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Barros MDS, de Araújo ND, Magalhães-Gama F, Pereira Ribeiro TL, Alves Hanna FS, Tarragô AM, Malheiro A, Costa AG. γδ T Cells for Leukemia Immunotherapy: New and Expanding Trends. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729085. [PMID: 34630403 PMCID: PMC8493128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, many discoveries have elucidated the cellular and molecular diversity in the leukemic microenvironment and improved our knowledge regarding their complex nature. This has allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies against leukemia. Advances in biotechnology and the current understanding of T cell-engineering have led to new approaches in this fight, thus improving cell-mediated immune response against cancer. However, most of the investigations focus only on conventional cytotoxic cells, while ignoring the potential of unconventional T cells that until now have been little studied. γδ T cells are a unique lymphocyte subpopulation that has an extensive repertoire of tumor sensing and may have new immunotherapeutic applications in a wide range of tumors. The ability to respond regardless of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, the secretion of antitumor mediators and high functional plasticity are hallmarks of γδ T cells, and are ones that make them a promising alternative in the field of cell therapy. Despite this situation, in particular cases, the leukemic microenvironment can adopt strategies to circumvent the antitumor response of these lymphocytes, causing their exhaustion or polarization to a tumor-promoting phenotype. Intervening in this crosstalk can improve their capabilities and clinical applications and can make them key components in new therapeutic antileukemic approaches. In this review, we highlight several characteristics of γδ T cells and their interactions in leukemia. Furthermore, we explore strategies for maximizing their antitumor functions, aiming to illustrate the findings destined for a better mobilization of γδ T cells against the tumor. Finally, we outline our perspectives on their therapeutic applicability and indicate outstanding issues for future basic and clinical leukemia research, in the hope of contributing to the advancement of studies on γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Souza Barros
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias de Araújo
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Lohana Pereira Ribeiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves Hanna
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, UEA, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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Impact of Immune Parameters and Immune Dysfunctions on the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153856. [PMID: 34359757 PMCID: PMC8345723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), immune alterations—affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity—are very common. As a clinical consequence, patients with CLL frequently present with autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. The aim of this review article is to present available data on CLL-associated alterations of immune parameters that correlate with known prognostic markers and with clinical outcome. Also, data on the impact of immune-related clinical manifestations on the prognosis of patients with CLL will be discussed. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a wide spectrum of immune alterations, affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity. These immune dysfunctions strongly impact the immune surveillance, facilitate tumor progression and eventually affect the disease course. Quantitative and functional alterations involving conventional T cells, γδ T cells, regulatory T cells, NK and NKT cells, and myeloid cells, together with hypogammaglobulinemia, aberrations in the complement pathways and altered cytokine signature have been reported in patients with CLL. Some of these immune parameters have been shown to associate with other CLL-related characteristics with a known prognostic relevance or to correlate with disease prognosis. Also, in CLL, the complex immune response dysfunctions eventually translate in clinical manifestations, including autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. These clinical issues are overall the most common complications that affect the course and management of CLL, and they also may impact overall disease prognosis.
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Prognostic Value of Tie2-Expressing Monocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112817. [PMID: 34198760 PMCID: PMC8200999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) characterized by the phenotype of CD14+CD16+Tie2+ are seen as the new immunosuppressive force in tumors. However, little is known about the role of circulating TEM in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as opposed to their role in solid tumors. In the current study, we observed an increased percentage of TEMs in CLL patients. A greater than 14.82% proportion of TEM foretells an unfavorable prognosis. This threshold has predicted a shorter time from diagnosis to therapy, and worse overall survival. Despite these results, a multivariable Cox regression model performed in 104 CLL patients did not identify TEM as an independent predictor of survival. However, TEM, as an important element of the tumor-microenvironment, can be an important complement to other prognostic indicators. Abstract Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) are associated with tumor progression and metastasis. This unique subset of monocytes has been identified as a potential prognostic marker in several solid tumors. However, TEMs remain poorly characterized in hematological cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study analyzed, for the first time, the clinical significance of TEM population in CLL patients. Flow cytometry analysis of TEMs (defined as CD14+CD16+Tie2+ cells) was performed at the time of diagnosis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 104 untreated CLL patients. Our results revealed an expansion of circulating TEM in CLL patients. These monocytes express high levels of VEGF and suppressive IL-10. A high percentage of TEM was associated closely with unfavorable prognostic markers (ZAP-70, CD38, 17p and 11q deletion, and IGHV mutational status). Moreover, increased percentages of circulating TEMs were significantly higher in patients not responding to the first-line therapy as compared to responding patients, suggesting its potential predictive value. High TEM percentage was also correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) and shorter time to treatment (TTT). Importantly, based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, TEM percentage was an independent predictor for TTT. Thus, we can suggest the adverse role of TEMs in CLL.
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de Weerdt I, Lameris R, Ruben JM, de Boer R, Kloosterman J, King LA, Levin MD, Parren PWHI, de Gruijl TD, Kater AP, van der Vliet HJ. A Bispecific Single-Domain Antibody Boosts Autologous Vγ9Vδ2-T Cell Responses Toward CD1d in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1744-1755. [PMID: 33451981 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although considerable progress has been made with autologous T cell-based therapy in B-cell malignancies, application in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lags behind due to disappointing response rates as well as substantial toxicity that is of particular concern in the elderly CLL population. Vγ9Vδ2-T cells form a conserved T-cell subset with strong intrinsic immunotherapeutic potential, largely because of their capacity to be triggered by phosphoantigens that can be overproduced by CLL and other malignant cells. Specific activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells by a bispecific antibody may improve the efficacy and toxicity of autologous T-cell-based therapy in CLL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated CD1d expression in a cohort of 78 untreated patients with CLL and generated and functionally characterized a CD1d-specific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager based on single-domain antibodies (VHH). RESULTS CD1d was expressed by CLL in the majority of patients, particularly in patients with advanced disease. The CD1d-specific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager induced robust activation and degranulation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, enabling Vγ9Vδ2-T cells from patients with CLL to lyse autologous leukemic cells at low effector-to-target ratios. Expression of CD1d on CLL cells is upregulated by all-trans retinoic acid, and sensitizes the malignant cells to bispecific VHH-induced lysis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor retains responsiveness to phosphoantigens when the bispecific VHH is bound, and aminobisphosphonates can therefore enhance bispecific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager-mediated tumor-specific killing. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate the immunotherapeutic potential of this novel CD1d-specific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris de Weerdt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen M Ruben
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renate de Boer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Kloosterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa A King
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul W H I Parren
- Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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5
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Griggio V, Perutelli F, Salvetti C, Boccellato E, Boccadoro M, Vitale C, Coscia M. Immune Dysfunctions and Immune-Based Therapeutic Interventions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594556. [PMID: 33312177 PMCID: PMC7708380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by a wide range of tumor-induced alterations, which affect both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, and accumulate during disease progression. In recent years, the development of targeted therapies, such as the B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors and the Bcl-2 protein inhibitor venetoclax, has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of CLL. Despite their remarkable anti-tumor activity, targeted agents have some limitations, which include the development of drug resistance mechanisms and the inferior efficacy observed in high-risk patients. Therefore, additional treatments are necessary to obtain deeper responses and overcome drug resistance. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which exploits immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect to eradicate tumor cells, currently represents the only potentially curative therapeutic option for CLL patients. However, due to its potential toxicities, HSCT can be offered only to a restricted number of younger and fit patients. The growing understanding of the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system, which is responsible for immune escape mechanisms and tumor progression, has paved the way for the development of novel immune-based strategies. Despite promising preclinical observations, results from pilot clinical studies exploring the safety and efficacy of novel immune-based therapies have been sometimes suboptimal in terms of long-term tumor control. Therefore, further advances to improve their efficacy are needed. In this context, possible approaches include an earlier timing of immunotherapy within the treatment sequencing, as well as the possibility to improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents by administering them in combination with other anti-tumor drugs. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of main immune defects affecting patients with CLL, also describing the complex networks leading to immune evasion and tumor progression. From the therapeutic standpoint, we will go through the evolution of immune-based therapeutic approaches over time, including i) agents with broad immunomodulatory effects, such as immunomodulatory drugs, ii) currently approved and next-generation monoclonal antibodies, and iii) immunotherapeutic strategies aiming at activating or administering immune effector cells specifically targeting leukemic cells (e.g. bi-or tri-specific antibodies, tumor vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and checkpoint inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Banach M, Edholm ES, Gonzalez X, Benraiss A, Robert J. Impacts of the MHC class I-like XNC10 and innate-like T cells on tumor tolerance and rejection in the amphibian Xenopus. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:924-935. [PMID: 31155639 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The conditions that lead to antitumor or protumor functions of natural killer T (NKT) cells against mammalian tumors are only partially understood. Therefore, insights into the evolutionary conservation of NKT and their analogs-innate-like T (iT) cells-may reveal factors that contribute to tumor eradication. As such, we investigated the amphibian Xenopus laevis iT cells and interacting MHC class I-like (XNC or mhc1b.L) genes against ff-2 thymic lymphoid tumors. Upon ff-2 intraperitoneal transplantation into syngeneic tadpoles, two iT cell subsets iVα6 and iVα22, characterized by an invariant T-cell receptor α chain rearrangement (Vα6-Jα1.43 and Vα22-Jα1.32 respectively), were recruited to the peritoneum, concomitant with a decreased level of these transcripts in the spleen and thymus. To address the hypothesize that different iT cell subsets have distinct, possibly opposing, roles upon ff-2 tumor challenge, we determined whether ff-2 tumor growth could be manipulated by impairing Vα6 iT cells or by deleting their restricting element, the XNC gene, XNC10 (mhc1b10.1.L), on ff-2 tumors. Accordingly, the in vivo depletion of Vα6 iT cells using XNC10-tetramers enhanced tumor growth, indicating Vα6 iT cell-mediated antitumor activities. However, XNC10-deficient transgenic tadpoles that also lack Vα6 iT cells were resistant to ff-2 tumors, uncovering a potential new function of XNC10 besides Vα6 iT cell development. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of XNC10 in ff-2 tumors broke the immune tolerance. Together, our findings demonstrate the relevance of XNC10/iT cell axis in controlling Xenopus tumor tolerance or rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Banach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eva-Stina Edholm
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Xavier Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Abdellatif Benraiss
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Banach M, Robert J. Evolutionary Underpinnings of Innate-Like T Cell Interactions with Cancer. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:737-758. [PMID: 31223047 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1631341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancers impose a significant health and economic burden. By harnessing the immune system, current immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment against human cancers and potentially offer a long-term cure. Among others, innate-like T (iT) cells, including natural killer T cells, are promising candidates for immunotherapies. Unlike conventional T cells, iT cells regulate multiple immune processes and express an invariant T cell receptor that is shared among different individuals. However, the conditions that activate the pro- and antitumor functions of iT cells are partially understood. These gaps in knowledge hamper the use of iT cell in clinics. It might be beneficial to examine the roles of iT cells in an alternative animal model - the amphibian Xenopus whose immune system shares many similarities to that of mammals. Here, we review the iT cell biology in the context of mammalian cancers and discuss the challenges currently found in the field. Next, we introduce the advantages of Xenopus as a model to investigate the role of iT cells and interacting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecules in tumor immunity. In Xenopus, 2 specific iT cell subsets, Vα6 and Vα22 iT cells, recognize and fight tumor cells. Furthermore, our recent data reveal the complex functions of the Xenopus MHC class I-like (XNC) gene XNC10 in tumor immune responses. By utilizing reverse genetics, transgenesis, and MHC tetramers, we have a unique opportunity to uncover the relevance of XNC genes and iT cell in Xenopus tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Banach
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
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Matos DM. CD8 Antigen Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Does it Have any Relevant Meaning? CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 96:96-98. [PMID: 30585400 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mazza Matos
- Flow Cytometry Section, Cell Processing Center (CPC), Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Ceará (HEMOCE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Zaborsky N, Gassner FJ, Asslaber D, Reinthaler P, Denk U, Flenady S, Hofbauer JP, Danner B, Rebhandl S, Harrer A, Geisberger R, Greil R, Egle A. CD1d expression on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells affects disease progression and induces T cell skewing in CD8 positive and CD4CD8 double negative T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49459-49469. [PMID: 27385215 PMCID: PMC5226521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia develops within a complex network driven by genetic mutations and microenvironmental interactions. Among the latter a complex interplay with the immune system is established by the clone. Next to a proposed recruitment of support from T and myeloid cells, potential anti-CLL immune reactions need to be subverted. By using TCL1 mice as a CLL model, we show that TCR-Vβ7+ NK1.1+ T cells are overrepresented in this disease model and constitute a main subset of peripheral CD3+ cells with biased TCR usage, showing that these cells account for a major part for T cell skewing in TCL1 mice. Moreover, we show that overrepresentation is dependent on CD1d expression in TCL1 mice, implicating that these cells belong to a NKT-like cell fraction which are restricted to antigen presented by the MHC-like surface marker CD1d. Accordingly, we observed a high fraction of CD161+ cells within overrepresented T cells in CLL patients and we found downregulation of CD1d on the surface of CLL cells, both in TCL1 mice and patients. Finally, we show that in TCL1 mice, CD1d deficiency resulted in shortened overall survival. Our results point to an interaction between CLL and CD161+ T cells that may represent a novel therapeutic target for immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zaborsky
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Josef Gassner
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Asslaber
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Reinthaler
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ursula Denk
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabine Flenady
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Danner
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Rebhandl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Harrer
- Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
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10
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Kato S, Berzofsky JA, Terabe M. Possible Therapeutic Application of Targeting Type II Natural Killer T Cell-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:314. [PMID: 29520281 PMCID: PMC5827362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique T cell subset that exhibits characteristics from both the innate immune cells and T cells. There are at least two subsets of NKT cells, type I and type II. These two subsets of NKT cells have opposite functions in antitumor immunity. Type I NKT cells usually enhance and type II NKT cells suppress antitumor immunity. In addition, these two subsets of NKT cells cross-regulate each other. In this review, we mainly focus on immunosuppressive NKT cells, type II NKT cells. After summarizing their definition, experimental tools to study them, and subsets of them, we will discuss possible therapeutic applications of type II NKT cell pathway targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Bojarska-Junak A, Waldowska M, Woś J, Chocholska S, Hus I, Tomczak W, Dzik M, Hus M, Roliński J. Intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ expression in iNKT cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1580-1590. [PMID: 29434853 PMCID: PMC5776947 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia serve an essential role in the whole immune response, so their interactions with other immune cells are more complex than observed in solid tumors. The latest study results indicate that the immune dysregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) also affects a small population of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT). Using peripheral blood iNKT cells obtained from patients with CLL, the objective of the present study was to assess the intracellular expression of typical cytokines involved in the Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) response pathways following stimulation with the iNKT-specific ligand α-galactosylceramide. iNKT cells from patients with CLL exhibited upregulated IL-4 and IFN-γ expression in comparison to those from HVs. No significant association between the ability of iNKT cells to produce IL-4 or IFN-γ and the expression of CD1d on leukemic B lymphocytes or monocytes was identified. However, the function of iNKT cells was compromised in patients with CLL by a strong Th2 bias (high IL-4 and low IFN-γ expression). The ratio of iNKT+IFN-γ+:iNKT+IL-4+ was significantly decreased in the CLL group when compared with HVs, and this decreased further as the disease progressed. This change may result in the promotion of leukemic B lymphocyte survival. Therefore, in the pathogenesis of CLL, Th2 bias may delay the antitumor response that relies on stimulation of the Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Waldowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Woś
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Hus
- Department of Clinical Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Dzik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Hus
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Wang Y, Cardell SL. The Yin and Yang of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Tumor Immunity-Suppression of Tumor Immunity in the Intestine. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1945. [PMID: 29375569 PMCID: PMC5767593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are known as early responding, potent regulatory cells of immune responses. Besides their established role in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmune disease, numerous studies have shown that iNKT cells have important functions in tumor immunosurveillance and control of tumor metastasis. Tumor-infiltrating T helper 1 (TH1)/cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been associated with a positive prognosis. However, inflammation has a dual role in cancer and chronic inflammation is believed to be a driving force in many cancers as exemplified in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Indeed, NKT cells promote intestinal inflammation in human ulcerative colitis, and the associated animal model, indicating that NKT cells may favor tumor development in intestinal tissue. In contrast to other cancers, recent data from animal models suggest that iNKT cells promote tumor formation in the intestine by supporting an immunoregulatory tumor microenvironment and suppressing TH1 antitumor immunity. Here, we review the role of iNKT cells in suppression of tumor immunity in light of iNKT-cell regulation of intestinal inflammation. We also discuss suppression of immunity in other situations as well as factors that may influence whether iNKT cells have a protective or an immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting role in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Nair S, Dhodapkar MV. Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1178. [PMID: 29018445 PMCID: PMC5614937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. Following stimulation, NKT cells lead to downstream activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This has impelled the development of NKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for treating cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the stimulatory and regulatory functions of NKT cells in tumor immunity as well as highlight preclinical and clinical studies based on NKT cells. Finally, we discuss future perspectives to better harness the potential of NKT cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Nair
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Mason EF, Pozdnyakova O, Li B, Dudley G, Dorfman DM. Flow Cytometric Patterns of CD200 and CD1d Expression Distinguish CD10-Negative, CD5-Negative Mature B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 148:33-41. [PMID: 28575142 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The importance of distinguishing mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs) is highlighted by the distinct treatments used for and varying prognoses seen in association with these different diseases. Immunophenotyping allows for accurate and efficient differentiation of many B-LPDs. Recently, we showed that CD200 is highly expressed in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) but not in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), or hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-v). Here, we assessed the usefulness of a flow cytometric panel combining CD200 and CD1d with CD25, CD103, and CD11c to distinguish CD10-, CD5- B-LPDs. METHODS We analyzed the expression of CD200 and CD1d by flow cytometric analysis in 79 cases of CD10-, CD5- mature B-LPDs. RESULTS Distinct patterns of CD200 and CD1d expression were seen in the examined B-LPDs. HCL showed bright positivity for CD200 along with positive staining for CD1d, whereas HCL-v showed low levels of expression for both markers. LPL demonstrated positive staining for CD200 in combination with dim to negative staining for CD1d. In contrast, MZL was commonly positive for CD1d and negative for CD200. CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometric analysis of CD200 and CD1d, along with CD25, CD103, and CD11c, can aid in the diagnosis of CD10-, CD5- mature B-LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Mason
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Betty Li
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Graham Dudley
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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16
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CD1d-dependent CLL progression? Blood 2017; 129:3398-3399. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-783662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Invariant NKT cells contribute to chronic lymphocytic leukemia surveillance and prognosis. Blood 2017; 129:3440-3451. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-751065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
iNKT cells control CLL progression in both mice and patients and this inversely correlates with CD1d expression by leukemia cells. Human iNKT cells indirectly hinder CLL survival by restraining proleukemia monocyte-derived nurse-like cells.
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18
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Mohr A, Renaudineau Y, Bagacean C, Pers JO, Jamin C, Bordron A. Regulatory B lymphocyte functions should be considered in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1132977. [PMID: 27467951 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1132977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by an abnormal expansion of mature B cells in the bone marrow and their accumulation in blood and secondary lymphoid organs. Tumor CLL cells share expression of various surface molecules with many subsets of B cells and have several common characteristics with regulatory B cells (B regs). However, the identification of B regs and their role in CLL remain elusive. The aim of this review is to summarize recent works regarding the regulatory and phenotypic characteristic of B regs and their associated effects on the immune system. It is also meant to highlight their potential importance with regards to the immunotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mohr
- INSERM ESPRI ERI29/EA2216 Laboratory of Immunotherapies and Pathologies of B Lymphocytes, Université de Brest, Labex IGO "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology," Reseau Epigenetique et Reseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest , Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- INSERM ESPRI ERI29/EA2216 Laboratory of Immunotherapies and Pathologies of B Lymphocytes, Université de Brest, Labex IGO "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology," Reseau Epigenetique et Reseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, Brest, France; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Cristina Bagacean
- INSERM ESPRI ERI29/EA2216 Laboratory of Immunotherapies and Pathologies of B Lymphocytes, Université de Brest, Labex IGO "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology," Reseau Epigenetique et Reseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, Brest, France; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- INSERM ESPRI ERI29/EA2216 Laboratory of Immunotherapies and Pathologies of B Lymphocytes, Université de Brest, Labex IGO "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology," Reseau Epigenetique et Reseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest , Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- INSERM ESPRI ERI29/EA2216 Laboratory of Immunotherapies and Pathologies of B Lymphocytes, Université de Brest, Labex IGO "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology," Reseau Epigenetique et Reseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, Brest, France; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Anne Bordron
- INSERM ESPRI ERI29/EA2216 Laboratory of Immunotherapies and Pathologies of B Lymphocytes, Université de Brest, Labex IGO "Immunotherapy Graft, Oncology," Reseau Epigenetique et Reseau Canaux Ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest , Brest, France
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19
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Palmer VL, Nganga VK, Rothermund ME, Perry GA, Swanson PC. Cd1d regulates B cell development but not B cell accumulation and IL10 production in mice with pathologic CD5(+) B cell expansion. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:66. [PMID: 26537916 PMCID: PMC4632344 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD1d is a widely expressed lipid antigen presenting molecule required for CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell development. Elevated CD1d expression is detected in CD5+ IL10-producing B cells, called B10 B cells, and is correlated with poorer prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a CD5+ B cell malignancy with B10-like functional properties. Whether CD1d expression regulates CD5+ B cell accumulation, IL10 competence, and antibody production in naïve mice with pathologic CD5+ B cell expansion remains untested. Results Using three different transgenic mouse models of benign or leukemic CD5+ B cell expansion, we found that CD1d was differentially expressed on CD5+ B cells between the three models, but loss of CD1d expression had no effect on CD5+ B cell abundance or inducible IL10 expression in any of the models. Interestingly, in the CLL-prone Eμ-TCL1 model, loss of CD1d expression suppressed spontaneous IgG (but not IgM) production, whereas in the dnRAG1xEμ-TCL1 (DTG) model of accelerated CLL, loss of CD1d expression was associated with elevated numbers of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an inverted CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio. Unexpectedly, before leukemia onset, all three transgenic CD1d-deficient mouse strains had fewer splenic transitional B cells than their CD1d-proficient counterparts. Conclusions The results show that CD1d expression and iNKT cells are dispensable for the development, accumulation, or IL10 competence of CD5+ B cells in mice prone to benign or leukemic CLL-like B cell expansion, but reveal a novel role for iNKT cells in supporting B cell progression through the transitional stage of development in these animals. These results suggest CD1d-directed therapies to target CLL could be evaded by downregulating CD1d expression with little effect on continued leukemic CD5+ B cell survival. The data also imply that iNKT cells help restrain pro-leukemic CD8+ T cell expansion in CLL, potentially explaining a reported correlation in human CLL between disease progression, the loss of NKT cells, and a paradoxical increase in CD8+ T cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0130-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Palmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Vincent K Nganga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Mary E Rothermund
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Greg A Perry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Patrick C Swanson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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20
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Legut M, Cole DK, Sewell AK. The promise of γδ T cells and the γδ T cell receptor for cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 12:656-68. [PMID: 25864915 PMCID: PMC4716630 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells form an important part of adaptive immune responses against infections and malignant transformation. The molecular targets of human γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) remain largely unknown, but recent studies have confirmed the recognition of phosphorylated prenyl metabolites, lipids in complex with CD1 molecules and markers of cellular stress. All of these molecules are upregulated on various cancer types, highlighting the potential importance of the γδ T cell compartment in cancer immunosurveillance and paving the way for the use of γδ TCRs in cancer therapy. Ligand recognition by the γδ TCR often requires accessory/co-stimulatory stress molecules on both T cells and target cells; this cellular stress context therefore provides a failsafe against harmful self-reactivity. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells recognise their targets irrespective of HLA haplotype and therefore offer exciting possibilities for off-the-shelf, pan-population cancer immunotherapies. Here, we present a review of known ligands of human γδ T cells and discuss the promise of harnessing these cells for cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Hemiterpenes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Monitoring, Immunologic
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Organophosphorus Compounds/immunology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Legut
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - David K Cole
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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21
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Chaudhry MS, Karadimitris A. Role and regulation of CD1d in normal and pathological B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:4761-8. [PMID: 25381357 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD1d is a nonpolymorphic, MHC class I-like molecule that presents phospholipid and glycosphingolipid Ags to a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells called invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. This CD1d-iNKT cell axis regulates nearly all aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Expression of CD1d on B cells is suggestive of the ability of these cells to present Ag to, and form cognate interactions with, iNKT cells. In this article, we summarize key evidence regarding the role and regulation of CD1d in normal B cells and in humoral immunity. We then extend the discussion to B cell disorders, with emphasis on autoimmune disease, viral infection, and neoplastic transformation of B lineage cells, in which CD1d expression can be altered as a mechanism of immune evasion and can have both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Finally, we highlight current and future therapeutic strategies that aim to target the CD1d-iNKT cell axis in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Chaudhry
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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22
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Kotsianidis I. Surface antigen expression in CLL: a new member among the mnesteres for the prognosis of bad risk disease. Leuk Res 2014; 38:423-4. [PMID: 24636703 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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