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Stavroulaki A, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Renieri E, Vakonaki E, Avgenaki M, Alegakis A, Stan M, Kavvalakis M, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis A. Antibiotics in Raw Meat Samples: Estimation of Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment. Toxics 2022; 10:456. [PMID: 36006135 PMCID: PMC9412356 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in livestock farming poses increased concerns for human health as residues of these substances are present in edible tissues. The aim of this study was the determination of the levels of four groups of antibiotics (sulfonamides-SAs, tetracyclines-TCs, streptomycines-STr and quinolones-QNLs) in meat samples (muscles, livers and kidneys from beef, chicken and pork) and the estimation of the dietary exposure to antibiotics from meat consumption and the potential hazard for human health. Fifty-four samples of raw meat were randomly collected in 2018 from the Cretan market, Greece and analyzed both with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). According to the results derived from the ELISA method, only 2% of the meat samples were free from antibiotics, 2% were detected with 4 antibiotics and the great majority of the samples (87%) were detected with 2 to 3 antibiotics. SAs presented the highest detection frequencies for all samples whereas TCs were not detected in any bovine sample. The highest median concentration was detected for STr in bovine muscles (182.10 μg/kg) followed by QNLs (93.36 μg/kg) in pork kidneys whereas the chicken samples had higher burdens of QNLs compared to the other meat samples. LC-MS analysis showed that oxytetracycline (OTC) was the most common antibiotic in all samples. The highest median concentration of all antibiotics was detected for doxycycline (DOX) (181.73 μg/kg in pork kidney) followed by OTC in bovine liver (74.46 μg/kg). Risk characterization was applied for each of the two methods; The hazard quotients (HQ) did not exceed 0.059 for the ELISA method and 0.113 for the LC-MS method for any group of antibiotics, whereas the total hazard indexes (HI) were 0.078 and 0.021, respectively. The results showed the presence of different groups of antibiotics in meat from the Cretan market and that the health risk to antibiotics is low. A risk assessment analysis conducted for meat consumption and corrected for the aggregated exposure revealed no risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Stavroulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Avgenaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miriana Stan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Grieser C, Denecke T, Steffen IG, Avgenaki M, Fröhling V, Mogl M, Schnapauff D, Lehmkuhl L, Stelter L, Streitparth F, Langrehr J, Rothe JH, Hamm B, Hänninen EL. Multidetector computed tomography for preoperative assessment of hepatic vasculature and prediction of splenic artery steal syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis before transplantation. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:108-17. [PMID: 19662418 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of MDCT for preoperative assessment of hepatic vascular anatomy and the identification of liver-transplantation (OLT) patients at risk of developing subsequent splenic artery steal syndrome (SASS). A total of 145 patients with liver cirrhosis who had undergone OLT and had pre-operative three-phase MDCT (4- to 64-rows) within 100 days before OLT were enrolled retrospectively. MDCT and 3Ds were reviewed by two independent blinded observers (O1/O2). Pre-operative imaging findings were correlated with intra-operative results; findings indicative for SASS were correlated with clinical data and DSA. Among all 145 patients, 16 patients (11%) showed accessory hepatic arteries (accuracy O1/O2, 97%; with 3Ds, 100%); 32 (22%) patients had replaced hepatic arteries (accuracy O1, 97%; O2, 95%; with 3Ds, 100%; kappa = 0.87 and 0.89, P < 0.001). Among 119 patients, 12 patients developed SASS after OLT. The logistic regression model revealed the spleen volume (P = 0.0105) as a predictive factor of SASS. With spleen volumes >or=829 ml, an accuracy of 75% for prediction of SASS was obtained. MDCT with three-dimensional post-processing (3Ds) was highly accurate for pre-operative hepatic vessel evaluation in patients before OLT. In addition, spleen volume was a predictive factor for developing SASS after OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grieser
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Grieser C, Denecke T, Avgenaki M, Steffen I, Gartenschläger S, Hamm B, Neuhaus P, Lopez-Hänninen E. Mehrphasische Multislice-CT zur präoperativen Gefäßevaluation vor Lebertransplantation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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