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Tsatsakis A, Oikonomopoulou T, Nikolouzakis TK, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Flamourakis M, Renieri E, Fragkiadaki P, Iliaki E, Bachlitzanaki M, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Kakridonis F, Hatzidaki E, Tolia M, Svistunov AA, Spandidos DA, Nikitovic D, Tsiaoussis J, Berdiaki A. Role of telomere length in human carcinogenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:78. [PMID: 37232367 PMCID: PMC10552730 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered the most important clinical, social and economic issue regarding cause‑specific disability‑adjusted life years among all human pathologies. Exogenous, endogenous and individual factors, including genetic predisposition, participate in cancer triggering. Telomeres are specific DNA structures positioned at the end of chromosomes and consist of repetitive nucleotide sequences, which, together with shelterin proteins, facilitate the maintenance of chromosome stability, while protecting them from genomic erosion. Even though the connection between telomere status and carcinogenesis has been identified, the absence of a universal or even a cancer‑specific trend renders consent even more complex. It is indicative that both short and long telomere lengths have been associated with a high risk of cancer incidence. When evaluating risk associations between cancer and telomere length, a disparity appears to emerge. Even though shorter telomeres have been adopted as a marker of poorer health status and an older biological age, longer telomeres due to increased cell growth potential are associated with the acquirement of cancer‑initiating somatic mutations. Therefore, the present review aimed to comprehensively present the multifaceted pattern of telomere length and cancer incidence association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Tatiana Oikonomopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Evaggelia Iliaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Bachlitzanaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Fotios Kakridonis
- Department of Spine Surgery and Scoliosis, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Karzi V, Ozcagli E, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kalliantasi A, Chalkiadaki C, Alegakis A, Stivaktakis P, Karzi A, Makrigiannakis A, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. DNA Damage Estimation after Chronic and Combined Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: An In Vivo Real-Life Risk Simulation Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9989. [PMID: 37373136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical substances has always been a matter of concern for the scientific community. During the last few years, researchers have been focusing on studying the effects resulting from combined exposure to different substances. In this study, we aimed to determine the DNA damage caused after chronic and combined exposure to substances characterized as endocrine disruptors using comet and micronuclei assays, specifically glyphosate (pure and commercial form), bisphenol A, parabens (methyl-, propyl- and butylparaben), triclosan and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The highest mean tail intensity was observed in the group exposed to a high-dose (10 × ADI) mixture of substances (Group 3), with a mean value of 11.97 (11.26-13.90), while statistically significant differences were noticed between the groups exposed to low-dose (1 × ADI) (Group 2) and high-dose (10 × ADI) (Group 3) mixtures of substances (p = 0.003), and between Group 3 and both groups exposed to high doses (10 × ADI) of the pure and commercial forms of glyphosate (Groups 4 (p = 0.014) and 5 (p = 0.007)). The micronuclei assay results were moderately correlated with the exposure period. Group 5 was the most impacted exposure group at all sampling times, with mean MN counts ranging between 28.75 ± 1.71 and 60.75 ± 1.71, followed by Group 3 (18.25 ± 1.50-45.75 ± 1.71), showing that commercial forms of glyphosate additives as well as mixtures of endocrine disruptors can enhance MN formation. All exposure groups showed statistically significant differences in micronuclei counts with an increasing time trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Stavroulaki A, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Renieri E, Vakonaki E, Avgenaki M, Alegakis A, Stan M, Kavvalakis M, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis A. Antibiotics in Raw Meat Samples: Estimation of Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment. Toxics 2022; 10:456. [PMID: 36006135 PMCID: PMC9412356 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in livestock farming poses increased concerns for human health as residues of these substances are present in edible tissues. The aim of this study was the determination of the levels of four groups of antibiotics (sulfonamides-SAs, tetracyclines-TCs, streptomycines-STr and quinolones-QNLs) in meat samples (muscles, livers and kidneys from beef, chicken and pork) and the estimation of the dietary exposure to antibiotics from meat consumption and the potential hazard for human health. Fifty-four samples of raw meat were randomly collected in 2018 from the Cretan market, Greece and analyzed both with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). According to the results derived from the ELISA method, only 2% of the meat samples were free from antibiotics, 2% were detected with 4 antibiotics and the great majority of the samples (87%) were detected with 2 to 3 antibiotics. SAs presented the highest detection frequencies for all samples whereas TCs were not detected in any bovine sample. The highest median concentration was detected for STr in bovine muscles (182.10 μg/kg) followed by QNLs (93.36 μg/kg) in pork kidneys whereas the chicken samples had higher burdens of QNLs compared to the other meat samples. LC-MS analysis showed that oxytetracycline (OTC) was the most common antibiotic in all samples. The highest median concentration of all antibiotics was detected for doxycycline (DOX) (181.73 μg/kg in pork kidney) followed by OTC in bovine liver (74.46 μg/kg). Risk characterization was applied for each of the two methods; The hazard quotients (HQ) did not exceed 0.059 for the ELISA method and 0.113 for the LC-MS method for any group of antibiotics, whereas the total hazard indexes (HI) were 0.078 and 0.021, respectively. The results showed the presence of different groups of antibiotics in meat from the Cretan market and that the health risk to antibiotics is low. A risk assessment analysis conducted for meat consumption and corrected for the aggregated exposure revealed no risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Stavroulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Avgenaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miriana Stan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kaloudis K, Chalkiadaki C, Apalaki P, Panagiotopoulou M, Kalliantasi A, Kouretas D, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. In Vivo Estimation of the Biological Effects of Endocrine Disruptors in Rabbits after Combined and Long-Term Exposure: Study Protocol. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10050246. [PMID: 35622659 PMCID: PMC9148075 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of chemical compounds are being characterized as endocrine disruptors since they have been proven to interact with the endocrine system, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Glyphosate is the active substance of the herbicide Roundup®, bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are used as plasticizers, while triclosan (TCS), methyl (MePB), propyl (PrPB), and butyl (BuPB) parabens are used as antimicrobial agents and preservatives mainly in personal care products. Studies indicate that exposure to these substances can affect humans causing developmental problems and problems in the endocrine, reproductive, nervous, immune, and respiratory systems. Although there are copious studies related to these substances, there are few in vivo studies related to combined exposure to these endocrine disruptors. The aim of the present pilot study is the investigation and assessment of the above substances’ toxicity in rabbits after twelve months of exposure to glyphosate (both pure and commercial form) and to a mixture of all the above substances at subtoxic levels. The lack of data from the literature concerning rabbits’ exposure to these substances and the restrictions of the 3Rs Principle will result in a limited number of animals available for use (four animals per group, twenty animals in total).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Kaloudis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Paraskevi Apalaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Panagiotopoulou
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Kalliantasi
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
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Fragkiadoulaki E, Tsatsakis A, Nikitovic D, Georgiadis G, Kalogeraki A, Kaloudis K, Alegkakis A, Karzi V, Mamoulakis C. Resveratrol and lycopene ameliorate contrast-induced nephropathy in a rabbit model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221145355. [PMID: 36565226 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221145355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress appears to possess a central role in CIN pathophysiology. Resveratrol (Res) and lycopene (Lyc) are strong natural antioxidants evaluated in a limited number of CIN animal studies in vivo. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential renoprotective effects of Res/Lyc in a CIN rabbit model. Twenty-four adult male New Zealand white rabbits were equally assigned into four groups: control (saline), CIN (intravenous iopromide; 7.5 g iodine/kg), Res + CIN (per os Res; 5 mg/kg), and Lyc + CIN (per os Lyc; 4 mg/kg). Serum Cr (sCr); symmetric/asymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA/ADMA); oxidative stress biomarkers: malondialdehyde; total antioxidant capacity; catalase; glutathione) were evaluated in blood samples at three time points: right after (0 h); 24 h; 48 h after iopromide/saline administration. CD20+/CD3+ lymphocytes were determined (48 h). All animals were sacrificed at 48 h and both kidneys collected. Oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in renal tissue. sCr and SDMA/ADMA levels increased significantly in CIN compared to all groups. Oxidative stress secondary to CIN in blood/kidneys was suppressed by Res/Lyc. B and T lymphocytes decreased significantly in CIN compared to all groups. The present study provides emerging evidence that Res/Lyc ameliorate CIN by modulating oxidant/antioxidant balance in blood/renal tissue and by inhibiting vasoconstriction/blood cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Fragkiadoulaki
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiadis
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Laboratory of Cytopathology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kaloudis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegkakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 37778University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Hatzidaki E, Katsikantami I, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Kalogeraki A, Kouvidi E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos AK. Determination of prenatal exposure to parabens and triclosan and estimation of maternal and fetal burden. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:808-815. [PMID: 33868960 PMCID: PMC8044871 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens (PBs) and triclosan (TCS) are generally used as antimicrobials mostly in personal care products. Their wide prevalence in daily products raised an acute need for the biomonitoring of these contaminants and the investigation of possible health impacts. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we aimed to quantitatively determine PBs and TCS levels in urine and amniotic fluid samples using a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry system (LC-MS). Ninety nine (99) pregnant women took part in this research. The samples were collected during the amniocentesis in the early second trimester of their pregnancy. Women of all ages, education, household income and profession were selected. The exposure and the burden of pregnant women and their infants were also evaluated. RESULTS The most prevalent compound in urine, among the analyzed, was TCS with 74.7 % positive samples while in amniotic fluid methyl paraben (MePB) with 21.2 % positive samples. MePB was detected at higher concentrations in urine (mean: 378.5 ng/mL) followed by TCS (mean: 55.3 ng/mL), ethyl paraben (EtPB) (mean: 23.2 ng/mL) and butyl paraben (BuPB) (mean: 2.3 ng/mL) while benzyl paraben (BePB) was not detected in any urine sample. Concentrations in amniotic fluid samples were much lower. In particular, the mean concentrations were 6.6 ng/mL for MePB, 9.2 ng/mL for EtPB, 0.4 ng/mL for BuPB, 0.6 ng/mL for BePB and 1.8 ng/mL for TCS. The detected levels of all analytes in urine were correlated with those in amniotic fluid but no statistically significant results arose (p >n0.05). Negative associations were observed between amniotic fluid levels of MePB and maternal age (p = 0.05) while both urinary and amniotic levels of TCS were correlated with maternal BMI (p = 0.04). Somatometric characteristics of the infants showed no statistical significant associations with the detected levels of PBs and TCS. CONCLUSION This study indicated a strong/possible association between exposure of pregnant women to TCS and higher/lower maternal body weight gain during pregnancy. The same trend was observed between amniotic fluid MePB levels and maternal age. However, no statistically significant associations were observed between neonatal somatometric characteristics or health status and PBs and TCS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, GR-71500, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Elisavet Kouvidi
- Genesis Genoma Lab, Genetic Diagnosis, Clinical Genetics & Research, Athens, GR-15232, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Sifakis
- Mitera Maternity Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71201, Greece
| | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
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Katsidoni V, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Thermos K, Kastellakis A, Panagis G. Differential effects of chronic voluntary wheel-running on morphine induced brain stimulation reward, motor activity and striatal dopaminergic activity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 394:112831. [PMID: 32721470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise could be a protective factor against the development of substance use disorders; however, a number of preclinical studies report reward-enhancing effects of exercise for various drugs of abuse. We examined the effects of chronic wheel-running on brain reward sensitivity, reaction to novelty, reward-facilitating and locomotor-stimulating effects of morphine, using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and the open field test (OFT). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary or exercised group. For the ICSS procedure, rats were implanted with electrodes and trained to respond for electrical stimulation. Several indices were recorded in the training phase to estimate brain reward sensitivity. Once responding was stable, the animals of both groups received systemic injections of morphine and their ICSS thresholds were measured with the curve-shift paradigm. Employing the OFT, basal and morphine-induced locomotor activity was measured. Finally, basal and morphine-evoked tissue levels of dopamine and its metabolites were determined in the striatum using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chronic wheel-running decreased brain reward sensitivity and subsequently increased the reward-facilitating effect of morphine. Exercised animals demonstrated a decreased reaction to novelty and reduced morphine-induced locomotion. Lastly, dopaminergic activity was decreased in the striatum of exercised animals under basal conditions, whereas morphine administration led to an increase in dopamine turnover. These findings indicate that chronic voluntary exercise exerts divergent effects on reward function, psychomotor activity and the reward-facilitating and locomotor-activating effects of opioids during adulthood. Our results provide insights into the increased non-medical use of opioids among young athletes reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Katsidoni
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Thermos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas Kastellakis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - George Panagis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece.
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Karzi V, Hatzidaki E, Stavroulaki A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Phthalate metabolites concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal urine: Cumulative exposure and risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:529-538. [PMID: 32368503 PMCID: PMC7186561 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used in industry as plasticizers or additives in everyday products and they have been considered as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Maternal exposure during pregnancy has been associated with neonatal exposure, preterm birth and impacts in the reproductive and respiratory systems. The aim of this study is to determine six phthalate metabolites (mono isobutyl phthalate, miBP, mono n-butyl phthalate, mnBP, mono benzyl phthalate, mBzP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate, mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate, mEHHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate, mEOHP) in amniotic fluid and urine from 100 pregnant women. Participants answered questionnaires for the use of plastics and cosmetics, dietary habits, health effects, pregnancy problems, health and infant development. Positive amniotic fluid samples ranged from 1% to 21% and urine from 27% to 54%. The median levels for amniotic fluid were 2.3 μg/L - 10.7 μg/L and for urine 4.9 μg/L - 46.7 μg/L. The major results include significant correlations between urinary phthalates indicating their common sources of exposure, the frequent use of deodorant was significantly associated with higher urinary miBP (p = 0.050) and mnBP (p = 0.028) and a weak inverse association was found for the use of make-up products with mBzP (p = 0.053). The frequent use of plastic food containers was significantly associated with urinary mEHP (p = 0.026), and a positive trend was noticed for mEHP in amniotic fluid (p = 0.093). An association although weak was found between urinary mEHP and lower birth length (rs = 0.396, p = 0.062). No other associations were found for infant health problems or development. The daily intake of the total phthalates was calculated 5.4 μg/kg body weight/day which corresponds to hazard index 0.10 and exposure follows the declining trend that has been observed the last decades.
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Key Words
- 2cx-mMHP, mono 2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate
- Amniotic fluid
- BBzP, benzyl butyl phthalate
- DEHP, di 2-ethylhexyl phthalate
- Daily intake
- DiBP, di iso-butyl phthalate
- DiNP, di isononyl phthalate
- DnBP, di n-butyl phthalate
- EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals
- EDI, estimated daily intake HQ, hazard quotient
- HI, hazard index
- LC-APCI-MS, liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry
- Phthalate metabolites
- Risk assessment
- Urine
- mBzP, mono benzyl phthalate
- mECPP or 5cx-mEPP, mono 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
- mEHHP or 5OH-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate
- mEHP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate
- mEOHP or 5oxo-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate
- mEP, mono ethyl phthalate
- miBP, mono iso-butyl phthalate
- mmP, mono methyl phthalate
- mnBP, mono n-butyl phthalate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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9
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Stavroulaki A, Xezonaki P, Vakonaki E, Alegakis AK, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenols A and S and phthalate metabolites in hair from pregnant women in Crete. Sci Total Environ 2020; 712:135651. [PMID: 31810691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, bisphenols A and S (BPA, BPS) are used as plasticizers and many of them are documented or suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Several studies indicate that exposure during pregnancy may affect the newborn's health and development. The aim of this cross-sectional study is the biomonitoring of seven phthalate metabolites, BPA and BPS in hair from 100 pregnant women in Crete. The most frequently detected compounds were monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) (68%), mono isobutyl phthalate (miBP) (40%), BPA (37%), BPS (34%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (mnBP) (28%). Phthalate metabolites were detected at medians from 19.5 to 44.4 pg/mg, BPA at 69.9 pg/mg and BPS at 3.5 pg/mg. Significant positive correlations between phthalate metabolites were found which indicated their common sources of exposure. The frequent use of plastics for food storage was strongly associated with mEHP (p = .013) and a weaker association was found for miBP (p = .063). The frequent use of cosmetics during or before pregnancy was associated with levels of phthalate metabolites in hair. More specifically, the use of hair spray before pregnancy was significantly correlated with monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) (p = .041) and a trend was found for miBP (p = .066). The use of makeup products during pregnancy was strongly associated with miBP (p = .015) and the use of deodorant during pregnancy was inversely associated with mEHP (p = .021). Strong associations came up between mEHP and lower birth weight (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = -0.302, p = .021) and exposure to BPS was associated with increased body mass index of the participants (p = .036). Although data in literature on biomonitoring of the compounds in hair are limited, the findings of this study are promising and in agreement with existing data in hair or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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10
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Amir S, Vakonaki E, Tsiminikaki K, Tzatzarakis M, Michopoulou V, Flamourakis M, Kalliantasi K, Karzi V, Fragkiadaki P, Renieri E, Tsoukalas D, Thanasoula M, Sarandi E, Sakellaris G, Makrigiannakis A, Nepka C, Spandidos D, Tsatsakis A. Sperm telomere length: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in male infertility (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3892/wasj.2020.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory 45550, Pakistan
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Katerina Kalliantasi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Thanasoula
- Venizeleio General Hospital, Department of Surgery, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Venizeleio General Hospital, Department of Surgery, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Sakellaris
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Cytopathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis M, Katsikantami I, Stavroulaki A, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Investigating exposure to endocrine disruptors via hair analysis of pregnant women. Environ Res 2019; 178:108692. [PMID: 31520825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the monitoring of the levels of parabens (PBs) and triclosan (TCS) in head hair samples of women collected during the first months of their pregnancy. Personal details concerning somatometric and demographic characteristics, dietary habits, use of personal care products and the medical and obstetrical history of the pregnant women as well as infants' somatometric characteristics and health condition were recorded through relevant questionnaires. Ninety five hair samples were collected, extracted by solid-liquid extraction and analysed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system (LC-MS). Analysis revealed high percentage of positive samples for all tested compounds (90-100% except from BePB (15.8%)). The mean concentration levels were 4501.2 pg/mg (17.6-27,437.0 pg/mg) for MePB; 510.1 pg/mg (11.0-4224.5 pg/mg) for EtPB; 22.9 pg/mg (2.1-66.6 pg/mg) for BePB; 237.1 pg/mg (1.8-2513.7 pg/mg) for BuPB and 245.0 pg/mg (8.8-8070.2 pg/mg) for TCS. Statistical analysis of both analytical results and questionnaires' data showed that the frequent use of personal care and hygiene products, such as makeup, hairspray and sunscreens, is correlated with higher levels of PBs in hair of the pregnant women. Additionally, positive correlation was observed between the BePB levels in hair and the infants' height. Finally, no other correlation was observed between endocrine disruptors' levels in maternal hair and infants' somatometric characteristics or health condition. Our study is the first one that determined PBs and TCS levels in hair samples, simultaneously. At the same time, correlation of the detected levels with the use of personal care products was accomplished, leading to significant association of BePB levels in hair of pregnant women with infants' height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece.
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12
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Girvalaki C, Tzatzarakis M, Vardavas A, Kyriakos C, Karzi V, Stivaktakis P, Tsatsakis A, Vardavas C. Flavors, additives and nicotine levels detected among the most popular e-cigarette refill liquids across 9 European countries after the implementation of Tobacco Products Directive (TPD). Tob Prev Cessat 2019. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Fragkiadoulaki I, Mamoulakis C, Alegakis A, Tzatzarakis M, Karzi V, Stratidakis A, Renieri E, Vardavas A, Leon G, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsatsakis A. Natural antioxidants prevent contrast-induced nephropathy by enhancing nitric oxide synthesis in an animal model. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Katsikantami I, Karzi V, Tzatzarakis M, Sifakis S, Xezonaki P, Vakonaki E, Rizos A, Izotov B, Burykina T, Tsatsakis A. Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites and bisphenols in amniotic fluid from pregnant women in Greece. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Alegakis T, Katsikantami I, Sifakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A, triclosan and perfluorooctanoic acid in hair samples of children and adults. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1144-1152. [PMID: 29722443 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are endocrine disruptors linked with negative health effects such as developmental, reproductive and cardiovascular toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine simultaneously the concentration of BPA, TCS and PFOA in hair from children and adults and examine possible associations between biomonitoring data and age, gender, dietary habits and body mass index. Methanolic extraction was applied and the compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Low levels of exposure to PFOA were detected for children and adults at concentrations below limit of quantification. The mean concentration of BPA in children and adults was 20.6 and 16.6 pg mg-1 , while for TCS 275.2 and 687.0 pg mg-1 , respectively. Children were highly exposed to BPA relative to adults (P = .011) although adults had greater exposure to TCS (P = .003). Hair from girls had a greater burden of BPA (P = .06) compared to boys. Moreover, higher TCS levels were depicted for females in both examined groups (children P = .200 and adults P = .213) compared to males, but no statistical differences were observed. Significant differences were also observed between age groups (P = .0007) for TCS. No correlations were found between BPA or TCS levels and body mass index or dietary habits for both children and adults. Children have a greater exposure to BPA compared to adults, whereas exposure of adults to TCS seems to be higher than that in children and elderly people. Exposure to BPA occurs mainly via ingestion whereas exposure to TCS mainly via dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thanasis Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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16
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Fragkiadoulaki I, Stivaktakis P, Kalogeraki A, Tsiaousis I, Kalliantasi A, Karzi V, Stratidakis A, Mamoulakis C, Tsatsakis A. Micronuclei frequency and blood cell number in rabbit contrast-induced nephrotoxicity model with antioxidants as a preventive strategy. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Vakonaki E, Goumenou M, Kavvalakis M, Stivaktakis P, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsakiris I, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Bisphenol A in soft drinks and canned foods and data evaluation. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2016; 10:85-90. [PMID: 27897085 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2016.1266522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common industrial chemicals and known to exert endocrine disruption activity. The aim of this study was the quantification of BPA in food stuffs on the Greek market. The applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was validated for linearity, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and recovery. About 41.7% of the canned solid phase samples, 25.0% of the canned liquid phase samples and 43.8% of the soft drinks were positive. Mean BPA concentrations (range) were 33.4 ± 4.4 ng/g (4.90 ± 0.64-66.0 ± 8.6 ng/g) in canned solid phase, 2.70 ± 0.08 ng/ml (1.90 ± 0.06-3.50 ± 0.11 ng/ml) in canned liquid phase and 2.30 ± 0.18 ng/ml (0.40 ± 0.03-10.2 ± 0.8 ng/ml) in soft drinks. The results of this study are comparable with those reported in the literature according to which higher concentrations of BPA were detected in the solid fraction of canned food compared to their liquid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece.,b Department of Chemistry , University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL) , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Marina Goumenou
- c Pesticides Department , European Food Safety Authority , Parma , Italy
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- d National Helpdesk for REACH and CLP , General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiris
- e Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agriculture Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition , TEI of Western Macedonia , Florina , Greece
| | - Apostolos K Rizos
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL) , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
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18
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Tzatzarakis M, Karzi V, Vakonaki E, Barbounis E, Tsitsimpikou C, Vardavas A, Tsakiris I, Psycharakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Bisphenol A in beverages and canned foods of the Greek market. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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