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Jiang Z, Liu T, Wang Y, Li J, Guo L. Effect of lncRNA XIST on acute myeloid leukemia cells via miR-142-5p-PFKP axis. Hematology 2024; 29:2306444. [PMID: 38305210 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2306444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the common blood cancer in hematopoietic system-related diseases and has a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including AML. However, the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of lncRNA X inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) on AML. To achieve our objective, some tests were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression of lncRNA XIST, miR-142-5p and the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFKP). The targeting relationship between miR-142-5p and lncRNA XIST and PFKP was verified by Pearson correlation analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and pull-down assay. Functional experiments were used to analyze the effect and mechanism of action of knocking down lncRNA XIST on THP-1 and U937 cells. Compared with bone marrow cells, lncRNA XIST and PFKP expression levels were up-regulated and miR-142-5p expression levels were down-regulated in AML. Further analysis revealed that lncRNA XIST targeted and bound to miR-142-5p, and PFKP was a target gene of miR-142-5p. Knockdown of lncRNA XIST significantly promoted miR-142-5p expression to down-regulate PFKP in THP-1 and U937 cells, while the cell proliferation, cell viability, and cell cycle arrest were inhibited and apoptosis was increased. Knockdown of miR-142-5p reversed the functional impact of lncRNA XIST knockdown on AML cells. In conclusion, down-regulation of lncRNA XIST can affect the progression of AML by regulating miR-142-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Jiang
- Blood Transfusion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Pathology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Youhong Wang
- Blood Transfusion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Blood Transfusion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lusheng Guo
- Blood Transfusion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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2
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Yu Y, Zheng X, Xu W, Huang Y, Wang X, Hong W, Wang R, Ye X, Zhang C. The impact of parental overprotection on the emotions and behaviors of pediatric hematologic cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1290608. [PMID: 38298359 PMCID: PMC10828849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1290608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parental overprotection may have an impact on children's emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). As pediatric hematologic cancer patients have compromised immune systems, parents of such children often worry excessively, interfering with their daily lives. Therefore, avoiding overprotection is crucial for the overall physical and mental health of pediatric hematologic cancer patients. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the current status of EBPs in pediatric hematologic cancer patients and analyze their associated risk factors. Design This work was a multicenter cross-sectional observational and correlational study. We collected data anonymously through parental questionnaires from three pediatric hematologic oncology hospitals in China. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Parental Overprotection Measure (POM) scale, and a general information survey designed by the research team were employed to assess children's EBPs, the degree of parental overprotection, as well as basic demographic and disease-related information. Chi-square tests and generalized linear mixed-effects regression analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing EBPs among the pediatric hematologic cancer patients. Setting and participants Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 202 participants' parents were selected. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through one-on-one guidance. Results Emotional symptoms accounted for the highest proportion of abnormal EBPs in children (27.72%), followed by peer problems (26.24%), prosocial behavior (25.74%), behavioral problems (14.36%), and total difficulties (13.86%). A minority of children had abnormal hyperactivity scores (4.95%). The results of a generalized linear mixed regression analysis showed that age, duration of illness, and parental overprotection were significant factors influencing abnormal EBPs in children (p < 0.05). A POM score threshold of 37 exhibited good sensitivity (74%) and specificity (90%) in predicting abnormal EBPs in children. Conclusion Pediatric hematologic cancer patients under excessive parental protection are more prone to experiencing EBPs. Healthcare professionals should guide parents to reduce this excessive protection, thus mitigating the occurrence of EBPs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuru Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xulu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Hong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runping Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Skurlova M, Holubova K, Kleteckova L, Kozak T, Kubova H, Horacek J, Vales K. Chemobrain in blood cancers: How chemotherapeutics interfere with the brain's structure and functionality, immune system, and metabolic functions. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:5-22. [PMID: 37265248 DOI: 10.1002/med.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment brings about a phenomenon not fully clarified yet, termed chemobrain. Its strong negative impact on patients' well-being makes it a trending topic in current research, interconnecting many disciplines from clinical oncology to neuroscience. Clinical and animal studies have often reported elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in various types of blood cancers. This inflammatory burst could be the background for chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficit in patients with blood cancers. Cancer environment is a dynamic interacting system. The review puts into close relationship the inflammatory dysbalance and oxidative/nitrosative stress with disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB breakdown leads to neuroinflammation, followed by neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. High levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the progression of cancer resulting in increased mutagenesis, conversion of protooncogenes to oncogenes, and inactivation of tumor suppression genes to trigger cancer cell growth. These cell alterations may change brain functionality, as well as morphology. Multidrug chemotherapy is not without consequences to healthy tissue and could even be toxic. Specific treatment impacts brain function and morphology, functions of the immune system, and metabolism in a unique mixture. In general, a chemo-drug's effects on cognition in cancer are not direct and/or in-direct, usually a combination of effects is more probable. Last but not least, chemotherapy strongly impacts the immune system and could contribute to BBB disruption. This review points out inflammation as a possible mechanism of brain damage during blood cancers and discusses chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skurlova
- Department of Experimental Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - K Holubova
- Department of Experimental Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - L Kleteckova
- Department of Experimental Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - T Kozak
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Kubova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Horacek
- Department of Experimental Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - K Vales
- Department of Experimental Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Majumder A. Evolving CAR-T-Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Scientific Discovery to Cures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:39. [PMID: 38201467 PMCID: PMC10777914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has emerged as the most promising immunotherapy for cancer that typically uses patients' T cells and genetically engineered them to target cancer cells. Although recent improvements in CAR-T-cell therapy have shown remarkable success for treating hematological malignancies, the heterogeneity in tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its efficacy in solid tumors. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made to make CAR-T-cell therapy more effective and have minimal side effects for treating hematological malignancies, more research needs to be conducted regarding its use in the clinic for treating various other types of cancer. The main concern for CAR-T-cell therapy is severe toxicities due to the cytokine release syndrome, whereas the other challenges are associated with complexity and immune-suppressing TME, tumor antigen heterogeneity, the difficulty of cell trafficking, CAR-T-cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxicity in the tumor site. This review discussed the latest discoveries in CAR-T-cell therapy strategies and combination therapies, as well as their effectiveness in different cancers. It also encompasses ongoing clinical trials; current challenges regarding the therapeutic use of CAR-T-cell therapy, especially for solid tumors; and evolving treatment strategies to improve the therapeutic application of CAR-T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Hani U, Gowda BHJ, Haider N, Ramesh K, Paul K, Ashique S, Ahmed MG, Narayana S, Mohanto S, Kesharwani P. Nanoparticle-Based Approaches for Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:233. [PMID: 37973643 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancer, also known as hematological malignancy, is one of the devastating types of cancer that has significantly paved its mortality mark globally. It persists as an extremely deadly cancer type and needs utmost attention owing to its negligible overall survival rate. Major challenges in the treatment of blood cancer include difficulties in early diagnosis, as well as severe side effects resulting from chemotherapy. In addition, immunotherapies and targeted therapies can be prohibitively expensive. Over the past two decades, scientists have devised a few nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems aimed at overcoming this challenge. These therapeutic strategies are engineered to augment the cellular uptake, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness of anticancer drugs. However, there are still numerous types of nanoparticles that could potentially improve the efficacy of blood cancer treatment, while also reducing treatment costs and mitigating drug-related side effects. To the best of our knowledge, there has been limited reviews published on the use of nano-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Therefore, we have made a concerted effort to provide a comprehensive review that draws upon recent literature and patents, with a focus on the most promising results regarding the use of nanoparticle-based approaches for the treatment of hematological malignancies. All these crucial points covered under a common title would significantly help researchers and scientists working in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kvrns Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, 11172, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713378, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abid N, Bohamad AH, Aljohar HI, Al Battat BS, Altaher YY, Alateeq AE, Alarfaj MO, Aljeezan M, AlBashrawi AS, Al Jizan A. Knowledge and Awareness of Leukemia Among the Population of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e46382. [PMID: 37927646 PMCID: PMC10620110 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells that exceed their normal boundaries, infiltrating other body parts and leading to metastasis, a distinctive feature setting it apart from other diseases. Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, with nearly 10 million global fatalities, making it the leading cause of mortality. Leukemia, a type of cancer originating in the bone marrow or blood cells, presents significant complications and is associated with various risk factors, including a positive family history, smoking, and obesity. This study aims to evaluate the general knowledge of leukemia and its associated risks among the inhabitants of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting all residents of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, who were Saudi nationals, spanning both genders and aged 15 to 59 years. The questionnaire was distributed electronically through social networking applications, and responses were collected via Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, CA). RESULTS The study findings indicated that the most frequently identified risk factors for leukemia included blood disorders, genetic disorders, and extensive exposure to radiation and chemicals. The most prevalent leukemia symptoms were bruising and bleeding, followed by vomiting, nausea, and headache. The most commonly reported side effects of leukemia treatment were dizziness, followed by anorexia and exhaustion. CONCLUSION The study revealed a lack of awareness about leukemia and its associated risks among participants. This underscores the need for continued educational initiatives and awareness campaigns to improve leukemia knowledge and early detection rates, potentially leading to better outcomes for affected individuals. Future research should aim to overcome study limitations and provide a broader perspective on leukemia awareness throughout Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Abid
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
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Whitaker KL, Boswell L, Russell J, Black GB, Harris J. The relationship between patient enablement and help-seeking in the context of blood cancer symptoms. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1223-1230. [PMID: 37199519 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approaches to improve earlier diagnosis of cancer often focus on symptom awareness as a key driver of help-seeking behaviour and other psychological influences are less well understood. This is the first study to explore the role of patient enablement on help-seeking for people experiencing potential blood cancer symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional, nationally representative survey was completed by 434 respondents (>18 years). Questions asked about symptom experiences, medical help-seeking and re-consultation. Existing patient enablement items were included in the newly developed Blood Cancer Awareness Measure. We collected data on patient socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Of those responding to the survey 224/434 (51.6%) reported experiencing at least one potential blood cancer symptom. Half of those experiencing symptoms (112/224) had sought medical help. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that higher scores on patient enablement were associated with being less likely to seek help (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.89, Confidence Interval [CI] 0.81-0.98) after controlling for socio-demographics. Separate analyses showed that higher enablement was associated with being more comfortable to re-consult if symptoms didn't go away or got worse (OR 1.31, CI 1.16-1.48); after a test result suggested there was nothing to worry about, but symptoms persisted (OR 1.23, CI 1.12-1.34) or to request further tests, scans or investigations (OR 1.31, CI 1.19-1.44). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypotheses, patient enablement was associated with lower likelihood of help-seeking for potential blood cancer symptoms. Yet enablement appears to play an important role in likelihood of re-consulting when symptoms persist, get worse or need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Boswell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Jessica Russell
- Department of Applied Health Research, UCL, London, UK
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Georgia B Black
- Department of Applied Health Research, UCL, London, UK
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Harris
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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Wright KB, Bylund CL, Vasquez TS, Mullis MD, Sae-Hau M, Weiss ES, Bagautdinova D, Fisher CL. Adult-Child Caregivers' Family Communication Experiences after an Older Parent's Blood Cancer Diagnosis: A Survey Exploring Their Openness, Avoidance, and Social Support. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3177. [PMID: 37370787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-child caregivers of an aging parent living with a blood cancer describe struggling to communicate with one another and within the family system. They may avoid critical care conversations, which may impede care and their ability to receive social support. We examined what approaches adult-child caregivers of a parent diagnosed with a blood cancer use to enhance their family communication, the topics they find most challenging to discuss, and the roles of openness and support. We used qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze data from a larger online survey study. In partnership with the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, we recruited 121 adult-child caregivers. Responses to one open-ended item were analyzed to capture strategies used to enhance communication with their parent and family. They reported utilizing digital communication modalities, prioritizing frequent communication, engaging in openness, establishing boundaries, kinkeeping, and enacting support. Within the quantitative data, we further explored two of these themes (openness and support) and their relationships to other variables using t-tests and regression analysis. Adult-child caregivers and diagnosed parents avoid talking about mortality and negative feelings. Openness in the family about cancer was linked to caregivers' perceptions of receiving social support. Findings demonstrate that cultivating openness between midlife adult children and diagnosed parents may enhance opportunities to receive support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Wright
- Department of Communication, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Carma L Bylund
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Taylor S Vasquez
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M Devyn Mullis
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maria Sae-Hau
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY 10573, USA
| | - Elisa S Weiss
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY 10573, USA
| | - Diliara Bagautdinova
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Carla L Fisher
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rodríguez-Macías G, Briz O, Cives-Losada C, Chillón MC, Martínez-Laperche C, Martínez-Arranz I, Buño I, González-Díaz M, Díez-Martín JL, Marin JJG, Macias RIR. Role of Intracellular Drug Disposition in the Response of Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Cytarabine and Idarubicin Induction Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3145. [PMID: 37370755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its often low efficacy and high toxicity, the standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and idarubicin. Here, we have investigated the role of transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in this poor outcome. The expression levels (RT-qPCR) of potentially responsible genes in blasts collected at diagnosis were related to the subsequent response to two-cycle induction chemotherapy. The high expression of uptake carriers (ENT2), export ATP-binding cassette (ABC) pumps (MDR1), and enzymes (DCK, 5-NT, and CDA) in the blasts was associated with a lower response. Moreover, the sensitivity to cytarabine in AML cell lines was associated with ENT2 expression, whereas the expression of ABC pumps and enzymes was reduced. No ability of any AML cell line to export idarubicin through the ABC pumps, MDR1 and MRP, was found. The exposure of AML cells to cytarabine or idarubicin upregulated the detoxifying enzymes (5-NT and DCK). In AML patients, 5-NT and DCK expression was associated with the lack of response to induction chemotherapy (high sensitivity and specificity). In conclusion, in the blasts of AML patients, the reduction of the intracellular concentration of the active metabolite of cytarabine, mainly due to the increased expression of inactivating enzymes, can determine the response to induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rodríguez-Macías
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Candela Cives-Losada
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María C Chillón
- Hematology, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca University Hospital, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- CIBER in Oncology (CIBER-ONC), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Martínez-Laperche
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Buño
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos González-Díaz
- Hematology, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca University Hospital, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- CIBER in Oncology (CIBER-ONC), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Díez-Martín
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Black GB, Boswell L, Harris J, Whitaker KL. What causes delays in diagnosing blood cancers? A rapid review of the evidence. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2023; 24:e26. [PMID: 37039465 PMCID: PMC10156470 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423623000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We undertook a rapid review of literature relating to the diagnosis of blood cancers, to find out what factors contribute to delays in diagnosis, including symptom recognition, appraisal and help-seeking behaviours. METHODS We used rapid review methodology following Tricco et al. to synthesise current literature from two electronic databases. We searched for studies about symptom appraisal help-seeking for all blood cancers published between 2001 and 2021, written in English. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the review, of which 10 were published in the United Kingdom. We found a number of factors associated with delays in blood cancer diagnosis. These included patient factors such as gender, age and ethnicity, as well as health system factors such as poor communication and seeing a locum clinician in primary care. A narrative synthesis of the evidence produced four types of symptom interpretation by patients: (1) symptoms compatible with normal state of health, (2) event-linked problems, (3) mild or chronic illness and (4) non-specific unwell state. These four interpretations were linked to different help-seeking behaviours. After seeking help, patients often experienced delays due to healthcare professionals' (HCPs') non-serious interpretation of symptoms, misleading blood tests, discontinuity of care and other barriers in the diagnostic pathway. CONCLUSION Blood cancers are difficult to diagnose due to non-specific heterogeneous symptoms, and this is reflected in how those symptoms are interpreted by patients and managed by HCPs. It is important to understand how different interpretations affect delays in help-seeking, and what HCPs can do to support timely follow-up for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia B. Black
- Reader in Applied Health Research, Wolfson Institute of Population Health,
Queen Mary University of London, London,
UK
| | - Laura Boswell
- PhD student, School of Health Sciences, University of
Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jenny Harris
- Senior Lecturer in Cancer Care, School of Health Sciences,
University of Surrey, Guildford,
UK
| | - Katriina L. Whitaker
- Professor of Psychology and Lead for Cancer Care, School of Health
Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford,
UK
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12
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Bagautdinova D, Bacharz KC, Bylund CL, Sae-Hau M, Weiss ES, Rajotte M, Lincoln G, Vasquez TS, Parker ND, Wright KB, Fisher CL. Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Caregiving and Related Resource Needs. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041648. [PMID: 36836183 PMCID: PMC9965960 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) caregivers play a central role in disease management-a role that has been heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic given the healthcare system's reliance on frontline family caregivers and CLL patients' increased risk of infection and mortality. Using a mixed-method design, we investigated the impact of the pandemic on CLL caregivers (Aim 1) and their perceived resource needs (Aim 2): 575 CLL caregivers responded to an online survey; 12 spousal CLL caregivers were interviewed. Two open-ended survey items were thematically analyzed and compared with interview findings. Aim 1 results showed that two years into the pandemic, CLL caregivers continue to struggle with coping with distress, living in isolation, and losing in-person care opportunities. Caregivers described experiencing increasing caregiving burden, realizing the vaccine may not work or didn't work for their loved one with CLL, feeling cautiously hopeful about EVUSHELD, and dealing with unsupportive/skeptical individuals. Aim 2 results indicate that CLL caregivers needed reliable, ongoing information about COVID-19 risk, information about and access to vaccination, safety/precautionary measures, and monoclonal infusions. Findings illustrate ongoing challenges facing CLL caregivers and provide an agenda to better support the caregivers of this vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diliara Bagautdinova
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kelsey C. Bacharz
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carma L. Bylund
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maria Sae-Hau
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY 10573, USA
| | - Elisa S. Weiss
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY 10573, USA
| | | | - Greg Lincoln
- P.K. Younge Developmental Research School, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Taylor S. Vasquez
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Naomi D. Parker
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin B. Wright
- Department of Communication, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Carla L. Fisher
- Department of Advertising, College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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13
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An J, Ko M. Epigenetic Modification of Cytosines in Hematopoietic Differentiation and Malignant Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36675240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian DNA methylation landscape is established and maintained by the combined activities of the two key epigenetic modifiers, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and Ten-eleven-translocation (TET) enzymes. Once DNMTs produce 5-methylcytosine (5mC), TET proteins fine-tune the DNA methylation status by consecutively oxidizing 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidized derivatives. The 5mC and oxidized methylcytosines are essential for the maintenance of cellular identity and function during differentiation. Cytosine modifications with DNMT and TET enzymes exert pleiotropic effects on various aspects of hematopoiesis, including self-renewal of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), lineage determination, differentiation, and function. Under pathological conditions, these enzymes are frequently dysregulated, leading to loss of function. In particular, the loss of DNMT3A and TET2 function is conspicuous in diverse hematological disorders, including myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, and causally related to clonal hematopoiesis and malignant transformation. Here, we update recent advances in understanding how the maintenance of DNA methylation homeostasis by DNMT and TET proteins influences normal hematopoiesis and malignant transformation, highlighting the potential impact of DNMT3A and TET2 dysregulation on clonal dominance and evolution of pre-leukemic stem cells to full-blown malignancies. Clarification of the normal and pathological functions of DNA-modifying epigenetic regulators will be crucial to future innovations in epigenetic therapies for treating hematological disorders.
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14
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Agrawal N, Bhurani D, Ahmed R, Sharma M. Prevalence of Anemia among Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib: A Evidence-based Meta-analysis. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 18:148-157. [PMID: 35293301 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220315144253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib is one of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The exact association of imatinib with anemia in CML patients is still unclear. AIM The current study aimed to find the prevalence of anemia in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib. METHODS The relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Google scholar, and Clinical trials registries till 31st July, 2021. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The prevalence rate with 95% CI was calculated using StatsDirect Statistical analysis software V.3. RESULTS A total of 18 studies containing 3537 patients were found relevant for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia in CML was found to be 34% (95% CI: 23%-46%). However, the heterogeneity among studies was found to be high. CONCLUSION The monitoring of hemoglobin levels and identifying the cause of anemia are major concerns for the CML patients treated with Imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology), School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Puspvihar Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Narendra Agrawal
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Rayaz Ahmed
- Department of Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, and Research Centre, Sector - 5, Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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15
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Lotfi N, Yousefi Z, Golabi M, Khalilian P, Ghezelbash B, Montazeri M, Shams MH, Baghbadorani PZ, Eskandari N. The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1077531. [PMID: 36926328 PMCID: PMC10011078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1077531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Marjan Golabi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalilian
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Montazeri
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Shams
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Abstract
Mucosal microbiotas and their role in stem cell transplantation. Patients with hematological disorders such as leukemia often undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and thereby receive stem cells from a donor for curation of disease. This procedure also involves immunosuppressive and antimicrobial treatments that disturb the important interactions between the microbiota and the immune system, especially at mucosal sites. After transplantation, bacterial diversity decreases together with a depletion of Clostridia, and shifts toward predominance of Proteobacteria. Infectious and inflammatory complications, such as graft-versus-host disease, also interfere with patient recovery. This review collects and contextualizes current knowledge of the role of mucosal microbiotas at different body sites in stem cell transplantation, proposes underlying mechanisms, and discusses potential clinical value of bacterial markers for improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Research Group for Genomic EpidemiologyTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark,Department of Bacteria, Parasites and FungiStatens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sünje Johanna Pamp
- Research Group for Genomic EpidemiologyTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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17
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Poczta A, Krzeczyński P, Ionov M, Rogalska A, Gaipl US, Marczak A, Lubgan D. Newly Synthesized Melphalan Analogs Induce DNA Damage and Mitotic Catastrophe in Hematological Malignant Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloablative therapy with highdoses of the cytostatic drug melphalan (MEL) in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation is the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Melphalan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that covalently binds to nucleophilic sites in the DNA and effective in the treatment, but unfortunately has limited therapeutic benefit. Therefore, new approaches are urgently needed for patients who are resistant to existing standard treatment with MEL. Regulating the pharmacological activity of drug molecules by modifying their structure is one method for improving their effectiveness. The purpose of this work was to analyze the physicochemical and biological properties of newly synthesized melphalan derivatives (EE-MEL, EM-MEL, EM-MOR-MEL, EM-I-MEL, EM-T-MEL) obtained through the esterification of the carboxyl group and the replacement of the the amino group with an amidine group. Compounds were selected based on our previous studies for their improved anticancer properties in comparison with the original drug. For this, we first evaluated the physicochemical properties using the circular dichroism technique, then analyzed the zeta potential and the hydrodynamic diameters of the particles. Then, the in vitro biological properties of the analogs were tested on multiple myeloma (RPMI8226), acute monocytic leukemia (THP1), and promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells as model systems for hematological malignant cells. DNA damage was assessed by immunostaining γH2AX, cell cycle distribution changes by propidium iodide (PI) staining, and cell death by the activation of caspase 2. We proved that the newly synthesized derivatives, in particular EM-MOR-MEL and EM-T-MEL, affected the B-DNA conformation, thus increasing the DNA damage. As a result of the DNA changes, the cell cycle was arrested in the S and G2/M phases. The cell death occurred by activating a mitotic catastrophe. Our investigations suggest that the analogs EM-MOR-MEL and EM-T-MEL have better anti-cancer activity in multiple myeloma cells than the currently used melphalan.
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18
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Kotmayer L, Romero‐Moya D, Marin‐Bejar O, Kozyra E, Català A, Bigas A, Wlodarski MW, Bödör C, Giorgetti A. GATA2 deficiency and MDS/AML: Experimental strategies for disease modelling and future therapeutic prospects. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:482-495. [PMID: 35753998 PMCID: PMC9796058 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of predisposition to leukaemia in clinical practice is being increasingly recognized. This is emphasized by the establishment of a novel WHO disease category in 2016 called "myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition". A major syndrome within this group is GATA2 deficiency, a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome with a very high lifetime risk to develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). GATA2 deficiency has been identified as the most common hereditary cause of MDS in adolescents with monosomy 7. Allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option; however, chances of survival decrease with progression of immunodeficiency and MDS evolution. Penetrance and expressivity within families carrying GATA2 mutations is often variable, suggesting that co-operating extrinsic events are required to trigger the disease. Predictive tools are lacking, and intrafamilial heterogeneity is poorly understood; hence there is a clear unmet medical need. On behalf of the ERAPerMed GATA2 HuMo consortium, in this review we describe the genetic, clinical, and biological aspects of familial GATA2-related MDS, highlighting the importance of developing robust disease preclinical models to improve early detection and clinical decision-making of GATA2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kotmayer
- HCEMM‐SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Damia Romero‐Moya
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Oskar Marin‐Bejar
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Emilia Kozyra
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Albert Català
- Department of Hematology and OncologyInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuHospital Sant Joan de DeuBarcelonaSpain,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare DiseasesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research ProgramInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del MarBarcelonaSpain,Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), BadalonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Department of HematologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM‐SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain,Fondazione Pisana Per la Scienza ONLUS (FPS)San Giuliano TermeItaly,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesBarcelona UniversityBarcelonaSpain
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19
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Fendler A, Shepherd STC, Au L, Wu M, Harvey R, Wilkinson KA, Schmitt AM, Tippu Z, Shum B, Farag S, Rogiers A, Carlyle E, Edmonds K, Del Rosario L, Lingard K, Mangwende M, Holt L, Ahmod H, Korteweg J, Foley T, Barber T, Emslie-Henry A, Caulfield-Lynch N, Byrne F, Deng D, Kjaer S, Song OR, Queval CJ, Kavanagh C, Wall EC, Carr EJ, Caidan S, Gavrielides M, MacRae JI, Kelly G, Peat K, Kelly D, Murra A, Kelly K, O'Flaherty M, Shea RL, Gardner G, Murray D, Popat S, Yousaf N, Jhanji S, Tatham K, Cunningham D, Van As N, Young K, Furness AJS, Pickering L, Beale R, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Gamblin S, Bauer DLV, Kassiotis G, Howell M, Nicholson E, Walker S, Wilkinson RJ, Larkin J, Turajlic S. Functional immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern after fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose or infection in patients with blood cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100781. [PMID: 36240755 PMCID: PMC9513326 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with blood cancer continue to have a greater risk of inadequate immune responses following three COVID-19 vaccine doses and risk of severe COVID-19 disease. In the context of the CAPTURE study (NCT03226886), we report immune responses in 80 patients with blood cancer who received a fourth dose of BNT162b2. We measured neutralizing antibody titers (NAbTs) using a live virus microneutralization assay against wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and T cell responses against WT and Omicron BA.1 using an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay. The proportion of patients with detectable NAb titers and T cell responses after the fourth vaccine dose increased compared with that after the third vaccine dose. Patients who received B cell-depleting therapies within the 12 months before vaccination have the greatest risk of not having detectable NAbT. In addition, we report immune responses in 57 patients with breakthrough infections after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Fendler
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Scott T C Shepherd
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lewis Au
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Mary Wu
- COVID Surveillance Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Katalin A Wilkinson
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Andreas M Schmitt
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zayd Tippu
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Benjamin Shum
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sheima Farag
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Aljosja Rogiers
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Eleanor Carlyle
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kim Edmonds
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lyra Del Rosario
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Karla Lingard
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Mary Mangwende
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lucy Holt
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Hamid Ahmod
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Justine Korteweg
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Tara Foley
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Taja Barber
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Fiona Byrne
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Daqi Deng
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Structural Biology Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ok-Ryul Song
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christophe J Queval
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caitlin Kavanagh
- COVID Surveillance Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma C Wall
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Edward J Carr
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simon Caidan
- Safety, Health & Sustainability, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mike Gavrielides
- Scientific Computing Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kema Peat
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Denise Kelly
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Aida Murra
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kayleigh Kelly
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Molly O'Flaherty
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Robyn L Shea
- Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 1AT, UK; Translational Cancer Biochemistry Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Gail Gardner
- Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Darren Murray
- Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Nadia Yousaf
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Acute Oncology Service, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Shaman Jhanji
- Anaesthetics, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kate Tatham
- Anaesthetics, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Nicholas Van As
- Clincal Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kate Young
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrew J S Furness
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lisa Pickering
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegeneration Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Steve Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David L V Bauer
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma Nicholson
- Haemato-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Haemato-oncology Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Susanna Walker
- Anaesthetics, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 0NN, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK.
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20
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Thompson MA, Hallmeyer S, Fitzpatrick VE, Liao Y, Mullane MP, Medlin SC, Copeland K, Weese JL. Real-World Third COVID-19 Vaccine Dosing and Antibody Response in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2022; 9:149-157. [PMID: 35935520 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to describe the changes in immune response to a third dose of either Pfizer's or Moderna's COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (3V) among patients with hematologic malignancies, as well as associated characteristics. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed pre-3V and post-3V data on 493 patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies across a large Midwestern health system between August 28, 2021, and November 1, 2021. For antibody testing, S1 spike antigen of the SARS-CoV-2 virus titer was used to determine serostatus. Results Among 493 participants, 274 (55.6%) were seropositive both pre- and post-3V (+/+) while 115 (23.3%) seroconverted to positive from prior negative following the third dose (-/+). The remaining 104 (21.1%) were seronegative both before and after 3V (-/-). No participant was seropositive pre-3V and seronegative post-3V (+/-). Results showed a statistically significant increase in the proportion of seropositivity after receiving a third COVID-19 vaccine (P<0.00001). Response to 3V was significantly associated with the 3V vaccine type (P=0.0006), previous COVID-19 infection (P=0.0453), and malignancy diagnosis (P<0.0001). Likelihood of seroconversion (-/+) after 3V was higher in the group of patients with multiple myeloma or related disorders compared to patients with lymphoid leukemias (odds ratio: 8.22, 95% CI: 2.12-31.79; P=0.0008). Conclusions A third COVID-19 vaccination is effective in producing measurable seroconversion in many patients with hematologic malignancies. Oncologists should actively encourage all their patients, especially those with multiple myeloma, to receive a 3V, given the high likelihood of seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yunqi Liao
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
| | | | | | | | - James L Weese
- Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI.,Hematology/Oncology, Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL
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21
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Bylund CL, Wollney EN, Campbell-Salome G, Applebaum AJ, Paige SR, DeGruccio K, Weiss E, Sae-Hau M, Arnold J, Durante D, Amin TB, Hampton CN, Fisher CL. Improving Clinical and Family Communication for Adult Child Caregivers of a Parent With a Blood Cancer: Single-Arm Pre-Post Pilot Intervention. JMIR Cancer 2022; 8:e38722. [PMID: 35788019 PMCID: PMC9297135 DOI: 10.2196/38722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult child caregivers of parents with cancer may face challenges when communicating with the patient and other family members, communicating during clinical interactions, and navigating web-based information seeking. Objective We developed and pilot-tested the Healthy Communication Practice program for adult child caregivers of parents with a blood cancer, which aims to help participants learn and implement communication skills central to caregiving. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the training. Methods Eligible participants completed a preprogram survey. We assessed the feasibility of participants completing the intervention in the allotted time. Participants had 2 weeks to complete the 2-part, 90-minute online program and completed a postprogram survey that included program evaluation items and the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) using a 1-5 rating scale (5=strongly agree). Results Of 50 caregivers who initially expressed interest, 34 consented, and 30 completed the program and both surveys (88% completion rate). Caregivers had a mean age of 45.07 (SD 11.96) years and provided care for parents who had a mean age of 73.31 (SD 9.38) years. Caregivers were primarily daughters (n=22, 73%). Overall, scores on the AIM scale were high (mean 4.48, SD 0.67). Specifically, caregivers felt the content met their communication needs (mean 4.58, SD 0.62) and their own needs as a caregiver of a parent with a blood cancer (mean 4.39, SD 0.72). Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the Healthy Communication Practice program, which aims to enhance family and clinical communication skills among caregivers of a parent with a blood cancer. Future studies will examine the efficacy of the program and its impact on both caregiver and patient communication and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carma L Bylund
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Easton N Wollney
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Samantha R Paige
- STEM Translational Communication Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kennan DeGruccio
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Weiss
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY, United States
| | - Maria Sae-Hau
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jason Arnold
- E-Learning, Technology and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Domenic Durante
- E-Learning, Technology and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tithi B Amin
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chelsea N Hampton
- Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carla L Fisher
- Department of Advertising, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Boland V, Drury A, Sheaf G, Brady AM. Living with or beyond lymphoma: A rapid review of the unmet needs of lymphoma survivors. Psychooncology 2022; 31:1076-1101. [PMID: 35670252 PMCID: PMC9545574 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish an understanding of the unmet needs of people living with or beyond a lymphoma diagnosis. Survivors of lymphoma are at increased risk of unmet needs due to cancer, treatment‐related toxicities and extended survivorship. Despite the rapidly growing numbers of lymphoma survivors, their needs and research priorities are underserved and undervalued, therefore left largely unaddressed. Methods A rapid review method and reflexive thematic analysis approach assimilated current knowledge. Eligibility criteria included quantitative, qualitative, or mixed approaches employing cross‐sectional, longitudinal, cohort or review designs focused on the needs of adult lymphoma survivors (any subtype or stage of disease). Five databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo and Scopus, were systematically searched. Results Forty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria via a stringent screening process facilitated by NVivo. Almost 60 per cent of articles were published within the last five years and investigated a homogenous lymphoma sample. Most studies employed quantitative approaches (77%) and cross‐sectional designs (67%). Studies were of high methodological quality. Five major themes were identified: disparity in health service delivery, the psychological impact of cancer, impactful and debilitating concerns, the monetary cost of survival and insufficient provision of survivorship information. A meta‐analytical approach was not feasible due to the breadth of methodologies of included studies. Conclusions This review shows that lymphoma survivors experience a myriad of unmet needs across multiple domains, reinforcing the need for lymphoma‐specific research. However, more research is needed to advance and achieve informed decision‐making relating to survivorship care, placing due attention to the needs and research priorities of lymphoma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Boland
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, D02 T283
| | - Amanda Drury
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, D04 V1W8
| | - Greg Sheaf
- The Library of Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Brady
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, D02 T283
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23
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Tsilingiris D, Nasiri-Ansari N, Spyrou N, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Management of Hematologic Malignancies in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Impact of Obesity, Perspectives, and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2494. [PMID: 35626099 PMCID: PMC9139192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented societal and healthcare system crisis, considerably affecting healthcare workers and patients, particularly those with chronic diseases. Patients with hematologic malignancies faced a variety of challenges, pertinent to the nature of an underlying hematologic disorder itself as well as its therapy as a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, suboptimal vaccine efficacy and the need for uninterrupted medical observation and continued therapy. Obesity constitutes another factor which was acknowledged since the early days of the pandemic that predisposed people to severe COVID-19, and shares a likely causal link with the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of hematologic cancers. We review here the epidemiologic and pathogenetic features that obesity and hematologic malignancies share, as well as potential mutual pathophysiological links predisposing people to a more severe SARS-CoV-2 course. Additionally, we attempt to present the existing evidence on the multi-faceted crucial challenges that had to be overcome in this diverse patient group and discuss further unresolved questions and future challenges for the management of hematologic malignancies in the era of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 St Thomas Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece
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24
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Shah DP, Shah PK, Thompson MA. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in patients with hematologic malignancy. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13850. [PMID: 35584967 PMCID: PMC9348445 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID‐19 vaccine response → HM<solid Breakthrough infections → HM>solid Vaccine effectiveness → Population studies urgently needed Early #COVID19CP could be lifesaving in immunocompromised HM pts
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpy P. Shah
- Mays Cancer Center at UTHealth San Antonio MD Anderson
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25
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Hussain Y, Abdullah, Alsharif KF, Aschner M, Theyab A, Khan F, Saso L, Khan H. Therapeutic Role of Carotenoids in Blood Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Nutrients 2022; 14:1949. [PMID: 35565917 PMCID: PMC9104383 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancers are characterized by pathological disorders causing uncontrolled hematological cell division. Various strategies were previously explored for the treatment of blood cancers, including chemotherapy, Car-T therapy, targeting chimeric antigen receptors, and platelets therapy. However, all these therapies pose serious challenges that limit their use in blood cancer therapy, such as poor metabolism. Furthermore, the solubility and stability of anticancer drugs limit efficacy and bio-distribution and cause toxicity. The isolation and purification of natural killer cells during Car-T cell therapy is a major challenge. To cope with these challenges, treatment strategies from phyto-medicine scaffolds have been evaluated for blood cancer treatments. Carotenoids represent a versatile class of phytochemical that offer therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer, and specifically blood cancer. Carotenoids, through various signaling pathways and mechanisms, such as the activation of AMPK, expression of autophagy biochemical markers (p62/LC3-II), activation of Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaaling pathway, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), increased level of reactive oxygen species, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), c-caspase-3, -7, decreased level of Bcl-xL, cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and decreasing STAT3 expression results in apoptosis induction and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. This review article focuses the therapeutic potential of carotenoids in blood cancers, addressing various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Lab of Controlled Release and Drug Delivery System, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Bharakahu, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 14799, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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26
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Erdogan F, Radu TB, Orlova A, Qadree AK, de Araujo ED, Israelian J, Valent P, Mustjoki SM, Herling M, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. JAK-STAT core cancer pathway: An integrative cancer interactome analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2049-2062. [PMID: 35229974 PMCID: PMC8980946 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a comprehensive review and in silico analysis of reported data on STAT-linked diseases, we analysed the communication pathways and interactome of the seven STATs in major cancer categories and proposed rational targeting approaches for therapeutic intervention to disrupt critical pathways and addictions to hyperactive JAK/STAT in neoplastic states. Although all STATs follow a similar molecular activation pathway, STAT1, STAT2, STAT4 and STAT6 exert specific biological profiles associated with a more restricted pattern of activation by cytokines. STAT3 and STAT5A as well as STAT5B have pleiotropic roles in the body and can act as critical oncogenes that promote many processes involved in cancer development. STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 also possess tumour suppressive action in certain mutational and cancer type context. Here, we demonstrated member-specific STAT activity in major cancer types. Through systems biology approaches, we found surprising roles for EGFR family members, sex steroid hormone receptor ESR1 interplay with oncogenic STAT function and proposed new drug targeting approaches of oncogenic STAT pathway addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fettah Erdogan
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tudor Bogdan Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Abdul Khawazak Qadree
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elvin Dominic de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and HemostaseologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Satu M. Mustjoki
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and HematologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research UnitHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and HemostaseologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Thomas Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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27
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Campbell-Salome G, Fisher CL, Wright KB, Lincoln G, Applebaum AJ, Sae-Hau M, Weiss ES, Bylund CL. Impact of the family communication environment on burden and clinical communication in blood cancer caregiving. Psychooncology 2022; 31:1212-1220. [PMID: 35218278 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of the family communication environment (conversation orientation) on adult child caregivers' burden and clinical interactions and if the effects are mediated by openness to communicate about cancer, avoidant cancer communication, and social support. METHOD Caregivers of a parent diagnosed with a blood cancer (N = 121) completed an online survey of validated measures of conversation orientation (i.e., the extent to which families openly communicate), social support, cancer openness, avoidance, caregiver burden, clinical communication skills, and quality of clinical interactions. RESULTS Conversation orientation had significant indirect effects on caregiver burden, mediated by social support (β = -0.11, p < .001), as well as cancer openness and avoidance (β = -0.07, p < .001). Conversation orientation also had significant indirect effects on caregivers' communication skills with a parent's clinician, mediated by avoidance (β = 0.08, p < .01) and social support (β = 0.06, p < .001). Finally, conversation orientation had significant indirect effects on caregivers' quality of clinical interactions mediated by avoidance (β = 0.71, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Adult child caregivers whose families communicate more openly exhibit less caregiver burden and report better clinical interaction skills and perceived quality of the clinical interaction. Avoidance emerged as a key mediating factor. Caregivers from less open communication environments may benefit from interventions that help them navigate challenging but critical caregiving conversations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemme Campbell-Salome
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, 118400, Gainesville, FL, United States, 32611.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, US, United States, 17822
| | - Carla L Fisher
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, 118400, Gainesville, FL, United States, 32611
| | - Kevin B Wright
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, US, United States, 22030
| | - Greg Lincoln
- P.K. Younge Developmental Research School, University of Florida, Gainesville, US, United States, 32501
| | - Allison J Applebaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 10022
| | - Maria Sae-Hau
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, US, United States, 10573
| | - Elisa S Weiss
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, US, United States, 10573
| | - Carma L Bylund
- Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, US, United States, 32610
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28
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Darbà J, Marsà A. Hospital incidence and medical costs of polycythemia vera in Spain: a retrospective database analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2022; 22:965-970. [PMID: 35034517 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.2029413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera (PV) is one of the most common chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, yet, little data is available on the epidemiology of PV in Spain and the costs of its management. This study aimed to evaluate the hospital incidence and mortality rate of PV in Spain, and to estimate hospital medical costs. METHODS Hospital admission records of patients with PV registered between 2005 and 2019 were obtained from a Spanish hospital discharge database and analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study. RESULTS Admission files of 490 patients were reviewed. Median age was 74 years; patients presented numerous conditions associated to age, namely hypertension, diabetes or anemia. Hospital mortality rate was associated to pulmonary heart disease, respiratory conditions and kidney disease. Most of the files analyzed corresponded to inpatient admissions; hospital incidence decreased over the study period in patients over 60 years. Median admission cost was €5580, increasing in patients deceased during the hospitalization. Admission cost increased significantly between 2006 and 2011. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an evaluation of hospital management and costs of PV in Spain. Future studies should focus on the revision of disease management in the country and measuring total medical costs, which could be higher than global estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Darbà
- Department of Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 696, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marsà
- Department of Health Economics, BCN Health Economics & Outcomes Research S.L. Travessera de Gràcia, 62, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
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Judickas Š, Stasiūnaitis R, Žučenka A, Žvirblis T, Šerpytis M, Šipylaitė J. Outcomes and Risk Factors of Critically Ill Patients with Hematological Malignancy. Prospective Single-Centre Observational Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:medicina57121317. [PMID: 34946262 PMCID: PMC8707137 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oncohematological patients have a high risk of mortality when they need treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of our study is to analyze the outcomes of oncohemathological patients admitted to the ICU and their risk factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective single-center observational study was performed with 114 patients from July 2017 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were transfer to an ICU, hematological malignancy, age >18 years, a central line or arterial line inserted or planned to be inserted, and a signed informed consent form. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the potential risk factors for ICU mortality. Results: ICU mortality was 44.74%. Invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU was used for 55.26% of the patients, and vasoactive drugs were used for 77.19% of patients. Factors independently associated with it were qSOFA score ≥2, increase of SOFA score over the first 48 h, mechanical ventilation on the first day in ICU, need for colistin therapy, lower arterial pH on arrival to ICU. Cut-off value of the noradrenaline dose associated with ICU mortality was 0.21 μg/kg/min with a ROC of 0.9686 (95% CI 0.93-1.00, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Mortality of oncohematological patients in the ICU is high and it is associated with progression of organ dysfunction over the first 48 h in ICU, invasive mechanical ventilation and need for relatively low dose of noradrenaline. Despite our findings, we do not recommend making decisions regarding treatment limitations for patients who have reached cut-off dose of noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šarūnas Judickas
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (J.Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raimundas Stasiūnaitis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21/27, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Andrius Žučenka
- Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Tadas Žvirblis
- Department of Mechanics and Material Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius, J. Basanaviciaus Str. 28, 03224 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Šerpytis
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jūratė Šipylaitė
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (J.Š.)
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Nasori N, Farahdina U, Zulfa VZ, Firdhaus M, Aziz I, Darsono D, Cao D, Wang Z, Endarko E, Rubiyanto A. A Comparison between Silver Nanosquare Arrays and Silver Thin-Films as a Blood Cancer Prognosis Monitoring Electrode Design Using Optical and Electrochemical Characterization. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3108. [PMID: 34835873 PMCID: PMC8625830 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of silver (Ag) thin films and the fabrication of Ag nanosquare arrays with the use of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and leaf extracts were successfully carried out using the DC sputtering and spin coating deposition methods. Ag thin films and Ag nanosquare arrays are developed to monitor cancer prognosis due to the correlation between serum albumin levels and prognostic factors, as well as the binding of serum albumin to the surface of these electrodes. Nanosquare structures were fabricated using AAO templates with varying diameters and a gap distance between adjacent unit cells of 100 nm. The nanosquare array with a diameter of 250 nm and irradiated with electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of around 800 nm possessed the greatest electric field distribution compared to the other variations of diameters and wavelengths. The results of the absorption measurement and simulation showed a greater shift in absorption peak wavelength when carried out using the Ag nanosquare array. The absorption peak wavelengths of the Ag nanosquare array in normal blood and blood with cancer lymphocytes were 700-774 nm and 800-850 nm, respectively. The electrochemical test showed that the sensitivity values of the Ag thin-film electrode deposited using DC sputtering, the Ag thin-film electrode deposited using spin coating, and the Ag nanosquare array in detecting PBS+BSA concentration in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiment were 1.308 µA mM-1cm-2, 0.022 µA mM-1cm-2, and 39.917 µA mM-1cm-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity values of the Ag thin film and the Ag nanosquare array in detecting the PBS+BSA concentration in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement were 6593.76 Ohm·cm2/mM and 69,000 Ohm·cm2/mM, respectively. Thus, our analysis of the optical and electrochemical characteristics of Ag thin films and Ag nanosquare arrays showed that both can be used as an alternative biomedical technology to monitor the prognosis of blood cancer based on the concentration of serum albumin in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasori Nasori
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
- Occupational and Safety Department, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60237, Indonesia
| | - Ulya Farahdina
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Vinda Zakiyatuz Zulfa
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Miftakhul Firdhaus
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Ihwanul Aziz
- Center for Accelerator Sciences and Technology, Yogykarta 60101, Indonesia; (I.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Darsono Darsono
- Center for Accelerator Sciences and Technology, Yogykarta 60101, Indonesia; (I.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jiangsu, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Semiconductor Materials Science Key Laboratory, Semiconductors Institute, Chinese Sciences Academy, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Endarko Endarko
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Agus Rubiyanto
- Laboratory Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytic, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (U.F.); (V.Z.Z.); (M.F.); (E.E.); (A.R.)
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Mehtani D, Puri N. Steering Mast Cells or Their Mediators as a Prospective Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731323. [PMID: 34631562 PMCID: PMC8497976 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells require signaling and close interaction with their microenvironment for their survival and proliferation. In the recent years, Mast cells have earned a greater importance for their presence and role in cancers. It is known that mast cells are attracted towards tumor microenvironment by secreted soluble chemotactic factors. Mast cells seem to exert a pro-tumorigenic role in hematological malignancies with a few exceptions where they showed anti-cancerous role. This dual role of mast cells in tumor growth and survival may be dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the particular tumor, differences in tumor microenvironment according to tumor type, and the interactions and heterogeneity of mediators released by mast cells in the tumor microenvironment. In many studies, Mast cells and their mediators have been shown to affect tumor survival and growth, prognosis, inflammation, tumor vascularization and angiogenesis. Modulating mast cell accumulation, viability, activity and mediator release patterns may thus be important in controlling these malignancies. In this review, we emphasize on the role of mast cells in lymphoid malignancies and discuss strategies for targeting and steering mast cells or their mediators as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Puri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
The importance of health-related quality of life and its determinants including
physical, emotional, and functional domains has long been recognized among blood
cancer patients in the developed world but this concept is still in infancy in
developing countries, including Pakistan. The objective of the study was to
assess health related quality of life among blood cancer patients. A descriptive
cross-sectional study design was used. A pre-validated questionnaire that is
EORTC-QLQ-C30 was self-administered to a sample of 400 blood cancer patients
selected using convenience sampling technique. After data collection, data was
cleaned, coded, and entered in SPSS. Descriptive statistics comprising of
frequency and percentages were calculated. Non-parametric tests Kruskal Wallis
and Mann Whitney tests (P ≤ .05) were performed to find out the
differences among different variables. The results highlighted that lowest
scores for EORTC-QLQ-C30 were observed in the domain of emotional functioning
(3.38, ±35.790), followed by cognitive function (4.56, ±30.368) whereas highest
scores were observed in the domain of physical functioning (40.92, ±35.484).
Significant difference (P ≤ .05) was observed among different
domains of health-related quality of life of blood cancer patients treated in
different sectors, provinces, setting, gender, and with different comorbidities.
The present study concluded that blood cancer patients had poor health related
quality of life in Pakistan. Emotional functioning and cognitive function were
the most compromised health related quality of life domains among blood cancer
patients. Females having blood cancer, those patients treated in private sector
healthcare facilities, patients residing in tribal and rural setting had
relatively better health related quality of life. No appropriate psychosocial
care program for the blood cancer patients are available in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifrah Rizwan
- Hamdard University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Amaza I, Kalra H, Eberlein M, Jethava Y, McDonell J, Wolfe B, Tomasson MH, Bates ML. Case Studies in Physiology: Untangling the cause of hypoxemia in a patient with obesity with acute leukemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:788-793. [PMID: 33955261 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00867.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing the cause of hypoxemia and dyspnea can be complicated in complex patients with multiple comorbidities. This "Case Study in Physiology" describes an man with obesity admitted to the hospital for relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who experienced progressive hypoxemia, shortness of breath, and dyspnea on exertion during his hospitalization. After initial empirical treatment with diuresis and antibiotics failed to improve his symptoms and because an arterial blood gas measurement was not readily available, we applied a novel, recently described physiological method to estimate the arterial partial pressure of oxygen from the peripheral saturation measurement and calculate the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference to discern the source of his hypoxemia and dyspnea. Using basic physiological principles, we describe how hypoventilation, anemia, and the use of a β blocker and furosemide, collaborated to create a "perfect storm" in this patient that impaired oxygen delivery and limited utilization. This case illustrates the application of innovative physiology methodology in medicine and provides a strong rationale for continuing to integrate physiology education in medical education.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Discerning the cause of dyspnea and hypoxemia in complex patients can be difficult. We describe the "real world" application of an innovative methodology to untangle the underlying physiology in a patient with multiple comorbidities. This case further demonstrates the importance of applying physiology to interrogate the underlying cause of a patient's symptoms when treatment based on probability fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Amaza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hardik Kalra
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Eberlein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yogesh Jethava
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph McDonell
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bobby Wolfe
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael H Tomasson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Melissa L Bates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Cripe LD, Cottingham AH, Martin CE, Hoffmann ML, Sargent K, Baker LB. Bereaved Informal Caregivers Rarely Recall a Relationship Between Transfusions and Hospice in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2021; 39:68-71. [PMID: 33926274 DOI: 10.1177/10499091211013290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The inability to prescribe blood transfusions is a potential barrier to timely hospice enrollment for patients with blood cancers. The benefits and harms of transfusions near the end of life (EOL), however, are poorly characterized and patients' preferences are unknown. We sought to characterize the recollections of bereaved caregivers about the relationships between transfusions and hospice enrollment decisions. METHODS We recruited 18 bereaved caregivers of 15 decedents who died within 6-18 months of the interview. Interviews focused on caregivers' recollections of transfusion and hospice enrollment decisions. Transcripts were analyzed for themes. RESULTS We identified 2 themes. First, caregivers described that transfusions were necessary and the decisions to receive transfusions or not were deferred to the clinicians. Second, only 1 caregiver recalled transfusions as relevant to hospice decisions. In that instance there was a delay. Caregivers identified difficulties recognizing death was imminent, hope for miracles, and the necessity of accepting life was ending as more relevant barriers. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate clinicians' beliefs in transfusion at EOL may be a more relevant barrier to hospice enrollment than patients' preferences. Strategies to evaluate accurately and discuss the actual benefits and harms of transfusions at the EOL are necessary to advise patients and integrate their preferences into decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry D Cripe
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 14686Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Caroline E Martin
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 14686Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Hoffmann
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 14686Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Sargent
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 14686Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Layla B Baker
- 50826The Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Keenan CR. Heterochromatin and Polycomb as regulators of haematopoiesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:805-14. [PMID: 33929498 DOI: 10.1042/BST20200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is the process by which multipotent haematopoietic stem cells are transformed into each and every type of terminally differentiated blood cell. Epigenetic silencing is critical for this process by regulating the transcription of cell-cycle genes critical for self-renewal and differentiation, as well as restricting alternative fate genes to allow lineage commitment and appropriate differentiation. There are two distinct forms of transcriptionally repressed chromatin: H3K9me3-marked heterochromatin and H3K27me3/H2AK119ub1-marked Polycomb (often referred to as facultative heterochromatin). This review will discuss the role of these distinct epigenetic silencing mechanisms in regulating normal haematopoiesis, how these contribute to age-related haematopoietic dysfunction, and the rationale for therapeutic targeting of these pathways in the treatment of haematological malignancies.
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Dunphy K, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P. Current Methods of Post-Translational Modification Analysis and Their Applications in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1930. [PMID: 33923680 PMCID: PMC8072572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a layer of complexity to the proteome through the addition of biochemical moieties to specific residues of proteins, altering their structure, function and/or localization. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. The low stoichiometry of modified peptides means fractionation and enrichment techniques are often performed prior to MS to improve detection yields. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes, including cell signaling, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation, that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of many blood cancer therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, involves inhibiting or modulating protein modifications. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer will undoubtedly lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation, proliferation, and survival, in addition to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
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Van Egeren D, Escabi J, Nguyen M, Liu S, Reilly CR, Patel S, Kamaz B, Kalyva M, DeAngelo DJ, Galinsky I, Wadleigh M, Winer ES, Luskin MR, Stone RM, Garcia JS, Hobbs GS, Camargo FD, Michor F, Mullally A, Cortes-Ciriano I, Hormoz S. Reconstructing the Lineage Histories and Differentiation Trajectories of Individual Cancer Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:514-523.e9. [PMID: 33621486 PMCID: PMC7939520 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some cancers originate from a single mutation event in a single cell. Blood cancers known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are thought to originate when a driver mutation is acquired by a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). However, when the mutation first occurs in individuals and how it affects the behavior of HSCs in their native context is not known. Here we quantified the effect of the JAK2-V617F mutation on the self-renewal and differentiation dynamics of HSCs in treatment-naive individuals with MPNs and reconstructed lineage histories of individual HSCs using somatic mutation patterns. We found that JAK2-V617F mutations occurred in a single HSC several decades before MPN diagnosis-at age 9 ± 2 years in a 34-year-old individual and at age 19 ± 3 years in a 63-year-old individual-and found that mutant HSCs have a selective advantage in both individuals. These results highlight the potential of harnessing somatic mutations to reconstruct cancer lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Van Egeren
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Javier Escabi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Research Scholar Initiative, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Maximilian Nguyen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shichen Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher R Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Baransel Kamaz
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Kalyva
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ilene Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martha Wadleigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric S Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marlise R Luskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gabriela S Hobbs
- Leukemia Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.
| | - Sahand Hormoz
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Hailemariam TS, Mehdi M, Kinde S, Seifu D, Edao A. BCR-ABL Transcript Level as Compared to LDH and Uric Acid Among Chronic Myeloid Leukemic Patients. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:445-455. [PMID: 33618649 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210222152126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized by the presence of Phila¬delphia chromosome, which caused by the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson fusion or joined gene. High concentration of BCR-ABL transcripts level can strongly forecast cytogenetic and hematologic reversion in CML patients. However, this molecular test for BCR-ABL is costly and hardly available in developing countries with low and middle-income. Owing to this, it is required to examine other cost effective and best diagnostic (prognostic) biomarker. OBJECTIVE The present study was intended on the estimation of total LDH and uric acid level as compared to BCR-ABL transcript level among treated and treatment naive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients. METHODS A comparative cross- sectional study design was used to include eighty one (81) CML patients and tested for BCR-ABL by GeneXpert RT-PCR transcript level at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. The current study correlates LDH with BCR-ABL and hematological parameters using spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U test and roc curve data analysis tool. RESULT A total of 81 CML patients was assayed; 46(56.8%) of them were medically treated group and the remaining 35 (43.2%) were treatment naive patients. Significant positive correlations were observed between LDH and BCR-ABL (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient value of uric acid (r = 0.295, p < 0.008) with BCR-ABL showed that weak correlation which exists between the two test parameter. There was statistically noteworthy (p < 0.05) difference in the median level of BCR-ABL and LDH among patients on treatment group (median = 21%, 350U/L) and treatment naive group (median = 57%, 1246U/L), respectively. For uric acid there was no statistically significant (p < 0.542) difference between the study group. The AUC for LDH, Basophil and WBC 0.881, 0.889, and 0.748 respectively, showed better performance for the follow-up of patients with CML compared with uric acid (0.695) and platelets (0.70). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The CML LDH value strongly correlated with BCR-ABL transcript level, whereas uric acid was weakly correlated with BCR-ABL. Hence; In Parallel with BRC-ABL transcript level, these findings could be a patent for confirming the capability of LDH as an alternative cost effective diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in CML disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Sisay Hailemariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086.Addis Ababa. Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Kinde
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086.Addis Ababa. Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Seifu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Edao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia
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Elnaggar RK. Within 5-year off-chemotherapy: How the cardio-respiratory response to exercise is related to energy expenditure, fatigue, and adiposity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2021; 30:e13418. [PMID: 33523541 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the cardio-respiratory response to exercise and examine the relationships among specific measures of cardio-respiratory function, energy expenditure (EE), fatigue and adiposity in children survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). METHODS Seventy survivors of ALL (13.31 ± 2.60 years) and 34 controls from the siblings (12.71 ± 2.36 years) participated and were assessed for submaximal and maximal exercise capacity, body composition, EE and fatigue. RESULTS ALL survivors had significantly lower submaximal (VO2 ; p = 0.002) and maximal (VO2peak ; p ˂ 0.001) cardio-respiratory capacity than their controls. At the submaximal exercise test, EE was significantly lower in ALL survivors (p < 0.001), but the heart rate (HR) was significantly higher (p = 0.005). The VO2 and HR were significantly correlated [r (95%CI) = 0.689 (0.542 to 0.795), p < 0.001]. The VO2peak negatively associated with adiposity [r (95%CI) = -0.368 (-0.554 to -0.145), p = 0.002]. Fatigue significantly correlated with the VO2peak [r (95%CI) = 0.581 (0.401 to 0.718), p < 0.001] and adiposity [r (95%CI) = -0.303 (-0.502 to 0.073), p = 0.012]. CONCLUSION Children survivors of ALL experience low cardio-respiratory fitness within 5-year off-chemotherapy. Associations exist between measures of cardio-respiratory fitness, EE, fatigue and adiposity. However, it has not yet been proven whether these are cause or effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab K Elnaggar
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Rovirosa L, Ramos-Morales A, Javierre BM. The Genome in a Three-Dimensional Context: Deciphering the Contribution of Noncoding Mutations at Enhancers to Blood Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592087. [PMID: 33117405 PMCID: PMC7575776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between blood cancer and genetic predisposition, including both inherited variants and acquired mutations and epimutations, have been well characterized. However, the majority of these variants affect noncoding regions, making their mechanisms difficult to hypothesize and hindering the translation of these insights into patient benefits. Fueled by unprecedented progress in next-generation sequencing and computational integrative analysis, studies have started applying combinations of epigenetic, genome architecture, and functional assays to bridge the gap between noncoding variants and blood cancer. These complementary tools have not only allowed us to understand the potential malignant role of these variants but also to differentiate key variants, cell-types, and conditions from misleading ones. Here, we briefly review recent studies that have provided fundamental insights into our understanding of how noncoding mutations at enhancers predispose and promote blood malignancies in the context of spatial genome architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Rovirosa
- 3D Chromatin Organization Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ramos-Morales
- 3D Chromatin Organization Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- 3D Chromatin Organization Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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Agbuduwe C, Yang H, Gaglani J, Ajithkumar T. Clinical presentation and outcomes of solitary plasmacytoma in a tertiary hospital in the UK. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; 20:e191-e195. [PMID: 32934063 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2019-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare localised neoplasm of monoclonal plasma cells. The standard treatment involves radical radiotherapy; however, a significant proportion of patients subsequently develop multiple myeloma. In this study, we evaluate the outcomes of solitary plasmacytoma in a retrospective cohort of patients treated in a single tertiary centre.The case records of plasmacytoma patients treated in a 15-year period were analysed and retrospectively followed up from the date of diagnosis. Thirty-four cases met the inclusion criteria; 27 (79%) solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP) and 7 (21%) extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). The thoracic vertebrae were the commonest sites for SBP while EMP occurred most frequently in the upper airway. Pain and spinal cord compression were the most frequent symptoms. A paraprotein was detectable in 18 (53%) patients. Over a median follow-up of 48 months, 13 (38%) developed multiple myeloma. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 80% and 56%, respectively; median progression-free survival was 77 months. Four patients (12%) developed a second malignancy.Progression to multiple myeloma remains a formidable challenge in the management of solitary plasmacytoma, hence adjunct therapies are needed.
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Clara-Trujillo S, Gallego Ferrer G, Gómez Ribelles JL. In Vitro Modeling of Non-Solid Tumors: How Far Can Tissue Engineering Go? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165747. [PMID: 32796596 PMCID: PMC7460836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In hematological malignancies, leukemias or myelomas, malignant cells present bone marrow (BM) homing, in which the niche contributes to tumor development and drug resistance. BM architecture, cellular and molecular composition and interactions define differential microenvironments that govern cell fate under physiological and pathological conditions and serve as a reference for the native biological landscape to be replicated in engineered platforms attempting to reproduce blood cancer behavior. This review summarizes the different models used to efficiently reproduce certain aspects of BM in vitro; however, they still lack the complexity of this tissue, which is relevant for fundamental aspects such as drug resistance development in multiple myeloma. Extracellular matrix composition, material topography, vascularization, cellular composition or stemness vs. differentiation balance are discussed as variables that could be rationally defined in tissue engineering approaches for achieving more relevant in vitro models. Fully humanized platforms closely resembling natural interactions still remain challenging and the question of to what extent accurate tissue complexity reproduction is essential to reliably predict drug responses is controversial. However, the contributions of these approaches to the fundamental knowledge of non-solid tumor biology, its regulation by niches, and the advance of personalized medicine are unquestionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Clara-Trujillo
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.G.F.); (J.L.G.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Ottesen JT, Pedersen RK, Dam MJB, Knudsen TA, Skov V, Kjær L, Andersen M. Mathematical Modeling of MPNs Offers Understanding and Decision Support for Personalized Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082119. [PMID: 32751766 PMCID: PMC7466162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are slowly developing hematological cancers characterized by few driver mutations, with JAK2V617F being the most prevalent. (2) Methods: using mechanism-based mathematical modeling (MM) of hematopoietic stem cells, mutated hematopoietic stem cells, differentiated blood cells, and immune response along with longitudinal data from the randomized Danish DALIAH trial, we investigate the effect of the treatment of MPNs with interferon-α2 on disease progression. (3) Results: At the population level, the JAK2V617F allele burden is halved every 25 months. At the individual level, MM describes and predicts the JAK2V617F kinetics and leukocyte- and thrombocyte counts over time. The model estimates the patient-specific treatment duration, relapse time, and threshold dose for achieving a good response to treatment. (4) Conclusions: MM in concert with clinical data is an important supplement to understand and predict the disease progression and impact of interventions at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny T. Ottesen
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (R.K.P.); (M.J.B.D.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rasmus K. Pedersen
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (R.K.P.); (M.J.B.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Marc J. B. Dam
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (R.K.P.); (M.J.B.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Trine A. Knudsen
- Department of Haematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, 2022 Roskilde, Denmark; (T.A.K.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Haematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, 2022 Roskilde, Denmark; (T.A.K.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Haematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, 2022 Roskilde, Denmark; (T.A.K.); (V.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Morten Andersen
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (R.K.P.); (M.J.B.D.); (M.A.)
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Abstract
Leukemia involves different types of blood cancers, which lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Murine models of leukemia have been instrumental in understanding the biology of the disease and identifying therapeutics. However, such models are time consuming and expensive in high throughput genetic and drug screening. Drosophilamelanogaster has emerged as an invaluable in vivo model for studying different diseases, including cancer. Fruit flies possess several hematopoietic processes and compartments that are in close resemblance to their mammalian counterparts. A number of studies succeeded in characterizing the fly's response upon the expression of human leukemogenic proteins in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. Moreover, some of these studies showed that these models are amenable to genetic screening. However, none were reported to be tested for drug screening. In this review, we describe the Drosophila hematopoietic system, briefly focusing on leukemic diseases in which fruit flies have been used. We discuss myeloid and lymphoid leukemia fruit fly models and we further highlight their roles for future therapeutic screening. In conclusion, fruit fly leukemia models constitute an interesting area which could speed up the process of integrating new therapeutics when complemented with mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Al Outa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Dana Abubaker
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Madi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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Motais B, Charvátová S, Hrdinka M, Šimíček M, Jelínek T, Ševčíková T, Kořístek Z, Hájek R, Bagó JR. A Bird's-Eye View of Cell Sources for Cell-Based Therapies in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1333. [PMID: 32456165 PMCID: PMC7281611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
: Hematological malignancies comprise over a hundred different types of cancers and account for around 6.5% of all cancers. Despite the significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment, many of those cancers remain incurable. In recent years, cancer cell-based therapy has become a promising approach to treat those incurable hematological malignancies with striking results in different clinical trials. The most investigated, and the one that has advanced the most, is the cell-based therapy with T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors. Those promising initial results prepared the ground to explore other cell-based therapies to treat patients with blood cancer. In this review, we want to provide an overview of the different types of cell-based therapies in blood cancer, describing them according to the cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Motais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Charvátová
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šimíček
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jelínek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kořístek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hájek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juli R. Bagó
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (M.Š.); (T.J.); (T.Š.); (Z.K.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Oktaviono YH, Hutomo SA, Al-Farabi MJ. No-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with polycythemia vera: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19288. [PMID: 32118741 PMCID: PMC7478610 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in a patient with polycythemia vera (PV). However, the benefit of various percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technique on the patient with PV is relatively unexplored. PATIENT CONCERN A 46-year-old woman presented to the primary hospital complained about new-onset typical chest pain. Echocardiography examination showed inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMIs) and increased cardiac markers. Complete blood count showed elevated hemoglobin, white blood cell, and platelet. DIAGNOSIS Coronary angiography revealed simultaneous total occlusion at proximal right coronary artery (RCA) and also at proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit with JAK2 mutation establish the diagnosis of PV. INTERVENTIONS We performed multi-vessel primary PCI by using direct stenting in RCA and aspiration thrombectomy in LAD after failed with balloon dilatation and direct stenting method. This procedure resulted in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-3 flow in both coronary arteries. However, the no-reflow phenomenon occurred in the LAD, followed by ventricular fibrillation. After several attempts of resuscitation, thrombus aspiration, and low-dose intracoronary thrombolysis, the patient was returned to spontaneous circulation. The patient then received dual antiplatelet and cytoreductive therapy. OUTCOMES The patient clinical condition and laboratory finding were improved, and the patient was discharged on the 7th day after PCI. LESSONS Cardiologist should be aware of the no-reflow phenomenon risk in the patient with PV and STEMI. Direct stenting, intracoronary thrombectomy, and thrombolysis are preferable instead of balloon dilatation for PCI technique in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Her Oktaviono
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Ardi Hutomo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Makhyan Jibril Al-Farabi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Healthcare Managemenent, University College London, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
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Farswan A, Gupta A, Gupta R, Kaur G. Imputation of Gene Expression Data in Blood Cancer and Its Significance in Inferring Biological Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1442. [PMID: 31970084 PMCID: PMC6960109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Gene expression data generated from microarray technology is often analyzed for disease diagnostics and treatment. However, this data suffers with missing values that may lead to inaccurate findings. Since data capture is expensive, time consuming, and is required to be collected from subjects, it is worthwhile to recover missing values instead of re-collecting the data. In this paper, a novel but simple method, namely, DSNN (Doubly Sparse DCT domain with Nuclear Norm minimization) has been proposed for imputing missing values in microarray data. Extensive experiments including pathway enrichment have been carried out on four blood cancer dataset to validate the method as well as to establish the significance of imputation. Methods: A new method, namely, DSNN, was proposed for missing value imputation on gene expression data. Method was validated on four dataset, CLL, AML, MM (Spanish data), and MM (Indian data). All the dataset were downloaded from GEO repository. Missing values were introduced in the original data from 10 to 90% in steps of 10% because method validation requires ground truth. Quantitative results on normalized mean square error (NMSE) between the ground truth and imputed data were computed. To further validate and establish the significance of the proposed imputation method, two experiments were carried out on the data imputed with the proposed method, data imputed with the state-of-art methods, and data with missing values. In the first experiment, classification of normal vs. cancer subjects was carried out. In the second experiment, biological significance of imputation was ascertained by identifying top candidate tumor drivers using the existing state-of-the-art SPARROW algorithm, followed by gene list enrichment analysis on top candidate drivers. Results: Quantitative NMSE results of the DSNN method were compared with three state-of-the-art imputation methods. DSNN method was observed to perform better compared to these other methods both at high as well as low observable data. Experiment-1 demonstrated superior results on classification with imputation compared to that performed on missing data matrix as well as compared to classification on imputed data with existing methods. In experiment-2, cancer affected pathways were discovered with higher significance in the data imputed with the proposed method compared to those discovered with the missing data matrix. Conclusion: Missing value problem in microarray data is a serious problem and can adversely influence downstream analysis. A novel method, namely, DSNN is proposed for missing value imputation. The method is validated quantitatively on the application of classification and biologically by performing pathway enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Farswan
- SBILab, Department of ECE, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anubha Gupta
- SBILab, Department of ECE, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Ghane N, Vard A, Talebi A, Nematollahy P. Classification of chronic myeloid leukemia cell subtypes based on microscopic image analysis. EXCLI J 2019; 18:382-404. [PMID: 31338009 PMCID: PMC6635720 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple and efficient computer-aided diagnosis method to classify Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cells based on microscopic image processing. In the proposed method, a novel combination of both typical and new features is introduced for classification of CML cells. Next, an effective decision tree classifier is proposed to classify CML cells into eight groups. The proposed method was evaluated on 1730 CML cell images containing 714 cells of non-cancerous bone marrow aspiration and 1016 cells of cancerous peripheral blood smears. The performance of the proposed classification method was compared to manual labels made by two experts. The average values of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were 99.0 %, 99.4 % and 98.3 %, respectively for all groups of CML. In addition, Cohen's kappa coefficient demonstrated high conformity, 0.99, between joint diagnostic results of two experts and the obtained results of the proposed approach. According to the obtained results, the suggested method has a high capability to classify effective cells of CML and can be applied as a simple, affordable and reliable computer-aided diagnosis tool to help pathologists to diagnose CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Ghane
- Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Vard
- Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pardis Nematollahy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Balanis NG, Sheu KM, Esedebe FN, Patel SJ, Smith BA, Park JW, Alhani S, Gomperts BN, Huang J, Witte ON, Graeber TG. Pan-cancer Convergence to a Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Phenotype that Shares Susceptibilities with Hematological Malignancies. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:17-34.e7. [PMID: 31287989 PMCID: PMC6703903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell neuroendocrine cancers (SCNCs) are an aggressive cancer subtype. Transdifferentiation toward an SCN phenotype has been reported as a resistance route in response to targeted therapies. Here, we identified a convergence to an SCN state that is widespread across epithelial cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. More broadly, non-SCN metastases have higher expression of SCN-associated transcription factors than non-SCN primary tumors. Drug sensitivity and gene dependency screens demonstrate that these convergent SCNCs have shared vulnerabilities. These common vulnerabilities are found across unannotated SCN-like epithelial cases, small-round-blue cell tumors, and unexpectedly in hematological malignancies. The SCN convergent phenotype and common sensitivity profiles with hematological cancers can guide treatment options beyond tissue-specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas G Balanis
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katherine M Sheu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Favour N Esedebe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saahil J Patel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bryan A Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jung Wook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Salwan Alhani
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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50
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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