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Ito K, Otani S, Date Y. p53 Deficiency-Dependent Oncogenicity of Runx3. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081122. [PMID: 37190031 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The RUNX transcription factors are frequently dysregulated in human cancers, suggesting their potential as attractive targets for drug treatment. However, all three transcription factors have been described as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes, indicating the need to determine their molecular mechanisms of action. Although RUNX3 has long been considered a tumor suppressor in human cancers, several recent studies have shown that RUNX3 is upregulated during the development or progression of various malignant tumors, suggesting it may act as a "conditional" oncogene. Resolving this paradox and understanding how a single gene can exhibit both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties is essential for successful drug targeting of RUNX. This review describes the evidence for the activities of RUNX3 in human cancer and proposes an explanation for the duality of RUNX3 involving the status of p53. In this model, p53 deficiency causes RUNX3 to become oncogenic, leading to aberrant upregulation of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shohei Otani
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Date
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
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2
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Wang B, Hua X, Zhang J, Gu W, Li H. Prognostication refinement in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia stratified by FLT3-ITD status with different induction doses of cytarabine. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9420-9433. [PMID: 36808479 PMCID: PMC10166952 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to retrospectively discern the heterogeneity of outcomes from clinicopathological characteristics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) data in adult patients with NPM1-mutated (NPM1mut ) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced with standard-dose (SD, 100-200 mg/m2 ) and intermediate-dose (ID, 1000-2000 mg/m2 ) cytarabine arabinose (Ara-C). METHODS In the entire cohort and FLT3-ITD subgroups, multivariate Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the comprehensive complete remission (cCR) rate after one or two induction cycles, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Among a total of 203 NPM1mut patients evaluable for clinical outcome, 144 (70.9%) received a first SD-Ara-C induction and 59 (29.1%) received ID-Ara-C induction. Early death was recorded in seven (3.4%) after one or two cycles of induction. Focusing analysis on the NPM1mut /FLT3-ITD(-) subgroup, independent factors showing inferior outcome were presence of TET2 mutation [cCR rate, OR = 12.82 (95%CI 1.93-85.28), p = 0.008; EFS, HR = 2.92 (95%CI 1.46-5.86), p = 0.003], increasing age [EFS, HR = 1.49 (95%CI 1.10-2.02), p = 0.012 by every 10-years elevation], white blood cell count ≥60 × 109 /L [EFS, HR = 3.30 (95%CI 1.63-6.70), p = 0.001], and ≥4 mutated genes at initial diagnosis [OS, HR = 5.54 (95%CI 1.77-17.33), p = 0.003]. In contrast, when focusing on the NPM1mut /FLT3-ITD(+) subgroup, factors showing superior outcome were ID-Ara-C induction [cCR rate, OR = 0.20 (95%CI 0.05-0.81), p = 0.025; EFS, HR = 0.27 (95%CI 0.13-0.60), p = 0.001] and allo-transplantation [OS, HR = 0.45 (95%CI 0.21-0.94), p = 0.033]. Factors showing inferior outcome included CD34(+) [cCR rate, OR = 6.22 (95%CI 1.86-20.77), p = 0.003; EFS, HR = 2.01 (95%CI 1.12-3.61), p = 0.020] and ≥5 mutated genes [OS, HR = 2.85 (95%CI 1.33-6.10), p = 0.007]. CONCLUSION We conclude that TET2(+) , age, and white blood cell count convey an outcome risk modulation for AML with NPM1mut /FLT3-ITD(-) , as does CD34 and ID-Ara-C induction for NPM1mut /FLT3-ITD(+) . The findings permit re-stratification of NPM1mut AML into distinct prognostic subsets to guide risk-adapted individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou), Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Hua
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou), Changzhou, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiying Gu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou), Changzhou, China
| | - Haiqian Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou), Changzhou, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Rinaldi I, Wanandi SI. Resistance Mechanism of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Against Daunorubicin and Cytarabine: A Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e33165. [PMID: 36726936 PMCID: PMC9885730 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy commonly found in adult patients. Low overall survival and resistance to therapy are the main issues in AML. The first line of treatment for AML chemotherapy is the induction phase, namely, the phase to induce remission by administering a combination of daunorubicin (DNR) for three days followed by administration of cytarabine (Ara-C) with continuous infusion for seven days, which is referred to as "3 + 7." Such induction therapy has been the standard therapy for AML for the last four decades. This review article is made to discuss daunorubicin and cytarabine from their chemical structure, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of resistance in AML.
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4
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Kanumuri R, Chelluboyina AK, Biswal J, Vignesh R, Pandian J, Venu A, Vaishnavi B, Leena DJ, Jeyaraman J, Ganesan K, Aradhyam GK, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. Small peptide inhibitor from the sequence of RUNX3 disrupts PAK1-RUNX3 interaction and abrogates its phosphorylation-dependent oncogenic function. Oncogene 2021; 40:5327-5341. [PMID: 34253860 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
P21 Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) is an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase known to play a significant role in the regulation of cytoskeleton and cell morphology. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was initially known for its tumor suppressor function, but recent studies have reported the oncogenic role of RUNX3 in various cancers. Previous findings from our laboratory provided evidence that Threonine 209 phosphorylation of RUNX3 acts as a molecular switch in dictating the tissue-specific dualistic functions of RUNX3 for the first time. Based on these proofs and to explore the translational significance of these findings, we designed a small peptide (RMR) from the protein sequence of RUNX3 flanking the Threonine 209 phosphorylation site. The selection of this specific peptide from multiple possible peptides was based on their binding energies, hydrogen bonding, docking efficiency with the active site of PAK1 and their ability to displace PAK1-RUNX3 interaction in our prediction models. We found that this peptide is stable both in in vitro and in vivo conditions, not toxic to normal cells and inhibits the Threonine 209 phosphorylation in RUNX3 by PAK1. We also tested the efficacy of this peptide to block the RUNX3 Threonine 209 phosphorylation mediated tumorigenic functions in in vitro cell culture models, patient-derived explant (PDE) models and in in vivo tumor xenograft models. These results proved that this peptide has the potential to be developed as an efficient therapeutic molecule for targeting RUNX3 Threonine 209 phosphorylation-dependent tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Aruna Kumar Chelluboyina
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- Division of General Medical Sciences - Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jayashree Biswal
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Ravichandran Vignesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jaishree Pandian
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Akkanapally Venu
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Vaishnavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D J Leena
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Kumaresan Ganesan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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5
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Yokomizo-Nakano T, Sashida G. Two faces of RUNX3 in myeloid transformation. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:14-20. [PMID: 33600870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RUNX3, a transcription factor, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including hematological malignancies; however, recent studies revealed an oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. In contrast to the high frequency of mutations in the RUNX1 gene, deletion of and loss-of-function mutations in RUNX3 are rarely detected in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Although RUNX3 is expressed in normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, its expression decreases with aging in humans. The loss of Runx3 did not result in the development of lethal hematological diseases in mice despite the expansion of myeloid cells. Therefore, RUNX3 does not appear to initiate the transformation of normal hematopoietic stem cells. However, the overexpression of RUNX3 inhibits the expression and transcriptional function of the RUNX1 gene, but activates the expression of key oncogenic pathways, such as MYC, resulting in the transformation of premalignant stem cells harboring a driver genetic mutation. We herein discuss the mechanisms by which RUNX3 is activated and how RUNX3 exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in premalignant stem cells to drive myeloid transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Gurnari C, Pagliuca S, Visconte V. Deciphering the Therapeutic Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228505. [PMID: 33198085 PMCID: PMC7697160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation, lack of cellular differentiation, and infiltration of bone marrow, peripheral blood, or other organs. Induction failure and in general resistance to chemotherapeutic agents represent a hindrance for improving survival outcomes in AML. Here, we review the latest insights in AML biology concerning refractoriness to therapies with a specific focus on cytarabine and daunorubicin which still represent milestones agents for inducing therapeutic response and disease eradication. However, failure to achieve complete remission in AML is still high especially in elderly patients (40-60% in patients >65 years old). Several lines of basic and clinical research have been employed to improve the achievement of complete remission. These lines of research include molecular targeted therapy and more recently immunotherapy. In terms of molecular targeted therapies, specific attention is given to DNMT3A and TP53 mutant AML by reviewing the mechanisms underlying epigenetic therapies' (e.g., hypomethylating agents) resistance and providing critical points and hints for possible future therapies overcoming AML refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (C.G.); (S.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pagliuca
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (C.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (C.G.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-6895
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7
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Rehman AU, Iqbal MA, Sattar RSA, Saikia S, Kashif M, Ali WM, Medhi S, Saluja SS, Husain SA. Elevated expression of RUNX3 co-expressing with EZH2 in esophageal cancer patients from India. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:445. [PMID: 32943993 PMCID: PMC7488393 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt related transcription factor3 (RUNX3) is considered as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that functions through the TGF-β dependent apoptosis. Promoter methylation of the CpG islands of RUNX3 and overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been suggested to downregulate RUNX3 in cancer. Methods Here, we studied the expression of RUNX3 and EZH2 in 58 esophageal tumors along with paired adjacent normal tissue. mRNA levels, protein expressions and cellular localizations of EZH2 and RUNX3 were analyzed using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. DNA methylation was further assessed by the methylation specific-PCR. Results Compared to normal tissue, a significant increase in expression of RUNX3 mRNA in 31/57 patient’s tumor tissue (p < 0.04) was observed. The expression of EZH2 was found to be upregulated compared to normal, and a significant positive correlation between EZH2 and RUNX3 expression was observed (p = 0.002). 22 of the 27 unmethylated cases at the promoter region of the RUNX3 had elevated RUNX3 protein expression (p < 0.001). Conclusion The data presented in this study provide new insights into the biology of RUNX3 and highlights the need to revisit our current understanding of the role of RUNX3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | | | | | - Snigdha Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Guist, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Wasif Mohammad Ali
- Department of Surgery, JN Medical College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, UP India
| | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Guist, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, G B Pant Hospital & Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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Yamashita Y, Hori Y, Kosako H, Oiwa T, Warigaya K, Mushino T, Murata S, Fujimoto M, Nishikawa A, Murata SI, Sonoki T, Tamura S. Brentuximab vedotin for refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma in leukemic phase with RUNX3 overexpression. Hematol Rep 2020; 12:8368. [PMID: 32499905 PMCID: PMC7256628 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2020.8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive CD30-positive non- Hodgkin lymphoma. ALK-ALCL rarely manifests with extensive bone marrow and peripheral blood involvement (known as “leukemic phase”). A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with ALK-ALCL in leukemic phase, characterized by an extremely poor prognosis. Lymphoma cells in this case showed chromosomal translocation 1p36.1- encoded RUNX3 and overexpression of its protein. She was refractory to CHOP and salvage chemotherapy. Fortunately, she achieved complete remission with three cycles of Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation. However, she died due to treatment-related mortality on day 129. The autopsy findings showed no lymphoma cells. Treatment strategy for ALK-ALCL is controversial, but the efficacy of BV in CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma not only as salvage regimens, but also in first line, has been reported in recent years. BV may be an effective option for ALK-ALCL in leukemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Warigaya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Murata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Yokomizo-Nakano T, Kubota S, Bai J, Hamashima A, Morii M, Sun Y, Katagiri S, Iimori M, Kanai A, Tanaka D, Oshima M, Harada Y, Ohyashiki K, Iwama A, Harada H, Osato M, Sashida G. Overexpression of RUNX3 Represses RUNX1 to Drive Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2523-2536. [PMID: 32341038 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3, a RUNX family transcription factor, regulates normal hematopoiesis and functions as a tumor suppressor in various tumors in humans and mice. However, emerging studies have documented increased expression of RUNX3 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) of a subset of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing a worse outcome, suggesting an oncogenic function for RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. To elucidate the oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of MDS in vivo, we generated a RUNX3-expressing, Tet2-deficient mouse model with the pancytopenia and dysplastic blood cells characteristic of MDS in patients. RUNX3-expressing cells markedly suppressed the expression levels of Runx1, a critical regulator of hemaotpoiesis in normal and malignant cells, as well as its target genes, which included crucial tumor suppressors such as Cebpa and Csf1r. RUNX3 bound these genes and remodeled their Runx1-binding regions in Tet2-deficient cells. Overexpression of RUNX3 inhibited the transcriptional function of Runx1 and compromised hematopoiesis to facilitate the development of MDS in the absence of Tet2, indicating that RUNX3 is an oncogene. Furthermore, overexpression of RUNX3 activated the transcription of Myc target genes and rendered cells sensitive to inhibition of Myc-Max heterodimerization. Collectively, these results reveal the mechanism by which RUNX3 overexpression exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in Tet2-deficient stem cells to drive the transformation of MDS. SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines the oncogenic effects of transcription factor RUNX3 in driving the transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome, highlighting RUNX3 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ai Hamashima
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | | | - Mihoko Iimori
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Harada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ohyashiki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Laboratory of Oncology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto Japan.
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10
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Date Y, Ito K. Oncogenic RUNX3: A Link between p53 Deficiency and MYC Dysregulation. Mol Cells 2020; 43:176-181. [PMID: 31991537 PMCID: PMC7057839 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The RUNX transcription factors serve as master regulators of development and are frequently dysregulated in human cancers. Among the three family members, RUNX3 is the least studied, and has long been considered to be a tumor-suppressor gene in human cancers. This idea is mainly based on the observation that RUNX3 is inactivated by genetic/epigenetic alterations or protein mislocalization during the initiation of tumorigenesis. Recently, this paradigm has been challenged, as several lines of evidence have shown that RUNX3 is upregulated over the course of tumor development. Resolving this paradox and understanding how a single gene can exhibit both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties is essential for successful drug targeting of RUNX. We propose a simple explanation for the duality of RUNX3: p53 status. In this model, p53 deficiency causes RUNX3 to become an oncogene, resulting in aberrant upregulation of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Date
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Impact of FLT3-ITD allele ratio and ITD length on therapeutic outcome in cytogenetically normal AML patients without NPM1 mutation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:740-748. [DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Liquitaya-Montiel AJ, Mendoza L. Dynamical Analysis of the Regulatory Network Controlling Natural Killer Cells Differentiation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1029. [PMID: 30116200 PMCID: PMC6082967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many disease fighting strategies have focused on the generation of NK cells, since they constitute the main immune barrier against cancer and intracellular pathogens such as viruses. Therefore, a predictive model for the development of NK cells would constitute a useful tool to test several hypotheses regarding the production of these cells during both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we present a boolean network model that reproduces experimental results reported on the literature regarding the progressive stages of the development of NK cells in wild-type and mutant backgrounds. The model allows for the simulation of different conditions, including extracellular micro-environment as well as the simulation of genetic alterations. It also describes how NK cell differentiation depends on a molecular regulatory network that controls the specification of lymphoid lineages, such as T and B cells, which share a common progenitor with NKs. Furthermore, the study shows that the structure of the regulatory network strongly determines the stability of the expression patterns against perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhemar J. Liquitaya-Montiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V. FLT3–ITD and its current role in acute myeloid leukaemia. Med Oncol 2017; 34:114. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Runx3 and Cell Fate Decisions in Pancreas Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:333-352. [PMID: 28299667 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX family transcription factors are critical regulators of development and frequently dysregulated in cancer. RUNX3, the least well characterized of the three family members, has been variously described as a tumor promoter or suppressor, sometimes with conflicting results and opinions in the same cancer and likely reflecting a complex role in oncogenesis. We recently identified RUNX3 expression as a crucial determinant of the predilection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells to proliferate locally or promulgate throughout the body. High RUNX3 expression induces the production and secretion of soluble factors that support metastatic niche construction and stimulates PDA cells to migrate and invade, while simultaneously suppressing proliferation through increased expression of cell cycle regulators such as CDKN1A/p21 WAF1/CIP1 . RUNX3 expression and function are coordinated by numerous transcriptional and post-translational inputs, and interactions with diverse cofactors influence whether the resulting RUNX3 complexes enact tumor suppressive or tumor promoting programs. Understanding these exquisitely context-dependent tumor cell behaviors has the potential to inform clinical decision-making including the most appropriate timing and sequencing of local vs. systemic therapies.
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Duncan VE, Ping Z, Varambally S, Peker D. Loss of RUNX3 expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:179-184. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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