1
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Abel HJ, Oetjen KA, Miller CA, Ramakrishnan SM, Day RB, Helton NM, Fronick CC, Fulton RS, Heath SE, Tarnawsky SP, Nonavinkere Srivatsan S, Duncavage EJ, Schroeder MC, Payton JE, Spencer DH, Walter MJ, Westervelt P, DiPersio JF, Ley TJ, Link DC. Genomic landscape of TP53-mutated myeloid malignancies. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4586-4598. [PMID: 37339484 PMCID: PMC10425686 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53-mutated myeloid malignancies are associated with complex cytogenetics and extensive structural variants, which complicates detailed genomic analysis by conventional clinical techniques. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 42 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cases with paired normal tissue to better characterize the genomic landscape of TP53-mutated AML/MDS. WGS accurately determines TP53 allele status, a key prognostic factor, resulting in the reclassification of 12% of cases from monoallelic to multihit. Although aneuploidy and chromothripsis are shared with most TP53-mutated cancers, the specific chromosome abnormalities are distinct to each cancer type, suggesting a dependence on the tissue of origin. ETV6 expression is reduced in nearly all cases of TP53-mutated AML/MDS, either through gene deletion or presumed epigenetic silencing. Within the AML cohort, mutations of NF1 are highly enriched, with deletions of 1 copy of NF1 present in 45% of cases and biallelic mutations in 17%. Telomere content is increased in TP53-mutated AMLs compared with other AML subtypes, and abnormal telomeric sequences were detected in the interstitial regions of chromosomes. These data highlight the unique features of TP53-mutated myeloid malignancies, including the high frequency of chromothripsis and structural variation, the frequent involvement of unique genes (including NF1 and ETV6) as cooperating events, and evidence for altered telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley J. Abel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Karolyn A. Oetjen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher A. Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sai M. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ryan B. Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nichole M. Helton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Catrina C. Fronick
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert S. Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sharon E. Heath
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stefan P. Tarnawsky
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Eric J. Duncavage
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Molly C. Schroeder
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jacqueline E. Payton
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David H. Spencer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew J. Walter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Tsatsakis A, Oikonomopoulou T, Nikolouzakis TK, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Flamourakis M, Renieri E, Fragkiadaki P, Iliaki E, Bachlitzanaki M, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Kakridonis F, Hatzidaki E, Tolia M, Svistunov AA, Spandidos DA, Nikitovic D, Tsiaoussis J, Berdiaki A. Role of telomere length in human carcinogenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:78. [PMID: 37232367 PMCID: PMC10552730 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered the most important clinical, social and economic issue regarding cause‑specific disability‑adjusted life years among all human pathologies. Exogenous, endogenous and individual factors, including genetic predisposition, participate in cancer triggering. Telomeres are specific DNA structures positioned at the end of chromosomes and consist of repetitive nucleotide sequences, which, together with shelterin proteins, facilitate the maintenance of chromosome stability, while protecting them from genomic erosion. Even though the connection between telomere status and carcinogenesis has been identified, the absence of a universal or even a cancer‑specific trend renders consent even more complex. It is indicative that both short and long telomere lengths have been associated with a high risk of cancer incidence. When evaluating risk associations between cancer and telomere length, a disparity appears to emerge. Even though shorter telomeres have been adopted as a marker of poorer health status and an older biological age, longer telomeres due to increased cell growth potential are associated with the acquirement of cancer‑initiating somatic mutations. Therefore, the present review aimed to comprehensively present the multifaceted pattern of telomere length and cancer incidence association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Tatiana Oikonomopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Evaggelia Iliaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Bachlitzanaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Fotios Kakridonis
- Department of Spine Surgery and Scoliosis, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Roka K, Solomou EE, Kattamis A. Telomere biology: from disorders to hematological diseases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167848. [PMID: 37274248 PMCID: PMC10235513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the length of telomeres and pathogenic variants involved in telomere length maintenance have been correlated with several human diseases. Recent breakthroughs in telomere biology knowledge have contributed to the identification of illnesses named "telomeropathies" and revealed an association between telomere length and disease outcome. This review emphasizes the biology and physiology aspects of telomeres and describes prototype diseases in which telomeres are implicated in their pathophysiology. We also provide information on the role of telomeres in hematological diseases ranging from bone marrow failure syndromes to acute and chronic leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Roka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Full Member of ERN GENTURIS, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E. Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Full Member of ERN GENTURIS, Athens, Greece
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4
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Abel HJ, Oetjen KA, Miller CA, Ramakrishnan SM, Day RB, Helton NM, Fronick CC, Fulton RS, Heath SE, Tarnawsky SP, Srivatsan SN, Duncavage EJ, Schroeder MC, Payton JE, Spencer DH, Walter MJ, Westervelt P, DiPersio JF, Ley TJ, Link DC. Genomic landscape of TP53 -mutated myeloid malignancies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.10.23284322. [PMID: 36711871 PMCID: PMC9882519 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.23284322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TP53 -mutated myeloid malignancies are most frequently associated with complex cytogenetics. The presence of complex and extensive structural variants complicates detailed genomic analysis by conventional clinical techniques. We performed whole genome sequencing of 42 AML/MDS cases with paired normal tissue to characterize the genomic landscape of TP53 -mutated myeloid malignancies. The vast majority of cases had multi-hit involvement at the TP53 genetic locus (94%), as well as aneuploidy and chromothripsis. Chromosomal patterns of aneuploidy differed significantly from TP53 -mutated cancers arising in other tissues. Recurrent structural variants affected regions that include ETV6 on chr12p, RUNX1 on chr21, and NF1 on chr17q. Most notably for ETV6 , transcript expression was low in cases of TP53 -mutated myeloid malignancies both with and without structural rearrangements involving chromosome 12p. Telomeric content is increased in TP53 -mutated AML/MDS compared other AML subtypes, and telomeric content was detected adjacent to interstitial regions of chromosomes. The genomic landscape of TP53 -mutated myeloid malignancies reveals recurrent structural variants affecting key hematopoietic transcription factors and telomeric repeats that are generally not detected by panel sequencing or conventional cytogenetic analyses. Key Points WGS comprehensively determines TP53 mutation status, resulting in the reclassification of 12% of cases from mono-allelic to multi-hit Chromothripsis is more frequent than previously appreciated, with a preference for specific chromosomes ETV6 is deleted in 45% of cases, with evidence for epigenetic suppression in non-deleted cases NF1 is mutated in 48% of cases, with multi-hit mutations in 17% of these cases TP53 -mutated AML/MDS is associated with altered telomere content compared with other AMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley J. Abel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Karolyn A. Oetjen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Christopher A. Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Sai M. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan B. Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Nichole M. Helton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Robert S. Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Sharon E. Heath
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Stefan P. Tarnawsky
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Eric J. Duncavage
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Molly C. Schroeder
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - David H. Spencer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew J. Walter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
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Long NA, Golla U, Sharma A, Claxton DF. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: Origin, Characteristics, and Clinical Implications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1211-1226. [PMID: 35050458 PMCID: PMC10942736 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The stem cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are the malignancy initiating cells whose survival ultimately drives growth of these lethal diseases. Here we review leukemia stem cell (LSC) biology, particularly as it relates to the very heterogeneous nature of AML and to its high disease relapse rate. Leukemia ontogeny is presented, and the defining functional and phenotypic features of LSCs are explored. Surface and metabolic phenotypes of these cells are described, particularly those that allow distinction from features of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Opportunities for use of this information for improving therapy for this challenging group of diseases is highlighted, and we explore the clinical needs which may be addressed by emerging LSC data. Finally, we discuss current gaps in the scientific understanding of LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute, Next-Generation Therapies, 500 University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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6
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TERT genetic variability and telomere length as factors affecting survival and risk in acute myeloid leukaemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23301. [PMID: 34857839 PMCID: PMC8640063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells characterized by various cytogenetic alterations. The present study showed that in addition to the FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation status, telomere length (TL) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene polymorphisms may affect risk and overall survival (OS) in AML. TL was longer in healthy controls than in AML patients and positively correlated with age in the patients, but not in healthy subjects. TL was found to be independently affected by the presence of the FLT3-ITD mutation. As for the TERT gene polymorphism, AML patients with the TERT rs2853669 CC genotype were characterized by significantly shorter OS than patients carrying the T allele. Another observation in our study is the difference in TL and OS in patients belonging to various risk stratification groups related to the FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation status. Patients with adverse risk classification (mutation in FLT3-ITD and lack of mutation in NPM1) presented with the shortest telomeres and significantly worse OS. In conclusion, OS of AML patients appears to be affected by TERT gene variability and TL in addition to other well-established factors such as age, WBC count, or FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation status.
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Gu R, Cao J, Wei S, Gong X, Wang Y, Mi Y, Zhang J, Qiu S, Rao Q, Wang M, Wei H, Wang J. Evaluation of pretreatment telomere length as a prognostic marker in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1510-1515. [PMID: 34288423 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current framework for risk stratification is still insufficient for highly heterogeneous intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IRC-AML), which lacks specific genomic abnormalities. METHODS In order to incorporate novel biomarkers to refine current risk stratification strategies for patients with this subtype, we investigated pretreatment telomere length (TL), which is essential for maintaining genomic stability, in 204 adults with de novo AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia). RESULTS We found that TL measured at diagnosis did not decrease with advancing age in 204 patients with AML (R2 = 0.001, P = .695). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that short TL was independently associated with an inferior relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-6.41, P = .003); event-free survival (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.08, P = .021); and overall survival (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.09-4.67, P = .028) in IRC-AML patients. In addition, IRC-AML patients with short TL also exhibited an increased cumulative incidence of hematologic relapse (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.08-5.26, P = .032). CONCLUSION Short TL is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in patients with IRC-AML and may represent a novel mechanism that links genomic stability and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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8
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Nogueira BMD, Machado CB, Montenegro RC, DE Moraes MEA, Moreira-Nunes CA. Telomere Length and Hematological Disorders: A Review. In Vivo 2020; 34:3093-3101. [PMID: 33144412 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres compose the end portions of human chromosomes, and their main function is to protect the genome. In hematological disorders, telomeres are shortened, predisposing to genetic instability that may cause DNA damage and chromosomal rearrangements, inducing a poor clinical outcome. Studies from 2010 to 2019 were compiled and experimental studies using samples of patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies that reported the size of the telomeres were described. Abnormal telomere shortening is described in cancer, but in hematological neoplasms, telomeres are still shortened even after telomerase reactivation. In this study, we compared the sizes of telomeres in leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome and lymphomas, identifying that the smallest telomeres are present in patients at relapse. In conclusion, the experimental and clinical data analyzed in this review demonstrate that excessive telomere shortening is present in major hematological malignancies and its analysis and measurement is a crucial step in determining patient prognosis, predicting disease risk and assisting in the decision for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Dias Nogueira
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caio Bezerra Machado
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral DE Moraes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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9
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Dratwa M, Wysoczanska B, Turlej E, Anisiewicz A, Maciejewska M, Wietrzyk J, Bogunia-Kubik K. Heterogeneity of telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation and expression, telomerase activity and telomere length across human cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112298. [PMID: 32971118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERTp) constitutes a regulatory element capable to affect TERT expression (TE), telomerase activity (TA) and telomere length (TL). TERTp mutation status, TL, TA and TE were assessed in 27 in vitro cultured human cell lines, including 11 solid tumour, 13 haematological and 3 normal cell lines. C228T and C250T TERTp mutations were detected in 5 solid tumour and none of haematological cell lines (p = 0.0100). As compared to other solid tumour cell lines, those with the presence of somatic mutations were characterized by: shorter TL, lower TA and TE. Furthermore, cell lines carrying TERTp mutations showed a linear correlation between TE and TA (R = 0.9708, p = 0.0021). Moreover, haematological cell lines exhibited higher TE compared to solid tumour cell lines (p = 0.0007). TL and TA were correlated in both solid tumour (R = 0.4875, p = 0.0169) and haematological (R = 0.4719, p = 0.0095) cell lines. Our results based on the in vitro model suggest that oncogenic processes may differ between solid tumours and haematological malignancies with regard to their TERT gene regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczanska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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10
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Menshawy NE, Ashwah SE, Ebrahim MA. Short Dysfunctional Telomere Is Highly Predictive of Dismal Outcome in MDS but Not in AML Patients. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2020; 14:188-199. [PMID: 33024526 PMCID: PMC7521393 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v14i3.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A trigger for initiation the clonal hematopoietic stem cells disorders could be short telomere length probably due to chromosomal instability. The relationship between relative telomere length (RTL) and the two linked hematological stem cell disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unclear. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the role of RTL in MDS (n=96) and AML (n=130) at the time of diagnosis using a real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The median value of RTL (1) was set as the cutoff for statistical comparison. Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time from diagnosis to death or last follow-up. Results: RTL was significantly longer in both MDS and AML cases versus control (p<0.0001) and was significantly longer in MDS versus AML cases (p =0.03). RTL correlated negatively with age in MDS (p <0.0001) but not in AML cases. RTL was also significantly shorter in MDS cases with pancytopenia and poor risk cytogenetics (p < 0.0001 for each) and short RTL was significantly associated with inferior survival (p = 0.007), while RTL showed no significant impact on OS in AML cases. Moreover, short RTL retained independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis (HR= 3.42 [95% CI, 8.97-19.35], p = 0.004). Conclusion: RTL showed an association with both AML and MDS; however, short RTL was an independent poor prognostic factor in MDS patients only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Menshawy
- Clinical Pathology, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa El Ashwah
- Clinical Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ebrahim
- Medical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Warny M, Helby J, Sengeløv H, Nordestgaard BG, Birgens H, Bojesen SE. Bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length in acute myeloid leukaemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Eur J Haematol 2019; 102:218-226. [PMID: 30427547 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short telomere length is a known risk factor for developing clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders, probably due to chromosomal instability. We tested the hypotheses that bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length change from diagnosis through chemotherapy-induced remission and relapse, and that long telomere length is associated with low risk of relapse and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. METHODS We measured telomere length in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 233 patients at diagnosis, 112 patients at chemotherapy-induced remission and 58 patients at relapse of disease. RESULTS In patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length was similar at diagnosis and relapse, but increased after chemotherapy-induced remission. Furthermore, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length was longer in patients with higher age at diagnosis. There was no association between telomere length at diagnosis, remission or relapse and all-cause mortality, nor did we find any association between telomere length at diagnosis or remission and risk of relapse. CONCLUSION In patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length increased from diagnosis to remission. Furthermore, telomere length paradoxically was longer at higher age at diagnosis, even after adjusting for known risk factors of disease severity. Finally, we did not detect any prognostic information in telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Warny
- Department of Haematology, Herlev and Gentofte hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Helby
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengeløv
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birgens
- Department of Haematology, Herlev and Gentofte hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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12
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EGR-mediated control of STIM expression and function. Cell Calcium 2018; 77:58-67. [PMID: 30553973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous, dynamic and pluripotent second messenger with highly context-dependent roles in complex cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. These Ca2+ signals are generated by Ca2+-permeable channels located on the plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and shaped by PM- and ER-localized pumps and transporters. Differences in the expression of these Ca2+ homeostasis proteins contribute to cell and context-dependent differences in the spatiotemporal organization of Ca2+ signals and, ultimately, cell fate. This review focuses on the Early Growth Response (EGR) family of zinc finger transcription factors and their role in the transcriptional regulation of Stromal Interaction Molecule (STIM1), a critical regulator of Ca2+ entry in both excitable and non-excitable cells.
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13
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Lopez-Doriga A, Valle L, Alonso MH, Aussó S, Closa A, Sanjuan X, Barquero D, Rodríguez-Moranta F, Sanz-Pamplona R, Moreno V. Telomere length alterations in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer and association with the immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2992-3000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Kishtagari A, Watts J. Biological and clinical implications of telomere dysfunction in myeloid malignancies. Ther Adv Hematol 2017; 8:317-326. [PMID: 29093807 DOI: 10.1177/2040620717731549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres at the ends of linear chromosomes protect the genome. Telomeres shorten with each round of cell division, placing a finite limit on cell growth. Telomere attrition is associated with cell senescence and apoptosis. Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleoprotein complex, maintains telomeres homeostasis through repeat addition of telomere sequences to the 3' telomeric overhang. Telomere biology is closely related to cancer and normal aging. Upregulation of telomerase or activation of the alternative pathway of telomere lengthening is a hallmark of cancer cells, making telomerase an attractive target for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss telomere biology and the prognostic implications of telomere length in acute myeloid leukemia, and review exciting new investigational approaches using telomerase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Watts
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136-1002, USA
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15
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Kjeldsen E. Characterization of an acquired jumping translocation involving 3q13.31-qter in a patient with de novo acute monocytic leukemia. Exp Mol Pathol 2017. [PMID: 28625614 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied an adult with de novo acute monocytic leukemia and a dismal outcome where her leukemic cells harbored an acquired rare jumping translocation (JT). We used oligo-based array CGH (oaCGH) analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 24-color karyotyping to enhance the characterization of the JT. G-banding detected a JT involving the 3q13.3-qter chromosomal segment and the recipient chromosomal regions 17p, 8q, and 15q. Each clone with JT was associated with trisomy 8. oaCGH analysis revealed an additional submicroscopic deletion in 3q13.31 as well as small subtelomeric duplications on several chromosomes. Locus-specific FISH with BAC-based probes from the 3q13.31-q13.32 region showed great heterogeneity. Telomere FISH revealed significantly reduced telomeric content in the aberrant cells with JT compared with cytogenetically normal cells at diagnosis and in normal cells at complete remission. A literature search revealed two previous de novo AML-M5 cases of JT involving the 3q13.3-qter chromosomal segment and concomitant trisomy 8. In addition, a case with an unbalanced der(Y)t(Y;3)(q12;q13.31) and additional trisomy 8 was previously reported in a patient with de novo AML-M5. All of these cases had a dismal outcome. In the present case, and in the der(Y)t(Y;3) case, a concurrent submicroscopic deletion at 3q13.31 was observed affecting the TUSC7 gene. Duplication of 3q13.31-qter might be a non-random chromosomal abnormality with concomitant submicroscopic deletion at 3q13.31 occurring in rare cases of acute monocytic leukemia, being associated with adverse prognosis. The impact of shortened telomeres in forming the JT is reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Duplication
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Comparative Genomic Hybridization
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Prognosis
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Cancercytogenetic Section, Hemodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Inflammation, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, Ent. 4A, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang T, Dagnall C, Haagenson M, Spellman SR, Hicks B, Jones K, Lee SJ, Savage SA, Gadalla SM. Relative Telomere Length before Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Outcome after Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:1054-1058. [PMID: 28389255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are tandem nucleotide repeats and a protein complex located at the end of the chromosomes maintaining genomic stability. Their potential as a predictive biomarker for outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) in hematologic malignancies is still unclear. From the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research we randomly selected 536 acute leukemia patients from those who underwent myeloablative 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor HCT between 2005 and 2012 and who had an available pre-HCT blood sample in the repository. Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. We used Kaplan-Meier and competing risk estimators to calculate survival probability and cumulative incidence, respectively, across patient RTL tertiles. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for adjusted analyses. The study included 396 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 140 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Median age at HCT was 41 years (range, .5 to 66), and median follow-up for survivors was 5.1 years (range, .4 to 8.3). Significant inverse correlations between age and RTL were observed in patients with AML (r = -.44, P < .0001) and ALL (r = -.48, P < .0001). Patients with ALL had longer RTL than those with AML (.48 versus .43, respectively); the difference was not statistically significant after adjusting for patient age (P = .96). Pre-HCT RTL in acute leukemia patients was not statistically significantly associated with overall survival (HR for longest RTL compared with shortest, .91; 95% CI, .65 to 1.28), disease-free survival (HR, .90; 95% CI, .64 to 1.25), transplant-related mortality (HR, .97; 95% CI, .60 to 1.59), incidence of relapse (HR, .89; 95% CI, .56 to 1.40), neutrophil engraftment (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, .85 to 1.32), or grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, .81 to 1.53), grades III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (HR, .92; 95% CI, .54 to 1.59), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, .81 to 1.50). In this study, recipient pre-HCT RTL had no prognostic role in post-transplant outcomes in acute leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Wang
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Casey Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Haagenson
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen R Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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