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Kakridonis F, Pneumatikos SG, Vakonaki E, Berdiaki A, Tzatzarakis MN, Fragkiadaki P, Spandidos DA, Baliou S, Ioannou P, Hatzidaki E, Nikitovic D, Tsatsakis A, Vasiliadis E. Telomere length as a predictive biomarker in osteoporosis (Review). Biomed Rep 2023; 19:87. [PMID: 37881605 PMCID: PMC10594068 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the ends of chromosomes that protect them from DNA damage. There is evidence to suggest that telomere shortening appears with advanced age. Since aging is a significant risk factor for developing age-related complications, it is plausible that telomere shortening may be involved in the development of osteoporosis. The present review summarizes the potential of telomere shortening as a biomarker for detecting the onset of osteoporosis. For the purposes of the present review, the following scientific databases were searched for relevant articles: PubMed/NCBI, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar. The present review includes randomized and non-randomized controlled studies and case series involving humans, irrespective of the time of their publication. In six out of the 11 included studies providing data on humans, there was at least a weak association between telomere length and osteoporosis, with the remaining studies exhibiting no such association. As a result, telomere shortening may be used as a biomarker or as part of a panel of biomarkers for tracking the onset and progression of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Kakridonis
- 5th Department of Orthopaedics, KAT Attica General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros G. Pneumatikos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, KAT Attica General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical School, Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elias Vasiliadis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, KAT Attica General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece
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Karzi V, Ozcagli E, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kalliantasi A, Chalkiadaki C, Alegakis A, Stivaktakis P, Karzi A, Makrigiannakis A, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. DNA Damage Estimation after Chronic and Combined Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: An In Vivo Real-Life Risk Simulation Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9989. [PMID: 37373136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical substances has always been a matter of concern for the scientific community. During the last few years, researchers have been focusing on studying the effects resulting from combined exposure to different substances. In this study, we aimed to determine the DNA damage caused after chronic and combined exposure to substances characterized as endocrine disruptors using comet and micronuclei assays, specifically glyphosate (pure and commercial form), bisphenol A, parabens (methyl-, propyl- and butylparaben), triclosan and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The highest mean tail intensity was observed in the group exposed to a high-dose (10 × ADI) mixture of substances (Group 3), with a mean value of 11.97 (11.26-13.90), while statistically significant differences were noticed between the groups exposed to low-dose (1 × ADI) (Group 2) and high-dose (10 × ADI) (Group 3) mixtures of substances (p = 0.003), and between Group 3 and both groups exposed to high doses (10 × ADI) of the pure and commercial forms of glyphosate (Groups 4 (p = 0.014) and 5 (p = 0.007)). The micronuclei assay results were moderately correlated with the exposure period. Group 5 was the most impacted exposure group at all sampling times, with mean MN counts ranging between 28.75 ± 1.71 and 60.75 ± 1.71, followed by Group 3 (18.25 ± 1.50-45.75 ± 1.71), showing that commercial forms of glyphosate additives as well as mixtures of endocrine disruptors can enhance MN formation. All exposure groups showed statistically significant differences in micronuclei counts with an increasing time trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Hatzidaki E, Pagkalou M, Katsikantami I, Vakonaki E, Kavvalakis M, Tsatsakis AM, Tzatzarakis MN. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Infant Formulas and Baby Food: Legislation and Risk Assessments. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081697. [PMID: 37107492 PMCID: PMC10137371 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the healthiest option for newborns, although, under specific circumstances, infant formula is a precious alternative for feeding the baby. Except for the nutritional content, infant formulas and baby food must be pollutant-free. Thus, their composition is controlled by continuous monitoring and regulated by establishing upper limits and guideline values for safe exposure. Legislation differs worldwide, although there are standard policies and strategies for protecting vulnerable infants. This work presents current regulations and directives for restricting endocrine-disrupting chemicals and persistent organic pollutants in infant formulas. Risk assessment studies, which are limited, are necessary to depict exposure variations and assess the health risks for infants from dietary exposure to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marina Pagkalou
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Tsoucalas G, Symvoulakis EK, Michaleas SN, Tzatzarakis MN, Karamanou M. Chemical Warfare in Ancient Greek Ionia: Mass Intoxication With Hecate's Deleterium. Mil Med 2023; 188:116-119. [PMID: 37022265 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rich land of Erythrae in the coast of Asia Minor attracted the attention of the Ionian king Codrus. An oracle demanded the presence of the murky deity Hecate for him to conquer the city. Priestess Chrysame was sent by Thessalians to set the strategy of the clash. The young sorceress poisoned a sacred bull who turned mad, later to be released toward the camp of Erythraeans. The beast was captured and sacrificed. In the feast that followed, all ate a piece of his flesh and went crazy, stimulated by the poison, an easy prey for the army of Codrus. The deleterium used by Chrysame is unknown, but her strategy shaped the origin of biowarfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tsoucalas
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Deontology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Emmanouil K Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Spyros N Michaleas
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Marianna Karamanou
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Stavroulaki A, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Renieri E, Vakonaki E, Avgenaki M, Alegakis A, Stan M, Kavvalakis M, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis A. Antibiotics in Raw Meat Samples: Estimation of Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment. Toxics 2022; 10:456. [PMID: 36006135 PMCID: PMC9412356 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in livestock farming poses increased concerns for human health as residues of these substances are present in edible tissues. The aim of this study was the determination of the levels of four groups of antibiotics (sulfonamides-SAs, tetracyclines-TCs, streptomycines-STr and quinolones-QNLs) in meat samples (muscles, livers and kidneys from beef, chicken and pork) and the estimation of the dietary exposure to antibiotics from meat consumption and the potential hazard for human health. Fifty-four samples of raw meat were randomly collected in 2018 from the Cretan market, Greece and analyzed both with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). According to the results derived from the ELISA method, only 2% of the meat samples were free from antibiotics, 2% were detected with 4 antibiotics and the great majority of the samples (87%) were detected with 2 to 3 antibiotics. SAs presented the highest detection frequencies for all samples whereas TCs were not detected in any bovine sample. The highest median concentration was detected for STr in bovine muscles (182.10 μg/kg) followed by QNLs (93.36 μg/kg) in pork kidneys whereas the chicken samples had higher burdens of QNLs compared to the other meat samples. LC-MS analysis showed that oxytetracycline (OTC) was the most common antibiotic in all samples. The highest median concentration of all antibiotics was detected for doxycycline (DOX) (181.73 μg/kg in pork kidney) followed by OTC in bovine liver (74.46 μg/kg). Risk characterization was applied for each of the two methods; The hazard quotients (HQ) did not exceed 0.059 for the ELISA method and 0.113 for the LC-MS method for any group of antibiotics, whereas the total hazard indexes (HI) were 0.078 and 0.021, respectively. The results showed the presence of different groups of antibiotics in meat from the Cretan market and that the health risk to antibiotics is low. A risk assessment analysis conducted for meat consumption and corrected for the aggregated exposure revealed no risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Stavroulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Avgenaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miriana Stan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kaloudis K, Chalkiadaki C, Apalaki P, Panagiotopoulou M, Kalliantasi A, Kouretas D, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. In Vivo Estimation of the Biological Effects of Endocrine Disruptors in Rabbits after Combined and Long-Term Exposure: Study Protocol. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10050246. [PMID: 35622659 PMCID: PMC9148075 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of chemical compounds are being characterized as endocrine disruptors since they have been proven to interact with the endocrine system, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Glyphosate is the active substance of the herbicide Roundup®, bisphenol A (BPA) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are used as plasticizers, while triclosan (TCS), methyl (MePB), propyl (PrPB), and butyl (BuPB) parabens are used as antimicrobial agents and preservatives mainly in personal care products. Studies indicate that exposure to these substances can affect humans causing developmental problems and problems in the endocrine, reproductive, nervous, immune, and respiratory systems. Although there are copious studies related to these substances, there are few in vivo studies related to combined exposure to these endocrine disruptors. The aim of the present pilot study is the investigation and assessment of the above substances’ toxicity in rabbits after twelve months of exposure to glyphosate (both pure and commercial form) and to a mixture of all the above substances at subtoxic levels. The lack of data from the literature concerning rabbits’ exposure to these substances and the restrictions of the 3Rs Principle will result in a limited number of animals available for use (four animals per group, twenty animals in total).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Kaloudis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Paraskevi Apalaki
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Panagiotopoulou
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Kalliantasi
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (V.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (I.F.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Hatzidaki E, Katsikantami I, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Kalogeraki A, Kouvidi E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos AK. Determination of prenatal exposure to parabens and triclosan and estimation of maternal and fetal burden. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:808-815. [PMID: 33868960 PMCID: PMC8044871 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens (PBs) and triclosan (TCS) are generally used as antimicrobials mostly in personal care products. Their wide prevalence in daily products raised an acute need for the biomonitoring of these contaminants and the investigation of possible health impacts. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we aimed to quantitatively determine PBs and TCS levels in urine and amniotic fluid samples using a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry system (LC-MS). Ninety nine (99) pregnant women took part in this research. The samples were collected during the amniocentesis in the early second trimester of their pregnancy. Women of all ages, education, household income and profession were selected. The exposure and the burden of pregnant women and their infants were also evaluated. RESULTS The most prevalent compound in urine, among the analyzed, was TCS with 74.7 % positive samples while in amniotic fluid methyl paraben (MePB) with 21.2 % positive samples. MePB was detected at higher concentrations in urine (mean: 378.5 ng/mL) followed by TCS (mean: 55.3 ng/mL), ethyl paraben (EtPB) (mean: 23.2 ng/mL) and butyl paraben (BuPB) (mean: 2.3 ng/mL) while benzyl paraben (BePB) was not detected in any urine sample. Concentrations in amniotic fluid samples were much lower. In particular, the mean concentrations were 6.6 ng/mL for MePB, 9.2 ng/mL for EtPB, 0.4 ng/mL for BuPB, 0.6 ng/mL for BePB and 1.8 ng/mL for TCS. The detected levels of all analytes in urine were correlated with those in amniotic fluid but no statistically significant results arose (p >n0.05). Negative associations were observed between amniotic fluid levels of MePB and maternal age (p = 0.05) while both urinary and amniotic levels of TCS were correlated with maternal BMI (p = 0.04). Somatometric characteristics of the infants showed no statistical significant associations with the detected levels of PBs and TCS. CONCLUSION This study indicated a strong/possible association between exposure of pregnant women to TCS and higher/lower maternal body weight gain during pregnancy. The same trend was observed between amniotic fluid MePB levels and maternal age. However, no statistically significant associations were observed between neonatal somatometric characteristics or health status and PBs and TCS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, GR-71500, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
| | - Elisavet Kouvidi
- Genesis Genoma Lab, Genetic Diagnosis, Clinical Genetics & Research, Athens, GR-15232, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Sifakis
- Mitera Maternity Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71201, Greece
| | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
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Tsika C, Tzatzarakis MN, Antimisiaris SG, Tsoka P, Efstathopoulos P, Charalampopoulos I, Gravanis A, Tsilimbaris MK. Quantification of BNN27, a novel neuroprotective 17-spiroepoxy dehydroepiandrosterone derivative in the blood and retina of rodents, after single intraperitoneal administration. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00724. [PMID: 33638308 PMCID: PMC7911036 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BNN27 is a novel 17‐spiroepoxy derivative of the neurosteroid Dehydroepiandrosterone with neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was the detection and quantification of BNN27 after single intraperitoneal administration, in the serum and retina of normal rodents. Forty‐two C57BL/6 mice and 48 Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the quantification of BNN27 in the blood serum and retina, respectively. BNN27 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at concentrations of 100 and 30 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively. The blood was collected with retro‐orbital bleeding and the retina was isolated after enucleation at various time points. The molecule concentrations were measured with Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Non‐compartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. BNN27 was found to have an elimination constant kel = 0.465 h−1 and mean residence time (MRT) 2.154 h in the mouse serum. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in the retina was detected at 2 h (tCmax) after intraperitoneal administration and was equal to 1100 ng/g. BNN27 is rapidly eliminated from both blood and retina. In the retina specifically, it is undetectable 6 h after injection. BNN27 shows a rapid systemic elimination as anticipated by its small size and lipophilicity. It is measurable in small peripheral tissues such as the rat retina, after one single i.p. injection, using a simple method such as LC‐MS. Its detection in the retina corroborates the existing biological data that the molecule crosses the blood–retinal barrier, highlighting it as a potential neuroprotective agent for retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Tsika
- Laboratory of Vision and Optics, Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio, Greece
| | - Pavlina Tsoka
- Laboratory of Vision and Optics, Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miltiadis K Tsilimbaris
- Laboratory of Vision and Optics, Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
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9
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Katsidoni V, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Thermos K, Kastellakis A, Panagis G. Differential effects of chronic voluntary wheel-running on morphine induced brain stimulation reward, motor activity and striatal dopaminergic activity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 394:112831. [PMID: 32721470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise could be a protective factor against the development of substance use disorders; however, a number of preclinical studies report reward-enhancing effects of exercise for various drugs of abuse. We examined the effects of chronic wheel-running on brain reward sensitivity, reaction to novelty, reward-facilitating and locomotor-stimulating effects of morphine, using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and the open field test (OFT). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary or exercised group. For the ICSS procedure, rats were implanted with electrodes and trained to respond for electrical stimulation. Several indices were recorded in the training phase to estimate brain reward sensitivity. Once responding was stable, the animals of both groups received systemic injections of morphine and their ICSS thresholds were measured with the curve-shift paradigm. Employing the OFT, basal and morphine-induced locomotor activity was measured. Finally, basal and morphine-evoked tissue levels of dopamine and its metabolites were determined in the striatum using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chronic wheel-running decreased brain reward sensitivity and subsequently increased the reward-facilitating effect of morphine. Exercised animals demonstrated a decreased reaction to novelty and reduced morphine-induced locomotion. Lastly, dopaminergic activity was decreased in the striatum of exercised animals under basal conditions, whereas morphine administration led to an increase in dopamine turnover. These findings indicate that chronic voluntary exercise exerts divergent effects on reward function, psychomotor activity and the reward-facilitating and locomotor-activating effects of opioids during adulthood. Our results provide insights into the increased non-medical use of opioids among young athletes reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Katsidoni
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Thermos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas Kastellakis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - George Panagis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Crete, Greece.
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10
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Karzi V, Hatzidaki E, Stavroulaki A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Phthalate metabolites concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal urine: Cumulative exposure and risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:529-538. [PMID: 32368503 PMCID: PMC7186561 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used in industry as plasticizers or additives in everyday products and they have been considered as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Maternal exposure during pregnancy has been associated with neonatal exposure, preterm birth and impacts in the reproductive and respiratory systems. The aim of this study is to determine six phthalate metabolites (mono isobutyl phthalate, miBP, mono n-butyl phthalate, mnBP, mono benzyl phthalate, mBzP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate, mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate, mEHHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate, mEOHP) in amniotic fluid and urine from 100 pregnant women. Participants answered questionnaires for the use of plastics and cosmetics, dietary habits, health effects, pregnancy problems, health and infant development. Positive amniotic fluid samples ranged from 1% to 21% and urine from 27% to 54%. The median levels for amniotic fluid were 2.3 μg/L - 10.7 μg/L and for urine 4.9 μg/L - 46.7 μg/L. The major results include significant correlations between urinary phthalates indicating their common sources of exposure, the frequent use of deodorant was significantly associated with higher urinary miBP (p = 0.050) and mnBP (p = 0.028) and a weak inverse association was found for the use of make-up products with mBzP (p = 0.053). The frequent use of plastic food containers was significantly associated with urinary mEHP (p = 0.026), and a positive trend was noticed for mEHP in amniotic fluid (p = 0.093). An association although weak was found between urinary mEHP and lower birth length (rs = 0.396, p = 0.062). No other associations were found for infant health problems or development. The daily intake of the total phthalates was calculated 5.4 μg/kg body weight/day which corresponds to hazard index 0.10 and exposure follows the declining trend that has been observed the last decades.
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Key Words
- 2cx-mMHP, mono 2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate
- Amniotic fluid
- BBzP, benzyl butyl phthalate
- DEHP, di 2-ethylhexyl phthalate
- Daily intake
- DiBP, di iso-butyl phthalate
- DiNP, di isononyl phthalate
- DnBP, di n-butyl phthalate
- EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals
- EDI, estimated daily intake HQ, hazard quotient
- HI, hazard index
- LC-APCI-MS, liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry
- Phthalate metabolites
- Risk assessment
- Urine
- mBzP, mono benzyl phthalate
- mECPP or 5cx-mEPP, mono 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
- mEHHP or 5OH-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate
- mEHP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate
- mEOHP or 5oxo-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate
- mEP, mono ethyl phthalate
- miBP, mono iso-butyl phthalate
- mmP, mono methyl phthalate
- mnBP, mono n-butyl phthalate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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11
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Stavroulaki A, Xezonaki P, Vakonaki E, Alegakis AK, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenols A and S and phthalate metabolites in hair from pregnant women in Crete. Sci Total Environ 2020; 712:135651. [PMID: 31810691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, bisphenols A and S (BPA, BPS) are used as plasticizers and many of them are documented or suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Several studies indicate that exposure during pregnancy may affect the newborn's health and development. The aim of this cross-sectional study is the biomonitoring of seven phthalate metabolites, BPA and BPS in hair from 100 pregnant women in Crete. The most frequently detected compounds were monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) (68%), mono isobutyl phthalate (miBP) (40%), BPA (37%), BPS (34%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (mnBP) (28%). Phthalate metabolites were detected at medians from 19.5 to 44.4 pg/mg, BPA at 69.9 pg/mg and BPS at 3.5 pg/mg. Significant positive correlations between phthalate metabolites were found which indicated their common sources of exposure. The frequent use of plastics for food storage was strongly associated with mEHP (p = .013) and a weaker association was found for miBP (p = .063). The frequent use of cosmetics during or before pregnancy was associated with levels of phthalate metabolites in hair. More specifically, the use of hair spray before pregnancy was significantly correlated with monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) (p = .041) and a trend was found for miBP (p = .066). The use of makeup products during pregnancy was strongly associated with miBP (p = .015) and the use of deodorant during pregnancy was inversely associated with mEHP (p = .021). Strong associations came up between mEHP and lower birth weight (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = -0.302, p = .021) and exposure to BPS was associated with increased body mass index of the participants (p = .036). Although data in literature on biomonitoring of the compounds in hair are limited, the findings of this study are promising and in agreement with existing data in hair or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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12
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Hernández AF, Lozano-Paniagua D, González-Alzaga B, Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, López-Flores I, Aguilar-Garduño C, Caparros-Gonzalez RA, Tsatsakis AM, Lacasaña M. Biomonitoring of common organophosphate metabolites in hair and urine of children from an agricultural community. Environ Int 2019; 131:104997. [PMID: 31362151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Levels of dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured in hair and urine of children that lived close to intensively farmed areas of Almeria (Southeast Spain). The levels were used as proxies for exposure of these children to organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Determinants of exposure to DAPs were also examined. Urine and hair samples were collected from 222 children aged 3-11 years and information on lifestyle and dietary habits was collected from questionnaires administered to mothers. Urinary DAPs were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and hair DAPs by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Detection rates ranged from 21.8% for diethylphosphate (DEP) and diethylthiophosphate (DETP) to 35.9% for dimethylphosphate (DMP) in urine; and from 42.3% for DETP to 92.8% for DMP in hair. Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) was detected in 0.5% of urine samples (one child), and in 26.6% of children's hair samples. A lack of correlation was observed for individual DAP metabolites and ΣDAPs between urine and hair samples, except for DEDTP. Urinary DAP levels of our child population were lower than those reported for children from other countries, including NHANES 1999-2000 data. The main determinants of hair DAP levels were age, sex, vegetable intake, parental exposure to pesticides at work, time spent playing indoors, monthly income and father's education level. Conversely, none of the predictors studied was significantly associated with urinary DAPs except age. Overall, hair has advantages over urine as it is easier to collect, handle and store, and allows for assessment of cumulative exposure to OPs, thus providing a greater insight for human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz González-Alzaga
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals/University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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13
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Renieri EA, Goumenou M, Kardonsky DA, Veselov VV, Alegakis AΚ, Buha A, Tzatzarakis MN, Nosyrev AE, Rakitskii VN, Kentouri M, Tsatsakis A. Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:260-269. [PMID: 30898530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Health benefits of fish consumption could be counterbalanced by the intake of contaminants after long term fish consumption, burdened even in trace levels. The presence of the indicator PCBs (NDL-PCBs and PCB 118) in farmed and wild seabream and seabass was evaluated. For the determination of PCB, a GC-MS method was developed and evaluated. The association of PCB accumulation in fish with seasonality, locality, production mode and species was also investigated. A new approach for the risk characterisation after exposure to NDL-PCB through fish consumption in Greece was developed, based on the real exposure and the permitted maximum levels of both aggregated dietary exposure and exposure through fish consumption. PCB levels determined in fish were below established permitted limits (6.24 ng/g 95th percentile), while PCB levels and congener distribution varied significantly between farmed and wild fish (p = 0.001). Seasonality was highlighted as an important factor affecting NDL-PCBs accumulation, with high levels coinciding with the reproduction period of each species. Differences were also depicted for sampling sites, with PCB 118 presenting significantly higher values in open seas while NDL-PCB congeners in closed seas. Risk assessment of NDL-PCB intake through fish consumption corrected for the aggregated exposure revealed no risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet A Renieri
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece.
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Dmitry A Kardonsky
- Center of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia, Sechenov University, Russia
| | - Valery V Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia, Sechenov University, Russia
| | - Athanasios Κ Alegakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexander E Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia, Sechenov University, Russia
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- FBES, FSCH Named after F.F. Erisman» of the Rospotrebnadzor, Mytishchi, Russia
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
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14
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Tsatsakis A, Stratidakis AK, Goryachaya AV, Tzatzarakis MN, Stivaktakis PD, Docea AO, Berdiaki A, Nikitovic D, Velonia K, Shtilman MI, Rizos AK, Kuskov AN. In vitro blood compatibility and in vitro cytotoxicity of amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:42-52. [PMID: 30836108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on defining the in vitro behavior of amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (Amph-PVP) nanoparticles toward whole blood, blood plasma and blood cells in order to assess nanoparticle blood compatibility. In addition, possible effects on endothelium cell growth/viability were evaluated. The Amph-PVP nanoparticles were formed via self-assembling in aqueous media and composed of a hydrophobic alkyl core and a hydrophilic PVP outer shell. Their blood compatibility was evaluated by investigating their effect on red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes, white blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes, platelets (PLTs) and on complement system activation. Our results clearly demonstrate that the Amph-PVP nanoparticles are stable in presence of blood serum, have no significant effects on the function of RBCs, WBCs, PLTs and complement system activation. The Amph-PVP nanoparticles did not show considerable hemolytic or inflammatory effect, neither influence on platelet aggregation, coagulation process, or complement activation at the tested concentration range of 0.05-0.5 mg/ml. The Amph-PVP nanoparticles did not exhibit any significant effect on HMEC-1 microvascular skin endothelial cells' growth in in vitro experiments. The excellent blood compatibility of the Amph-PVP nanoparticles and the lack of effect on endothelium cell growth/viability represent a crucial feature dictating their further study as novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece; Department of Biomaterials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation; Department of Technology of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - A K Stratidakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - A V Goryachaya
- Department of Biomaterials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation
| | - M N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - P D Stivaktakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - A O Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ai Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - D Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - K Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, University Campus Voutes, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - M I Shtilman
- Department of Biomaterials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation
| | - A K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, FORTH-IESL, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - A N Kuskov
- Department of Biomaterials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation; Department of Technology of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation.
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15
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Iatrou EI, Tsygankov V, Seryodkin I, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Barbounis E, Zakharenko AM, Chaika VV, Sergievich AA, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast K. Monitoring of environmental persistent organic pollutants in hair samples collected from wild terrestrial mammals of Primorsky Krai, Russia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:7640-7650. [PMID: 30666573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) constitute a wide range of chemicals. Their release into the environment has raised great concern due to their potentially harmful impact in humans and wildlife species. The aim of this current study was to detect selected POPs in hair samples of wild terrestrial mammals from Primorsky Krai, Russia, so as to assess potential environmental exposure. The tested wild species were leopard cat, musk deer, wolf, amur hedgehog, and raccoon dog. The targeted organochlorines were hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs (opDDE, ppDDE, and opDDD), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (acenaphylene (ACEN), fluorene (FLU), anthracene (ANTH) phenathrene (PHEN), and pyrene (PYR)). The detection of POPs was conducted in hair samples by a one-step hair extraction method, by using a headspace solid-phase microextraction technique (HS-SPME) and analyzed then by GC-MS. The majority of the wild animal hair samples were found positive in all tested pollutants. More specifically, the percentage of positive hair samples for HCB was 93.3% and for DDTs, PCBs, and PAHs, 20.0 to 100.0%, 6.7 to 100.0%, and 75.0 to 100.0%, respectively. DDT, PCB, and PAH detection ranged from 1.26 to 52.06 pg mg-1, 0.73 to 31.34 pg mg-1, and 2.59 to 35.00 pg mg-1, respectively. The highest mean concentration levels of all tested pollutants were found for musk deer (PCBs 12.41 pg mg-1, DDTs 21.87 pg mg-1, PAHs 22.12 pg mg-1) compared to the other wild species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides results regarding contamination in different terrestrial mammals by POP exposure. The use of hair as a matrix is proven to be an effective tool for nondestructive biological monitoring of POP contamination in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia I Iatrou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 710 03, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ivan Seryodkin
- Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 710 03, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 710 03, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Barbounis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 710 03, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Alexander A Sergievich
- Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, P.O. Box 1393, 710 03, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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16
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Katsikantami I, Colosio C, Alegakis A, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Rizos AK, Sarigiannis DA, Tsatsakis AM. Estimation of daily intake and risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides based on biomonitoring data - The internal exposure approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:57-71. [PMID: 30352298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to pesticides can be estimated through different approaches. The approach adopted in this study is based on internal dose measures. Studies published during 2001 and 2017 were collected from PubMed and Scopus databases, filtered and organized. The intake of parent compounds is estimated based on the urinary excretion of different OP metabolites applying a mathematical model previously used for similar purposes. Once defined an Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), risk assessment is performed through comparison with specific guideline values and hazard index (HI) is calculated to assess cumulative health risk. The EDI was expressed as malathion, diazinon, parathion, phorate and dimethoate equivalents. Differences in exposure between pregnant women, general population, children and farmers are highlighted and exposures are presented by country and sampling year. Higher exposure to OPs was calculated for farmers, followed by children whereas pregnant women were less exposed. Median HQ values for children ranged between 0.016 and 0.618, for pregnant women 0.005-0.151, for general population 0.008-0.206 and for farmers 0.009-0.979. Combined exposure to dimethoate and phorate was the worst-case scenario. The annual distribution of the urinary DAPs showed that exposure to OPs since 1998 tends to be stable for both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, FORTH-IESL, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health of the University of Milan, International Centre for Rural Health of the University Hospital San Paolo, S. Paolo Hospital Unit, Via San Vigilio 43, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, FORTH-IESL, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (KEDEK), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Environmental Health Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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17
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Ozcagli E, Kara M, Kotil T, Fragkiadaki P, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsitsimpikou C, Stivaktakis PD, Tsoukalas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Alpertunga B. Stanozolol administration combined with exercise leads to decreased telomerase activity possibly associated with liver aging. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:405-413. [PMID: 29717770 PMCID: PMC5979936 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anabolic agents are doping substances which are commonly used in sports. Stanozolol, a 17α‑alkylated derivative of testosterone, has a widespread use among athletes and bodybuilders. Several medical and behavioral adverse effects are associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse, while the liver remains the most well recognized target organ. In the present study, the hepatic effects of stanozolol administration in rats at high doses resembling those used for doping purposes were investigated, in the presence or absence of exercise. Stanozolol and its metabolites, 16‑β‑hydroxystanozolol and 3'‑hydroxystanozolol, were detected in rat livers using liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry (LC‑MS). Telomerase activity, which is involved in cellular aging and tumorigenesis, was detected by examining telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression levels in the livers of stanozolol‑treated rats. Stanozolol induced telomerase activity at the molecular level in the liver tissue of rats and exercise reversed this induction, reflecting possible premature liver tissue aging. PTEN gene expression in the rat livers was practically unaffected either by exercise or by stanozolol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
| | - Tugba Kotil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Tsoukalas
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and
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18
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Alegakis T, Katsikantami I, Sifakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A, triclosan and perfluorooctanoic acid in hair samples of children and adults. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1144-1152. [PMID: 29722443 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are endocrine disruptors linked with negative health effects such as developmental, reproductive and cardiovascular toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine simultaneously the concentration of BPA, TCS and PFOA in hair from children and adults and examine possible associations between biomonitoring data and age, gender, dietary habits and body mass index. Methanolic extraction was applied and the compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Low levels of exposure to PFOA were detected for children and adults at concentrations below limit of quantification. The mean concentration of BPA in children and adults was 20.6 and 16.6 pg mg-1 , while for TCS 275.2 and 687.0 pg mg-1 , respectively. Children were highly exposed to BPA relative to adults (P = .011) although adults had greater exposure to TCS (P = .003). Hair from girls had a greater burden of BPA (P = .06) compared to boys. Moreover, higher TCS levels were depicted for females in both examined groups (children P = .200 and adults P = .213) compared to males, but no statistical differences were observed. Significant differences were also observed between age groups (P = .0007) for TCS. No correlations were found between BPA or TCS levels and body mass index or dietary habits for both children and adults. Children have a greater exposure to BPA compared to adults, whereas exposure of adults to TCS seems to be higher than that in children and elderly people. Exposure to BPA occurs mainly via ingestion whereas exposure to TCS mainly via dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thanasis Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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19
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Vardavas AI, Ozcagli E, Fragkiadaki P, Stivaktakis PD, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Vasilaki F, Kaloudis K, Tsiaoussis J, Kouretas D, Tsitsimpikou C, Carvalho F, Tsatsakis AM. The metabolism of imidacloprid by aldehyde oxidase contributes to its clastogenic effect in New Zealand rabbits. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2018; 829-830:26-32. [PMID: 29704990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a systemic, chloro-nicotinyl insecticide classified in Regulation N° 1272/2008 of the European Commision as "harmful if swallowed and very toxic to aquatic life, with long-lasting effects". IMI is metabolized in vitro both by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) (reduction) and by cytochrome P450s enzymes (CYPs). In the present study, the AOX inhibitor sodium tungstate dihydrate (ST) was used to elucidate the relative contribution of CYP 450 and AOX metabolic pathways on IMI metabolism, in male rabbits exposed to IMI for two months. To evaluate the inhibition effectiveness, various metabolite concentrations in the IMI and IMI + ST exposed groups were monitored. DNA damage was also evaluated in micronucleus (MN) and single cell electrophoresis (SCGC) assays in both groups, along with oxidative stress (OS) with the inflammatory status of the exposed animals, in order to clarify which metabolic pathway is more detrimental in this experimental setting. A significant increase in the frequency of binucleated cells with MN (BNMN, 105%) and micronuclei (MN, 142%) was observed after exposure to IMI (p < 0.001). The increase in the ST co-exposed animals was less pronounced (BNMN 75%, MN 95%). The Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI) showed no significant difference between controls and exposed animals at any time of exposure (p > 0.05), which indicates no cytotoxic effect. Similarly, comet results show that the IMI group exhibited the highest achieved tail intensity, which reached 70.7% over the control groups, whereas in the IMI + ST groups the increase remained at 48.5%. No differences were observed between all groups for oxidative-stress biomarkers. The results indicate that the AOX metabolic pathway plays a more important role in the systemic toxicity of IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Polychronis D Stivaktakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Fotini Vasilaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kostas Kaloudis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Department of Hazardous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, 16 An. Tsocha, 1152 Athens, Greece
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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20
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Vakonaki E, Tsiminikaki K, Plaitis S, Fragkiadaki P, Tsoukalas D, Katsikantami I, Vaki G, Tzatzarakis MN, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM. Common mental disorders and association with telomere length. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:111-116. [PMID: 29435268 PMCID: PMC5778888 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repeated 5′-TTAGGG-3′ sequences at the end of chromosomes, which maintain genomic stability. Their length is related to a number of diseases that affect humans. Apart from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other, telomere length has been associated with chronic diseases. Chronic mental illness includes various types of mental disorders with the most common being depression, schizophrenia and stress-anxiety. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of telomeres in these disorders and to compare telomere length variations in patients receiving medication and patients not taking treatment. Most studies report reduced telomere length in patients suffering from mental disorders, compared to the general population. Since the factors that can affect telomere length are various, more experiments and investigations are required to understand the general impact of different factors on telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - K Tsiminikaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - S Plaitis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - D Tsoukalas
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - G Vaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - M N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - D A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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21
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Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Moti S, Alegakis A, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsakiris I, Goumenou M, Nosyrev AE, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Quantification of 4-Methylimidazole in soft drinks, sauces and vinegars of Greek market using two liquid chromatography techniques. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:565-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Vardavas CI, Girvalaki C, Filippidis FT, Oder M, Kastanje R, de Vries I, Scholtens L, Annas A, Plackova S, Turk R, Gruzdyte L, Rato F, Genser D, Schiel H, Balázs A, Donohoe E, Vardavas AI, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis AM, Behrakis PK. Characteristics and outcomes of e-cigarette exposure incidents reported to 10 European Poison Centers: a retrospective data analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:36. [PMID: 28824358 PMCID: PMC5559815 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of e-cigarettes has increased during the past few years. Exposure to e-cigarette liquids, whether intentional or accidental, may lead to adverse events our aim was to assess factors associated with e-cigarette exposures across European Union Member States (EU MS). Methods A retrospective analysis of exposures associated with e-cigarettes reported to national poison centers was performed covering incidents from 2012 to March 2015 from 10 EU MS. De-identified and anonymous raw data was acquired. Results In total, 277 incidents were reported. Unintentional exposure was the most frequently cited type of exposure (71.3%), while e-cigarette refill vials were responsible for the majority of the reported incidents (87.3%). Two-thirds of all exposures (67.5%) occurred as ingestion of e-liquids, which was more frequent among children (≤ 5 years, 6–18 years) compared to adults (87.0% vs. 59.3% vs. 57.6%, p < 0.001 respectively), exposure via the respiratory (5.4% vs. 22.2% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among paediatric patients while ocular routes (2.2% vs. 3.7% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.021) were more frequent among adults. Logistic regression analyses indicated that paediatric incidents (≤ 5 years) were more likely to be through ingestion (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.36, 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.]: 1.87–10.18), but less likely to have a reported clinical effect (aOR = 0.41, 95% C.I.: 0.21–0.82). Conclusions Our study highlighted parameters related to e-cigarette exposure incidents in 10 EU MS, the results of which indicate that consideration should be given to the design features which may mitigate risks, thereby protecting users, non-users and especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine I Vardavas
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAAA), Athens, Greece.,Institute of Public Health, American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Girvalaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mare Oder
- Poisoning Information Center, Estonian Health Board, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ruth Kastanje
- Poisoning Information Center, Estonian Health Board, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Irma de Vries
- Dutch Poisons Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrech, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Scholtens
- Dutch Poisons Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrech, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Annas
- Swedish Poisons Information Center, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Plackova
- National Toxicological Information Center, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research an Occupational Health, Poison Control Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laima Gruzdyte
- Poison Information Bureau, Health emergency situations center of the Ministry of health, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Fátima Rato
- National Institute Of Medical Emergency, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Andrea Balázs
- National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Chemical Safety, Health Toxicological Information Service, Budapestᅟ, Hungary
| | - Elaine Donohoe
- National Poisons Information Center, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Behrakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAAA), Athens, Greece.,Institute of Public Health, American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
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23
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Kuskov AN, Kulikov PP, Goryachaya AV, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis AM, Velonia K, Shtilman MI. Self-assembled amphiphilic poly-N
-vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles as carriers for hydrophobic drugs: Stability aspects. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Kuskov
- Biomaterials, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; Miusskaya Sqr. 9, Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
- ChemBioTech, Moscow Polytechnic University; Bolshaya Semenovskaya 38, Moscow 107023 Russian Federation
| | - Pavel P. Kulikov
- Biomaterials, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; Miusskaya Sqr. 9, Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V. Goryachaya
- Biomaterials, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; Miusskaya Sqr. 9, Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes; Heraklion Crete 71003 Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes; Heraklion Crete 71003 Greece
| | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology; School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, University Campus Voutes; Heraklion Crete 71003 Greece
| | - Mikhail I. Shtilman
- Biomaterials, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia; Miusskaya Sqr. 9, Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
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24
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Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Kavvalakis MP, Vakonaki E, Stivaktakis PD, Kanaki K, Vardavas AI, Barbounis EG, Tsatsakis AM. Comparative Evaluation of Drug Deposition in Hair Samples Collected from Different Anatomical Body Sites. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:214-223. [PMID: 27979929 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we focused on the validation of a method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of cannabinoids, cocaine and opiates in hair as well as on the distribution of the drugs deposition in hair collected from different anatomical body sites. The proposed analytical procedure was validated for various parameters such as selectivity, linearity, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, matrix effect and recovery. Four hundred and eighty-one samples were collected during 2010-2015 from 231 drug abusers. A 6-h ultrasonic-assisted methanolic extraction was applied for the isolation of the drugs. The analysis was performed in an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system for the opiates and cocaine and in a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system for the cannabinoids. Cocaine was the most frequent detected drug (68.8-80.5%) followed by cannabinoids (47.6-63.3%) and opiates (34.7-46.7%) depending on the body site that the samples were collected. The mean concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were 0.63 ± 2.11 for head, 0.54 ± 1.03 for pubic, 0.34 ± 0.51 for axillary and 0.18 ± 0.18 ng/mg for chest hair samples. The values of cocaine were 6.52 ± 15.98, 4.64 ± 10.77, 6.96 ± 38.21 and 3.94 ± 6.35 ng/mg, while the values of 6-monoacetylmorphine (MAM) were 3.33 ± 5.89, 3.06 ± 9.33, 1.37 ± 1.37 and 16.4 ± 1.77 ng/mg for head, pubic, axillary and chest samples, respectively. Differences between the detected concentrations of cocaine and opiates between the hair samples of different anatomical sites, as well as the ratio of drug metabolites to the parent compounds were observed in some cases. Statistically significant differences in the mean detected levels were noticed for morphine and heroin between head and pubic hair and also for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, between head and axillary hair samples. Moreover, the ratio of MAM to morphine and THC to cannabinol seems to correlate statistically with the total opiate or cannabinoid detected concentrations. The above differences could be attributed to several parameters associated with the structure, morphology, growth rate and other characteristics of the collected hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Matthaios P Kavvalakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | | | - Katerina Kanaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Alexander I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil G Barbounis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece.,N.Asteriadis S.A., Metamorfosi, 14451 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
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Nestoros JN, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis A, Skondras MD, Tsatsakis AM. Long lasting effects of chronic heavy cannabis abuse. Am J Addict 2017; 26:335-342. [PMID: 28314070 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of short-term memory impairment and schizophrenia-like symptoms in heavy and systematic cannabis users and the association between the severity of abuse and the longevity of its persistent symptoms after refraining from such use. METHODS A complete psychiatric examination and a psychometric evaluation were performed in 48 solely cannabis users. Additionally, head hair samples were analyzed and the detected cannabinoids levels were correlated with the psychometric findings. RESULTS A total of 33.3% (n = 16) of the total examined cannabis users were currently imprisoned. The years of abuse ranged from 1 to 35 years and the median daily dose was 5.84.4 gr and 4.84.0 gr for prisoners (n = 16) and non prisoners (n = 32), respectively. A total of 39.6% of the users experienced hallucinations (mostly auditory), 54.2% experienced delusions (mostly ideas of reference and persecution), 85.4% had organic brain dysfunction in a test addressing visual-motor functioning and visual perception skills, and all users (100%) were found to have organic brain dysfunction in a test of visual memory immediate recall. The cannabinoid metabolite levels in the hair samples were consistent with the reported history of substance abuse and total grams of consumption for the participants below 35 years old (p < .001). Statistically elevated cannabinoids levels were observed in users with auditory hallucinations compared to users without any hallucinations (p = .019). CONCLUSIONS The existence of hallucinations, delusions, and organic brain dysfunction in heavy cannabis users seems to be associated with cannabinoid levels in hair. The continuation of persistent symptoms 3 months after the discontinuation of cannabis abuse, was a remarkable finding. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE We provide evidence that chronic and heavy cannabis abuse results in long-lasting brain dysfunction in all users and in long-lasting schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms in more than half of all users. These findings suggest a reevaluation of the current classification of cannabis as a "soft narcotic" which erroneously, therefore, is typically considered harmless. (Am J Addict 2017;26:335-342).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis N Nestoros
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Scientific Director, Synchronal Amphiaraia University of Crete Spin-off Company, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Markos D Skondras
- Former Psychiatrist of Psychiatric Hospital of Korydallos Prison, Korydallos, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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26
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Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D, Tzatzarakis MN, Stivaktakis P, Tsarouhas K, Golokhvast KS, Rakitskii VN, Tutelyan VA, Hernandez AF, Rezaee R, Chung G, Fenga C, Engin AB, Neagu M, Arsene AL, Docea AO, Gofita E, Calina D, Taitzoglou I, Liesivuori J, Hayes AW, Gutnikov S, Tsitsimpikou C. Simulating real-life exposures to uncover possible risks to human health: A proposed consensus for a novel methodological approach. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:554-564. [PMID: 28539089 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116681652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In real life, consumers are exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals via food, water and commercial products consumption. Since risk assessment usually focuses on individual compounds, the current regulatory approach doesn't assess the overall risk of chemicals present in a mixture. This study will evaluate the cumulative toxicity of mixtures of different classes of pesticides and mixtures of different classes of pesticides together with food additives (FAs) and common consumer product chemicals using realistic doses after long-term exposure. Groups of Sprague Dawley (CD-SD) rats (20 males and 20 females) will be treated with mixtures of pesticides or mixtures of pesticides together with FAs and common consumer product chemicals in 0.0, 0.25 × acceptable daily intake (ADI)/tolerable daily intake (TDI), ADI/TDI and 5 × ADI/TDI doses for 104 weeks. All animals will be examined every day for signs of morbidity and mortality. Clinical chemistry hematological parameters, serum hormone levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, urinalysis and echocardiographic tests will be assessed periodically at 6 month intervals. At 3-month intervals, ophthalmological examination, test for sensory reactivity to different types of stimuli, together with assessment of learning abilities and memory performance of the adult and ageing animals will be conducted. After 24 months, animals will be necropsied, and internal organs will be histopathologically examined. If the hypothesis of an increased risk or a new hazard not currently identified from cumulative exposure to multiple chemicals was observed, this will provide further information to public authorities and research communities supporting the need of replacing current single-compound risk assessment by a more robust cumulative risk assessment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tsatsakis
- 1 Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,2 Scientific Educational Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,3 Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D Kouretas
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - M N Tzatzarakis
- 1 Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Stivaktakis
- 1 Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - K Tsarouhas
- 5 Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly Prefecture, Larissa, Greece
| | - K S Golokhvast
- 2 Scientific Educational Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - V N Rakitskii
- 3 Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V A Tutelyan
- 6 Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A F Hernandez
- 7 Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - R Rezaee
- 8 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - G Chung
- 9 Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, Korea
| | - C Fenga
- 10 Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A B Engin
- 11 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Neagu
- 12 Department of Immunology , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A L Arsene
- 13 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A O Docea
- 14 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - E Gofita
- 14 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - D Calina
- 15 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - I Taitzoglou
- 16 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Liesivuori
- 17 Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A W Hayes
- 18 Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,19 Environmental Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S Gutnikov
- 20 School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - C Tsitsimpikou
- 21 Department of Hazardous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, Directorate of Energy, Industrial and Chemical Products, General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Athens, Greece
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27
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Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Vakonaki E, Goumenou M, Kavvalakis M, Stivaktakis P, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsakiris I, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Bisphenol A in soft drinks and canned foods and data evaluation. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2016; 10:85-90. [PMID: 27897085 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2016.1266522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common industrial chemicals and known to exert endocrine disruption activity. The aim of this study was the quantification of BPA in food stuffs on the Greek market. The applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was validated for linearity, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and recovery. About 41.7% of the canned solid phase samples, 25.0% of the canned liquid phase samples and 43.8% of the soft drinks were positive. Mean BPA concentrations (range) were 33.4 ± 4.4 ng/g (4.90 ± 0.64-66.0 ± 8.6 ng/g) in canned solid phase, 2.70 ± 0.08 ng/ml (1.90 ± 0.06-3.50 ± 0.11 ng/ml) in canned liquid phase and 2.30 ± 0.18 ng/ml (0.40 ± 0.03-10.2 ± 0.8 ng/ml) in soft drinks. The results of this study are comparable with those reported in the literature according to which higher concentrations of BPA were detected in the solid fraction of canned food compared to their liquid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece.,b Department of Chemistry , University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL) , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Marina Goumenou
- c Pesticides Department , European Food Safety Authority , Parma , Italy
| | - Matthaios Kavvalakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- d National Helpdesk for REACH and CLP , General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiris
- e Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agriculture Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition , TEI of Western Macedonia , Florina , Greece
| | - Apostolos K Rizos
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL) , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- a Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
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28
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Katsikantami I, Sifakis S, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Kalantzi OI, Tsatsakis AM, Rizos AK. A global assessment of phthalates burden and related links to health effects. Environ Int 2016; 97:212-236. [PMID: 27669632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental contaminants which are used in industry as plasticizers and additives in cosmetics. They are classified as Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) which impair the human endocrine system inducing fertility problems, respiratory diseases, childhood obesity and neuropsychological disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the toxicity that phthalates pose in humans based on human biomonitoring studies conducted over the last decade. Except for conventional biological matrices (such as urine and serum), amniotic fluid, human milk, semen, saliva, sweat, meconium and human hair are also employed for the estimation of exposure and distribution of pollutants in the human body, although data are not enough yet. Children are highly exposed to phthalates relative to adults and in most studies children's daily intake surpasses the maximum reference dose (RfD) set from US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). However, the global trend is that human exposure to phthalates is decreasing annually as a result of the strict regulations applied to phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, FORTH-IESL, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, FORTH-IESL, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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29
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Kuskov AN, Kulikov PP, Goryachaya AV, Tzatzarakis MN, Docea AO, Velonia K, Shtilman MI, Tsatsakis AM. Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles as carriers for non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs: In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute toxicity study. Nanomedicine 2016; 13:1021-1030. [PMID: 27884639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared from self-assembled amphiphilic N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers in aqueous media and evaluated as novel carriers of indomethacin, a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug. It was determined that these nanoparticles could be created in spherical morphologies with sizes less than 100nm, narrow size distributions and high indomethacin contents(up to 35%) combined with high drug loading efficiencies(up to 95%). In cytotoxicity tests using the human embryonic stem cell derived fibroblasts (EBF-H9) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), the indomethacin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles showed higher cell viability compared to that of free indomethacin at the same concentration. The median LD50 values, determined by the Litchfield-Wilcoxon method, were 55-70mg/kg body weight depending on the polymer molecular design in both mice and rats. Based on the acquired results, these novel amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles can be considered as potential carriers for new, highly efficient, injectable drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs such as indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Kuskov
- D. I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel P Kulikov
- D. I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Goryachaya
- D. I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anca O Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, University Campus Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mikhail I Shtilman
- D. I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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30
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Vardavas AI, Stivaktakis PD, Tzatzarakis MN, Fragkiadaki P, Vasilaki F, Tzardi M, Datseri G, Tsiaoussis J, Alegakis AK, Tsitsimpikou C, Rakitskii VN, Carvalho F, Tsatsakis AM. Long-term exposure to cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide cause liver and kidney inflammation and induce genotoxicity in New Zealand white male rabbits. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:250-9. [PMID: 27321377 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CY) is a frequently used class II pyrethroid pesticide, while piperonyl butoxide (PBO) plays a major role in the pesticide formulation of synthetic pyrethroids. Synthetic pyrethroids are metabolized in mammals via oxidation and ester hydrolysis. PBO can prevent the metabolism of CY and enhances its pesticide effect. While this potentiation effect reduces the amount of pesticide required to eliminate insects, it is not clear how this mixture affects mammals. In our in vivo experiment, New Zealand white male rabbits were exposed to low and high doses of CY, PBO, and their combinations, for 4 months. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were monitored by measuring binucleated cells with micronuclei (BNMN), micronuclei (MN) and the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) in lymphocytes. After two months of exposure, a statistically significant increase in the frequency of BNMN was observed for all exposed animals (p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent way. MN were significantly elevated compared to controls (p < 0.001), with high dose groups reaching a 442% increase when co-exposed. BNMN and MN continued to increase after four months. Histopathological examination of lesions showed damage involving inflammation, attaining lymphoplasmatocytic infiltration in the high dose groups. Both CY and PBO cause liver and kidney inflammation and induce genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Polychronis D Stivaktakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Fotini Vasilaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School Voutes-Stavrakia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Galateia Datseri
- Department of Pathology, Medical School Voutes-Stavrakia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Department of Hazardous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, 16 An. Tsocha Str, 1152 Athens, Greece
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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31
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Knipe DW, Jayasumana C, Siribaddana S, Priyadarshana C, Pearson M, Gunnell D, Metcalfe C, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis AM. Feasibility of hair sampling to assess levels of organophosphate metabolites in rural areas of Sri Lanka. Environ Res 2016; 147:207-11. [PMID: 26894816 PMCID: PMC4829072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Measuring chronic pesticide exposure is important in order to investigate the associated health effects. Traditional biological samples (blood/urine) are difficult to collect, store and transport in large epidemiological studies in settings such as rural Asia. We assessed the acceptability of collecting hair samples from a rural Sri Lankan population and found that this method of data collection was feasible. We also assessed the level of non-specific metabolites (DAPS) of organophosphate pesticides in the hair samples. The median concentration (pg/mg) of each DAP was: diethyl phosphate: 83.3 (IQI 56.0, 209.4); diethyl thiophosphate: 34.7 (IQI 13.8, 147.9); diethyl dithiophosphate: 34.5 (IQI 23.4, 55.2); and dimethyl phosphate: 3 (IQI 3, 109.7). Total diethylphosphates were recovered in >80% of samples and were positively correlated with self-reported pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Knipe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - C Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura 50008, Sri Lanka
| | - S Siribaddana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura 50008, Sri Lanka
| | - C Priyadarshana
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M Pearson
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - D Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK; South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - C Metcalfe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - M N Tzatzarakis
- Division of Morphology, Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - A M Tsatsakis
- Division of Morphology, Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
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Stivaktakis PD, Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Panagiotakis MN, Fragkiadaki P, Vakonaki E, Ozcagli E, Hayes WA, Rakitskii VN, Tsatsakis AM. Long-term exposure of rabbits to imidaclorpid as quantified in blood induces genotoxic effect. Chemosphere 2016; 149:108-113. [PMID: 26855213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present in-vivo study focuses on the genotoxic effect of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid (IMI) in rabbits. The purpose of the study was to establish a possible relationship between exposure to the pesticide (dose and duration) and genotoxicity. Furthermore, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of IMI and its major metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) in blood was developed and validated. The isolation of the two analytes from blood was performed by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. Analysis was performed by Liquid Chromatography - Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization - Mass Spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS). The method was applied on the determination of IMI and 6-ClNA in serum samples obtained from rabbits fed with the insecticide at two low doses. Furthermore, parameters of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated by measuring binucleated cells with micronuclei (BNMN), micronuclei (MN) and the Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI), in lymphocytes of exposed rabbits. The results revealed a genotoxic effect of IMI for both exposed groups. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of BNMN and MN between control and exposed groups but there was no dose-dependence, neither time-dependence of the genotoxic effect for the administered doses. This is the first time that long term exposure to IMI in rabbits was studied for the determination of its genotoxic effect. The genotoxic effect of IMI as it is depicted by the current study is in accordance with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis D Stivaktakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Matthaios P Kavvalakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael N Panagiotakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wallace A Hayes
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene Named After F.F. Erisman, Department of Pesticides Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Mytishch, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
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Valente A, Carrillo AE, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Tsatsakis AM, Kenny GP, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ, Flouris AD. The absorption and metabolism of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration: Effects on thermogenesis and metabolic rate. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:262-73. [PMID: 26429629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the absorption and metabolism pharmacokinetics of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration and the effects on human thermogenesis and metabolic rate. Twenty healthy adults were randomly distributed into oral (capsule) and skin (gel) groups and treated with 10 mg kg(-1) L-menthol (ORALMENT; SKINMENT) or control (lactose capsule: ORALCON; water application: SKINCON) in a random order on two different days. Levels of serum L-menthol increased similarly in ORALMENT and SKINMENT (p > 0.05). L-menthol glucuronidation was greater in ORALMENT than SKINMENT (p < 0.05). Cutaneous vasoconstriction, rectal temperature and body heat storage showed greater increase following SKINMENT compared to ORALMENT and control conditions (p < 0.05). Metabolic rate increased from baseline by 18% in SKINMENT and 10% in ORALMENT and respiratory exchange ratio decreased more in ORALMENT (5.4%) than SKINMENT (4.8%) compared to control conditions (p < 0.05). Levels of plasma adiponectin and leptin as well as heart rate variability were similar to control following either treatment (p > 0.05). Participants reported no cold, shivering, discomfort, stress or skin irritation. We conclude that a single L-menthol skin administration increased thermogenesis and metabolic rate in humans. These effects are minor following L-menthol oral administration probably due to faster glucuronidation and greater blood menthol glucuronide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Valente
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Greece; Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | | | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Priftis A, Stagos D, Konstantinopoulos K, Tsitsimpikou C, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Tzatzarakis MN, Kouretas D. Comparison of antioxidant activity between green and roasted coffee beans using molecular methods. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7293-302. [PMID: 26458565 PMCID: PMC4626150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide due to its pleasant taste and aroma. A number of studies have been performed to elucidate the possible beneficial effects of coffee consumption on human health and have shown that coffee exhibits potent antioxidant activity, which may be attributed mainly to its polyphenolic content. However, there is also evidence to suggest that coffee roasting (the procedure which turns green coffee beans to the dark, roasted ones from which the beverage derives) may alter the polyphenolic profile of the beans (e.g., via the Maillard reaction) and, concomitantly, their antioxidant activity. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of 13 coffee varieties was examined in both green and roasted coffee bean extracts using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-eth-ylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging assays. In addition, 5 selected varieties were also examined for their protective effects against peroxyl and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand cleavage. Finally, C2C12 murine myoblasts were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of the most potent extract in order to examine its effects on the cellular redox status by measuring the glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that, in 8 out of the 13 coffee varieties, roasting increased free radical scavenging activity as shown by DPPH and ABTS•+ assays. Moreover, we found that when one coffee variety was roasted for different amounts of time, the increase in the antioxidant activity depended on the roasting time. By contrast, in 5 varieties, roasting reduced the antioxidant activity. Similar differences between the roasted and green beans were also observed in the free radical-induced DNA strand cleavage assay. The observed differences in the antioxidant activity between the different coffee varieties may be attributed to their varying polyphenolic content and composition, as well as to the different molecules produced during roasting. In addition, in the cell culture assay, the tested coffee extract led to increased GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the enhancement of cellular antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Priftis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | | | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- Department of Dangerous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, Directorate of Environment, General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
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Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Kavvalakis MP, Barmpas M, Kokkinakis EN, Xenos K, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A in hair of Greek population. Chemosphere 2015; 118:336-341. [PMID: 25463259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as an endocrine-disruptor in which humans are exposed daily mainly by food-contact products, toys, recycled paper and drinking containers. In this study, we validated a method for the isolation and the detection of BPA in human head hair samples and estimated the burden of BPA in hair of Greek population. METHODS Hair samples were collected from 69 volunteers. The isolation of the BPA was performed by solid–liquid extraction with methanol and its determination by a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. RESULTS The limits of quantification (LOQ = 9.7 pg mg(−1)), the accuracy (92.6%), the precision (inter 15.3%, intra 13.0%), the ion suppression (<8.1%) and the recovery (88.3%) of the method were found satisfactory. Differences in the detection rates of the positive samples as well in detected levels of BPA between rural and urban population were observed. The 41.2% of the samples collected from urban population were positive whereas the positive samples from rural population were 14.8% (p = 0.025). The mean concentration of the positive samples for the urban population was 64.1 pg mg(−1) (17.7–192.8 pg mg(−1)), for the rural population 40.3 pg mg(−1) (13.1–72.8 pg mg(−1)) and for the children 37.9 pg mg(−1) (13.1–72.8 pg mg(−1)). Significant statistical differences (p = 0.021) were observed though between urban and rural population only when negative samples were replaced with LOD/2 values. CONCLUSION The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in hair for the estimation of the population burden to BPA.
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Tsakiris IN, Goumenou M, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Tsitsimpikou C, Ozcagli E, Vynias D, Tsatsakis AM. Risk assessment for children exposed to DDT residues in various milk types from the Greek market. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 75:156-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kokkinaki A, Kokkinakis M, Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Maravgakis G, Babatsikou F, Fragkiadakis GA, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAPs) in urine and hair samples of sprayers and rural residents of Crete, Greece. Environ Res 2014; 134:181-187. [PMID: 25173049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of rural residents (control group) and occupational exposed population group of sprayers to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) by measuring their non-specific dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAPs) in hair and in urine samples. All subjects (n=120) were residents of the municipality of Ierapetra, an area of intensive cultivation in Crete, Greece. METHODS The determined OPs metabolites were DMP, DEP, DETP and DEDTP. Two different approaches were used for the analysis of the collected samples; solid-liquid extraction with sonication for hair and liquid-liquid extraction for urine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed after derivatization of the isolated analytes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The detection rates of DMP, DEP and DETP for both control and sprayers groups were high in both matrices, ranging from 91% to 100%. DEDTP was detected only in 9% of sprayers hair samples, while its detection rates in urine samples ranged from 83% to 90% for both population groups. Data analysis revealed significantly higher sumDAPs levels in urine of sprayers than in the urine of control group (p<0.001) and this is justified since sampling occurred during spraying periods. SumDAPs levels in hair samples of the sprayers were also significantly higher than in the hair of control group (p<0.001), confirming the long-term exposure to OPs. SumDAPs found levels in urine and hair samples of subjects were significantly correlated (Spearman׳s rho=0.728, p<0.001). Our study confirmed the elevated levels of DAPs in hair and urine samples in occupationally exposed group of sprayers in comparison to control group, even detected levels were similar in logarithmic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kokkinaki
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Manolis Kokkinakis
- Food Quality Laboratory, Technological Education Institute of Crete, Ierapetra, Greece
| | - Matthaios P Kavvalakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George Maravgakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Fotoula Babatsikou
- Department of Public Health, Technical Education Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios A Fragkiadakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Welfare Professions, Technological Education Institute of Crete, Siteia, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
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Misailidi M, Papakonstantinou CI, Tzatzarakis MN, Kavvalakis MP, Koutedakis Y, Tsatsakis AM, Flouris AD. Design and implementation of questionnaires to assess chronic exposure to secondhand smoke in children and adults. Tob Induc Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC4101388 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-12-s1-a28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Misailidi
- FAME Laboratory, Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Christos I Papakonstantinou
- FAME Laboratory, Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Mathaios P Kavvalakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, 42100, Greece
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Tzatzarakis MN, Barbounis EG, Kavvalakis MP, Vakonaki E, Renieri E, Vardavas AI, Tsatsakis AM. Rapid method for the simultaneous determination of DDTs and PCBs in hair of children by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSSPME/GC-MS). Drug Test Anal 2014; 6 Suppl 1:85-92. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Emmanouil G. Barbounis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Matthaios P. Kavvalakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Alexander I. Vardavas
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
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Belivanis S, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Kovatsi L, Mantsi M, Alegakis A, Kavvalakis MP, Vynias D, Tsatsakis AM. Buprenorphine and nor-buprenorphine levels in head hair samples from former heroin users under Suboxone® treatment. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6 Suppl 1:93-100. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis Belivanis
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Mary Mantsi
- Greek National Organization Against Drugs; Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Matthaios P. Kavvalakis
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Dionisios Vynias
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science &Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
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Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Vynias D, Tsakalof AK, Tsatsakis AM. Development and application of GC-MS method for monitoring of long-term exposure to the pesticide cypermethrin. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6 Suppl 1:9-16. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios P. Kavvalakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete 71409 Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete 71409 Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete 71409 Greece
| | - Dionysios Vynias
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete 71409 Greece
| | | | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete 71409 Greece
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Misailidi M, Tzatzarakis MN, Kavvalakis MP, Koutedakis Y, Tsatsakis AM, Flouris AD. Instruments to assess secondhand smoke exposure in large cohorts of never smokers: the smoke scales. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85809. [PMID: 24465719 PMCID: PMC3897519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to: (i) to develop questionnaires that can identify never-smoking children and adults experiencing increased exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS+), (ii) to determine their validity against hair nicotine, and (iii) assess their reliability. A sample of 191 children (85 males; 106 females; 7–18 years) and 95 adult (23 males; 72 females; 18–62 years) never-smokers consented to hair nicotine analysis and answered a large number of questions assessing all sources of SHS. A randomly-selected 30% answered the questions again after 20–30 days. Prevalence of SHS+ in children and adults was 0.52±0.07 and 0.67±0.10, respectively (p<0.05). The Smoke Scale for Children (SS-C) and the Smoke Scale for Adults (SS-A) were developed via factor analysis and included nine questions each. Positivity criteria for SS-C and SS-A via receiver operating characteristics curve analysis were identified at >16.5 and >16, respectively. Significant Kappa agreement (p<0.05) was confirmed when comparing the SS-C and SS-A to hair nicotine concentration. Reliability analyses demonstrated that the SS-C and SS-A scores obtained on two different days are highly correlated (p<0.001) and not significantly different (p>0.05). Area under the curve and McNemar's Chi-square showed no pair-wise differences in sensitivity and specificity at the cutoff point between the two different days for SS-C and SS-A (p>0.05). We conclude that the SS-C and the SS-A represent valid, reliable, practical, and inexpensive instruments to identify children and adult never-smokers exposed to increased SHS. Future research should aim to further increase the validity of the two questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Misailidi
- FAME Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, Greece
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
- Regional Directorate of Primary and Secondary Education of Western Greece, Patras, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Iraklio, Greece
| | - Mathaios P. Kavvalakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Iraklio, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
- School of Sports, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Iraklio, Greece
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Matsunaga Y, Vardavas CI, Plada M, Wärnberg J, Gómez-Martinez S, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis AM, Díaz EL, Marcos A, Kafatos AG. The relationship between cotinine concentrations and inflammatory markers among highly secondhand smoke exposed non-smoking adolescents. Cytokine 2013; 66:17-22. [PMID: 24548420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a risk factor of respiratory, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, however its association with inflammatory markers among highly SHS exposed adolescents has not yet been explored. METHODS Participants included in this study were a subset of 68 non-smoking adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, recruited from Crete Greece. Smoking and SHS exposure was assessed via serum cotinine concentrations. Cytokines (Interleukin-1β, 2, 4, 5 and 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, tumor growth factor-β1), immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, complement factors C3, C4, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and endothelial inflammatory markers [soluble E-selectin, soluble L-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (sVCAM-1)] were assessed. Inflammatory markers in the lower 25th percentile and upper 75th percentile groups of cotinine levels were compared and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed controlling for age, sex and BMI. RESULTS Cotinine concentrations were notably elevated (geometric mean 0.82ng/ml, 95%CI 0.62-1.07) in this study population. A significant decrease in IL-4 (130.09 vs. 25.77pg/ml, p=0.014) and IL-6 (19.52 vs. 5.52pg/ml, p=0.008) concentrations between the upper 75th percentile cotinine level group and lower 25th percentile cotinine level group was observed. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, cotinine concentrations had a weak inverse association with IL-4 and IL-6 (p=0.028 and p=0.06) which was not statistically significant when adjusted for multiple comparisons (modified Bonferroni, p>0.016). No differences in the other variables was noted. CONCLUSIONS Among highly SHS exposed adolescents, cotinine levels had weak inverse association with IL-4 and IL-6, which did not achieve statistical significance. However, our results potentially indicate an immunosuppressive role of SHS. Further research is warranted to explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsunaga
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Constantine I Vardavas
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Plada
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Unit for Nutrition Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martinez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Esperanza-Ligia Díaz
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Tsakiris IN, Kokkinakis E, Dumanov JM, Tzatzarakis MN, Flouris AD, Vlachou M, Tsatsakis AM. Comparative evaluation of xenobiotics in human and dietary milk: persistent organic pollutants and mycotoxins. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2013; 59:58-66. [PMID: 24200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Publications produced over the past 20 years regarding the concentration of xenobiotics in human and dietary milk were evaluated, focusing primarily on persistent organic pollutants (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls, flame retardants), pesticides (e.g organochlorine) and mycotoxins. In general, countries of low industrialization rate present low levels of dietary milk contamination with dioxins compared to those with high rate of industrialization. According to published data, the most common persistent organic pollutants detected in breast and dietary milk are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane compounds, hexachlorocyclohexane, and hexachlorobenzene. Even though the potential risks of persistent organic pollutants in human milk have been acknowledged, the beneficial effect of breastfeeding as the optimal food source for newborn babies should not be disregarded. Especially when sharing information with the general public, it should be made clear that the presence of dioxins and persistent organic pollutants in human milk is not an indication for avoiding breastfeeding. The implications of xenobiotics in human and dietary milk is a matter of growing importance and warrants future work given its important health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Tsakiris
- Technological Education Institute (TEI) of Western Macedonia, Florina Branch Department of Agricultural Products Marketing and Quality Control Florina Greece
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Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, Theodoropoulou EP, Barbounis EG, Tsakalof AK, Tsatsakis AM. Development and application of LC–APCI–MS method for biomonitoring of animal and human exposure to imidacloprid. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2612-2620. [PMID: 24344394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a relatively new neuro-active neonicotinoid insecticide and nowadays one of the largest selling insecticides worldwide. In the present study a LC–APCI–MS based method was developed and validated for the quantification of imidacloprid and its main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6- CINA) in urine and hair specimens. The method was tested in biomonitoring of intentionally exposed animals and subsequently applied for biomonitoring of Cretan urban and rural population. The developed analytical method comprises two main steps of analytes isolation from specimen (solid– liquid extraction with methanol for hair, liquid–liquid extraction with methanol for urine) and subsequent instrumental analysis by LC–APCI–MS. The developed method was applied for the monitoring of IMI and 6-ClNA in hair and urine of laboratory animals (rabbits) intentionally fed with insecticide at low or high doses (40 and 80 mg kg(-1) weight d(-1) respectively) for 24 weeks. The analytes were detected in the regularly acquired hair and urine specimens and their found levels were proportional to the feeding dose and time of exposure with the exception of slight decline of IMI levels in high dose fed rabbits after 24 weeks of feeding. This decline can be explained by the induction of IMI metabolizing enzymes by the substrate. After testing on animal models the method was applied for pilot biomonitoring of Crete urban (n = 26) and rural (n = 32) population. Rural but not urban population is exposed to IMI with 21 positive samples (65.6%) and found median concentration 0.03 ng mg(-1). Maximum concentration detected was 27 ng mg(-1)
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Diakonis VF, Tsourdou A, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsika C, Charisis S, Naoumidi I, Plainis S, Tsilimbaris MK. Evaluation of Vitreous Clearance and Potential Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Lornoxicam (Xefo). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 29:627-32. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios F. Diakonis
- Institute of Vision and Optics (IVO), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antigoni Tsourdou
- Institute of Vision and Optics (IVO), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Chrysanthi Tsika
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Irini Naoumidi
- Institute of Vision and Optics (IVO), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sotiris Plainis
- Institute of Vision and Optics (IVO), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris
- Institute of Vision and Optics (IVO), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Vakonaki E, Morozova VS, Petrochenko SN, Polyvanaya OY, Myagkova MA, Kavvalakis M, Leda K, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis AM. Determination of antibodies to cocaine metabolites in serum of cocaine users. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tzatzarakis MN, Tsitoglou KI, Chorti MS, Poulianiti KP, Jamurtas AZ, Koutedakis Y, Flouris AD, Michalis K, Aristidis T. Acute and short term impact of active and passive tobacco and electronic cigarette smoking on inflammatory markers. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, Polychronis S, Barbounis M, Goumenou M, Alegakis A, Renieri E, Vynias D, Tsatsakis AM. Understanding the imidacloprid metabolism in long-term exposure through a comparative study of imidacloprid and its major metabolite levels in the urine and hair of intentionally exposed rabbits. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Flouris AD, Dinas PC, Tzatzarakis MN, Metsios GS, Kostikas K, Jamurtas AZ, Tsatsakis AM, Koutedakis Y. Exposure to secondhand smoke promotes sympathetic activity and cardiac muscle cachexia. Int J Environ Health Res 2013; 24:189-194. [PMID: 23802614 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.800966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent trials demonstrated that a single brief exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) generates acute adverse health effects. We evaluated the acute (immediately after exposure) and short-term (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after exposure) effects of SHS on cardiac autonomic control and myocardial integrity. Nineteen adult healthy never-smokers underwent a 1 h exposure to SHS at bar/restaurant levels and a 1 h control exposure. Heart rate variability (HRV), serum cotinine, and six cardiac protein markers were assessed before, during, and up to four hours following each exposure. SHS reduced the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and increased cotinine levels, creatine kinase (CK)-MB, and myoglobin (p < 0.05). We conclude that acute exposure to SHS suppresses HRV and augments CK-MB and myoglobin. The SHS-induced elevations in CK-MB and myoglobin may reflect a generalized lytic state, especially of the cardiac muscle, which is apparent for at least 2 h following the SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Flouris
- a FAME Laboratory , Centre for Research and Technology Thessaly , Trikala , Greece
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