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Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME, Casas-Barragán A, Rus A, Tapia-Haro RM, Martínez-Martos JM, Molina F, Correa-Rodríguez M. Associations Among Nitric Oxide and Enkephalinases With Fibromyalgia Symptoms. Nurs Res 2021; 70:E11-E20. [PMID: 33630539 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome of uncertain etiology, characterized by the presence of widespread pain. Both nitric oxide and enkephalinases modulate pain perception. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among serum nitric oxide levels, oxytocinase activity, and enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase (EDA) activity with pain-related clinical manifestations in women with FM. METHODS We performed an observational case study in a population of 58 women diagnosed with FM. Serum nitric oxide levels were analyzed by an ozone chemiluminescence-based assay. Both serum oxytocinase and EDA activities were fluorometrically determined. Pain threshold and pain magnitude were evaluated using the PainMatcher. The pressure pain thresholds were measured using a digital pressure algometer. We used a visual analog scale, the Central Sensitization Inventory, the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory to assess the global level of pain, the symptoms associated with the central sensitization syndrome, the severity of FM, and the anxiety level, respectively. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted by age, body mass index, and menopause status revealed significant associations between nitric oxide levels and dominant occiput pressure pain thresholds, nondominant occiput pressure pain thresholds, and FM effects. Significant associations of oxytocinase activity with the visual analog scale and dominant knee pressure pain thresholds were also found. Moreover, results showed a significant association between high EDA activity levels and dominant second-rib pressure pain thresholds. DISCUSSION Our data have shown significant relationships of serum nitric oxide levels and oxytocinase and EDA activities with some body pressure pain thresholds, the daily activity level, and the global intensity of pain in women with FM. These results suggest that pain, which is the main symptom of this syndrome, may be related to alterations in nitric oxide levels and in oxytocinase and EDA activities in patients with FM.
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Dueñas-Rodríguez B, Carrera-González MP, Navarro-Cecilia J, Martínez-Martos JM. Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase in Women with Breast Cancer: A Role beyond the Regulation of Oxytocin and Vasopressin. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113252. [PMID: 33158090 PMCID: PMC7694176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is a well-known enzyme involved mainly in the regulation of the peptide hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. However, this enzyme activity has hardly been analyzed in breast cancer patients. Additionally, the influence of both the hormonal status (pre or postmenopause) and the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy have rarely been studied. We show that there is a weak association between IRAP activity and the circulating levels of peptide hormones with variations depending on the hormonal status and the neoadjuvant treatment, and propose a role beyond oxytocin and vasopressin regulation that is related to the local mammary renin-angiotensin system and glucose transportation to the cells. Abstract Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is the only enzyme known to cleave oxytocin and vasopressin; however, it is also the high-affinity binding site for angiotensin IV (AngIV) receptor type 4 (AT4) ligands and it is related to insulin-dependent glucose transporters through the translocation of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Previous studies have demonstrated an association between IRAP activity and the number and size of mammary tumors in an animal model of breast cancer (BC). Also, a highly significant increase in IRAP activity has been found in BC tissue from women patients. Here, we found no changes in circulating IRAP in premenopausal (preMP) women, but it increased significantly in postmenopausal (postMP) women not treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACH). However, in women treated with NACH, IRAP activity increased in both preMP and postMP women. Two years of follow-up indicated lower levels of IRAP activity in untreated preMP women, but a return to control levels in untreated postMP women, while IRAP activity returned to control levels in women treated with NACH. Circulating oxytocin decreased in both preMP and postMP women during the follow-up period. Differences in Oxytocin appeared between preMP and postMP women treated with NACH, but not in women who were not treated with NACH. On the contrary, circulating vasopressin increased in untreated and treated preMP and postMP women, with most of the differences related to the hormonal status as well as the neoadjuvant treatment during the two year follow-up We propose that IRAP is involved in mechanisms related not only to oxytocin and/or vasopressin regulation, but also to the local mammary RAS through AngIV and its role in glucose transportation through the IRAP/GLUT4 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.J.R.-E.); (B.D.-R.); (M.P.C.-G.); (J.N.-C.)
| | - Basilio Dueñas-Rodríguez
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.J.R.-E.); (B.D.-R.); (M.P.C.-G.); (J.N.-C.)
- Unit of Breast Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, E-23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - María Pilar Carrera-González
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.J.R.-E.); (B.D.-R.); (M.P.C.-G.); (J.N.-C.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Joaquín Navarro-Cecilia
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.J.R.-E.); (B.D.-R.); (M.P.C.-G.); (J.N.-C.)
- Unit of Breast Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, E-23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, School of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (M.J.R.-E.); (B.D.-R.); (M.P.C.-G.); (J.N.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953-212-600; Fax: +34-953-212-943
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Martínez-Martos JM, Correa-Rodríguez M, Rus A, Molina F, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Aguilar-Ferrandiz ME. Altered Serum Oxytocinase and Enkephalin-Degrading Aminopeptidase Activities in Patients With Fibromyalgia. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 21:431-439. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800419854207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition of unclear etiology. We have analyzed, for the first time, the activity of a broad spectrum of aminopeptidases (APs) in patients with FM and controls to investigate whether they are involved in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Method: In this case–control study, we fluorometrically measured specific AP activities in serum samples of 75 patients with FM and 29 healthy controls. The predictive value of AP activities in FM was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Oxytocinase activity was higher in patients with FM than in controls ( p < .001). A subgroup of patients with FM ( n = 18; 24%) showed low levels of enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase (EDA) activity when compared with the healthy controls ( p < .001) and with the rest of FM patients ( p < .001). There were no significant differences in the activity levels of aminopeptidase A, aminopeptidase B, aspartyl aminopeptidase, insulin-regulated aminopeptidase, pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase, or aminopeptidase N between FM patients and controls. According to ROC analysis, oxytocinase activity may be a good marker for differentiating individuals with FM from healthy subjects. Conclusions: Our findings show that serum oxytocinase activity is increased in patients with FM, which could alter the metabolism of peptides with analgesic effects such as oxytocin and enkephalins. The determination of serum oxytocinase activity may aid in FM diagnosis. Additionally, we have identified a subpopulation of FM patients with abnormally low serum EDA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, University of Granada, Granada, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada (IBIS, Granada)
| | - Alma Rus
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Illán-Cabeza NA, Jiménez-Pulido SB, Hueso-Ureña F, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Sánchez-Sánchez P, Martínez-Martos JM, Moreno-Carretero MN. Effects on estrogen-dependent and triple negative breast cancer cells growth of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes with the Schiff base derived from pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 5,6-diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil explored through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-regulating aminopeptidases. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 185:52-62. [PMID: 29763768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes with the Schiff base derived from the condensation 1:1 from pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 5,6-diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil (6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)-amino]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, DAAUPic) were synthesized and subsequently characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR and nine of them by X-ray diffraction. Except the [Zn(μ-O,O'-AcO)(N5,N6,N1F-DAAUPicH-1)]2 and [Cd(O,O'-NO3)(μ-O4,(N5,N6,N1F)-DAAUPicH-1)(H2O)]2·2H2O dimers and the [Cd(μ-S,N-SCN)(N5,N6,N1F-DAAUPicH-1)]n chain-like polymer, all of them display monomeric molecular structures. The anticancer activity of compounds was also explored studying their effects on renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-regulating aminopeptidases on estrogen-dependent and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. At the concentrations used, some of the complexes showed different effects on (RAS) peptidases, which support the idea that their effects on cell growth/proliferation could be related to autocrine/paracrine regulatory functions of their corresponding peptide substrates.
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Gene expression profiling of breast cancer in Lebanese women. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36639. [PMID: 27857161 PMCID: PMC5114572 DOI: 10.1038/srep36639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is commonest cancer in women worldwide. Elucidation of underlying biology and molecular pathways is necessary for improving therapeutic options and clinical outcomes. Molecular alterations in breast cancer are complex and involve cross-talk between multiple signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to extract a unique mRNA fingerprint of breast cancer in Lebanese women using microarray technologies. Gene-expression profiles of 94 fresh breast tissue samples (84 cancerous/10 non-tumor adjacent samples) were analyzed using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to validate candidate genes. Differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and non-tumor tissues were screened. Significant differences in gene expression were established for COL11A1/COL10A1/MMP1/COL6A6/DLK1/S100P/CXCL11/SOX11/LEP/ADIPOQ/OXTR/FOSL1/ACSBG1 and C21orf37. Pathways/diseases representing these genes were retrieved and linked using PANTHER®/Pathway Studio®. Many of the deregulated genes are associated with extracellular matrix, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, differentiation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Characteristics of breast cancers in Lebanese were compared to those of women from Western populations to explain why breast cancer is more aggressive and presents a decade earlier in Lebanese victims. Delineating molecular mechanisms of breast cancer in Lebanese women led to key genes which could serve as potential biomarkers and/or novel drug targets for breast cancer.
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Carrera-González MP, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, de Saavedra JMA, Sánchez-Agesta R, Mayas MD, Martínez-Martos JM. Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis disruption in rats with breast cancer is related to an altered endogenous oxytocin/insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) system. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:543-9. [PMID: 21207221 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations of breast cancer with diseases of the thyroid have been repeatedly reported, but the mechanism underlying this association remains to be elucidated. It has been reported that oxytocin (OXT) attenuates the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release in response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and decreased plasma levels of TSH as well as the thyroid hormones by an effect mediated by the central nervous system. Oxytocinase (IRAP) is the regulatory proteolytic enzyme reported to hydrolyze OXT. Changes in IRAP activity have been reported in both human breast cancer and N-methyl-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumours. Here, we measure IRAP activity fluorometrically using cystyl-β-naphthylamide as the substrate, in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis together with the circulating levels of OXT, and its relationship with circulating levels of TSH and free thyroxine (fT4), as markers of thyroid function in control rats and rats with breast cancer induced by NMU. We found decreased thyroid function in rats with breast cancer induced by NMU, supported by the existence of lower serum circulating levels of both TSH and fT4 than their corresponding controls. Concomitantly, we found a decrease of hypothalamic IRAP activity and an increase in circulating levels of OXT. We propose that breast cancer increases OXT pituitary release by decreasing its hypothalamic catabolism through IRAP activity, probably due to the alteration of the estrogenic endocrine status. Thus, high circulating levels of OXT decreased TSH release from the pituitary, and therefore, of thyroid hormones from the thyroid, supporting the association between breast cancer and thyroid function disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Carrera-González
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Larrinaga G, López JI, Casis L, Blanco L, Gil J, Agirregoitia E, Varona A. Cystinyl aminopeptidase activity is decreased in renal cell carcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 144:56-61. [PMID: 17692401 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of peptidases in carcinogenetic processes of several tumor types has been researched in recent years. Although kidney is one of the major tissues known to express cystinyl-aminopeptidase (CAP), little is known about its role in renal neoplasia. This study analyzes fluorimetrically membrane-bound and soluble CAP activity in the three main renal cancers: clear cell (CCRCC), papillary (PRCC), and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas. Overall, a marked decrease of membrane-bound CAP activity in all the three renal cell carcinomas was detected when compared with their respective surrounding non-tumor tissues. So, the tumor vs. non-tumor CAP ratios (units of peptidase per mg of protein) was as follows: 926+/-111 vs. 3778+/-276 for CCRCCs, 737+/-181 vs. 4351+/-950 for PRCCs, and 592+/-118 vs. 4905+/-935 for ChRCCs. In contrast, the soluble fraction of this enzyme displayed minor and non-significant changes when comparing tumor and non-tumor CAP activities in the whole series. After stratification by stage and grade, CCRCCs displayed significant differences: pT3 category had significantly higher levels of membrane-bound activity than pT1, and high grade cases (G3-4) had higher soluble CAP activity than low grade ones (G1-2). These data may open additional possibilities in the study of renal cell carcinoma with regard to the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Larrinaga
- Department of Nursing I, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Tops M, van Peer JM, Korf J. Individual differences in emotional expressivity predict oxytocin responses to cortisol administration: Relevance to breast cancer? Biol Psychol 2007; 75:119-23. [PMID: 17267094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reduced emotional expression has been consistently related to susceptibility or fast progression of breast cancer. Breast cancer development and reduced emotional expression have both been related to rejection- and separation-related conditions. The neuropeptide oxytocin is low in response to rejection or separation. Recent results suggest that oxytocin may protect against the development of breast cancer and slow its progression. In the present study, we investigated if individual differences in emotional expressivity relate to basal or cortisol-stimulated plasma oxytocin. Healthy female subjects were treated with placebo or 35mg of cortisol orally in a double-blind within-subject study. Seventy minutes later, blood was sampled for determination of oxytocin and cortisol levels. We found an interaction between treatment condition and Emotional Expression-out scores: after cortisol treatment, oxytocin levels increased proportional to Emotion Expression-out score. These preliminary findings provide a potential mechanism for associations in the literature between emotional expressive behavior and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie Tops
- Department of Experimental and Work Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, NL-9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Leão M, Pavão A, Espinoza V, Taft C, Bulnes E. A multivariate model of chemical carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carrera MDP, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Valenzuela MT, García MJ, Mayas MD, Arias de Saavedra JM, Sánchez R, Pérez MDC, Martínez-Martos JM. Specific enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity in the HPT and HPO axes of rats with breast cancer induced by N-methyl nitrosourea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 124:157-61. [PMID: 15544854 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
State and function of breast depend on an endocrinological balance, the upsetting of which can be a factor favorable to the development of cancer. Enkephalins (ENK) have been considered as a particular form of adaptation to defense to the organism against neoplastic processes. However, ENK may modify the endocrine functions of glands such as the ovary or the thyroid through the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, acting direct or indirectly as endocrine, paracrine or autocrine stimulatory growth factors. The present work analyses enkephalin-degrading tyrosyl aminopeptidase (EDA) activity in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axes in a rat model of breast cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea (NMU) to state the relationship between ENK levels modification through EDA activity at different neuroendocrine levels and breast cancer. Results obtained show a decrease in EDA activity in hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary, thyroid and ovary, suggesting increased levels of ENK in all these locations. These ENK may induce breast cancer cell growth and progression not only at breast level, but also acting at several neuroendocrine levels such as the HPT and HPO axes, inducing an unbalance of several other hormones, which could also facilitate the progression of cancer as an undesirable concomitant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Pilar Carrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Area de Fisiología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, E-23071, Jaén, Spain
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