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Andersen MN, Andersen NF, Lauridsen KL, Etzerodt A, Sorensen BS, Abildgaard N, Plesner T, Hokland M, Møller HJ. STAT3 is over-activated within CD163 pos bone marrow macrophages in both Multiple Myeloma and the benign pre-condition MGUS. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:177-187. [PMID: 34061243 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) support cancer cell survival and suppress anti-tumour immunity. Tumour infiltration by CD163pos TAMs is associated with poor outcome in several human malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is over-activated in human cancers, and specifically within TAMs activation of STAT3 may induce an immunosuppressive (M2-like) phenotype. Therefore, STAT3-inhibition in TAMs may be a future therapeutic strategy.We investigated TAM markers CD163, CD206, and activated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in patients with MGUS (n = 32) and MM (n = 45), as well as healthy controls (HCs, n = 13).Blood levels of the macrophage biomarkers sCD163 and sCD206, and circulating cytokines, as well as bone marrow mRNA expression of CD163 and CD206, were generally increased in MGUS and MM patients, compared to HCs, but to highly similar levels. By immunohistochemistry, bone marrow levels of pSTAT3 were increased specifically within CD163pos cells in both MGUS and MM patients.In conclusion, macrophage-related inflammatory changes, including activation of STAT3, were present already at the MGUS stage, at similar levels as in MM. Specific increase in pSTAT3 levels within CD163pos cells supports that the CD163 scavenger receptor may be a useful target for future delivery of STAT3-inhibitory drugs to TAMs in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten N Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Niels F Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Boe S Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Plesner
- Department of Histopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Collin LJ, Ulrichsen SP, Ahern TP, Goodman M, McCullough LE, Waller LA, Bang Christensen K, Damkier P, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Lauridsen KL, Yacoub R, Christiansen PM, Ejlertsen B, Sørensen HT, Cronin-Fenton DP, Lash TL. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1:2 and breast cancer recurrence: a Danish population-based study. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:329-333. [PMID: 31671023 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1684560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Collin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sinna P. Ulrichsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas P. Ahern
- Department of Surgery, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren E. McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Per Damkier
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rami Yacoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peer M. Christiansen
- Breast Unit, Aarhus University Hospital/Randers Regional Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ahern TP, Collin LJ, Baurley JW, Kjærsgaard A, Nash R, Maliniak ML, Damkier P, Zwick ME, Isett RB, Christiansen PM, Ejlertsen B, Lauridsen KL, Christensen KB, Silliman RA, Sørensen HT, Tramm T, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Lash TL, Cronin-Fenton D. Metabolic Pathway Analysis and Effectiveness of Tamoxifen in Danish Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:582-590. [PMID: 31932415 PMCID: PMC7060091 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen and its metabolites compete with estrogen to occupy the estrogen receptor. The conventional dose of adjuvant tamoxifen overwhelms estrogen in this competition, reducing breast cancer recurrence risk by nearly half. Phase I metabolism generates active tamoxifen metabolites, and phase II metabolism deactivates them. No earlier pharmacogenetic study has comprehensively evaluated the metabolism and transport pathways, and no earlier study has included a large population of premenopausal women. METHODS We completed a cohort study of 5,959 Danish nonmetastatic premenopausal breast cancer patients, in whom 938 recurrences occurred, and a case-control study of 541 recurrent cases in a cohort of Danish predominantly postmenopausal breast cancer patients, all followed for 10 years. We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks and genotyped 32 variants in 15 genes involved in tamoxifen metabolism or transport. We estimated conventional associations for each variant and used prior information about the tamoxifen metabolic path to evaluate the importance of metabolic and transporter pathways. RESULTS No individual variant was notably associated with risk of recurrence in either study population. Both studies showed weak evidence of the importance of phase I metabolism in the clinical response to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior knowledge, our results support the role of phase I metabolic capacity in clinical response to tamoxifen. Nonetheless, no individual variant substantially explained the modest phase I effect on tamoxifen response. IMPACT These results are consistent with guidelines recommending against genotype-guided prescribing of tamoxifen, and for the first time provide evidence supporting these guidelines in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Ahern
- Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Lindsay J Collin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Anders Kjærsgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maret L Maliniak
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Per Damkier
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory Integrated Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - R Benjamin Isett
- Emory Integrated Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peer M Christiansen
- Breast Unit, Aarhus University Hospital/Randers Regional Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Group, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rebecca A Silliman
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Collin LJ, Cronin-Fenton DP, Ahern TP, Christensen KB, Damkier P, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Kjaersgaard A, Lauridsen KL, Yacoub R, Christiansen P, Sørensen HT, Lash TL. Expression of survivin does not appear to influence breast cancer recurrence risk. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:154-161. [PMID: 30351173 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1503419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis, and its expression associates with poor outcomes in multiple cancers. It may be a therapeutic target due to its unique expression in cancer cells. METHODS We estimated the association between nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression in primary tumors and breast cancer recurrence. In this case-control study, we included women age 35-69, diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 1985 and 2001, and registered with the Danish Breast Cancer Group. We identified 541 patients with breast cancer recurrence with estrogen receptor-positive disease who were treated with tamoxifen for at least 1 year (ER+/TAM+) and 300 with estrogen receptor-negative carcinomas, not treated with tamoxifen, and who survived at least 1 year (ER-/TAM-). Controls were matched to cases on ER/TAM status, date of surgery, menopausal status, stage and county. Survivin expression was estimated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. We fit logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associating nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression with recurrence. RESULTS Associations between nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression and breast cancer recurrence were near-null in both ER+/TAM + and ER-/TAM - strata. For the cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio (CNR) of survivin expression, we found a null association in the ER+/TAM + group comparing CNR ≥5 with CNR <5, but an association (OR =2.48, 95% CI: 1.15, 5.31) in the ER-/TAM - group. CONCLUSIONS Survivin expression was not associated with breast cancer recurrence in this study. The CNR ratio may warrant further investigation especially among ER - tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Collin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Thomas P. Ahern
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Per Damkier
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Kjaersgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rami Yacoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peer Christiansen
- Breast Unit, Aarhus Denmark and on behalf of the Danish Breast Cancer Group, Aarhus University Hospital/Randers Regional Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Brantley KD, Kjærsgaard A, Cronin-Fenton D, Yacoub R, Nielsen AS, Lauridsen KL, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Lash TL. Stanniocalcin Expression as a Predictor of Late Breast Cancer Recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:653-659. [PMID: 29593009 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Expression of human paracrine hormones stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) may potentiate late breast cancer recurrence. We tested the hypothesis that expression of STC1 and STC2 in primary breast tumors is more strongly associated with late versus early recurrences.Methods: A total of 541 estrogen receptor-positive, tamoxifen-treated (ER+/TAM+) and 300 ER-negative, tamoxifen-untreated (ER-/TAM-) breast cancer patients who experienced recurrence within 10 years of primary diagnosis and matched recurrence-free controls were selected from a cohort of 11,251 Danish breast cancer patients diagnosed with stage I, II, or III breast cancer during 1985 to 2001. The association between IHC expression of STC1 and STC2 in primary breast tumor tissue microarrays and breast cancer recurrence was evaluated within median time to recurrence quintiles.Results: The association between STC1 expression, dichotomized as positive or negative, and recurrence was strongly positive for the final time quintile (6-10 years postdiagnosis) in the ER+/TAM+ group [aOR = 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-5.98]. Regression of the log ORs relating dichotomous STC1 and STC2 expression to recurrence by median time to recurrence (year) resulted in a relatively large positive effect estimate for STC1 (β = 0.16; 95% CI, -0.03-0.36) and a near-null positive effect estimate for STC2 (β = 0.04; 95% CI, -0.14-0.21).Conclusions: Our results suggest a stronger association between primary tumor STC1 expression and late recurrence, as opposed to early recurrence, although no clear trend was apparent.Impact: STC1 expression in the primary tumor may potentiate late recurrences, suggesting dormancy pathways that merit further investigation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 653-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Brantley
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Anders Kjærsgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rami Yacoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anja S Nielsen
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cronin-Fenton DP, Hellberg Y, Lauridsen KL, Ahern TP, Garne JP, Rosenberg C, Silliman RA, Sørensen HT, Lash TL, Hamilton-Dutoit S. Factors associated with concordant estrogen receptor expression at diagnosis and centralized re-assay in a Danish population-based breast cancer study. Acta Oncol 2012; 51:254-61. [PMID: 22129357 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2011.633556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor (ER) expression predicts tamoxifen response, which halves the risk of breast cancer recurrence. We examined clinical factors associated with concordance between ER expression at diagnosis and centralized re-assay, and the association of concordance with breast cancer recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to assess ER expression on archived fixed, paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma tissue excised from women aged 35-69 years, diagnosed 1985-2001 in Jutland, Denmark. We calculated the percentage agreement, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ER status at diagnosis and re-assay. We used logistic regression to investigate factors associated with concordance, and its association with recurrence (odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)). RESULTS ER was re-assayed in 91% of patients (n = 1530). Concordance was better in ER + than ER- tumors (PPV = 94% vs. NPV = 75%). Factors associated with concordance included menopausal status, tumor size, surgical procedure, diagnostic period, lymph node status and time to recurrence. ER + women at diagnosis who re-assayed ER + were less likely to have recurrent disease (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.86) than those who re-assayed ER-. In originally ER- women, concordance was not associated with recurrence (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.42). CONCLUSIONS Several clinical factors were associated with ER assay concordance. Some women were ineffectively treated with tamoxifen, or required but did not receive tamoxifen. We observed almost exactly the protective effect of endocrine therapy among tamoxifen-treated ER + women whose tumors expressed the ER on re-assay, compared with those ER- on re-assay. Diagnostic pathology results for ER + tumors appear a valid and useful resource for research studies. However, those for ER- tumors have lower validity. Study-specific considerations regarding the aims, diagnostic period, and consequences of including ER- patients with truly ER + disease ought to be examined when using diagnostic pathology results for ER- tumors in research studies.
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