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Goes JVC, Viana MDA, Sampaio LR, Cavalcante CBA, Melo MMDL, de Oliveira RTG, Borges DDP, Gonçalves PG, Pinheiro RF, Ribeiro-Junior HL. Gene expression patterns of Sirtuin family members (SIRT1 TO SIRT7): Insights into pathogenesis and prognostic of Myelodysplastic neoplasm. Gene 2024; 915:148428. [PMID: 38575099 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
To assess and validate the gene expression profile of SIRTs (SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7) in relation to the pathogenesis and prognostic progression of Myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS). Eighty bone marrow samples of patients with de novo MDS were diagnosed according to WHO 2022 and IPSS-R criteria. Ten bone marrow samples were obtained from elderly healthy volunteers and used as control samples. Gene expression levels of all SIRTs were assessed using RT-qPCR assays. Downregulation of SIRT2 (p = 0.009), SIRT3 (p = 0.048), SIRT4 (p = 0.049), SIRT5 (p = 0.046), SIRT6 (p = 0.043), and SIRT7 (p = 0.047) was identified in MDS patients compared to control individuals. Also, we identified that while SIRT2-7 genes are typically down-regulated in MDS patients compared to normal controls, there are relative expression variations among MDS patient subgroups. Specifically, SIRT4 (p = 0.029) showed increased expression in patients aged 60 or above, and both SIRT2 (p = 0.016) and SIRT3 (p = 0.036) were upregulated in patients with hemoglobin levels below 8 g/dL. SIRT2 (p = 0.045) and SIRT3 (p = 0.033) were highly expressed in patients with chromosomal abnormalities. Different SIRTs exhibited altered expression patterns concerning specific MDS clinical and prognostic characteristics. The downregulation in SIRTs genes (e.g., SIRT2 to SIRT7) expression in Brazilian MDS patients highlights their role in the disease's development. The upregulation of SIRT2 and SIRT3 in severe anemia patients suggests a potential link to manage iron overload-related complications in transfusion-dependent patients. Moreover, the association of SIRT2/SIRT3 with genomic instability and their role in MDS progression signify promising areas for future research and therapeutic targets. These findings underscore the importance of SIRT family in understanding and addressing MDS, offering novel clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic insights for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Caetano Goes
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Aguiar Viana
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Rodrigues Sampaio
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | | | - Mayara Magna de Lima Melo
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | - Paola Gyuliane Gonçalves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
| | - Howard Lopes Ribeiro-Junior
- Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
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Sampaio LR, Viana MDA, de Oliveira VS, Ferreira BV, Melo MML, de Oliveira RTG, Borges DDP, Magalhãesa SMM, Pinheiro RF. High PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable clinical features in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024; 46:146-152. [PMID: 37543491 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system response that allow self-tolerance. Molecules such as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and its Ligand (PD-L1) participate in the immune checkpoint by signaling co-inhibition of lymphocyte responses. In cancers, PD-L1 expression is associated with the immune evasion mechanism, which favors tumor growth. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs is already well described in solid tumors, but still not fully understood in hematologic malignancies. Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) are heterogeneous bone marrow disorders with an increased risk of progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The MDS affects hematopoietic stem cells and its pathogenesis is linked to genetic and epigenetic defects, in addition to immune dysregulation. The influence of the PD-L1 on the MDS remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 in 53 patients with MDS, classified according to the WHO 2016 Classification. RESULTS Patients with dyserythropoiesis presented significantly higher PD-L1 expression than patients without dyserythropoiesis (p= 0.050). Patients classified as having MDS with an excess of blasts 2 (MDS-EB2) presented a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 compared to the MDS with an excess of blasts 1 (MDS-EB1) (p= 0.050). Furthermore, we detected three patients with very high levels of PD-L1 expression, being statistically classified as outliers. CONCLUSION We suggested that the high expression of the PD-L1 is associated with a worse prognosis in the MDS and functional studies are necessary to evaluate the possible use of anti-PD-L1 therapies for high-risk MDS, such as the MDS-EBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodrigues Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Aguiar Viana
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vitoriano Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayara Magna Lima Melo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhãesa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronald F Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Moura AA, Bezerra MJB, Martins AMA, Borges DP, Oliveira RTG, Oliveira RM, Farias KM, Viana AG, Carvalho GGC, Paier CRK, Sousa MV, Fontes W, Ricart CAO, Moraes MEA, Magalhães SMM, Furtado CLM, Moraes-Filho MO, Pessoa C, Pinheiro RF. Global Proteomics Analysis of Bone Marrow: Establishing Talin-1 and Centrosomal Protein of 55 kDa as Potential Molecular Signatures for Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833068. [PMID: 35814389 PMCID: PMC9257025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a hematological disorder characterized by abnormal stem cell differentiation and a high risk of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Treatment options for MDS are still limited, making the identification of molecular signatures for MDS progression a vital task. Thus, we evaluated the proteome of bone marrow plasma from patients (n = 28) diagnosed with MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) and MDS with blasts in the bone marrow (MDS-EB) using label-free mass spectrometry. This strategy allowed the identification of 1,194 proteins in the bone marrow plasma samples. Polyubiquitin-C (UBC), moesin (MSN), and Talin-1 (TLN1) showed the highest abundances in MDS-EB, and centrosomal protein of 55 kDa (CEP55) showed the highest relative abundance in the bone marrow plasma of MDS-RS patients. In a follow-up, in the second phase of the study, expressions of UBC, MSN, TLN1, and CEP55 genes were evaluated in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 45 patients by using qPCR. This second cohort included only seven patients from the first study. CEP55, MSN, and UBC expressions were similar in mononuclear cells from MDS-RS and MDS-EB individuals. However, TLN1 gene expression was greater in mononuclear cells from MDS-RS (p = 0.049) as compared to MDS-EB patients. Irrespective of the MDS subtype, CEP55 expression was higher (p = 0.045) in MDS patients with abnormal karyotypes, while MSN, UBC, and TALIN1 transcripts were similar in MDS with normal vs. abnormal karyotypes. In conclusion, proteomic and gene expression approaches brought evidence of altered TLN1 and CEP55 expressions in cellular and non-cellular bone marrow compartments of patients with low-risk (MDS-RS) and high-risk (MDS-EB) MDSs and with normal vs. abnormal karyotypes. As MDS is characterized by disrupted apoptosis and chromosomal alterations, leading to mitotic slippage, TLN1 and CEP55 represent potential markers for MDS prognosis and/or targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlindo A. Moura
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (Renorbio), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Arlindo A. Moura, ; Claudia Pessoa, ; Ronald F. Pinheiro,
| | - Maria Julia B. Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aline M. A. Martins
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Daniela P. Borges
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Roberta T. G. Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raphaela M. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Kaio M. Farias
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (Renorbio), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Arabela G. Viana
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G. C. Carvalho
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. K. Paier
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V. Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. O. Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete A. Moraes
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Silvia M. M. Magalhães
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristiana L. M. Furtado
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Experimental Biology Center, NUBEX, The University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel O. Moraes-Filho
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (Renorbio), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Arlindo A. Moura, ; Claudia Pessoa, ; Ronald F. Pinheiro,
| | - Ronald F. Pinheiro
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, The School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Arlindo A. Moura, ; Claudia Pessoa, ; Ronald F. Pinheiro,
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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Edwards DM, Mitchell DK, Abdul-Sater Z, Chan KK, Sun Z, Sheth A, He Y, Jiang L, Yuan J, Sharma R, Czader M, Chin PJ, Liu Y, de Cárcer G, Nalepa G, Broxmeyer HE, Clapp DW, Sierra Potchanant EA. Mitotic Errors Promote Genomic Instability and Leukemia in a Novel Mouse Model of Fanconi Anemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752933. [PMID: 34804941 PMCID: PMC8602820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disease of genomic instability and cancer. In addition to DNA damage repair, FA pathway proteins are now known to be critical for maintaining faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. While impaired DNA damage repair has been studied extensively in FA-associated carcinogenesis in vivo, the oncogenic contribution of mitotic abnormalities secondary to FA pathway deficiency remains incompletely understood. To examine the role of mitotic dysregulation in FA pathway deficient malignancies, we genetically exacerbated the baseline mitotic defect in Fancc-/- mice by introducing heterozygosity of the key spindle assembly checkpoint regulator Mad2. Fancc-/-;Mad2+/- mice were viable, but died from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thus recapitulating the high risk of myeloid malignancies in FA patients better than Fancc-/-mice. We utilized hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to propagate Fancc-/-; Mad2+/- AML in irradiated healthy mice to model FANCC-deficient AMLs arising in the non-FA population. Compared to cells from Fancc-/- mice, those from Fancc-/-;Mad2+/- mice demonstrated an increase in mitotic errors but equivalent DNA cross-linker hypersensitivity, indicating that the cancer phenotype of Fancc-/-;Mad2+/- mice results from error-prone cell division and not exacerbation of the DNA damage repair defect. We found that FANCC enhances targeting of endogenous MAD2 to prometaphase kinetochores, suggesting a mechanism for how FANCC-dependent regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint prevents chromosome mis-segregation. Whole-exome sequencing revealed similarities between human FA-associated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/AML and the AML that developed in Fancc-/-; Mad2+/- mice. Together, these data illuminate the role of mitotic dysregulation in FA-pathway deficient malignancies in vivo, show how FANCC adjusts the spindle assembly checkpoint rheostat by regulating MAD2 kinetochore targeting in cell cycle-dependent manner, and establish two new mouse models for preclinical studies of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Dana K Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zahi Abdul-Sater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ka-Kui Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zejin Sun
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aditya Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ying He
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Li Jiang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jin Yuan
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richa Sharma
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Pei-Ju Chin
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Sierra Potchanant
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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6
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de Oliveira RTG, Cordeiro JVA, Vitoriano BF, de Lima Melo MM, Sampaio LR, de Paula Borges D, Magalhães SMM, Pinheiro RF. ERVs-TLR3-IRF axis is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis. Med Oncol 2021; 38:27. [PMID: 33594613 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are mutated or overexpressed in up to 50% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) trigger TLR3 leading to interferon regulatory genes (IRFs) activation. We evaluated if the ERVs-TLR3-IRF axis activation would be linked to MDS pathogenesis and we also conducted a detailed cancer analysis of the ERVs, TLR3 and IRFs gene expression in 30 cancer types using GEPIA database. Seventy-nine bone marrow samples from patients with MDS were evaluated for cytogenetics and quantitative real‑time PCR of TLR3, ERVK6, ERVW-1, ERV3-1, IRF3 and IRF7. Patients with dyserythropoiesis showed higher TLR3 (p = 0.035), ERVK6 (p = 0.001), ERVW1 (p = 0.045) and ERV3-1 (p = 0.016) expression than patients without dyserythropoiesis. Upregulation of Interferon Regulatory Factors, IRF3 and IRF7, was associated with poor prognostic markers in MDS such as > 10% of blasts (p = 0.003-IRF3; p = 0.009-IRF7), low platelets count (< 50.000/mm3) (p = 0.001-IRF3; p = 0.021-IRF7), transfusion dependence (p = 0.014-IRF3) and chromosomal abnormalities (p = 0.036-IRF7). We found strong correlations between ERVK6-ERVW1 (r = 0.800; r2 = 0.640; p = 0.000), ERVW1-ERV3-1 (r = 0.715; r2 = 0.511; p = 0.000), and IRF7-IRF3 (r = 0.567; r2 = 0.321; p = 0.000) and moderate correlation between ERVK6-ERV3-1(r = 0.485; r2 = 0.235; p = 0.000), ERVW1-IRF7 (r = 0.389; r2 = 0.151; p = 0.001), ERVW1-IRF3 (r = 0.357; r2 = 0.127; p = 0.004), ERV3-1-IRF7 (r = 0.314; r2 = 0.098; p = 0.009), and ERV3-1-IRF3 (r = 0.324; r2 = 0.104; p = 0.007). Using GEPIA Database in 30 cancer types, we detected a typical pattern of upregulation as here presented in MDS. We suggest TLR3 activation by ERVs is linked to MDS pathogenesis leading to bone marrow failure. Abnormal double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) expression of Endogenous Retroviruses (ERV) triggers TLR3 hyperactivation. This induces IRF3, IRF7, and NF-kB to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription of IFNα/β which binds to the type I-IFN receptor promoting interferon response. Thus, just as TLR4 induces a crucial myeloid shift, the ERVs-TLR3 axis may play an important role in establishing one of the most striking characteristics in MDS, dyserythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João Victor Alves Cordeiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferreira Vitoriano
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mayara Magna de Lima Melo
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues Sampaio
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhães
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Clinical Medicine Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Clinical Medicine Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Post-Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, 1000 Coronel Nunes de Melo St. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil.
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7
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Hypoplastic Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Just an Overlap Syndrome? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010132. [PMID: 33401595 PMCID: PMC7795441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes (hMDS) represent a diagnostic conundrum. They share morphologic and clinical features of both MDS (dysplasia, genetic lesions and cytopenias) and aplastic anemia (AA; i.e., hypocellularity and autoimmunity) and are not comprised in the last WHO classification. In this review we recapitulate the main clinical, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of hypo-MDS and discuss why they deserve to be distinguished from normo/hypercellular MDS and AA. We conclude that hMDS may present in two phenotypes: one more proinflammatory and autoimmune, more similar to AA, responding to immunosuppression; and one MDS-like dominated by genetic lesions, suppression of immune surveillance, and tumor escape, more prone to leukemic evolution. Abstract Myelodysplasias with hypocellular bone marrow (hMDS) represent about 10–15% of MDS and are defined by reduced bone marrow cellularity (i.e., <25% or an inappropriately reduced cellularity for their age in young patients). Their diagnosis is still an object of debate and has not been clearly established in the recent WHO classification. Clinical and morphological overlaps with both normo/hypercellular MDS and aplastic anemia include cytopenias, the presence of marrow hypocellularity and dysplasia, and cytogenetic and molecular alterations. Activation of the immune system against the hematopoietic precursors, typical of aplastic anemia, is reckoned even in hMDS and may account for the response to immunosuppressive treatment. Finally, the hMDS outcome seems more favorable than that of normo/hypercellular MDS patients. In this review, we analyze the available literature on hMDS, focusing on clinical, immunological, and molecular features. We show that hMDS pathogenesis and clinical presentation are peculiar, albeit in-between aplastic anemia (AA) and normo/hypercellular MDS. Two different hMDS phenotypes may be encountered: one featured by inflammation and immune activation, with increased cytotoxic T cells, increased T and B regulatory cells, and better response to immunosuppression; and the other, resembling MDS, where T and B regulatory/suppressor cells prevail, leading to genetic clonal selection and an increased risk of leukemic evolution. The identification of the prevailing hMDS phenotype might assist treatment choice, inform prognosis, and suggest personalized monitoring.
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8
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Targeting aurora kinases as a potential prognostic and therapeutical biomarkers in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21272. [PMID: 33277547 PMCID: PMC7718893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases (AURKA and AURKB) are mitotic kinases with an important role in the regulation of several mitotic events, and in hematological malignancies, AURKA and AURKB hyperexpression are found in patients with cytogenetic abnormalities presenting a unfavorable prognosis. The aim of this study was evaluated the mRNA expression profile of pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) patients and the efficacy of two AURKA and AURKB designed inhibitors (GW809897X and GW806742X) in a leukemia cell line as a potential novel therapy for ALL patients. Cellular experiments demonstrated that both inhibitors induced cell death with caspase activation and cell cycle arrest, however only the GW806742X inhibitor decreased with more efficacy AURKA and AURKB expression in K-562 leukemia cells. In ALL patients both AURKA and AURKB showed a significant overexpression, when compared to health controls. Moreover, AURKB expression level was significant higher than AURKA in patients, and predicted a poorer prognosis with significantly lower survival rates. No differences were found in AURKA and AURKB expression between gene fusions, immunophenotypic groups, white blood cells count, gender or age. In summary, the results in this study indicates that the AURKA and AURKB overexpression are important findings in pediatric ALL, and designed inhibitor, GW806742X tested in vitro were able to effectively inhibit the gene expression of both aurora kinases and induce apoptosis in K-562 cells, however our data clearly shown that AURKB proves to be a singular finding and potential prognostic biomarker that may be used as a promising therapeutic target to those patients.
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9
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Cavalcante GM, Borges DP, de Oliveira RTG, Furtado CLM, Alves APNN, Sousa AM, de Paula DS, Filho FDR, Magalhães SMM, Ribeiro-Jr HL, Pinheiro RF. Tissue methylation and demethylation influence translesion synthesis DNA polymerases (TLS) contributing to the genesis of chromosomal abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Pathol 2020; 75:85-93. [PMID: 33234697 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS DNA methylation has its distribution influenced by DNA demethylation processes with the catalytic conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been associated with epigenetic dysregulation of genes related to DNA repair system, chronic immune response and cell cycle. METHODS We evaluated the tissue DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in bone marrow trephine biopsies of 73 patients with MDS, trying to correlate with the mRNA expression of 21 genes (POLH, POLL, REV3L, POLN, POLQ, POLI, POLK, IRF-1, IRF-2, IRF-3, IRF-4, IRF-5, IRF6, IRF-7, IRF-8,IRF-9, MAD2, CDC20, AURKA, AURKB and TPX2). RESULTS The M-score (5mC) was significantly higher in patients with chromosomal abnormalities than patients with normal karyotype (95% CI -27.127779 to -2.368020; p=0.022). We observed a higher 5mC/5hmC ratio in patients classified as high-risk subtypes compared with low-risk subtypes (95% CI -72.922115 to -1.855662; p=0.040) as well as patients with hypercellular bone marrow compared with patients with normocellular/hypocellular bone marrow (95% CI -69.189259 to -0.511828; p=0.047) and with the presence of dyserythropoiesis (95% CI 17.077703 to 51.331388; p=0.001). DNA pols with translesion activity are significantly influenced by methylation. As 5mC immunoexpression increases, the expressions of POLH (r=-0.816; r2 =0.665; p=0.000), POLQ (r=-0.790; r2=0.624; p=0.001), PCNA (r=-0.635; r2=0.403; p=0.020), POLK (r=-0.633; r2=0.400; p=0.036 and REV1 (r=-0.578; r2=0.334; p=0.049) decrease. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that there is an imbalance in the DNA methylation in MDS, influencing the development of chromosomal abnormalities which may be associated with the low expression of DNA polymerases with translesion synthesis polymerases activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Melo Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Daniela Paula Borges
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Postgraduate Program in Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Alceu Machado Sousa
- Department of Odontology Clinic, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhães
- Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Howard Lopes Ribeiro-Jr
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil .,Cancer Cytogenomic Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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10
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Zhao Q, Wang H, Du Y, Rogers HJ, Wu Z, Jia S, Yao X, Xie F, Liu W. MSH2 and MSH6 in Mismatch Repair System Account for Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Tolerance to Cadmium Toxicity by Determining DNA Damage Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1974-1985. [PMID: 31971785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes regulating cadmium tolerance in two soybean cultivars. Cultivars Liaodou 10 (LD10, Cd-sensitive) and Shennong 20 (SN20, Cd-tolerant) seedlings were grown hydroponically on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0-2.5 mg·L-1 Cd for 4 days. Cd stress induced less random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) polymorphism in LD10 than in SN20 roots, causing G1/S arrest in LD10 and G2/M arrest in SN20 roots. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of MLH1 in LD10-TRV-MLH1 plantlets showed markedly diminished G1/S arrest but enhanced root length/area under Cd stress. However, an increase in G1/S arrest and reduction of G2/M arrest occurred in SN20-TRV-MSH2 and SN20-TRV-MSH6 plantlets with decreased root length/area under Cd stress. Taken together, we conclude that the low expression of MSH2 and MSH6, involved in the G2/M arrest, results in Cd-induced DNA damage recognition bypassing the MMR system to activate G1/S arrest with the assistance of MLH1. This then leads to repressed root growth in LD10, explaining the intervarietal difference in Cd tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Agricultural College , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , PR China
| | - Hetong Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering , Shenyang University , Shenyang 110044 , PR China
| | - Yanli Du
- Agricultural College , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , PR China
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- Cardiff University , School of Biosciences , Cardiff CF10 3TL , U.K
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Agricultural College , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , PR China
| | - Sen Jia
- Agricultural College , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , PR China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Agricultural College , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , PR China
| | - Futi Xie
- Agricultural College , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , PR China
| | - Wan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering , Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , PR China
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11
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Molecular pathophysiology of the myelodysplastic syndromes: insights for targeted therapy. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2787-2797. [PMID: 30352953 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018015834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical heterogeneity of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) relates to the recently discerned panoply of molecular abnormalities extant within this disease spectrum. Despite increasing recognition of these biologic abnormalities, very limited therapeutic options exist to exploit our increasing understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of MDS, with only 1 therapy (lenalidomide) particularly focused on a specific clinical patient subset (del(5q) cytogenetics) and 2 epigenetic modulators (azacitidine and decitabine) having been approved for treating these patients. This article will review the mutational and biologic landscape of these disorders, as well as the targeted therapeutics currently in clinical trials that are focused on attacking these features. Given the molecular complexity of these disorders and the limited repertoire of effective therapeutic agents, we will also discuss novel approaches attempting to determine potentially effective and personalized treatment options through complementary chemosensitivity and computerized signaling network screening for these disparate MDS patient subsets. Translational use of such resources, combined with the rapidly evolving next-generation molecular technologies, should prove useful in effectuating improved and more selective options for therapy.
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12
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van Gijn SE, Wierenga E, van den Tempel N, Kok YP, Heijink AM, Spierings DCJ, Foijer F, van Vugt MATM, Fehrmann RSN. TPX2/Aurora kinase A signaling as a potential therapeutic target in genomically unstable cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:852-867. [PMID: 30177840 PMCID: PMC6367211 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark feature of cancer cells, and can be caused by defective DNA repair, for instance due to inactivation of BRCA2. Paradoxically, loss of Brca2 in mice results in embryonic lethality, whereas cancer cells can tolerate BRCA2 loss. This holds true for multiple DNA repair genes, and suggests that cancer cells are molecularly "rewired" to cope with defective DNA repair and the resulting high levels of genomic instability. In this study, we aim to identify genes that genomically unstable cancer cells rely on for their survival. Using functional genomic mRNA (FGmRNA) profiling, 16,172 cancer samples were previously ranked based on their degree of genomic instability. We analyzed the top 250 genes that showed a positive correlation between FGmRNA levels and the degree of genomic instability, in a co-functionality network. Within this co-functionality network, a strong cluster of 11 cell cycle-related genes was identified, including TPX2. We then assessed the dependency on these 11 genes in the context of survival of genomically unstable cancer cells, induced by BRCA2 inactivation. Depletion of TPX2 or its associated kinase Aurora-A preferentially reduced cell viability in a panel of BRCA2-deficient cancer cells. In line with these findings, BRCA2-depleted and BRCA2-mutant human cell lines, or tumor cell lines derived from Brca2-/-;p53-/- mice showed increased sensitivity to the Aurora-A kinase inhibitor alisertib, with delayed mitotic progression and frequent mitotic failure. Our findings reveal that BRCA2-deficient cancer cells show enhanced sensitivity to inactivation of TPX2 or its partner Aurora-A, which points at an actionable dependency of genomically unstable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E van Gijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Wierenga
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van den Tempel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick P Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Margriet Heijink
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Simonetti G, Bruno S, Padella A, Tenti E, Martinelli G. Aneuploidy: Cancer strength or vulnerability? Int J Cancer 2018; 144:8-25. [PMID: 29981145 PMCID: PMC6587540 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a very rare and tissue‐specific event in normal conditions, occurring in a low number of brain and liver cells. Its frequency increases in age‐related disorders and is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Aneuploidy has been associated with defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the relationship between chromosome number alterations, SAC genes and tumor susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of SAC gene alterations at genomic and transcriptional level across human cancers and discuss the oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of aneuploidy. SAC genes are rarely mutated but frequently overexpressed, with a negative prognostic impact on different tumor types. Both increased and decreased SAC gene expression show oncogenic potential in mice. SAC gene upregulation may drive aneuploidization and tumorigenesis through mitotic delay, coupled with additional oncogenic functions outside mitosis. The genomic background and environmental conditions influence the fate of aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy reduces cellular fitness. It induces growth and contact inhibition, mitotic and proteotoxic stress, cell senescence and production of reactive oxygen species. However, aneuploidy confers an evolutionary flexibility by favoring genome and chromosome instability (CIN), cellular adaptation, stem cell‐like properties and immune escape. These properties represent the driving force of aneuploid cancers, especially under conditions of stress and pharmacological pressure, and are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, promising results have been obtained from synthetic lethal combinations exploiting CIN, mitotic defects, and aneuploidy‐tolerating mechanisms as cancer vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Simonetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Tenti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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