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Hurler L, Mescia F, Bergamaschi L, Kajdácsi E, Sinkovits G, Cervenak L, Prohászka Z, Lyons PA, Toonen EJ. sMR and PTX3 levels associate with COVID-19 outcome and survival but not with Long COVID. iScience 2024; 27:110162. [PMID: 39027374 PMCID: PMC11255846 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 disease course are lacking. Study aim was to identify biomarkers associated with disease severity, survival, long-term outcome, and Long COVID. As excessive macrophages activation is a hallmark of COVID-19 and complement activation is key in this, we selected the following proteins involved in these processes: PTX3, C1q, C1-INH, C1s/C1-INH, and sMR. EDTA-plasma concentrations were measured in 215 patients and 47 controls using ELISA. PTX3, sMR, C1-INH, and C1s/C1-INH levels were associated with disease severity. PTX3 and sMR were also associated with survival and long-term immune recovery. Lastly, sMR levels associate with ICU admittance. sMR (AUC 0.85) and PTX3 (AUC 0.78) are good markers for disease severity, especially when used in combination (AUC 0.88). No association between biomarker levels and Long COVID was observed. sMR has not previously been associated with COVID-19 disease severity, ICU admittance or survival and may serve as marker for disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hurler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federica Mescia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease-National Institute of Health Research (CITIID-NIHR) COVID BioResource Collaboration
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
- Research and Development Department, Hycult Biotech, Uden, the Netherlands
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Erik J.M. Toonen
- Research and Development Department, Hycult Biotech, Uden, the Netherlands
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Li K, Nie H, Jin R, Wu X. Mesenchymal stem cells-macrophages crosstalk and myeloid malignancy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397005. [PMID: 38779660 PMCID: PMC11109455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As major components of the tumor microenvironment, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages can be remodelled and exhibit different phenotypes and functions during tumor initiation and progression. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of hematological malignancies, and are associated with poor prognosis. Consequently, TAMs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Notably, MSCs exert a profound influence on modulating immune cell functions such as macrophages and granulocytes, thereby playing a crucial role in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment surrounding tumors. However, in hematological malignancies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and macrophages have not been clearly elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of TAMs in various common hematological malignancies, and discuss the latest advances in understanding the interaction between MSCs and macrophages in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic approaches targeting this relationship are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Nie
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Beaton B, Hughes DA. Soluble mannose receptor: A potential biomarker in Gaucher disease. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:794-801. [PMID: 38200687 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Soluble mannose receptor (sMR) relates to mannose receptor expression on macrophages, and is elevated in inflammatory disorders. Gaucher disease (GD) has altered macrophage function and utilises mannose receptors for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) endocytosis. sMR has not previously been studied in GD. METHODS sMR was measured by ELISA and correlated with GD clinical features including spleen and liver volume, haemoglobin and platelet count, bone marrow burden (BMB) scores and immunoglobulin levels. sMR was compared with biomarkers of GD: chitotriosidase, lyso-GL1, PARC, CCL3, CCL4, osteoactivin, serum ACE and ferritin. RESULTS Median sMR in untreated GD patients was 303.0 ng/mL compared to post-treatment 190.9 ng/mL (p = .02) and healthy controls 202 ng/mL. Median sMR correlated with median spleen volume 455 mL (r = .70, p = .04), liver volume 2025 mL (r = .64, p = .04), BMB 7 (r = .8, p = .03), IgA 1.9 g/L (r = .54, p = .036), IgG 9.2 g/L (r = .57, p = .027), IgM 1.45 g/L (r = .86, p < .0001), with inverse correlation to median platelet count of 125 × 109/L (r = -.47, p = .08) and haemoglobin of 137 g/L (r = -.77, p = .0008). sMR correlated with established biomarkers: osteoactivin 107.8 ng/mL (r = .58, p = .0006), chitotriosidase 3042 nmol/mL/h (r = .52, p = .0006), PARC 800 ng/mL (r = .67, p = .0068), ferritin 547 μg/L (r = .72, p = .002) and CCL3 50 pg/mL (r = .67, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS sMR correlates with clinical features and biomarkers of GD and reduces following therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Beaton
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free NHS Trust, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Derralynn A Hughes
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free NHS Trust, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
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Hønge BL, Andersen MN, Petersen MS, Jespersen S, Medina C, Té DDS, Kjerulff B, Laursen AL, Møller HJ, Wejse C, Krarup H, Møller BK, Erikstrup C. Monocyte phenotype and extracellular vesicles in HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1/2 dual infection. AIDS 2023; 37:1773-1781. [PMID: 37475710 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AIDS-defining illness develops at higher CD4 + T-cell counts in individuals infected with HIV-2 compared with HIV-1-infected, which suggests that the two types of HIV may have different effects on other compartments of the immune system. We here investigate monocyte phenotype, activation and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in individuals with different HIV types. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS ART-naive HIV-1 ( n = 83), HIV-2 ( n = 63), and HIV-1/2 dually positive ( n = 27) participants were recruited in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, together with HIV-negative controls ( n = 26). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry for monocyte phenotype and activation, and plasma was analyzed for extracellular vesicle forms of CD163 and CD206. RESULTS Compared with HIV-negative controls, all groups of HIV-positive participants had a skewed monocyte phenotype with a higher proportion of intermediate monocytes, increased CD163 expression and elevated serum levels of the inflammatory biomarkers soluble (s)CD163 and sCD206. HIV-2-positive participants had lower CD163 monocyte expression than HIV-1-positive participants, regardless of HIV RNA or CD4 + cell count. Levels of sCD206 extracellular vesicles were increased in all HIV groups, and higher in HIV-1 compared with HIV-2-positive participants. CONCLUSION The monocyte phenotype of HIV-2-positive participants deviated less from healthy controls than did HIV-1 participants. HIV-2-positive participants also had a lower concentration of extracellular CD206 vesicles compared with HIV-1-positive participants. This does not explain the difference in AIDS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo L Hønge
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Clinical Immunology
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sanne Jespersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Candida Medina
- National HIV Programme, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - David D S Té
- National HIV Programme, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | | | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine
| | - Christian Wejse
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- GloHAU, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Aarhus University
| | - Henrik Krarup
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Cencini E, Sicuranza A, Ciofini S, Fabbri A, Bocchia M, Gozzetti A. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Multiple Myeloma: Key Role in Disease Biology and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6111-6133. [PMID: 37504315 PMCID: PMC10378698 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by multiple relapse and, despite the introduction of novel therapies, the disease becomes ultimately drug-resistant. The tumor microenvironment (TME) within the bone marrow niche includes dendritic cells, T-cytotoxic, T-helper, reactive B-lymphoid cells and macrophages, with a complex cross-talk between these cells and the MM tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have an important role in the MM pathogenesis, since they could promote plasma cells proliferation and angiogenesis, further supporting MM immune evasion and progression. TAM are polarized towards M1 (classically activated, antitumor activity) and M2 (alternatively activated, pro-tumor activity) subtypes. Many studies demonstrated a correlation between TAM, disease progression, drug-resistance and reduced survival in lymphoproliferative neoplasms, including MM. MM plasma cells in vitro could favor an M2 TAM polarization. Moreover, a possible correlation between the pro-tumor effect of M2 TAM and a reduced sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs was hypothesized. Several clinical studies confirmed CD68/CD163 double-positive M2 TAM were associated with increased microvessel density, chemoresistance and reduced survival, independently of the MM stage. This review provided an overview of the biology and clinical relevance of TAM in MM, as well as a comprehensive evaluation of a potential TAM-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cencini
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Ciofini
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Fabbri
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Chen M, Jiang J, Hou J. Single-cell technologies in multiple myeloma: new insights into disease pathogenesis and translational implications. Biomark Res 2023; 11:55. [PMID: 37259170 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells. Although therapeutic advances have been made to improve clinical outcomes and to prolong patients' survival in the past two decades, MM remains largely incurable. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a powerful method to dissect the cellular and molecular landscape at single-cell resolution, instead of providing averaged results. The application of single-cell technologies promises to address outstanding questions in myeloma biology and has revolutionized our understanding of the inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in MM. In this review, we summarize the recently developed SCS methodologies and latest MM research progress achieved by single-cell profiling, including information regarding the cancer and immune cell landscapes, tumor heterogeneities, underlying mechanisms and biomarkers associated with therapeutic response and resistance. We also discuss future directions of applying transformative SCS approaches with contribution to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Macrophage Biomarkers sCD163 and sSIRPα in Serum Predict Mortality in Sarcoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051544. [PMID: 36900335 PMCID: PMC10000605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients do not respond to traditional checkpoint inhibitor treatment, which may be due to infiltrating immunosuppressive tumour-associated macrophages. This study investigated the prognostic value of four serum macrophage biomarkers. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 152 patients with STS at the time of diagnosis; clinical data were prospectively collected. The concentrations of four macrophage biomarkers (sCD163, sCD206, sSIRPα, sLILRB1) were measured in serum, dichotomised based on median concentration, and evaluated either individually or when combined with established prognostic markers. Results: All macrophage biomarkers were prognostic of overall survival (OS). However, only sCD163 and sSIRPα were prognostic for recurrent disease (sCD163: hazard ratio (HR): 1.97 (95% CI: 1.10-3.51) and sSIRPα: HR: 2.09 (95% CI: 1.16-3.77)). A prognostic profile was made based on sCD163 and sSIRPα; it also included c-reactive protein and tumour grade. Patients with intermediate- or high-risk prognostic profiles (adjusted for age and tumour size) had a higher risk of recurrent disease compared to low-risk patients (HR: 2.64 (95% CI: 0.97-7.19)) and (HR 4.3 (95% CI: 1.62-11.47)), respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that serum biomarkers of immunosuppressive macrophages were prognostic for OS; when combined with well-established markers of recurrence they allowed for a clinically relevant categorising of patients.
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Wang SSY, Chng WJ, Liu H, de Mel S. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Related Myelomonocytic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5654. [PMID: 36428745 PMCID: PMC9688291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second-most common hematologic malignancy and remains incurable despite potent plasma cell directed therapeutics. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key player in the pathogenesis and progression of MM and is an active focus of research with a view to targeting immune dysregulation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and dendritic cells (DC) are known to drive progression and treatment resistance in many cancers. They have also been shown to promote MM progression and immune suppression in vitro, and there is growing evidence of their impact on clinical outcomes. The heterogeneity and functional characteristics of myelomonocytic cells in MM are being unraveled through high-dimensional immune profiling techniques. We are also beginning to understand how they may affect and be modulated by current and future MM therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology and clinical relevance of TAMs, MDSCs, and DCs in the MM TME. We also highlight key areas to be addressed in future research as well as our perspectives on how the myelomonocytic compartment of the TME may influence therapeutic strategies of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Y. Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, #12-01 Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Hervás-Salcedo R, Martín-Antonio B. A Journey through the Inter-Cellular Interactions in the Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for the Next Generation of Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3796. [PMID: 35954459 PMCID: PMC9367481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of a plethora of extracellular matrix, tumor and non-tumor cells that form a tumor microenvironment (TME) that nurtures the tumor cells and creates a favorable environment where tumor cells grow and proliferate. In multiple myeloma (MM), the TME is the bone marrow (BM). Non-tumor cells can belong either to the non-hematological compartment that secretes soluble mediators to create a favorable environment for MM cells to grow, or to the immune cell compartment that perform an anti-MM activity in healthy conditions. Indeed, marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) are associated with a good prognosis in MM patients and have served as the basis for developing different immunotherapy strategies. However, MM cells and other cells in the BM can polarize their phenotype and activity, creating an immunosuppressive environment where immune cells do not perform their cytotoxic activity properly, promoting tumor progression. Understanding cell-cell interactions in the BM and their impact on MM proliferation and the performance of tumor surveillance will help in designing efficient anti-MM therapies. Here, we take a journey through the BM, describing the interactions of MM cells with cells of the non-hematological and hematological compartment to highlight their impact on MM progression and the development of novel MM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mannose modified co-loaded zoledronic liposomes deplete M2-tumor-associated macrophages to enhance anti-tumor effect of doxorubicin on TNBC. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Petrusca DN, Lee KP, Galson DL. Role of Sphingolipids in Multiple Myeloma Progression, Drug Resistance, and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925807. [PMID: 35756630 PMCID: PMC9213658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incapacitating hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and production of an abnormal monoclonal protein (M-protein). The BM microenvironment has a key role in myeloma development by facilitating the growth of the aberrant plasma cells, which eventually interfere with the homeostasis of the bone cells, exacerbating osteolysis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Recent recognition that metabolic reprograming has a major role in tumor growth and adaptation to specific changes in the microenvironmental niche have led to consideration of the role of sphingolipids and the enzymes that control their biosynthesis and degradation as critical mediators of cancer since these bioactive lipids have been directly linked to the control of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, among other cellular functions. In this review, we present the recent progress of the research investigating the biological implications of sphingolipid metabolism alterations in the regulation of myeloma development and its progression from the pre-malignant stage and discuss the roles of sphingolipids in in MM migration and adhesion, survival and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis and invasion. We introduce the current knowledge regarding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of the immune response and drug-resistance in MM and tackle the new developments suggesting the manipulation of the sphingolipid network as a novel therapeutic direction for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, HCC Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Soluble mannose receptor CD206 and von Willebrand factor are early biomarkers to identify patients at risk for severe or necrotizing acute pancreatitis. J Intensive Care 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35690841 PMCID: PMC9188125 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-022-00619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In acute pancreatitis (AP), microcirculatory dysfunction and leukocyte activation contribute to organ damage, inflammation, and mortality. Given the role of macrophage activation, monocyte recruitment, and microthrombus formation in the early pathogenesis of AP, we examined the macrophage activation marker soluble mannose receptor (sCD206) and the endothelial function marker von Willebrand factor (vWF) in patients admitted for AP. Methods In an exploratory analysis, serum sCD206 and plasma vWF were prospectively analyzed on day 1 and day 3 in 81 patients with AP admitted to the hospital. In addition, blood samples from 59 patients with early AP admitted to the intensive care unit and symptom onset < 24 h were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were dichotomized as per study protocol into two groups: (i) “non-severe edematous AP” including patients with mild AP without organ failure and patients with transient organ failure that resolves within 48 h and (ii) “severe/necrotizing AP” including patients with severe AP and persistent organ failure > 48 h and/or patients with local complications. Results In the prospective cohort, 17% developed severe/necrotizing pancreatitis compared with 56% in the ICU cohort. Serum concentrations of sCD206 on admission were higher in patients with severe/necrotizing AP than in patients with non-severe edematous AP (prospective: 1.57 vs. 0.66 mg/l, P = 0.005; ICU: 1.76 vs. 1.25 mg/l, P = 0.006), whereas other inflammatory markers (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin) and disease severity (SOFA, SAPS II, APACHE II) did not show significant differences. Patients with severe/necrotizing AP had a greater increase in sCD206 than patients with non-severe edematous AP at day 3 in the prospective cohort. In contrast to routine coagulation parameters, vWF antigen levels were elevated on admission (prospective cohort: 375 vs. 257%, P = 0.02; ICU cohort: 240 vs. 184%, P = 0.03). When used as continuous variables, sCD206 and VWF antigen remained predictors of severe/necrotizing AP after adjustment for etiology and age in both cohorts. Conclusions sCD206 identifies patients at risk of severe AP at earlier timepoints than routine markers of inflammation and coagulation. Prospective studies are needed to investigate whether incorporating early or repeated measurements into the existing scoring system will better identify patients at increased risk for complications of AP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40560-022-00619-2.
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Gozzetti A, Ciofini S, Sicuranza A, Pacelli P, Raspadori D, Cencini E, Tocci D, Bocchia M. Drug resistance and minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:171-183. [PMID: 35582527 PMCID: PMC8992600 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in improving survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients over the last 30 years. New drugs have been introduced and complete responses are frequently seen. However, the majority of MM patients do experience a relapse at a variable time after treatment, and ultimately the disease becomes drug-resistant following therapies. Recently, minimal residual disease (MRD) detection has been introduced in clinical trials utilizing novel therapeutic agents to measure the depth of response. MRD can be considered as a surrogate for both progression-free and overall survival. In this perspective, the persistence of a residual therapy-resistant myeloma plasma cell clone can be associated with inferior survivals. The present review gives an overview of drug resistance in MM, i.e., mutation of β5 subunit of the proteasome; upregulation of pumps of efflux; heat shock protein induction for proteasome inhibitors; downregulation of CRBN expression; deregulation of IRF4 expression; mutation of CRBN, IKZF1, and IKZF3 for immunomodulatory drugs and decreased target expression; complement protein increase; sBCMA increase; and BCMA down expression for monoclonal antibodies. Multicolor flow cytometry, or next-generation flow, and next-generation sequencing are currently the techniques available to measure MRD with sensitivity at 10-5. Sustained MRD negativity is related to prolonged survival, and it is evaluated in all recent clinical trials as a surrogate of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gozzetti
- Hematology, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
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Qian S, Han X, Sha X, Tian F, Huang H, Jiang P, Huang G, Ma B, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Sun X. Aqueous Extract of Cimicifuga dahurica Reprogramming Macrophage Polarization by Activating TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1027-1046. [PMID: 35210810 PMCID: PMC8858003 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s345497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cimicifuga dahurica (C. dahurica), which has been used in traditional oriental medicine for a long period, was reported to exert extensive antitumor activity, but the effect and molecular biological mechanism of C. dahurica on multiple myeloma (MM) has not been elaborated. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit a sustained polarization between tumor killing M1 subtype and tumor supporting M2 subtype. And a lower ratio of M1/M2 is associated with tumor angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion. We explored the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of the root of C. dahurica (CRAE) on tumor growth by reprogramming macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment. Methods Mice bearing SP2/0 multiple myeloma were treated with CRAE. Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to assess tumor growth and TAM populations. Macrophages were depleted by injection of clodronate liposomes to determine and measure the role of CRAE as an anti-tumor agent by targeting macrophages. To simulate tumor microenvironment, MM cells H929 and TAMs were co-cultured using the transwell co-culture system. By using CRAE as an immunoregulator in M2-like macrophages, we analyzed CRAE-treated macrophage-associated surface markers and cytokines by flow cytometry and WB. Results The results indicated that CRAE treatment could reduce tumor burden of MM mice and a high degree of M1-like macrophages infiltration was detected in tumor tissues. In vitro co-culture system, CRAE significantly promoted the polarization of M2 to M1 phenotype, which led to the increase in apoptosis of myeloma cells. It was found that the M1 polarization induced by CRAE depended on the TLR4-MyD88-TAK1-NF-κB signal transduction. Conclusion This study elucidated the anticancer mechanism of the aqueous extract of C. dahurica (CRAE) through reprogramming macrophage polarization and highlighted that CRAE could act as a potential novel option for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Qian
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Han
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocao Sha
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Tian
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoshun Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bangyun Ma
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiye Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xuemei Sun, Tel +86-25-86617141, Fax +86-25-86518690, Email
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Covarrubias G, Moon TJ, Loutrianakis G, Sims HM, Umapathy MP, Lorkowski ME, Bielecki PA, Wiese ML, Atukorale PU, Karathanasis E. Comparison of the uptake of untargeted and targeted immunostimulatory nanoparticles by immune cells in the microenvironment of metastatic breast cancer. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:224-235. [PMID: 34846443 PMCID: PMC8732314 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To alter the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), we developed an immunostimulatory nanoparticle (NP) to reprogram a tumor's dysfunctional and inhibitory antigen-presenting cells (APCs) into properly activated APCs that stimulate tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells. Importantly, systemic delivery allowed NPs to efficiently utilize the entire microvasculature and gain access into the majority of the perivascular TME, which coincided with the APC-rich tumor areas leading to uptake of the NPs predominantly by APCs. In this work, a 60 nm NP was loaded with a STING agonist, which triggered robust production of interferon β, resulting in activation of APCs. In addition to untargeted NPs, we employed 'mainstream' ligands targeting fibronectin, αvβ3 integrin and P-selectin that are commonly used to direct nanoparticles to tumors. Using the 4T1 mouse model, we assessed the microdistribution of the four NP variants in the tumor immune microenvironment in three different breast cancer landscapes, including primary tumor, early metastasis, and late metastasis. The different NP variants resulted in variable uptake by immune cell subsets depending on the organ and tumor stage. Among the NP variants, therapeutic studies indicated that the untargeted NPs and the integrin-targeting NPs exhibited a remarkable short- and long-term immune response and long-lasting antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Covarrubias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Taylor J Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Georgia Loutrianakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Haley M Sims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Mayura P Umapathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Morgan E Lorkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Peter A Bielecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Michelle L Wiese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Prabhani U Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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van der Zande HJP, Nitsche D, Schlautmann L, Guigas B, Burgdorf S. The Mannose Receptor: From Endocytic Receptor and Biomarker to Regulator of (Meta)Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765034. [PMID: 34721436 PMCID: PMC8551360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor is a member of the C-type lectin (CLEC) family, which can bind and internalize a variety of endogenous and pathogen-associated ligands. Because of these properties, its role in endocytosis as well as antigen processing and presentation has been studied intensively. Recently, it became clear that the mannose receptor can directly influence the activation of various immune cells. Cell-bound mannose receptor expressed by antigen-presenting cells was indeed shown to drive activated T cells towards a tolerogenic phenotype. On the other hand, serum concentrations of a soluble form of the mannose receptor have been reported to be increased in patients suffering from a variety of inflammatory diseases and to correlate with severity of disease. Interestingly, we recently demonstrated that the soluble mannose receptor directly promotes macrophage proinflammatory activation and trigger metaflammation. In this review, we highlight the role of the mannose receptor and other CLECs in regulating the activation of immune cells and in shaping inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Nitsche
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schlautmann
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Kučić N, Rački V, Šverko R, Vidović T, Grahovac I, Mršić-Pelčić J. Immunometabolic Modulatory Role of Naltrexone in BV-2 Microglia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168429. [PMID: 34445130 PMCID: PMC8395119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist commonly used to treat opioid and alcohol dependence. The use of low dose naltrexone (LDN) was found to have anti-inflammatory properties for treatment of diseases such as fibromyalgia, Crohn’s disease, multiple sclerosis and regional pain syndromes. Related to its anti-neuroinflammatory properties, the mechanism of action is possibly mediated via Toll-like receptor 4 antagonism, which is widely expressed on microglial cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the immunometabolic effects of naltrexone on microglia cells in in vitro conditions. Methods: All experiments were performed in the BV-2 microglial cell line. The cells were treated with naltrexone at 100 μM concentrations corresponding to low dose for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed for every drug dose. To induce additional activation, the cells were pretreated with LPS and IFN-γ. Immunofluorescence was used to analyse the classical microglial activation markers iNOS and CD206, while Seahorse was used for real-time cellular metabolic assessments. mTOR activity measured over the expression of a major direct downstream target S6K was assessed using western blot. Results: LDN induced a shift from highly activated pro-inflammatory phenotype (iNOShighCD206low) to quiescent anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype (iNOSlowCD206high) in BV-2 microglia cells. Changes in the inflammatory profile were accompanied by cellular metabolic switching based on the transition from high glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). LDN-treated cells were able to maintain a metabolically suppressive phenotype by supporting OXPHOS with high oxygen consumption, and also maintain a lower energetic state due to lower lactate production. The metabolic shift induced by transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was more prominent in cells pretreated with immunometabolic modulators such as LPS and IFN-γ. In a dose-dependent manner, naltrexone also modulated mTOR/S6K expression, which underlies the cell metabolic phenotype regulating microglia immune properties and adaptation. Conclusion: By modulating the phenotypic features by metabolic switching of activated microglia, naltrexone was found to be an effective and powerful tool for immunometabolic reprogramming and could be a promising novel treatment for various neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kučić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51-651-192; Fax: +385-51-675-699
| | - Valentino Rački
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Roberta Šverko
- Emergency Department, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (R.Š.); (T.V.)
| | - Toni Vidović
- Emergency Department, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (R.Š.); (T.V.)
| | - Irena Grahovac
- Pharmacy Irena Grahovac, Trg I. Istarske brigade 5, 52100 Pula, Croatia;
| | - Jasenka Mršić-Pelčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Cencini E, Fabbri A, Sicuranza A, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M. The Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143597. [PMID: 34298810 PMCID: PMC8304632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent a leading component of the tumor microenvironment in hematologic malignancies. TAM could display antitumor activity or, conversely, could contribute to tumor growth and survival, depending on their polarization. TAM are polarized towards form M1, with a pro-inflammatory phenotype and an antineoplastic activity, or M2, with an alternately activated phenotype, associated with a poor outcome in patients presenting with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma. The molecular mechanisms of TAM in different types of hematologic malignancies are different due to the peculiar microenvironment of each disease. TAM could contribute to tumor progression, reduced apoptosis and angiogenesis; a different TAM polarization could explain a reduced treatment response in patients with a similar disease subtype. The aim of our review is to better define the role of TAM in patients with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Finally, we would like to focus on TAM as a possible target for antineoplastic therapy. Abstract The tumor microenvironment includes dendritic cells, T-cytotoxic, T-helper, reactive B-lymphoid cells and macrophages; these reactive cells could interplay with malignant cells and promote tumor growth and survival. Among its cellular components, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent a component of the innate immune system and play an important role, especially in hematologic malignancies. Depending on the stimuli that trigger their activation, TAM are polarized towards form M1, contributing to antitumor responses, or M2, associated with tumor progression. Many studies demonstrated a correlation between TAM, disease progression and the patient’s outcome in lymphoproliferative neoplasms, such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), even if with conflicting results. A critical hurdle to overcome is surely represented by the heterogeneity in the choice of the optimal markers and methods used for TAM analysis (gene-expression profile vs. immunohistochemistry, CD163vs. CD68vs. CD163/CD68 double-positive cells). TAM have been recently linked to the development and progression of multiple myeloma and leukemia, with a critical role in the homing of malignant cells, drug resistance, immune suppression and angiogenesis. As such, this review will summarize the role of TAM in different hematologic malignancies, focusing on the complex interplay between TAM and tumor cells, the prognostic value of TAM and the possible TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Botta C, Mendicino F, Martino EA, Vigna E, Ronchetti D, Correale P, Morabito F, Neri A, Gentile M. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Multiple Myeloma: Open Questions and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3213. [PMID: 34203150 PMCID: PMC8268448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, characterized by a multi-step evolutionary path, which starts with an early asymptomatic stage, defined as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) evolving to overt disease in 1% of cases per year, often through an intermediate phase known as "smoldering" MM (sMM). Interestingly, while many genomic alterations (translocation, deletions, mutations) are usually found at early stages, they are not sufficient (alone) to determine disease evolution. The latter, indeed, relies on significant "epigenetic" alterations of different normal cell populations within the bone marrow (BM) niche, including the "evasion" from immune-system control. Additionally, MM cells could "educate" the BM immune microenvironment (BM-IM) towards a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotype, which ultimately leads to disease evolution, drug resistance, and patients' worse outcome. Indeed, it is not a case that the most important drugs for the treatment of MM include immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide) and monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab, isatuximab, and elotuzumab). On these bases, in this review, we describe the most recent advances in the comprehension of the role of the different cells composing the BM-IM, and we discuss the potential molecular targets, which could represent new opportunities to improve current treatment strategies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cirino Botta
- Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.)
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Infant, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mendicino
- Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Enrica Antonia Martino
- Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem 91191, Israel;
- Biothecnology Research Unit, AO of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (A.N.)
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (F.M.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.)
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Andersen MN, Andersen NF, Lauridsen KL, Etzerodt A, Sorensen BS, Abildgaard N, Plesner T, Hokland M, Møller HJ. STAT3 is over-activated within CD163 pos bone marrow macrophages in both Multiple Myeloma and the benign pre-condition MGUS. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:177-187. [PMID: 34061243 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) support cancer cell survival and suppress anti-tumour immunity. Tumour infiltration by CD163pos TAMs is associated with poor outcome in several human malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is over-activated in human cancers, and specifically within TAMs activation of STAT3 may induce an immunosuppressive (M2-like) phenotype. Therefore, STAT3-inhibition in TAMs may be a future therapeutic strategy.We investigated TAM markers CD163, CD206, and activated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in patients with MGUS (n = 32) and MM (n = 45), as well as healthy controls (HCs, n = 13).Blood levels of the macrophage biomarkers sCD163 and sCD206, and circulating cytokines, as well as bone marrow mRNA expression of CD163 and CD206, were generally increased in MGUS and MM patients, compared to HCs, but to highly similar levels. By immunohistochemistry, bone marrow levels of pSTAT3 were increased specifically within CD163pos cells in both MGUS and MM patients.In conclusion, macrophage-related inflammatory changes, including activation of STAT3, were present already at the MGUS stage, at similar levels as in MM. Specific increase in pSTAT3 levels within CD163pos cells supports that the CD163 scavenger receptor may be a useful target for future delivery of STAT3-inhibitory drugs to TAMs in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten N Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Niels F Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Boe S Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Plesner
- Department of Histopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Díaz-Tejedor A, Lorenzo-Mohamed M, Puig N, García-Sanz R, Mateos MV, Garayoa M, Paíno T. Immune System Alterations in Multiple Myeloma: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Reverse Immunosuppression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061353. [PMID: 33802806 PMCID: PMC8002455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A common characteristic of multiple myeloma (MM) is the dysfunction of patients’ immune system, a condition termed immunosuppression. This state is mainly due to alterations in the number and functionality of the principal immune populations. In this setting, immunotherapy has acquired high relevance in the last years and the investigation of agents that boost the immune system represent a field of interest. In the present review, we will summarize the main cellular and molecular alterations observed in MM patients’ immune system. Furthermore, we will describe the mechanisms of action of the four immunotherapeutic drugs approved so far for the treatment of MM, which are part of the group of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Finally, the immune-stimulating effects of several therapeutic agents are described due to their potential role in reversing immunosuppression and, therefore, in favoring the efficacy of immunotherapy drugs, such as mAbs, as part of future pharmacological combinations. Abstract Immunosuppression is a common feature of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and has been associated with disease evolution from its precursor stages. MM cells promote immunosuppressive effects due to both the secretion of soluble factors, which inhibit the function of immune effector cells, and the recruitment of immunosuppressive populations. Alterations in the expression of surface molecules are also responsible for immunosuppression. In this scenario, immunotherapy, as is the case of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), aims to boost the immune system against tumor cells. In fact, mAbs exert part of their cytotoxic effects through different cellular and soluble immune components and, therefore, patients’ immunosuppressive status could reduce their efficacy. Here, we will expose the alterations observed in symptomatic MM, as compared to its precursor stages and healthy subjects, in the main immune populations, especially the inhibition of effector cells and the activation of immunosuppressive populations. Additionally, we will revise the mechanisms responsible for all these alterations, including the interplay between MM cells and immune cells and the interactions among immune cells themselves. We will also summarize the main mechanisms of action of the four mAbs approved so far for the treatment of MM. Finally, we will discuss the potential immune-stimulating effects of non-immunotherapeutic drugs, which could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Tejedor
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Lorenzo-Mohamed
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Noemí Puig
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00233), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00233), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María-Victoria Mateos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00233), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Teresa Paíno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Hematology, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.D.-T.); (M.L.-M.); (N.P.); (R.G.-S.); (M.-V.M.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00233), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923-294-812; Fax: +34-923-294-743
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020217. [PMID: 33435306 PMCID: PMC7827690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by aberrant plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and constitutes the second most common hematological disease after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease progression is drastically regulated by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) generated by soluble factors and different cells that naturally reside in the BM. This microenvironment does not remain unchanged and alterations favor cancer dissemination. Despite therapeutic advances over the past 15 years, MM remains incurable and therefore understanding the elements that control the TME in MM would allow better-targeted therapies to cure this disease. In this review, we discuss the main events and changes that occur in the BM milieu during MM development. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The progression, from the early stages of the disease as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to MM and occasionally extramedullary disease, is drastically affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Soluble factors and direct cell–cell interactions regulate MM plasma cell trafficking and homing to the BM niche. Mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, myeloid and lymphoid cells present in the BM create a unique milieu that favors MM plasma cell immune evasion and promotes disease progression. Moreover, TME is implicated in malignant cell protection against anti-tumor therapy. This review describes the main cellular and non-cellular components located in the BM, which condition the immunosuppressive environment and lead the MM establishment and progression.
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Macrophages in multiple myeloma: key roles and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:273-284. [PMID: 33404860 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a vital component of the tumour microenvironment and crucial mediators of tumour progression. In the last decade, significant strides have been made in understanding the crucial functional roles played by macrophages in the development of the plasma cell (PC) malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM). Whilst the interaction between MM PC and stromal cells within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has been extensively studied, we are only just starting to appreciate the multifaceted roles played by macrophages in disease progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that macrophage infiltration is associated with poor overall survival in MM. Indeed, macrophages influence numerous pathways critical for the initiation and progression of MM, including homing of malignant cells to BM, tumour cell growth and survival, drug resistance, angiogenesis and immune suppression. As such, therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages within the BM niche have promise in the clinical setting. This review will discuss the functions elicited by macrophages throughout different stages of MM and provide a comprehensive evaluation of potential macrophage-targeted therapies.
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Nielsen MC, Hvidbjerg Gantzel R, Clària J, Trebicka J, Møller HJ, Grønbæk H. Macrophage Activation Markers, CD163 and CD206, in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051175. [PMID: 32397365 PMCID: PMC7290463 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages facilitate essential homeostatic functions e.g., endocytosis, phagocytosis, and signaling during inflammation, and express a variety of scavenger receptors including CD163 and CD206, which are upregulated in response to inflammation. In healthy individuals, soluble forms of CD163 and CD206 are constitutively shed from macrophages, however, during inflammation pathogen- and damage-associated stimuli induce this shedding. Activation of resident liver macrophages viz. Kupffer cells is part of the inflammatory cascade occurring in acute and chronic liver diseases. We here review the existing literature on sCD163 and sCD206 function and shedding, and potential as biomarkers in acute and chronic liver diseases with a particular focus on Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF). In multiple studies sCD163 and sCD206 are elevated in relation to liver disease severity and established as reliable predictors of morbidity and mortality. However, differences in expression- and shedding-stimuli for CD163 and CD206 may explain dissimilarities in prognostic utility in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Christina Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (M.C.N.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Rasmus Hvidbjerg Gantzel
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Joan Clària
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), 08021 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (J.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), 08021 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (J.T.)
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (M.C.N.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-67-92-81
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Nielsen MC, Andersen MN, Grønbæk H, Damgaard Sandahl T, Møller HJ. Extracellular vesicle-associated soluble CD163 and CD206 in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:588-596. [PMID: 32393080 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1759140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in intercellular communication in liver diseases. An EV-associated fraction of the macrophage biomarker soluble CD163, denoted EV-CD163, was recently identified. EV-CD163 may be released during later phases of the inflammatory response as opposed to the acute shedding of CD163 ectodomain (Ecto-CD163). Total sCD163 is a well-described biomarker in liver inflammation, and we investigated the distribution of CD163 fractions along with EV-associated soluble CD206 (EV-CD206) in patients with acute and chronic alcoholic liver inflammation.Methods: Patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) (n = 48) and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) (n = 26) were enrolled. Patients with AH were followed for 30 days after diagnosis. Healthy blood donors (n = 30) served as a reference group. Fractions of sCD163 and sCD206 were separated using ExoQuick™ and measured by ELISA.Results: We demonstrated a possible EV-associated fraction of CD206 in plasma, correlating with levels of EV-CD163 (rs = 0.46, p < .001). The distribution of biomarker fractions was skewed toward EVs in chronic cirrhosis for both biomarkers (median: 35.8% EV-CD163, 58.8% EV-CD206) as compared to AH patients (median: 26.2% EV-CD163 p < .0001, 48.8% EV-CD206, p < .01). In AH patients, total sCD163 and Ecto-CD163 at inclusion were related to survival, whereas EV-CD163 was not.Conclusion: Extracellular vesicles of macrophage origin associated with membrane receptors CD163 and CD206 are present in liver disease. We observed a shift in the distribution towards an increased EV fraction in chronic liver cirrhosis. These data support that Ecto and EV fractions may be markers of different inflammatory processes, possibly resulting from a switch in macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Nørgaard Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kvorning SL, Nielsen MC, Andersen NF, Hokland M, Andersen MN, Møller HJ. Circulating extracellular vesicle-associated CD163 and CD206 in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2020; 104:409-419. [PMID: 31855290 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in cancer. Tumour-associated macrophages, expressing the haemoglobin-haptoglobin and mannose receptors CD163 and CD206, are crucial for cancer progression. We recently identified CD163 on EVs in the circulation as a fraction of total soluble CD163 (sCD163). Here, we investigated the presence of CD163 and CD206-positive EVs (EV-CD163, EV-CD206) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS We enrolled patients with MM (n = 32), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n = 8) and healthy donors (n = 16). Plasma protein levels were determined by ELISA before and after vesicle precipitation. Monocytes were examined by flow cytometry, and leucocyte CD163 mRNA by qPCR. RESULTS Fractions of EV-CD163 and EV-CD206 were significantly elevated in patients with newly diagnosed MM (median = 39.8%, 76.5%, respectively) compared to patients with relapse (15.6%, P = .02, 42.5%, P = .003), remission (16.9%, P < .0001, 25.2%, P < .0001), MGUS (17.8%, P < .01, 33.1%, P = .0005) and healthy donors (14.8%, P < .0001, 35.5%, P < .0001). Whole blood CD163 mRNA did not vary between the groups. The intermediate monocyte subset showed a higher CD163 expression in newly diagnosed patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that macrophage-derived EVs may play a role in the late phase of malignant progression of MM, and encourage further EV investigations in functional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Kvorning
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marlene C Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels F Andersen
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Petty AJ, Yang Y. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematologic Malignancies: New Insights and Targeted Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121526. [PMID: 31783588 PMCID: PMC6952752 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of hematologic malignant cells can be facilitated by other non-tumor cells within the same microenvironment, including stromal, vascular, immune and mesenchymal stem cells. Macrophages are an integral part of the human innate immune system and the tumor microenvironment. Complex interplays between the malignant hematologic cells and the infiltrating macrophages promote the formation of leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma-associated macrophages. These pro-tumorigenic macrophages in turn play an important part in facilitating tumor growth, metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance. Previous reports have highlighted the association between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and disease progression in hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes the role of TAMs in different subtypes of leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, focusing on new insights and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Petty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 508 BRT, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, OH, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 508 BRT, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, OH, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-685-0643; Fax: +1-(614)-293-7526
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Andersen MN, Hønge BL, Jespersen S, Medina C, da Silva Té D, Laursen A, Wejse C, Erikstrup C, Møller HJ. Soluble Macrophage Mannose Receptor (sCD206/sMR) as a Biomarker in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1291-1295. [PMID: 29800140 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reflected by changes in macrophage-activation biomarker soluble CD163 (sCD163). Here, we present data on the novel macrophage-activation biomarker soluble mannose receptor/CD206 (sCD206) in HIV infection. We investigated sCD206 blood levels at baseline and follow-up with/without antiretroviral therapy (ART), in 212 patients with HIV type 1 (HIV-1), HIV type 2 (HIV-2), or dual infection. At baseline, there was no difference in sCD206 level between HIV types, and sCD206 was unchanged at follow-up without ART. However, in contrast to sCD163, sCD206 levels decreased significantly for both HIV-1 and HIV-2, but not for HIV-1/2 patients, during ART. Further investigations are needed to establish sCD206 as a biomarker in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten N Andersen
- Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bo L Hønge
- Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Sanne Jespersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Candida Medina
- National HIV Program, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Alex Laursen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,GloHAU: Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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The soluble mannose receptor (sMR/sCD206) in critically ill patients with invasive fungal infections, bacterial infections or non-infectious inflammation: a secondary analysis of the EPaNIC RCT. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:270. [PMID: 31375142 PMCID: PMC6679534 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are difficult to diagnose, especially in critically ill patients. As the mannose receptor (MR) is shed from macrophage cell surfaces after exposure to fungi, we investigate whether its soluble serum form (sMR) can serve as a biomarker of IFI. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the multicentre randomised controlled trial (EPaNIC, n = 4640) that investigated the impact of initiating supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) early during critical illness (Early-PN) as compared to withholding it in the first week of intensive care (Late-PN). Serum sMR concentrations were measured in three matched patient groups (proven/probable IFI, n = 82; bacterial infection, n = 80; non-infectious inflammation, n = 77) on the day of antimicrobial initiation or matched intensive care unit day and the five preceding days, as well as in matched healthy controls (n = 59). Independent determinants of sMR concentration were identified via multivariable linear regression. Serum sMR time profiles were analysed with repeated-measures ANOVA. Predictive properties were assessed via area under the receiver operating curve (aROC). Results Serum sMR was higher in IFI patients than in all other groups (all p < 0.02), aROC to differentiate IFI from no IFI being 0.65 (p < 0.001). The ability of serum sMR to discriminate infectious from non-infectious inflammation was better with an aROC of 0.68 (p < 0.001). The sMR concentrations were already elevated up to 5 days before antimicrobial initiation and remained stable over time. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that an infection or an IFI, higher severity of illness and sepsis upon admission were associated with higher sMR levels; urgent admission and Late-PN were independently associated with lower sMR concentrations. Conclusion Serum sMR concentrations were higher in critically ill patients with IFI than in those with a bacterial infection or with non-infectious inflammation. However, test properties were insufficient for diagnostic purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-019-2549-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Fan W, Yang X, Huang F, Tong X, Zhu L, Wang S. Identification of CD206 as a potential biomarker of cancer stem-like cells and therapeutic agent in liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3218-3226. [PMID: 31452799 PMCID: PMC6704291 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor (CD206) functions in endocytosis and phagocytosis, and plays an important role in immune homeostasis. Tumor-associated macrophages express high level of CD206 and are thought to contribute to cancer progression through tumor immunosuppression, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, the significance of CD206 in the pathology of liver cancer has not been investigated. The present study evaluated the clinical significance of CD206 in the progression and prognosis of liver cancer in pathological tissues from 327 patients. Increased CD206 expression was observed in liver cancer samples compared with healthy adjacent liver tissue (42.8 vs. 62.4%; P<0.05). CD206 expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.009) and metastasis (P=0.041). The recurrence free survival rate of patients with CD206-positive liver cancer was significantly decreased compared with patients with CD206-negative liver cancer (P=0.003). A Cox regression model revealed that liver cancer survival was independently associated with tumor size, metastasis and α-fetoprotein value. The results further revealed that CD206 expression in cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells was comparable to other internationally recognized biomarkers. Additionally, when CD206 expression was silenced in the liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 using a short hairpin RNA approach, migration and invasion of the cells significantly decreased compared with controls (P<0.01). CD206 expression in liver cancer significantly influences distant metastasis and spread, resulting in poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, CD206 may be a potential biomarker in CSC-like cells to predict the occurrence of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Fan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Lifen Zhu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Nielsen MC, Andersen MN, Rittig N, Rødgaard-Hansen S, Grønbaek H, Moestrup SK, Møller HJ, Etzerodt A. The macrophage-related biomarkers sCD163 and sCD206 are released by different shedding mechanisms. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1129-1138. [PMID: 31242338 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1218-500r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemoglobin receptor CD163 and the mannose receptor CD206 are both expressed on the surface of human macrophages. Upon inflammatory activation, the receptors are shed from the macrophage surface generating soluble products. The plasma concentration of both soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble CD206 (sCD206) are increased in several diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancer. Here, we show that in contrast to CD163, LPS-mediated shedding of CD206 in humans is slow and a result of indirect signaling. Although both sCD163 and sCD206 were increased in response to LPS stimulation in vivo, only CD163 was shed from LPS-stimulated macrophages in vitro. Although both sCD163 and sCD206 were released from cultured macrophages stimulated with zymosan and PMA, shedding of CD206 was generally slower and less efficient and not reduced by inhibitors against the major protease classes. These data indicate that CD163 and CD206 are shed from the macrophages by very different mechanisms potentially involving distinctive inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Nørgaard Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Yan H, Dong M, Liu X, Shen Q, He D, Huang X, Zhang E, Lin X, Chen Q, Guo X, Chen J, Zheng G, Wang G, He J, Yi Q, Cai Z. Multiple myeloma cell-derived IL-32γ increases the immunosuppressive function of macrophages by promoting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression. Cancer Lett 2019; 446:38-48. [PMID: 30660652 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of multiple myeloma (MM) cells with macrophages (MΦs) contributes to the pathophysiology of MM. We previously showed that IL-32 is overexpressed in MM patients. The present study was designed to explore the clinical significance of IL-32 in MM and to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the IL-32-mediated immune function of MΦs. Our results showed that high IL-32 expression in MM patients was associated with more advanced clinical stage. RNA-sequencing revealed that IL-32γ significantly induced the production of the immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in MΦs, and this effect was verified by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, MM cells with IL-32-knockdown showed a reduced ability to promote IDO expression. As a binding protein for IL-32, proteinase 3 (PR3) was universally expressed on the surfaces of MΦs, and knockdown of PR3 or inhibition of the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways hindered the IL-32γ-mediated stimulation of IDO expression. Finally, IDO-positive IL-32γ-educated MΦs inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production. Taken together, our results indicate that IL-32γ derived from MM cells promotes the immunosuppressive function of MΦs and is a potential target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimeng Yan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinling Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donghua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanru Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, China.
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Heftdal LD, Loft AG, Hendricks O, Ashouri Christiansen A, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Arnbak B, Jurik AG, Østgård R, Winding Deleuran B, Møller HJ, Greisen SR. Divergent effects on macrophage biomarkers soluble CD163 and CD206 in axial spondyloarthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018; 78:483-489. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1500704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Gitte Loft
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oliver Hendricks
- King Christian 10th Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Gråsten and Hospital of Southern Jutland, Jutland, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alice Ashouri Christiansen
- King Christian 10th Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Gråsten and Hospital of Southern Jutland, Jutland, Denmark
| | - Berit Schiøttz-Christensen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt Middelfart, Middelfart, Denmark
| | - Bodil Arnbak
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Lillebaelt, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anne Grethe Jurik
- Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt Middelfart, Middelfart, Denmark
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - René Østgård
- Diagnostic Center, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Bent Winding Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
The published during last few years data concerning communicative role of lectins (proteins and their complexes which recognize carbohydrates, glycoconjugates and their patterns) in on-duty supporting and increasing anticancer status of human immunity are analyzed. Examples of lectin-(glycoconjugate pattern) strategies, approaches and tactic variants in study and development of anticancer treatments, principle variants of therapy, possible vaccines in 35 cases of blood connected tumors (leukemia, lymphomas, others), solid tumors (carcinomas, sarcoma, cancers of vaginal biotopes, prostate, bladder, colon, other intestinal compartments, pancreas, liver, kidneys, others) and cancer cell lines are described and systemized. The list of mostly used communicative lectins (pattern recognition receptors, their soluble forms, other soluble lectins possessing specificities of importance) involving in key intercellular cascades and pathway co-functioning is presented. The regulation of resulting expression of distinct active lectins (available and hetero/di/oligomeric forms) and their interaction to adequate glycoconjugate patterns as well as influence distribution of co-functioning lectins and antigens CD between populations and subpopulations of antigen-presented cells (dendritic cells cDC, mDC, moDC, pDC; macrophages M2 and M1), mucosal M-cells, NK-cells play key role for choice and development of anticancer complex procedures increasing innate and innate-coupled immune responses. Prospects of (receptor lectin)-dependent intercellular communications and targeting glycoconjugate constructions into innate immunity cells for therapy of cancer and development of anticancer vaccines are evaluated and discussed.
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Ding D, Yao Y, Yang C, Zhang S. Identification of mannose receptor and CD163 as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:689-700. [PMID: 29226859 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingmen First People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingmen First People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen First People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingmen First People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Changming Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jingmen First People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingmen First People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
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36
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Marie Relster M, Gaini S, Møller HJ, Johansen IS, Pedersen C. The macrophage activation marker sMR as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with acute infectious disease with or without sepsis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018; 78:180-186. [PMID: 29383956 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1431841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality. This study aims to assess the utility of the soluble mannose receptor (sMR) as a biomarker of sepsis and mortality in patients hospitalized with suspected infection. Using an in-house ELISA assay the concentration of sMR was analyzed in the serum of patients from three prospective studies. Using Sepsis-3 guidelines, patients were stratified as no infection (NI, n = 68), verified infection without sepsis (NSEP, n = 133) and verified infection with sepsis (SEP, n = 190). Adverse outcome was assessed as death before 28 days. We show that the sensitivity of sMR to predict mortality [area under curve (AUC) = 0.77] exceeded the sensitivity of procalcitonin (PCT, AUC = 0.63), C-reactive protein (CRP, AUC = 0.61) and the macrophage soluble receptor, CD163 (sCD163, AUC = 0.74), while it was less accurate to predict diagnosis of sepsis [AUC(sMR) = 0.69 vs. AUC(PCT) = 0.79, AUC(CRP) = 0.71 and AUC(sCD163) = 0.66]. Median sMR was significantly higher in the group with SEP (0.55 mg/L), compared with the groups without sepsis (NI and NSEP) (0.39 mg/L, p < .0001), and among those who died compared to those who survived (0.89 mg/L vs. 0.44 mg/L, p < .0001). Our results, and the current literature, support further evaluation of sMR as a biomarker of sepsis and mortality among patients hospitalized with suspected infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Marie Relster
- a Department Infectious Diseases , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Shahin Gaini
- a Department Infectious Diseases , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark.,b Medical Department, Infectious Diseases Division , National Hospital Faroe Islands , Torshavn , The Faroe Islands.,c Centre of Health Research , University of the Faroe Islands , Torshavn , The Faroe Islands
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- d Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | | | - Court Pedersen
- a Department Infectious Diseases , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
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37
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Bhaskaran N, Ghosh SK, Yu X, Qin S, Weinberg A, Pandiyan P, Ye F. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection promotes differentiation and polarization of monocytes into tumor-associated macrophages. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1611-1621. [PMID: 28750175 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1356509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. These myeloid cells originate from monocytes, which differentiate into TAMs upon exposure to the local tumor microenvironment. We previously reported that Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infection of endothelial cells induces the cytokine angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) to promote migration of monocytes into tumors. Here we report that KSHV infection of endothelial cells induces additional cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) that drive monocytes to differentiate and polarize into TAMs. The KSHV-induced TAMs not only express TAM-specific markers such as CD-163 and legumain (LGMN) but also display a gene expression profile with characteristic features of viral infection. More importantly, KSHV-induced TAMs enhance tumor growth in nude mice. These results are consistent with the strong presence of TAMs in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tumors. Therefore, KSHV infection of endothelial cells generates a local microenvironment that not only promotes the recruitment of monocytes but also induces their differentiation and polarization into TAMs. These findings reveal a new mechanism of KSHV contribution to KS tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Santosh K Ghosh
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.,b Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resource , College of Life Sciences, Hubei University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Sanhai Qin
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Fengchun Ye
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
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38
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Ding D, Song Y, Yao Y, Zhang S. Preoperative serum macrophage activated biomarkers soluble mannose receptor (sMR) and soluble haemoglobin scavenger receptor (sCD163), as novel markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2982-2990. [PMID: 28928836 PMCID: PMC5588128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble mannose receptor (sMR) and soluble haemoglobin scavenger receptor (sCD163) are macrophage activation markers which have previously been demonstrated to be increased in patients with inflammation, auto-immunity and malignancies. To investigate the clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance of preoperative serum sMR and sCD163, the present study investigated 143 gastric cancer (GC) patients, 66 subjects with benign gastric disease and 59 healthy controls, using an ELISA assay. Preoperative serum levels of sMR and sCD163 ranged from 0.165 to 0.885 µg/ml (median=0.374 µg/ml) and from 0.291 to 1.760 µg/ml (median=0.628 µg/ml) in GC patients, respectively. The expression levels of sMR and sCD163 were elevated compared with all controls (P<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses suggested that the optimum diagnostic cut-offs for sMR and sCD163 were 0.3405 µg/ml [area under curve (AUC) 0.7284, sensitivity 61.54%, and specificity 73.60%] and 0.6645 µg/ml (AUC 0.7766, sensitivity 53.85%, and specificity 86.40%), respectively. Notably, the measurement of serum sMR and sCD163 levels in conjugation, markedly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.8490, sensitivity 70.63% and specificity 84.00%). Preoperative serum sMR and sCD163 levels correlated significantly with serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA199, CA724 and CA125 concentrations in GC patients (P<0.05), however this association was not observed with sMR and CA724. High preoperative serum sMR and sCD163 levels correlated significantly with shorter overall survival (P=0.0041; P<0.0001, respectively) and were demonstrated to act as adverse prognostic factors (P=0.006; P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, preoperative serum sMR and sCD163 levels correlated positively with the degree of lymphatic and distant metastasis of GC. In conclusion, preoperative serum sMR and sCD163 may be novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC and further studies are required in order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of sMR and CD163 in the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
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Andersen MN, Ludvigsen M, Abildgaard N, Petruskevicius I, Hjortebjerg R, Bjerre M, Honoré B, Møller HJ, Andersen NF. Serum galectin-1 in patients with multiple myeloma: associations with survival, angiogenesis, and biomarkers of macrophage activation. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1977-1982. [PMID: 28435287 PMCID: PMC5388249 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s124321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is known to regulate cell signaling within the immune system and may be a target for new anticancer immune therapy. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), high levels of Gal-1 within the tumor microenvironment were associated with worse disease state or poor outcome. Gal-1 can be secreted from cells by an unknown mechanism, and levels in blood samples were associated with high tumor burden and worse disease state in cHL and CLL patients. However, serum levels of Gal-1 have never been investigated in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We measured serum Gal-1 levels in samples from patients with treatment demanding MM at the time of diagnosis (n=102) and after treatment (n=24) and examined associations of serum Gal-1 with clinicopathological information obtained from patient medical records, as well as data on bone marrow angiogenesis and the macrophage activation biomarkers soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble mannose receptor. Serum Gal-1 levels were not elevated in patients with MM at diagnosis compared with healthy donors (median values 8.48 vs 11.93 ng/mL, P=0.05), which is in contrast to results in cHL and CLL. Furthermore, Gal-1 levels did not show association with bone marrow angiogenesis, clinicopathological parameters, overall survival, or response to treatment. There was a statically significant association between Gal-1 and sCD163 levels (R=0.24, P=0.02), but not with soluble mannose receptor (P=0.92). In conclusion, our results indicate that Gal-1 is not an important serum biomarker in MM, which is in contrast to data from patients with cHL and CLL. However, the association with sCD163 is in line with previous data showing that Gal-1 may be involved in alternative (M2-like) activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nørgaard Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry.,Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University.,Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus
| | | | | | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University
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De Beule N, De Veirman K, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Menu E, Breckpot K, De Raeve H, Van Rampelbergh R, Van Ginderachter JA, Schots R, Van Valckenborgh E, Vanderkerken K. Tumour-associated macrophage-mediated survival of myeloma cells through STAT3 activation. J Pathol 2017; 241:534-546. [PMID: 27976373 DOI: 10.1002/path.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The interaction of myeloma cells with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is a major factor contributing to drug resistance. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) with different polarization states constitute an important component of this microenvironment. Previous studies have revealed a role of TAMs in MM cell survival and drug resistance; however, the impact of macrophage polarization (anti-tumoural 'M1' versus pro-tumoural 'M2'-like phenotype) in this process has not yet been described. Here, the presence of TAMs was confirmed in BM sections from MM patients, both at diagnosis and relapse, with two M2 markers, CD163 and CD206. By following different TAM subpopulations during disease progression in the syngeneic murine 5T33MM model, we demonstrated a decrease in the number of inflammatory monocytes and an increase in the number of M2-oriented TAMs in BM. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that macrophages provide a survival benefit to myeloma cells that is maintained after treatment with several classes of anti-myeloma agent (melphalan and bortezomib); the greatest effect was observed with M2-polarized macrophages. The pro-survival effect was associated with activation of the STAT3 pathway in 5T33MM cells, less cleavage of caspase-3, and thus less apoptosis. AZD1480, an ATP-competitive JAK2 inhibitor, abrogated the observed TAM-mediated MM cell survival, and partially inhibited resistance to bortezomib. Despite having only a small quantitative impact on myeloid cells in vivo, AZD1480 treatment alone and in combination with bortezomib significantly reduced tumour load. In conclusion, M2 TAMs are present in the MM microenvironment, and contribute to MM cell survival and protection from drug-induced apoptosis. As a result of TAM-induced activation of the STAT3 pathway, 5T33MM cells are sensitized to AZD1480 treatment. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan De Beule
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrik De Raeve
- Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Evaluation of the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophage reprogramming in multiple myeloma. Blood 2016; 128:2241-2252. [PMID: 27625360 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-695395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are important components of the multiple myeloma (MM) microenvironment that support malignant plasma cell survival and resistance to therapy. It has been proposed that macrophages (MØ) retain the capacity to change in response to stimuli that can restore their antitumor functions. Here, we investigated several approaches to reprogram MØ as a novel therapeutic strategy in MM. First, we found tumor-limiting and tumor-supporting capabilities for monocyte-derived M1-like MØ and M2-like MØ, respectively, when mixed with MM cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Multicolor confocal microscopy revealed that MM-associated MØ displayed a predominant M2-like phenotype in the bone marrow of MM patient samples, and a high expression of the pro-M2 cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). To reprogram the protumoral M2-like MØ present in MM toward antitumoral M1-like MØ, we tested the pro-M1 cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus blockade of the M2 cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor or MIF. The combination of GM-CSF plus the MIF inhibitor 4-iodo-6-phenyl-pyrimidine achieved the best reprogramming responses toward an M1 profile, at both gene and protein expression levels, as well as remarkable tumoricidal effects. Furthermore, this combined treatment elicited MØ-dependent therapeutic responses in MM xenograft mouse models, which were linked to upregulation of M1 and reciprocal downregulation of M2 MØ markers. Our results reveal the therapeutic potential of reprogramming MØ in the context of MM.
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42
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Pradel LP, Ooi CH, Romagnoli S, Cannarile MA, Sade H, Rüttinger D, Ries CH. Macrophage Susceptibility to Emactuzumab (RG7155) Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:3077-3086. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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