty of cancer therapy. However, the impact of DNMTs on tumors is still controversial, and therapeutic approaches targeting DNMTs are still under exploration. Here, we summarize the biological functions and paradoxes associated with DNMTs and we discuss some emerging strategies for targeting DNMTs in tumors, which may provide novel ideas for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (L.W.)
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19
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Lauber C, Correia N, Trumpp A, Rieger MA, Dolnik A, Bullinger L, Roeder I, Seifert M. Survival differences and associated molecular signatures of DNMT3A-mutant acute myeloid leukemia patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12761. [PMID: 32728112 PMCID: PMC7391693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very heterogeneous and highly malignant blood cancer. Mutations of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A are among the most frequent recurrent genetic lesions in AML. The majority of DNMT3A-mutant AML patients shows fast relapse and poor survival, but also patients with long survival or long-term remission have been reported. Underlying molecular signatures and mechanisms that contribute to these survival differences are only poorly understood and have not been studied in detail so far. We applied hierarchical clustering to somatic gene mutation profiles of 51 DNMT3A-mutant patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML cohort revealing two robust patient subgroups with profound differences in survival. We further determined molecular signatures that distinguish both subgroups. Our results suggest that FLT3 and/or NPM1 mutations contribute to survival differences of DNMT3A-mutant patients. We observed an upregulation of genes of the p53, VEGF and DNA replication pathway and a downregulation of genes of the PI3K-Akt pathway in short- compared to long-lived patients. We identified that the majority of measured miRNAs was downregulated in the short-lived group and we found differentially expressed microRNAs between both subgroups that have not been reported for AML so far (miR-153-2, miR-3065, miR-95, miR-6718) suggesting that miRNAs could be important for prognosis. In addition, we learned gene regulatory networks to predict potential major regulators and found several genes and miRNAs with known roles in AML pathogenesis, but also interesting novel candidates involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and immunity that may contribute to the observed survival differences of both subgroups and could therefore be important for prognosis. Moreover, the characteristic gene mutation and expression signatures that distinguished short- from long-lived patients were also predictive for independent DNMT3A-mutant AML patients from other cohorts and could also contribute to further improve the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) prognostic scoring system. Our study represents the first in-depth computational approach to identify molecular factors associated with survival differences of DNMT3A-mutant AML patients and could trigger additional studies to develop robust molecular markers for a better stratification of AML patients with DNMT3A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lauber
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nádia Correia
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Roeder
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.
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20
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Dzobo K. Epigenomics-Guided Drug Development: Recent Advances in Solving the Cancer Treatment "jigsaw puzzle". OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 23:70-85. [PMID: 30767728 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human epigenome plays a key role in determining cellular identity and eventually function. Drug discovery undertakings have focused mainly on the role of genomics in carcinogenesis, with the focus turning to the epigenome recently. Drugs targeting DNA and histone modifications are under development with some such as 5-azacytidine, decitabine, vorinostat, and panobinostat already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This expert review offers a critical analysis of the epigenomics-guided drug discovery and development and the opportunities and challenges for the next decade. Importantly, the coupling of epigenetic editing techniques, such as clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) and APOBEC-coupled epigenetic sequencing (ACE-seq) with epigenetic drug screens, will allow the identification of small-molecule inhibitors or drugs able to reverse epigenetic changes responsible for many diseases. In addition, concrete and sustainable innovation in cancer treatment ought to integrate epigenome targeting drugs with classic therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- 1 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Linch DC, Hills RK, Burnett AK, Russell N, Gale RE. Analysis of the clinical impact of NPM1 mutant allele burden in a large cohort of younger adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 188:852-859. [PMID: 31595497 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although an NPM1 mutation is generally considered to be a good prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukaemia, it has recently been suggested that a higher level of NPM1 mutant (NPM1MUT ) alleles relative to wild-type alleles is associated with poor clinical outcome. We therefore sought to confirm this finding in a larger study of 876 NPM1MUT cases entered into UK national trials. In univariate analysis, the higher NPM1MUT allele burden was associated with a lower complete remission (CR) rate, higher relapse rate and reduced overall survival, but this was largely attributable to the association of the higher NPM1MUT allele burden with other known poor risk factors, particularly the presence of a concomitant FLT3 internal tandem duplication. In multivariate analysis, there was no significant impact of the NPM1MUT allele burden on CR rates, and the impact on relapse and overall survival, whilst still significant, was greatly reduced. This impact was similar in patients who did or did not receive an allogeneic transplant in first CR. We conclude that the binary presence or absence of an NPM1 mutation, combined with minimal residual disease levels following induction therapy, should continue to be used in therapeutic management rather than stratification according to the NPM1MUT level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Alan K Burnett
- Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nigel Russell
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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22
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Yu Y, Zhang T, Bao X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Hong Y, Zeng Z, Shen H, Wu D, Pan J, Liu H, Chen S, Sun A. Combining gene variants with clinical characteristics improves outcome prediction in Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:919-926. [PMID: 31842651 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1702177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants have been identified in the majority of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients and have considerably influenced the diagnosis, classification, risk stratification and treatment of MDS. To explore the prognostic significance of genomic variants and build a new prognostic scoring model, we performed next-generation sequencing of 51 known genes in 499 Chinese patients with MDS. Ultimately, the TP53, GATA2, DNMT3A, age and the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) risk stratification were included in a new Cox model and divided into three prognostic categories, and had a better prediction of overall survival. The C-index of the new prognostic scoring model (0.772) was clearly better than IPSS-R risk stratification (0.717), which was validated in 163 cases. Moreover, the new model was also suitable for the prediction of OS for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The inclusion of genomic variants and age into the IPSS-R could improve prognostic algorithms for MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiebing Bao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Hong
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Pan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Aining Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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23
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Ordoñez R, Martínez-Calle N, Agirre X, Prosper F. DNA Methylation of Enhancer Elements in Myeloid Neoplasms: Think Outside the Promoters? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101424. [PMID: 31554341 PMCID: PMC6827153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation through DNA methylation is a well described phenomenon that has a prominent role in physiological and pathological cell-states. This epigenetic modification is usually grouped in regions denominated CpG islands, which frequently co-localize with gene promoters, silencing the transcription of those genes. Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have challenged this paradigm, demonstrating that DNA methylation of regulatory regions outside promoters is able to influence cell-type specific gene expression programs under physiologic or pathologic conditions. Coupling genome-wide DNA methylation assays with histone mark annotation has allowed for the identification of specific epigenomic changes that affect enhancer regulatory regions, revealing an additional layer of complexity to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this review, we summarize the novel evidence for the molecular and biological regulation of DNA methylation in enhancer regions and the dynamism of these changes contributing to the fine-tuning of gene expression. We also analyze the contribution of enhancer DNA methylation on the expression of relevant genes in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. The characterization of the aberrant enhancer DNA methylation provides not only a novel pathogenic mechanism for different tumors but also highlights novel potential therapeutic targets for myeloid derived neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ordoñez
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII-55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Martínez-Calle
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII-55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII-55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII-55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII-36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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24
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Soler-Bistué A, Zorreguieta A, Tolmasky ME. Bridged Nucleic Acids Reloaded. Molecules 2019; 24:E2297. [PMID: 31234313 PMCID: PMC6630285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are key compounds widely used for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The rapid increase in oligonucleotide-based applications, together with the progress in nucleic acids research, has led to the design of nucleotide analogs that, when part of these oligomers, enhance their efficiency, bioavailability, or stability. One of the most useful nucleotide analogs is the first-generation bridged nucleic acids (BNA), also known as locked nucleic acids (LNA), which were used in combination with ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, or other analogs to construct oligomers with diverse applications. However, there is still room to improve their efficiency, bioavailability, stability, and, importantly, toxicity. A second-generation BNA, BNANC (2'-O,4'-aminoethylene bridged nucleic acid), has been recently made available. Oligomers containing these analogs not only showed less toxicity when compared to LNA-containing compounds but, in some cases, also exhibited higher specificity. Although there are still few applications where BNANC-containing compounds have been researched, the promising results warrant more effort in incorporating these analogs for other applications. Furthermore, newer BNA compounds will be introduced in the near future, offering great hope to oligonucleotide-based fields of research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Soler-Bistué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín 1650, Argentina.
| | - Angeles Zorreguieta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo E Tolmasky
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA.
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25
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Wang R, Gao X, Yu L. The prognostic impact of tet oncogene family member 2 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:389. [PMID: 31023266 PMCID: PMC6485112 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of Tet oncogene family member 2 (TET2) mutations on the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still controversial. A meta analysis is needed in order to assess the prognostic significance of TET2 mutation in AML. Methods Five databases including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBase, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and Wanfang database were retrieved to search studies that investigated the correlation between TET2 mutations and outcomes of AML patients. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the effects of TET2 mutations. Results Sixteen studies were included. TET2 mutation was an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS: HR = 1.386; P < 0.001) and event-free survival (EFS: HR = 1.594; P = 0.002) in patients with AML. For patients under 65 years of age, TET2 mutation predicted an inferior OS (HR = 1.310, P = 0.051) and EFS (HR = 1.429, P = 0.027). For patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics (IR-AML), mutant TET2 had a significant association with adverse OS (HR = 0.474; P < 0.001). For patients with normal cytogenetics (CN-AML), mutant TET2 also conferred adverse OS (HR = 1.425; P < 0.001) and EFS (HR = 1.450, P < 0.001). Further, among patients with CN-AML, mutant TET2 was associated with inferior OS (HR = 2.034, P < 0.001) and EFS (HR = 2.140, P < 0.001) in the ELN favorable-risk subgroup and an inferior EFS (HR = 1.487; P < 0.001) in the ELN intermediate-Isubgroup. With respect to treatment outcome, TET2 mutation predicted a significantly lower rate of complete remission (CR) in cases with ELN favorable-risk cytogenetics (OR = 0.460, P = 0.011). Conclusions TET2 mutation had adverse impacts on survival and treatment response in AML patients and will contribute to risk-stratification, prognosis prediction and therapy guidance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5602-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Medicine School, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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26
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Lima K, Coelho-Silva JL, Kinker GS, Pereira-Martins DA, Traina F, Fernandes PACM, Markus RP, Lucena-Araujo AR, Machado-Neto JA. PIP4K2A and PIP4K2C transcript levels are associated with cytogenetic risk and survival outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2019; 233-234:56-66. [PMID: 31109595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide signaling pathway orchestrates primordial molecular and cellular functions in both healthy and pathologic conditions. Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type 2 lipid kinase (PIP4K2) family, which compromises PIP4K2A, PIP4K2B and PIP4K2C, has drawn the attention in human cancers. Particularly in hematological malignancies, PIP4K2A was already described as an essential protein for a malignant phenotype, although the clinical and biological impact of PIP4K2B and PIP4K2C proteins have not being explored in the same extent. In the present study, we investigated the impact on clinical outcomes and gene network of PIP4K2A, PIP4K2B and PIP4K2C mRNA transcripts in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (2013) study. Our results indicate that PIP4K2A and PIP4K2C, but not PIP4K2B, mRNA levels were significantly reduced in AML patients assigned to the favorable risk group (p < 0.05) and low levels of PIP4K2A and PIP4K2C positively affect clinical outcomes of AML patients (p < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analyses indicate that the expression of PIP4K2 genes is associated with biological process such as signal transduction, metabolism of RNA and genomic instability related-gene sets. In summary, our study provides additional evidence of the involvement of members of the PIP4K2 family, in particular PIP4K2A and PIP4K2C, in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Antonio Pereira-Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Pekelmann Markus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Fujiwara Y, Yamaguchi H, Yui S, Tokura T, Inai K, Onai D, Omori I, Marumo A, Yamanaka S, Sakaguchi M, Terada K, Nakagome S, Arai K, Kitano T, Okabe M, Okamoto M, Tamai H, Nakayama K, Tajika K, Wakita S, Inokuchi K. Importance of prognostic stratification via gene mutation analysis in elderly patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41:461-471. [PMID: 30970181 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in elderly patients is associated with an increased incidence of complications and treatment-related toxicity because of the frequency of comorbid disease and age-related deterioration in organ function. Despite advances in AML treatment in recent years, elderly patients have experienced limited benefit, and their outcomes remain poor. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive gene mutation analysis in elderly AML patients and identify gene mutations that could serve as prognostic factors. METHODS An analysis of gene mutations was performed for 281 AML patients, including 98 elderly patients aged 65 years or above. RESULTS Compared to younger AML patients, elderly patients showed a higher frequency of the following gene mutations: TP53 (P = 0.026), PTPN11 (P = 0.006), RUNX1 (P = 0.024), TET2 (P = 0.002), and ASXL1 (P = 0.023). The complete remission rate was significantly lower in DNMT3A mutation-positive cases (4.26%, P = 0.011) and TP53 mutation-positive cases (2.13%, P = 0.031) than in negative cases. The overall survival rate was significantly poorer in cases with FLT3-ITD (P = 0.003), DNMT3A (P = 0.033), or TP53 mutation (P < 0.001). Conversely, cases with PTPN11 mutation (P = 0.014) had a significantly more favorable prognosis. In multivariate analysis, FLT3-ITD (P = 0.011) and TP53 mutation positivity (P = 0.002) were independent poor prognostic factors, as were a performance status of 3 or above (P < 0.001) and poor cytogenetic prognosis (P = 0.001). In contrast, PTPN11 mutation positivity (P = 0.023) was an independent favorable prognosis factor. CONCLUSION Analysis of gene mutations in elderly AML patients is very important, not only for establishing prognosis, but also for introducing appropriate molecular-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Yui
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tokura
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Onai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Omori
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Marumo
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Terada
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Nakagome
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihito Arai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kitano
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneo Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Tamai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakayama
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajika
- Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koiti Inokuchi
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Yang X, Shi J, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang J, Yang S, Wang J, Ke X, Fu L. Biological and clinical influences of NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia patients with DNMT3A mutations. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2489-2497. [PMID: 30122998 PMCID: PMC6086113 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s166714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations are known to impact the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DNMT3A mutations are negative prognostic factors, while NPM1 mutations are low-risk factors and inclined to concurrently appear with DNMT3A mutations. In this study, we aimed to find out how NPM1 mutations affect patients’ outcomes in the background of DNMT3A mutations. Patients and methods We screened The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and found 51 AML patients with DNMT3A mutations. Of them, 28 patients had a combination of NPM1 mutations. Results In all, NPM1 had the highest mutation frequency (n=28, 54.9%). DNMT3Amut/NPM1mut patients had higher bone marrow (BM) blasts (P=0.015), higher FLT3-ITD/TKD rate (P=0.004), and lower IDH2 mutation rate (P=0.014) than the DNMT3Amut/NPM1wild patients, while their prognoses were the same as the DNMT3Amut/NPM1wild patients (P>0.1). All 51 patients benefited from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment (P=0.005 and 0.001 for event-free survival [EFS] and overall survival [OS], respectively). In the 23 patients with DNMT3Amut/NPM1wild, those who received HSCT had prolonged EFS and OS (P=0.043 and 0.008, respectively), while HSCT treatment did not produce a positive impact on EFS and OS in the remaining 28 patients with DNMT3Amut/NPM1mut (P=0.056 and 0.053, respectively). Conclusion Our study found that NPM1 mutations influenced BM blasts’ percentage, FLT3-ITD/TKD rate, and IDH2 mutation rate in AML patients with DNMT3A mutations but made little difference to the overall prognosis. While HSCT treatments benefited all DNMT3Amut patients, it was better for DNMT3Amut/NPM1wild patients to extend their EFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xinpei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Gaoqi Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,
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29
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Liang Z, Hu J, Yan W, Jiang H, Hu G, Luo C. Deciphering the role of dimer interface in intrinsic dynamics and allosteric pathways underlying the functional transformation of DNMT3A. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1667-1679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Szablewski V, Bret C, Kassambara A, Devin J, Cartron G, Costes-Martineau V, Moreaux J. An epigenetic regulator-related score (EpiScore) predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and identifies patients who may benefit from epigenetic therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19079-19099. [PMID: 29721185 PMCID: PMC5922379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of lymphoma and shows considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity. Much research is currently focused on the identification of prognostic markers for more specific patients’ risk stratification and on the development of therapeutic approaches to improve the long-term outcome. Epigenetic alterations are involved in various cancers, including lymphoma. Interestingly, epigenetic alterations are reversible and drugs to target some of them have been developed. In this study, we demonstrated that the gene expression profile of epigenetic regulators has a prognostic value in DLBCL and identified pathways that could be involved in DLBCL poor outcome. We then designed a new risk score (EpiScore) based on the gene expression level of the epigenetic regulators DNMT3A, DOT1L, SETD8. EpiScore was predictive of overall survival in DLBCL and allowed splitting patients with DLBCL from two independent cohorts (n = 414 and n = 69) in three groups (high, intermediate and low risk). EpiScore was an independent predictor of survival when compared with previously described prognostic factors, such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI), germinal center B cell and activated B cell molecular subgroups, gene expression-based risk score (GERS) and DNA repair score. Immunohistochemistry analysis of DNMT3A in 31 DLBCL samples showed that DNMT3A overexpression (>42% of positive tumor cells) correlated with reduced overall and event-free survival. Finally, an HDAC gene signature was significantly enriched in the DLBCL samples included in the EpiScore high-risk group. We conclude that EpiScore identifies high-risk patients with DLBCL who could benefit from epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Szablewski
- University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biopathology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Bret
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UM UMR 9002, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UM UMR 9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Devin
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UM UMR 9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Department of Clinical Hematology, Montpellier, France.,Montpellier University, UMR CNRS 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Costes-Martineau
- University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biopathology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UM UMR 9002, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
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31
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Lin ME, Hou HA, Tsai CH, Wu SJ, Kuo YY, Tseng MH, Liu MC, Liu CW, Chou WC, Chen CY, Tang JL, Yao M, Li CC, Huang SY, Ko BS, Hsu SC, Lin CT, Tien HF. Dynamics of DNMT3A mutation and prognostic relevance in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:42. [PMID: 29619119 PMCID: PMC5879939 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNMT3A gene mutation has been associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia, but its clinical implications in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and dynamic changes during disease progression remain controversial. Results In this study, DNMT3A mutation was identified in 7.9% of 469 de novo MDS patients. DNMT3A-mutated patients had higher platelet counts at diagnosis, and patients with ring sideroblasts had the highest incidence of DNMT3A mutations, whereas those with multilineage dysplasia had the lowest incidence. Thirty-one (83.8%) of 37 DNMT3A-mutated patients had additional molecular abnormalities at diagnosis, and DNMT3A mutation was highly associated with mutations of IDH2 and SF3B1. Patients with DNMT3A mutations had a higher risk of leukemia transformation and shorter overall survival. Further, DNMT3A mutation was an independent poor prognostic factor irrespective of age, IPSS-R, and genetic alterations. The sequential study demonstrated that the original DNMT3A mutations were retained during follow-ups unless allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed, while DNMT3A mutation was rarely acquired during disease progression. Conclusions DNMT3A mutation predicts unfavorable outcomes in MDS and was stable during disease evolutions. It may thus be a potential biomarker to predict prognosis and monitor the treatment response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0476-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-En Lin
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan.,2Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.,3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Tsai
- 4Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- 5Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Tseng
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Liu
- 6Departments of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Liu
- 6Departments of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan.,7Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Jih-Luh Tang
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Ming Yao
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan.,4Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Huang
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hsu
- 7Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan.,4Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002 Taiwan
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32
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Aziz H, Ping CY, Alias H, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R. Gene Mutations as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:897. [PMID: 29270125 PMCID: PMC5725465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that there are key differences in the genomic profile between adult and childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Relapse is the significant contributor of mortality in patients with AML and remains as the leading cause of cancer death among children, posing great challenges in the treatment of AML. The knowledge about the genomic lesions in childhood AML is still premature as most genomic events defined in children were derived from adult cohorts. However, the emerging technologies of next generation sequencing have narrowed the gap of knowledge in the biology of AML by the detection of gene mutations for each sub-type which have led to the improvement in terms of prognostication as well as the use of targeted therapies. In this review, we describe the recent understanding of the genomic landscape including the prevalence of mutation, prognostic impact, and targeted therapies that will provide an insight into the pathogenesis of AML relapse in both adult and childhood cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habsah Aziz
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow Y Ping
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Alias
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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33
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Zabkiewicz J, Gilmour M, Hills R, Vyas P, Bone E, Davidson A, Burnett A, Knapper S. The targeted histone deacetylase inhibitor tefinostat (CHR-2845) shows selective in vitro efficacy in monocytoid-lineage leukaemias. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16650-62. [PMID: 26934551 PMCID: PMC4941341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tefinostat (CHR-2845) is a novel monocyte/macrophage-targeted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor which is cleaved into its active acid by the intracellular esterase human carboxylesterase-1 (hCE-1). The in vitro efficacy of tefinostat was characterised in cell lines and in a cohort of 73 primary AML and CMML samples. Dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and significant growth inhibitory effects were seen in myelomonocytic (M4), monocytic/monoblastic (M5) and CMML samples in comparison to non-monocytoid AML sub-types (p = 0.007). Importantly, no growth inhibitory effects were seen in normal bone marrow CD34+ cells exposed to AML-toxic doses of tefinostat in clonogenic assays. Expression of hCE-1 was measured by intracellular flow cytometry and immunoblotting across the cohort, with highest levels seen in M5 AML patients. hCE-1 levels correlated with significantly increased tefinostat sensitivity (low EC50) as measured by growth inhibition assays (p = 0.001) and concomitant elevation of the mature monocytoid marker CD14+. Strong induction of intracellular histone protein acetylation was observed in tefinostat-responsive samples, as were high levels of the DNA damage sensor γ-H2A.X, highlighting potential biomarkers of patient responsiveness. Synergistic interaction between tefinostat and the current standard treatment cytarabine was demonstrated in dose response and clonogenic assays using simultaneous drug addition in primary samples (median Combination Index value = 0.51). These data provide a strong rationale for the further clinical evaluation of tefinostat in monocytoid-lineage haematological neoplasms including CMML and monocyte-lineage AMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zabkiewicz
- Department of Haematology, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marie Gilmour
- Department of Haematology, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Hills
- Department of Haematology, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pares Vyas
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alan Burnett
- Department of Haematology, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Steven Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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34
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Gu J, Wang Z, Xiao M, Mao X, Zhu L, Wang Y, Huang W. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with double-mutations in DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD treated with decitabine and sorafenib. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:843-849. [PMID: 28102729 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1281491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a heterogeneous neoplastic hematologic disorder with worse overall survival. Half of CMML have mutations, but case with concomitant mutations of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and Internal tandem duplications of the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) in CMML was not reported before. We reported a 51-year-old man who had CMML with concomitant mutations in DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD.The patient received decitabine and sorafenib combined treatment. In this report, we reviewed DNMT3A mutation and FLT3 mutation, and we reviewed treatment of decitabine and sorafenib. This report is significant. First: This is the first report on CMML with double-mutations of DNMT3A and FLT3-ITD. Second: It shows the importance of targeted drug in combined treatment of CMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiong Wang
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Min Xiao
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Xia Mao
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- a Department of Hematology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan , P. R. China
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35
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McCurdy SR, Levis MJ. Emerging molecular predictive and prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:2021-2039. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1393669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. McCurdy
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark J. Levis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Li W, Cui L, Gao C, Liu S, Zhao X, Zhang R, Zheng H, Wu M, Li Z. DNMT3A mutations in Chinese childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7620. [PMID: 28767575 PMCID: PMC5626129 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations have been found in approximately 20% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and in 0% to 1.4% of children with AML, and the hotspots of mutations are mainly located in the catalytic methyltransferase domain, hereinto, mutation R882 accounts for 60%. Although the negative effect of DNMT3A on treatment outcome is well known, the prognostic significance of other DNMT3A mutations in AML is still unclear. Here, we tried to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of DNMT3A mutations in a large cohort in Chinese childhood AML. METHODS We detected the mutations in DNMT3A exon 23 by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing in 342 children with AML (0-16 years old) from January 2005 to June 2013, treated on BCH-2003 AML protocol. The correlation of DNMT3A mutations with clinical characteristics, fusion genes, other molecular anomalies (FLT3 internal tandem duplication [FLT3-ITD], Nucleophosmin 1, C-KIT (KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase), and Wilms tumor 1 mutations), and treatment outcome were analyzed. RESULTS DNMT3A mutations were detected in 4 out of 342 (1.2%) patients. Two patients were PML-RARA positive and 1 patient was FLT3-ITD positive. The mutations in coding sequences included S892S, V912A, R885G, and Q886R. Furthermore, there was 1 intronic mutation (c.2739+55A>C) found in 1 patient. No association of DNMT3A mutations with common clinical features was found. Two patients with DNMT3A mutations died of relapse or complications during treatment. One patient gave up treatment due to remission induction failure in day 33. Only 1 patient achieved continuous complete remission. CONCLUSIONS DNMT3A mutations were rare in Chinese children with AML including PML-RARA positive APL. The mutation positions were different from the hotspots reported in adult AML. DNMT3A mutations may have adverse impact on prognosis of children with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Li
- Hematology & Oncology Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
| | - Lei Cui
- Hematology & Oncology Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
| | - Chao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
- Hematology & Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
- Hematology & Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
- Hematology & Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
- Hematology & Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
- Hematology & Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Minyuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
- Hematology & Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Hematology & Oncology Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children
- National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education
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37
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Abstract
Mutation profiling of acute leukemias is a valuable tool for identifying genetic mutations with prognostic, predictive, therapeutic, and diagnostic utility. Technological advances, such as massively parallel sequencing, have allowed laboratories to assess for variation across dozens or hundreds of genes simultaneously with relatively low cost per target.Here, we describe a procedure for designing and using a TruSeq Custom Amplicon assay targeting genes involved in acute leukemias. This method is a fully customizable, amplicon-based assay for targeted resequencing, allowing interrogation of selected genomic regions of interest. The most readily available form of the assay allows sequencing of up to 1536 amplicons in a single reaction using a straightforward workflow. The ability to multiplex up to 1536 amplicons per reaction allows coverage of up to 650 kb of cumulative sequence and supports up to 96 samples per batch, depending on library size and desired sequencing depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Konnick
- Genetics and Solid Tumor Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NW120, University of Washington, Box 357110, 1959 Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- Genetics and Solid Tumor Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NW120, University of Washington, Box 357110, 1959 Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Wu
- UW Hematopathology, UW Molecular Genetic Pathology, Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NW120, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake, G7800, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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38
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Persistent DNMT3A mutation burden in DNMT3A mutated adult cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia patients in long-term remission. Leuk Res 2016; 49:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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De Kouchkovsky I, Abdul-Hay M. 'Acute myeloid leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2016 update'. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e441. [PMID: 27367478 PMCID: PMC5030376 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults, with an incidence of over 20 000 cases per year in the United States alone. Large chromosomal translocations as well as mutations in the genes involved in hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation result in the accumulation of poorly differentiated myeloid cells. AML is a highly heterogeneous disease; although cases can be stratified into favorable, intermediate and adverse-risk groups based on their cytogenetic profile, prognosis within these categories varies widely. The identification of recurrent genetic mutations, such as FLT3-ITD, NMP1 and CEBPA, has helped refine individual prognosis and guide management. Despite advances in supportive care, the backbone of therapy remains a combination of cytarabine- and anthracycline-based regimens with allogeneic stem cell transplantation for eligible candidates. Elderly patients are often unable to tolerate such regimens, and carry a particularly poor prognosis. Here, we review the major recent advances in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- I De Kouchkovsky
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Abdul-Hay
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, New York University Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Kavianpour M, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahrabi S, Saki N. Significance of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in AML prognosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10041-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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41
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Abou Zahr A, Bernabe Ramirez C, Wozney J, Prebet T, Zeidan AM. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of MDS and the rational therapeutic opportunities. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:377-88. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2016.1135047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Hou HA, Tien HF. Mutations in epigenetic modifiers in acute myeloid leukemia and their clinical utility. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:447-69. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2016.1144469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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43
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Ahn JS, Kim HJ, Kim YK, Lee SS, Jung SH, Yang DH, Lee JJ, Kim NY, Choi SH, Jung CW, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Moon JH, Sohn SK, Won JH, Kim SH, Kim DDH. DNMT3A R882 Mutation with FLT3-ITD Positivity Is an Extremely Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Normal-Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Gao L, Liu F, Zhang H, Sun J, Ma Y. CHFRhypermethylation, a frequent event in acute myeloid leukemia, is independently associated with an adverse outcome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:158-68. [PMID: 26542416 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yigai Ma
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang YY, Yao DM, Zhu XW, Zhou JD, Ma JC, Yang J, Wen XM, Guo H, Lin J, Qian J. DNMT3A intragenic hypomethylation is associated with adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1041-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abou Zahr A, Saad Aldin E, Barbarotta L, Podoltsev N, Zeidan AM. The clinical use of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1019-36. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gale RE, Lamb K, Allen C, El-Sharkawi D, Stowe C, Jenkinson S, Tinsley S, Dickson G, Burnett AK, Hills RK, Linch DC. Simpson's Paradox and the Impact of Different DNMT3A Mutations on Outcome in Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2072-83. [PMID: 25964253 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on outcome in younger patients with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic samples from 914 patients (97% < 60 years old) were screened for mutations in DNMT3A exons 13 to 23. Clinical outcome was evaluated according to presence or absence of a mutation and stratified according to type of mutation (R882, non-R882 missense, or truncation). RESULTS DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3A(MUT)) were identified in 272 patients (30%) and associated with a poorer prognosis than wild-type DNMT3A, but the difference was only seen when the results were stratified according to NPM1 genotype. This example of Simpson's paradox results from the high coincidence of DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations (80% of patients with DNMT3A(MUT) had NPM1 mutations), where the two mutations have opposing prognostic impact. In the stratified analyses, relapse in patients with DNMT3A(MUT) was higher (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.72; P = .01), and overall survival was lower (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.87; P = .002). The impact of DNMT3A(MUT) did not differ according to NPM1 genotype (test for heterogeneity: relapse, P = .4; overall survival, P = .9). Further analysis according to the type of DNMT3A mutation indicated that outcome was comparable in patients with R882 and non-R882 missense mutants, whereas in those with truncation mutants, it was comparable to wild-type DNMT3A. CONCLUSION These data confirm that presence of a DNMT3A mutation should be considered as a poor-risk prognostic factor, irrespective of the NPM1 genotype, and suggest that further consideration should be given to the type of DNMT3A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Gale
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Katarina Lamb
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Allen
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dima El-Sharkawi
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Stowe
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Tinsley
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Glenda Dickson
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alan K Burnett
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Hills
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David C Linch
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Liu YN, Zhang N, Wu Y, Yang L, Ding XY, Zhou JF, Xiao M. DNMT3A mutation analysis in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:337-342. [PMID: 26072070 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyl-transferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutation has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, reports are scanty on its rate and subsequent impact on patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially in Chinese population. In this study, we investigated the incidence and prognostic implication of DNMT3A mutation in 57 Chinese adult ALL patients. A total of 3 (5.3%) T-ALL cases were found to have the DNMT3A R882H mutation, which was significantly greater than that found in B-ALL subtype (P=0.048). The patients aged between 40 and 60 years old had higher mutation rate than other age groups (P=0.042). Patients with DNMT3A mutation had shorter overall survival (OS) than their wild-type counterparts. Our study demonstrated that Chinese ALL patients might develop DNMT3A mutation, which exerts a negative impact on their prognosis. These findings might help in risk stratification and treatment choice for Chinese ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Qingdao University, Qindao, 266003, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Berenstein R, Blau IW, Suckert N, Baldus C, Pezzutto A, Dörken B, Blau O. Quantitative detection of DNMT3A R882H mutation in acute myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:55. [PMID: 25994761 PMCID: PMC4443651 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background DNMT3A mutations represent one of the most frequent gene alterations detectable in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal karyotype. Although various recurrent somatic mutations of DNMT3A have been described, the most common mutation is located at R882 in the methyltransferase domain of the gene. Because of their prognostic significance and high stability during disease evolution, DNMT3A mutations might represent highly informative biomarkers for prognosis and outcome of disease. Methods We describe an allele-specific PCR with a Blocking reagent for the quantitative detection of DNMT3A R882H mutation providing the possibility to analyze the quantitative amount of mutation during the course of disease. Next, we analyzed 62 follow-up samples from 6 AML patients after therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Results We developed an ASB-PCR assay for quantitative analysis of R882H DNMT3A mutation. After optimization of blocker concentration, a R882H-positive plasmid was constructed to enhance the accuracy of the sensitivity of quantitative detection. The assay displayed a high efficiency and sensitivity up to 10−3. The reproducibility of assay analyzed using follow-up samples showed the standard deviation less than 3.1 %. This assay displayed a complete concordance with sequencing and endonuclease restriction analysis. We have found persistence of DNMT3A R882H mutations in complete remission (CR) after standard cytoreduction therapy that could be indicating presence of DNMT3A mutation in early pre-leukemic stem cells that resist chemotherapy. The loss of correlation between NPM1 and DNMT3A in CR could be associated with evolution of pre-leukemic and leukemic clones. In patients with CR with complete donor chimerism after alloSCT, we have found no DNMT3A R882H. In relapsed patients, all samples showed an increasing of both NPM1 and DNMT3A mutated alleles. This suggests at least in part the presence of NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations in the same cell clone. Conclusion We developed a rapid and reliable method for quantitative detection of DNMT3A R882H mutations in AML patients. Quantitative detection of DNMT3A R882H mutations at different time points of AML disease enables screening of follow-up samples. This could provide additional information about the role of DNMT3A mutations in development and progression of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma Berenstein
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Igor Wolfgang Blau
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nikola Suckert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Claudia Baldus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Antonio Pezzutto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernd Dörken
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olga Blau
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University School of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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High p53 protein expression in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms is associated with adverse karyotype and poor outcome. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:552-63. [PMID: 25412846 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identification of p53-positive cells by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow from primary myelodysplastic syndrome patients correlates with the presence of TP53 mutations and poor prognosis. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are more frequent in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome than in de novo disease, but the role of p53 immunohistochemistry in the therapy-related setting has not been specifically investigated. We studied p53 protein immunoreactivity in bone marrow biopsies of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms and correlated protein expression with TP53 mutation status, clinicopathologic features and outcome. We first studied 32 patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and 63 patients with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/chronic myelomonocytic leukemia from one institution and then validated our results in a separate group of 32 patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and 56 patients with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome from a different institution. Strong p53 immunostaining in ≥1% of bone marrow cells was highly predictive of a TP53 gene mutation (P<0.0001) and was strongly associated with a high-risk karyotype (P<0.0001). The presence of ≥1% p53 strongly positive cells was associated with poorer overall and disease-specific survival, particularly in the subset of patients treated with stem-cell transplantation. In a multivariable Cox regression model, the presence of ≥1% p53 strongly expressing cells was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival in both cohorts, with hazard ratios of 3.434 (CI: 1.751-6.735, P<0.0001) and 3.156 (CI: 1.502-6.628, P=0.002). Our data indicate that p53 protein expression, evaluated in bone marrow biopsies by a widely available immunohistochemical method, prognostically stratifies patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms independent of other risk factors. p53 immunostaining thus represents an easily applicable method to assess risk in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome patients.
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