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Zaidi SDEZ, Fatima Zaidi SM, Rangwala BS. Letter to Editor: Treatment with the apoptosis inhibitor asunercept reduces clone sizes in patients with lower risk myelodysplastic neoplasms. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2163-2164. [PMID: 38652243 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
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Streuer A, Jann JC, Boch T, Mossner M, Riabov V, Schmitt N, Altrock E, Xu Q, Demmerle M, Nowak V, Oblaender J, Palme I, Weimer N, Rapp F, Metzgeroth G, Hecht A, Höger T, Merz C, Hofmann WK, Nolte F, Nowak D. Treatment with the apoptosis inhibitor Asunercept reduces clone sizes in patients with lower risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1221-1233. [PMID: 38413410 PMCID: PMC10940491 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In low-risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS), increased activity of apoptosis-promoting factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and pro-apoptotic Fas ligand (CD95L) have been described as possible pathomechanisms leading to impaired erythropoiesis. Asunercept (APG101) is a novel therapeutic fusion protein blocking CD95, which has previously shown partial efficacy in reducing transfusion requirement in a clinical phase I trial for low-risk MDS patients (NCT01736436; 2012-11-26). In the current study we aimed to evaluate the effect of Asunercept therapy on the clonal bone marrow composition to identify potential biomarkers to predict response. Bone marrow samples of n = 12 low-risk MDS patients from the above referenced clinical trial were analyzed by serial deep whole exome sequencing in a total of n = 58 time points. We could distinguish a mean of 3.5 molecularly defined subclones per patient (range 2-6). We observed a molecular response defined as reductions of dominant clone sizes by a variant allele frequency (VAF) decrease of at least 10% (mean 20%, range: 10.5-39.2%) in dependency of Asunercept treatment in 9 of 12 (75%) patients. Most of this decline in clonal populations was observed after completion of 12 weeks treatment. Particularly early and pronounced reductions of clone sizes were found in subclones driven by mutations in genes involved in regulation of methylation (n = 1 DNMT3A, n = 1 IDH2, n = 1 TET2). Our results suggest that APG101 could be efficacious in reducing clone sizes of mutated hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Streuer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nanni Schmitt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Altrock
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Qingyu Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marie Demmerle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Oblaender
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Palme
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Weimer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georgia Metzgeroth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
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Zhang Y, Jin T, Dou Z, Wei B, Zhang B, Sun C. The dual role of the CD95 and CD95L signaling pathway in glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029737. [PMID: 36505426 PMCID: PMC9730406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of CD95, a cell surface death receptor, to its homologous ligand CD95L, transduces a cascade of downstream signals leading to apoptosis crucial for immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Although CD95 and CD95L binding classically induces programmed cell death, most tumor cells show resistance to CD95L-induced apoptosis. In some cancers, such as glioblastoma, CD95-CD95L binding can exhibit paradoxical functions that promote tumor growth by inducing inflammation, regulating immune cell homeostasis, and/or promoting cell survival, proliferation, migration, and maintenance of the stemness of cancer cells. In this review, potential mechanisms such as the expression of apoptotic inhibitor proteins, decreased activity of downstream elements, production of nonapoptotic soluble CD95L, and non-apoptotic signals that replace apoptotic signals in cancer cells are summarized. CD95L is also expressed by other types of cells, such as endothelial cells, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated microglia, and macrophages, which are educated by the tumor microenvironment and can induce apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which recognize and kill cancer cells. The dual role of the CD95-CD95L system makes targeted therapy strategies against CD95 or CD95L in glioblastoma difficult and controversial. In this review, we also discuss the current status and perspective of clinical trials on glioblastoma based on the CD95-CD95L signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taian Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Buyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
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Risso V, Lafont E, Le Gallo M. Therapeutic approaches targeting CD95L/CD95 signaling in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35301281 PMCID: PMC8931059 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. As a consequence, alterations in the CD95/CD95L pathway have been involved in several disease conditions ranging from autoimmune diseases to inflammation and cancer. CD95L-induced cell death has multiple roles in the immune response since it constitutes one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets, but it is also involved in the process of turning off the immune response. Furthermore, beyond the canonical pro-death signals, CD95L, which can be membrane-bound or soluble, also induces non-apoptotic signaling that contributes to its tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory roles. The intent of this review is to describe the role of CD95/CD95L in the pathophysiology of cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation and to discuss recently patented and emerging therapeutic strategies that exploit/block the CD95/CD95L system in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Risso
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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Richards DM, Merz C, Gieffers C, Krendyukov A. CD95L and Anti-Tumor Immune Response: Current Understanding and New Evidence. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2477-2482. [PMID: 33758545 PMCID: PMC7981134 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s297499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of FasL/CD95L to induce apoptosis in various Fas/CD95-expressing cells has been described in the context of hematopoiesis or thymic elimination of self-reactive T cells and resolution of an acute immune response under physiological conditions. At the same time, non-apoptotic CD95 activation is widely described in cancer and shown to stimulate invasiveness of cancer cells, promote cancer progression as well as stemness of cancer cells. This paper puts emphasis on the evolving understanding of expression and the non-apoptotic activities of the CD95/CD95L signaling pathway on the function of tumor cells, tumor microenvironment and immune cells. The emerging evidence to support the role of CD95/CD95L signaling in the anti-tumor immune response will be presented in the context of various malignancies and the modalities of potential therapeutic interventions via selective CD95L inhibition in combination with traditional interventions such as RT, chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Radujkovic A, Boch T, Nolte F, Nowak D, Kunz C, Gieffers A, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Hofmann WK, Luft T. Clinical Response to the CD95-Ligand Inhibitor Asunercept Is Defined by a Pro-Inflammatory Serum Cytokine Profile. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123683. [PMID: 33302451 PMCID: PMC7764464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Asunercept showed promising clinical efficacy in anemic, transfusion-dependent patients with low and intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndrome. In this retrospective post hoc analysis, serum levels of biomarkers were measured in study patients focusing on cytokines associated with erythropoiesis, inflammation, apoptosis, bone marrow fibrosis, and inflammasome activity. Baseline serum biomarkers were correlated with treatment response in order to propose a hypothetical responder serum profile. Response to asunercept was associated with improved overall survival. Higher baseline values of interleukin-18 (IL-18), S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and soluble p53 were predictive of non-response to asunercept. Non-responding patients showed a distinct, pro-inflammatory serum cytokine profile which was persistent throughout the first half of the treatment phase and appeared unaffected by asunercept. Our post hoc analysis suggests that serum cytokine profiling based on IL-18, S100A9 and soluble p53 may represent an approach to identify and select low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients most likely to benefit from asunercept treatment. Abstract Asunercept (APG101) is a well-tolerated CD95-ligand inhibitor that showed promising efficacy in a prospective, single-arm phase I study in anemic, transfusion-dependent patients with low and intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this retrospective post hoc analysis, serum levels of biomarkers were measured in study patients focusing on cytokines associated with erythropoiesis, inflammation, apoptosis, bone marrow fibrosis, and inflammasome activity. Baseline serum biomarkers were correlated with treatment response, in order to propose a hypothetical responder serum profile. After an updated median follow-up of 54 months (range 7–65), response to asunercept was associated with improved overall survival (at 3-years: 67% [95%CI 36–97] versus 13% [95%CI 0–36] in responders versus non-responders, respectively). Higher baseline values of interleukin-18 (IL-18), S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and soluble p53 were predictive of non-response to asunercept (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.79–0.82). Furthermore, non-responding patients showed a distinct, pro-inflammatory serum cytokine profile which was persistent throughout the first half of the treatment phase and appeared unaffected by asunercept. Although prospective validation is required, our post hoc analysis suggests that serum cytokine profiling based on IL-18, S100A9 and soluble p53 may represent an approach to identify and select low-risk MDS patients most likely to benefit from asunercept treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radujkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.-T.); (P.D.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tobias Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.B.); (F.N.); (D.N.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.B.); (F.N.); (D.N.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.B.); (F.N.); (D.N.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Claudia Kunz
- Apogenix AG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.K.); (A.G.)
| | | | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.-T.); (P.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.-T.); (P.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.B.); (F.N.); (D.N.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.M.-T.); (P.D.); (T.L.)
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Fernandez-Fernandez B, D’Marco L, Górriz JL, Jacobs-Cachá C, Kanbay M, Luis-Lima S, Porrini E, Sarafidis P, Soler MJ, Ortiz A. Exploring Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for Organ Protection in COVID-19. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2030. [PMID: 32605278 PMCID: PMC7409231 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital admissions and mortality from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are spreading throughout the world, and second and third waves are thought to be likely. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 include diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is no vaccine and no approved therapy. Therapeutic approaches are aimed at preventing viral replication and spread, limiting the impact of the inflammatory overdrive (cytokine storm), preventing thromboembolic complications and replacing or supporting organ function. However, despite organ support, mortality is currently 65% for those receiving advanced respiratory support and 78% for those requiring renal replacement therapies. Thus, efforts should be made to provide adjuvant organ protection therapy. This may imply novel therapies in clinical development (e.g., the Fas ligand trap asunercept), but uptake of repurposed drugs already in clinical use may be faster. In this regard, sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were recently shown to protect the heart and kidney both within and outside of a diabetic milieu context. Further, preclinical data support a beneficial effect for the lung. We now discuss the potential benefits and risks of SGLT2 inhibitors in COVID-19 and an ongoing clinical trial testing the impact of dapagliflozin on outcomes in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.F.-F.); (S.L.-L.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (E.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.D.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Jose Luis Górriz
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.D.); (J.L.G.)
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Conxita Jacobs-Cachá
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (E.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 43010 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Sergio Luis-Lima
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.F.-F.); (S.L.-L.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (E.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (E.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, University of La Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - María José Soler
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (E.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.F.-F.); (S.L.-L.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (E.P.); (M.J.S.)
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Levoin N, Jean M, Legembre P. CD95 Structure, Aggregation and Cell Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:314. [PMID: 32432115 PMCID: PMC7214685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD95 is a pre-ligand-associated transmembrane (TM) receptor. The interaction with its ligand CD95L brings to a next level its aggregation and triggers different signaling pathways, leading to cell motility, differentiation or cell death. This diversity of biological responses associated with a unique receptor devoid of enzymatic property raises the question of whether different ligands exist, or whether the fine-tuned control of CD95 aggregation and conformation, its distribution within certain plasma membrane sub-domains or the pattern of post-translational modifications account for this such broad-range of cell signaling. Herein, we review how the different domains of CD95 and their post-translational modifications or the different forms of CD95L can participate in the receptor aggregation and induction of cell signaling. Understanding how CD95 response goes from cell death to cell proliferation, differentiation and motility is a prerequisite to reveal novel therapeutic options to treat chronic inflammatory disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Jean
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
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Lafont E. Stress Management: Death Receptor Signalling and Cross-Talks with the Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1113. [PMID: 32365592 PMCID: PMC7281445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout tumour progression, tumour cells are exposed to various intense cellular stress conditions owing to intrinsic and extrinsic cues, to which some cells are remarkably able to adapt. Death Receptor (DR) signalling and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) are two stress responses that both regulate a plethora of outcomes, ranging from proliferation, differentiation, migration, cytokine production to the induction of cell death. Both signallings are major modulators of physiological tissue homeostasis and their dysregulation is involved in tumorigenesis and the metastastic process. The molecular determinants of the control between the different cellular outcomes induced by DR signalling and the UPR in tumour cells and their stroma and their consequences on tumorigenesis are starting to be unravelled. Herein, I summarize the main steps of DR signalling in relation to its cellular and pathophysiological roles in cancer. I then highlight how the UPR and DR signalling control common cellular outcomes and also cross-talk, providing potential opportunities to further understand the development of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France;
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
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Krendyukov A, Gieffers C. Asunercept as an innovative therapeutic approach for recurrent glioblastoma and other malignancies. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8095-8100. [PMID: 31564969 PMCID: PMC6730539 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s216675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the existing high unmet medical needs, the past few decades have seen no notable improvement in overall survival for glioblastoma patients. One active area of research to develop new therapeutic options for this disease is focusing on the CD95/Fas receptor and its ligand CD95L/FasL. It is now recognized that in addition to its role in programmed cell death, CD95/CD95L signaling is involved in a wide range of other apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways directed toward T-effector cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment involved in tumor progression and invasiveness. Asunercept is a first-in-class recombinant glycosylated fusion protein, which has been designed to selectively bind to CD95L and therefore disrupt CD95/CD95L signaling. The current report provides a brief overview of the role of the CD95/CD95L signaling pathway in cancer pathogenesis and discusses how asunercept was designed to bind and neutralize CD95L and disrupt signaling thereby potentially improving outcomes in glioblastoma and other malignancies.
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Germing U, Schroeder T, Kaivers J, Kündgen A, Kobbe G, Gattermann N. Novel therapies in low- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:893-908. [PMID: 31353975 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1647778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms with diverse clinical courses. The revised version of the international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R) provides risk stratification into 5 different groups. Areas covered: For lower-risk patients, red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation are the backbone of supportive care. In addition, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are used to ameliorate anemia. Lenalidomide is approved for the treatment of lower-risk patients with del(5q) who are transfusion-dependent. Patients with higher-risk disease should be offered allogeneic stem cell transplantation whenever possible. If they are unfit for transplantation or an appropriate donor cannot be found, hypomethylating agents may be used. Expert opinion: New therapeutic options for lower-risk patients include thrombopoietin analogues, the TGF-beta family ligand trapping drug Luspatercept, and the telomerase inhibitor Imetelstat. Combinations of hypomethylating agents (HMA) with other compounds, and inhibitors of bcl2, such as venetoclax are being developed for higher-risk patients. Finally, hypomethylating agents in combination with donor lymphocytes may lead to long-term remission following molecular or hematological relapse after allogeneic SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jennifer Kaivers
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Andrea Kündgen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
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