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Vyavahare S, Ahluwalia P, Gupta SK, Kolhe R, Hill WD, Hamrick M, Isales CM, Fulzele S. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Bone Biology. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241246674. [PMID: 38757095 PMCID: PMC11097734 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241246674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is crucial in maintaining the skeletal system. Our study focuses on encapsulating the role of AhR in bone biology and identifying novel signaling pathways in musculoskeletal pathologies using the GEO dataset. The GEO2R analysis identified 8 genes (CYP1C1, SULT6B1, CYB5A, EDN1, CXCR4B, CTGFA, TIPARP, and CXXC5A) involved in the AhR pathway, which play a pivotal role in bone remodeling. The AhR knockout in hematopoietic stem cells showed alteration in several novel bone-related transcriptomes (eg, Defb14, ZNF 51, and Chrm5). Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis demonstrated 54 different biological processes associated with bone homeostasis. Mainly, these processes include bone morphogenesis, bone development, bone trabeculae formation, bone resorption, bone maturation, bone mineralization, and bone marrow development. Employing Functional Annotation and Clustering through DAVID, we further uncovered the involvement of the xenobiotic metabolic process, p450 pathway, oxidation-reduction, and nitric oxide biosynthesis process in the AhR signaling pathway. The conflicting evidence of current research of AhR signaling on bone (positive and negative effects) homeostasis may be due to variations in ligand binding affinity, binding sites, half-life, chemical structure, and other unknown factors. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the AhR pathway in bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Vyavahare
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Niu Q, Gao J, Wang L, Liu J, Zhang L. Regulation of differentiation and generation of osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034050. [PMID: 36466887 PMCID: PMC9716075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects nearly 1% of the world's population, is a debilitating autoimmune disease. Bone erosion caused by periarticular osteopenia and synovial pannus formation is the most destructive pathological changes of RA, also leads to joint deformity and loss of function,and ultimately affects the quality of life of patients. Osteoclasts (OCs) are the only known bone resorption cells and their abnormal differentiation and production play an important role in the occurrence and development of RA bone destruction; this remains the main culprit behind RA. METHOD Based on the latest published literature and research progress at home and abroad, this paper reviews the abnormal regulation mechanism of OC generation and differentiation in RA and the possible targeted therapy. RESULT OC-mediated bone destruction is achieved through the regulation of a variety of cytokines and cell-to-cell interactions, including gene transcription, epigenetics and environmental factors. At present, most methods for the treatment of RA are based on the regulation of inflammation, the inhibition of bone injury and joint deformities remains unexplored. DISCUSSION This article will review the mechanism of abnormal differentiation of OC in RA, and summarise the current treatment oftargeting cytokines in the process of OC generation and differentiation to reduce bone destruction in patients with RA, which isexpected to become a valuable treatment choice to inhibit bone destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Niu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Xi X, Ye Q, Fan D, Cao X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang M, Xu Y, Xiao C. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Affect Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:797815. [PMID: 35392076 PMCID: PMC8981517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.797815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune disease, is characterized by symmetrical synovial inflammation of multiple joints with the infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and increased cytokines (CKs) levels. In the past few years, numerous studies have indicated that several factors could affect RA, such as mutations in susceptibility genes, epigenetic modifications, age, and race. Recently, environmental factors, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have attracted increasing attention in RA pathogenesis. Therefore, exploring the specific mechanisms of PAHs in RA is vitally critical. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of PAHs and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHRs) in RA. Additionally, the development of therapeutic drugs that target AHR is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on AHR application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinbin Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danping Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ye Q, Xi X, Fan D, Cao X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang M, Wang B, Tao Q, Xiao C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bone homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112547. [PMID: 34929579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may result in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis (OP), which are based on an imbalance in bone homeostasis. These diseases are characterized by bone erosion and even a disruption in homeostasis, including in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Current evidence indicates that multiple factors affect the progression of bone homeostasis, such as genetic susceptibility and epigenetic modifications. However, environmental factors, especially PAHs from various sources, have been shown to play an increasingly prominent role in the progression of bone homeostasis. Hence, it is essential to investigate the effects and pathogenesis of PAHs in bone homeostasis. In this review, recent progress is summarized concerning the effects and mechanisms of PAHs and their ligands and receptors in bone homeostasis. Moreover, strategies based on the effects and mechanisms of PAHs in the regulation of the bone balance and alleviation of bone destruction are also reviewed. We further discuss the future challenges and perspectives regarding the roles of PAHs in autoimmune diseases based on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbin Ye
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Danping Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bailiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Giannattasio R, Lisco G, Giagulli VA, Settembrini S, De Pergola G, Guastamacchia E, Lombardi G, Triggiani V. Bone Disruption and Environmental Pollutants. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:704-715. [PMID: 33461478 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210118163538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous and may significantly contribute in environmental pollution, thus contaminating humans and wildlife. Environmental pollutants could interfere with bone homeostasis by means of different mechanisms, which include hormonal imbalance, direct osteoblasts toxicity and enanchment of osteoclasts activity, thus leading to osteopenia or osteoporosis. Among these, bisphenols, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, poly- and perfluoroalkyls, phthalates, parabens, organotins and cadmium may play a role in bone distuption. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI-web of knowledge and Google scholar databases were searched for medical subject headings terms and free-text word related to the aforementioned classes of chemicals and bone metabolism and remodelling for better clarifying and understanding the main mechanisms of bone disruption. RESULTS Several of EDCs act as xenoestrogens. Considering that estrogens play a significant role in regulating bone remodeling, most of these chemicals generate hormonal imbalance with possible detrimental consequences on bone tissue structure and its mechanical and non-mechanical properties. DISCUSSION A lot of evidences about bone distruptors came from in vitro studies or animal models, and conduct to equivocal results. In addition, a few data derived form humans and most of these data focused on the impact of EDCs on bone mineral density without considering their influence on long-term fracture risk. Moreover, it should be taken into account that humans are exposed to a mixture of EDCs and the final effect on bone metabolism might be the result of either a synergism or antagonist effects among them. Age of first exposure, cumulative dose exposure over time, and the usually observed non-monotonic dose-response curve for EDCs should be considered as other important variable influencing the final effect on bone metabolism. CONCLUSION Taking into account these variables, observational studies are needed to better analyze this issue both for echological purpose and to preserve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Giannattasio
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro, DS 29, SPS San Gennaro, Service of Endocrinology, Via San Gennaro dei Poveri 25, 80136, Naples. Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Policlinico of Bari, Bari. Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Policlinico of Bari, Bari. Italy
| | - Silvio Settembrini
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro, DS 26, Metabolic, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit Pellegrini Hospital, Naples. Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari. Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Policlinico of Bari, Bari. Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Policlinico of Bari, Bari. Italy
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Park R, Madhavaram S, Ji JD. The Role of Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Osteoclast Differentiation and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102294. [PMID: 33066667 PMCID: PMC7602422 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a crucial role in bone remodeling through altering the interplay between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. While effects of AhR signaling in osteoblasts are well understood, the role and mechanism of AhR signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis is not widely understood. AhR, when binding with exogenous ligands (environmental pollutants such as polycylic aryl hydrocarbon (PAH), dioxins) or endogenous ligand indoxyl-sulfate (IS), has dual functions that are mediated by the nature of the binding ligand, binding time, and specific pathways of distinct ligands. In this review, AhR is discussed with a focus on (i) the role of AhR in osteoclast differentiation and function and (ii) the mechanisms of AhR signaling in inhibiting or promoting osteoclastogenesis. These findings facilitate an understanding of the role of AhR in the functional regulation of osteoclasts and in osteoclast-induced bone destructive conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Shreya Madhavaram
- MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Tarasco M, Viegas MN, Caria J, Luis N, Cancela ML. Osteotoxicity of 3-methylcholanthrene in fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:721-728. [PMID: 29940513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals produced by human activities end up in the aquatic ecosystem causing adverse developmental and reproductive effects in aquatic organisms. There is evidence that some anthropogenic chemicals disturb bone formation and skeletal development but the lack of suitable in vitro and in vivo systems for testing has hindered the identification of underlying mechanisms of osteotoxicity. Several fish systems - an in vitro cell system to study extracellular matrix mineralization and in vivo systems to evaluate bone formation and skeletogenesis - were combined to collect data on the osteotoxic activity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Anti-mineralogenic effects, increased incidence of skeletal deformities and reduced bone formation and regeneration were observed in zebrafish upon exposure to 3-MC. Pathway reporter array revealed the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (Ahr2) in the mechanisms underlying 3-MC osteotoxicity in mineralogenic cell lines. Analysis of gene expression in zebrafish larvae confirmed the role of Ahr2 in the signaling of 3-MC toxicity. It also indicated a possible complementary action of the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in the regulation of genes involved in bone cell activity and differentiation but also in xenobiotic metabolism. Data reported here demonstrated the osteotoxicity of 3-MC but also confirmed the suitability of fish systems to gain insights into the toxic mechanisms of compounds affecting skeletal and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Michael N Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Caria
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Luis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Lameira AG, Françoso BG, Absy S, Pecorari VG, Casati MZ, Ribeiro FV, Andia DC. Resveratrol Reverts Epigenetic and Transcription Changes Caused by Smoke Inhalation on Bone-Related Genes in Rats. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:670-679. [PMID: 29958005 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) and resveratrol intake on the modulation of bone repair-related genes through epigenetic mechanisms at the global and gene-specific levels, after 30 days of calvarial defects were created, in rats. The samples were assigned to three groups as follows: no CS, CS, and CS/resveratrol. After evaluation of global (5 hmC) changes and epigenetic and transcription regulation at gene-specific levels, CS group showed increased 5 hmC and Tets transcripts with demethylation at Rankl and Trap promoters (p ≤ 0.01), linked to their increased gene expression (p ≤ 0.001). These modifications were reverted in the CS/resveratrol group. Opposite patterns were observed among CS and CS/resveratrol for epigenetic enzyme transcripts with higher levels of Dnmts in the CS/resveratrol (p ≤ 0.01). No CS and CS/resveratrol demonstrated similar gene expression levels for all Tets and bone-related genes. Resveratrol reverts epigenetic and transcription changes caused by CS at both global and gene-specific levels in bone-related and epigenetic machinery genes, emphasizing the resveratrol as biological modulator for CS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladim Gomes Lameira
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ganhito Françoso
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Absy
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Galego Pecorari
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Zafalon Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Carleto Andia
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University , São Paulo, Brazil
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Herlin M, Öberg M, Ringblom J, Joseph B, Korkalainen M, Viluksela M, Heimeier RA, Håkansson H. Inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation in vitro by the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 are mainly associated with the dioxin-like constituents. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:876-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor suppresses osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through the activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:502-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Eskenazi B, Warner M, Sirtori M, Fuerst T, Rauch SA, Brambilla P, Mocarelli P, Rubinacci A. Serum dioxin concentrations and bone density and structure in the Seveso Women's Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:51-7. [PMID: 24240199 PMCID: PMC3888571 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, is a known endocrine disruptor. In animal studies, TCDD exposure impairs bone metabolism and increases fragility. To our knowledge, no epidemiologic studies have examined this association. OBJECTIVES On 10 July 1976, a chemical explosion in Seveso, Italy, resulted in the highest known residential exposure to TCDD. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study, a retrospective cohort study of the health of the women. In 2008, we followed up the cohort. Here, we evaluated the association between TCDD exposure and bone structure and geometry in adulthood, and considered whether timing of TCDD exposure before achievement of peak bone mass (assumed to occur 2 years after onset of menarche) modified the association. METHODS Individual TCDD concentration was measured in archived serum collected soon after the explosion. In 2008, 350 women who were <20 years old in 1976 underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone scan. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and hip, and hip geometry was extracted from hip DXA scans using the hip structural analysis method. RESULTS Among premenopausal women, TCDD serum levels were associated with some indexes indicating better bone structure in women exposed before peak bone mass (n=219), with stronger associations in those exposed before 5 years of age (n=46). In contrast, among postmenopausal women, TCDD levels were associated with evidence of better bone structure in women exposed after peak bone mass (n=48) than in other women (n=18). CONCLUSIONS Our current results do not support the hypothesis that postnatal TCDD exposure adversely affects adult bone health. Continued follow-up of women who were youngest at exposure is warranted. Future studies should also focus on those exposed in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Iqbal J, Sun L, Cao J, Yuen T, Lu P, Bab I, Leu NA, Srinivasan S, Wagage S, Hunter CA, Nebert DW, Zaidi M, Avadhani NG. Smoke carcinogens cause bone loss through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and induction of Cyp1 enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11115-20. [PMID: 23776235 PMCID: PMC3704019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220919110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture, but the mechanism through which smoke causes bone loss remains unclear. Here, we show that the smoke toxins benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) interact with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) to induce osteoclastic bone resorption through the activation of cytochrome P450 1a/1b (Cyp1) enzymes. BaP and TCDD enhanced osteoclast formation in bone marrow cell cultures and gavage with BaP stimulated bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in vivo. The osteoclastogenesis triggered by BaP or RANK-L was reduced in Ahr(-/-) cells, consistent with the high bone mass noted in Ahr(-/-) male mice. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANK-L) also failed to induce the expression of Cyp1 enzymes in Ahr(-/-) cells. Furthermore, the osteoclastogenesis induced by TCDD was lower in Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) and Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(-/-) cultures, indicating that Ahr was upstream of the Cyp enzymes. Likewise, the pharmacological inhibition of the Cyp1 enzymes with tetramethylsilane or proadifen reduced osteoclastogenesis. Finally, deletion of the Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, and Cyp1b1 in triple knockout mice resulted in reduced bone resorption and recapitulated the high bone mass phenotype of Ahr(-/-) mice. Overall, the data identify the Ahr and Cyp1 enzymes not only in the pathophysiology of smoke-induced osteoporosis, but also as potential targets for selective modulation by new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Iqbal
- Departments of Animal Biology and
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19147
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jay Cao
- US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58201
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ping Lu
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Itai Bab
- The Bone Laboratory, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 76100, Israel; and
| | | | | | - Sagie Wagage
- Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | | | - Daniel W. Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Vascular calcifying progenitor cells possess bidirectional differentiation potentials. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001534. [PMID: 23585735 PMCID: PMC3621676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcifying progenitor cells in blood vessels have the potential to differentiate into cells that either promote calcium accumulation or reverse accumulation, and treatment with PPAR? can shift the direction of this differentiation. Vascular calcification is an advanced feature of atherosclerosis for which no effective therapy is available. To investigate the modulation or reversal of calcification, we identified calcifying progenitor cells and investigated their calcifying/decalcifying potentials. Cells from the aortas of mice were sorted into four groups using Sca-1 and PDGFRα markers. Sca-1+ (Sca-1+/PDGFRα+ and Sca-1+/PDGFRα−) progenitor cells exhibited greater osteoblastic differentiation potentials than Sca-1− (Sca-1−/PDGFRα+ and Sca-1−/PDGFRα−) progenitor cells. Among Sca-1+ progenitor populations, Sca-1+/PDGFRα− cells possessed bidirectional differentiation potentials towards both osteoblastic and osteoclastic lineages, whereas Sca-1+/PDGFRα+ cells differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage unidirectionally. When treated with a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, Sca-1+/PDGFRα− cells preferentially differentiated into osteoclast-like cells. Sca-1+ progenitor cells in the artery originated from the bone marrow (BM) and could be clonally expanded. Vessel-resident BM-derived Sca-1+ calcifying progenitor cells displayed nonhematopoietic, mesenchymal characteristics. To evaluate the modulation of in vivo calcification, we established models of ectopic and atherosclerotic calcification. Computed tomography indicated that Sca-1+ progenitor cells increased the volume and calcium scores of ectopic calcification. However, Sca-1+/PDGFRα− cells treated with a PPARγ agonist decreased bone formation 2-fold compared with untreated cells. Systemic infusion of Sca-1+/PDGFRα− cells into Apoe−/− mice increased the severity of calcified atherosclerotic plaques. However, Sca-1+/PDGFRα− cells in which PPARγ was activated displayed markedly decreased plaque severity. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that Sca-1+/PDGFRα− cells mainly expressed osteocalcin; however, activation of PPARγ triggered receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK) expression, indicating their bidirectional fate in vivo. These findings suggest that a subtype of BM-derived and vessel-resident progenitor cells offer a therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular calcification and that PPARγ activation may be an option to reverse calcification. Atherosclerosis involves hardening of the arteries and can lead to heart disease. Calcium accumulation in blood vessels contributes to this process, and this process is regulated by cells that promote calcium accumulation (osteoblasts) and cells that reverse the accumulation (osteoclasts). In this study, we show that vascular calcifying progenitor cells in the blood vessel have the potential to become either osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and that a drug can push these cells towards becoming osteoclasts instead of osteoblasts. Progenitor cells that express both Sca-1 and PDGFRα cell surface proteins were more committed to differentiate into osteoblasts, while cells that only expressed Sca-1 could differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts in a bidirectional manner. Moreover, treatment with a PPARγ agonist could shift the direction of differentiation of Sca-1+/PDGFRα− progenitor cells toward osteoclast-like cells, whereas it cannot influence the fates of Sca-1+/PDGFRα+ progenitors. These results offer new therapeutic targets for reversing calcium accumulation in blood vessels.
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Abstract
Bone microenvironment is a complex dynamic equilibrium between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is modulated by a wide variety of hormones and osteocyte mediators secreted in response to physiological and pathological conditions. The rate of remodeling involves tight coupling and regulation of both cells population and is regulated by a wide variety of hormones and mediators such as parathyroid hormone, prostaglandins, thyroid hormone, sex steroids, etc. It is also well documented that bone formation is easily influenced by the exposure of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to chemical compounds. Currently, humans and wildlife animals are exposed to various environmental xenoestrogens typically at low doses. These compounds, known as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs), can alter the systemic hormonal regulation of the bone remodeling process and the skeletal formation. This review highlights the effects of the EDCs on mammalian bone turnover and development providing a macro and molecular view of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
The greatest cause of preventable morbidity and mortality is smoking, and one of the often-underappreciated effects of smoking is profound bone loss. The existing clinical paradigm for smoking is that there is a low turnover osteoporosis. This review highlights findings from recent clinical trials and animal research demonstrating either support or conflict with the existing paradigm. Clinically, it is noted that markers of bone formation are often normal in smokers; these clinical findings conflict with well-conducted animal research demonstrating that carcinogens acting on the aryl hydrogen receptor can significantly reduce osteoblast formation and function. Regarding bone resorption, highlights from recent clinical studies suggest that bone remodeling is increased in smokers. Directly contradicting this enhanced osteoclastogenesis are several animal studies all demonstrating significant inhibition of osteoclast formation and function upon exposure to smoke carcinogens. Future research is needed to clarify whether smoking is truly a low bone remodeling osteoporosis, or an osteoclast-driven bone destruction, with inappropriately normal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Yan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Finnilä MAJ, Zioupos P, Herlin M, Miettinen HM, Simanainen U, Håkansson H, Tuukkanen J, Viluksela M, Jämsä T. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on bone material properties. J Biomech 2010; 43:1097-103. [PMID: 20132933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are known to decrease bone strength, architecture and density. However, their detailed effects on bone material properties are unknown. Here we used nanoindentation methods to characterize the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on nanomechanical behaviour of bone matrix. Pregnant rats were treated with a single intragastric dose of TCDD (1 microg/kg) or vehicle on gestational day 11. Tibias of female offspring were sampled on postnatal day (PND) 35 or 70, scanned at mid-diaphysis with pQCT, and evaluated by three-point bending and nanoindentation. TCDD treatment decreased bone mineralization (p<0.05), tibial length (p<0.01), cross-sectional geometry (p<0.05) and bending strength (p<0.05). Controls showed normal maturation pattern between PND 35 and 70 with decreased plasticity by 5.3% and increased dynamic hardness, storage and complex moduli by 26%, 13% and 12% respectively (p<0.05), while similar maturation was not observed in TCDD-exposed pups. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrate retardation of bone matrix maturation process in TCDD-exposed animals. In addition, the study confirms that developmental TCDD exposure has adverse effects on bone size, strength and mineralization. The current results in conjunction with macromechanical behaviour suggest that reduced bone strength caused by TCDD is more associated with the mineralization and altered geometry of bones than with changes at the bone matrix level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko A J Finnilä
- Department of Medical Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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17
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Wejheden C, Brunnberg S, Larsson S, Lind PM, Lind PM, Andersson G, Hanberg A. Transgenic mice with a constitutively active aryl hydrocarbon receptor display a gender-specific bone phenotype. Toxicol Sci 2009; 114:48-58. [PMID: 19934163 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue homeostasis is governed by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines and can be distorted by environmental pollutants, such as ligands to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). A transgenic mouse expressing a constitutively active aryl hydrocarbon receptor (CA-AhR), mimicking continuous low-dose exposure to AhR ligands, was used to explore potential long-term effects of these ligands on bone. The density, content, and dimensions of cortical and trabecular bone, as well as physical properties, were significantly altered in female transgenic mice, while almost no alterations were detected in males. Osteoclast volume density and serum level of C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), reflecting osteoclast activity, were both increased by approximately 60% in female CA-AhR mice, while serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b, reflecting osteoclast numbers, was unchanged. Subsequently, the resorption index (CTX/TRAP 5b) was increased by 90%, indicating increased osteoclast activity in female CA-AhR. Moreover, the protein level of the osteoclast collagenase cathepsin K was increased by 40% in bone extracts of female CA-AhR mice. The messenger RNA expression of several osteoclast- and osteoblast-associated genes was altered in female transgenic mice but not in males. Notably, early markers for osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation were normal, while the expression of functional markers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were reduced. In conclusion, a low continuous activation of the AhR leads to a skeletal phenotype with increased bone resorption associated with more ductile bones in females but not in males. The results indicate the presence of an interaction between the AhR and a female-specific mechanism implicated in inhibition of osteoclast development and function. Female bone tissue appears more susceptible to dioxins and other AhR ligands than male bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Wejheden
- Division of Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
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18
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Dong L, Xia S, Gao F, Zhang D, Chen J, Zhang J. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane attenuates experimental arthritis and osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 79:715-21. [PMID: 19854159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a natural compound formed during the autolysis of glucobrassicin present in Brassica food plants. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacies of DIM on experimental arthritis. The effects of DIM on experimental arthritis were examined on a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), with daily AIA paw swelling observation and histological/radiographic analysis. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of its action, serum cytokine levels as well as the expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) in infected tissues were subsequently analyzed. The impact of DIM on osteoclastogenesis was further investigated on a mouse model of endotoxin-induced bone resorption (EIBR) and in vitro cultures of fibroblast-like cells and osteoblasts, with RANKL expression being evaluated with great interest. The administration of DIM was demonstrated to attenuate AIA in animal models, as judged by clinical and histologic indices of inflammation and tissue damage. On the one hand, DIM could reduce the expression of several inflammatory cytokines, which was, however, not adequate to prevent the development of the arthritis. On the other hand, DIM was shown to effectively inhibit the expression of RANKL, leading to the blockade of osteoclastogenesis and consequently an alleviation of experimental arthritis. Further in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the inhibition of RANKL by DIM. DIM has shown anti-arthritis activity in animal models via inhibiting the expression of RANKL, and thus may offer potential treatments for arthritis and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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19
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Korkalainen M, Kallio E, Olkku A, Nelo K, Ilvesaro J, Tuukkanen J, Mahonen A, Viluksela M. Dioxins interfere with differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone 2009; 44:1134-42. [PMID: 19264158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects bone growth, modelling and mechanical strength in vivo. In this study, we utilized differentiation of bone marrow stem cells to osteoblasts and osteoclasts as a model system to study the effects of TCDD on bones. Stem cells were isolated from bone marrow of femurs and tibias of rats and mice. Progress of osteoblastic differentiation was monitored by measuring mRNA expression levels of differentiation markers from control and TCDD-treated cells using quantitative RT-PCR. TCDD significantly and dose-dependently decreased the mRNA levels of RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Also the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly inhibited in both rat and mice cells. In the case of osteoclasts, TCDD decreased the number of TRACP+ multinucleated cells, with corresponding decreases in the number of F-actin rings and the area of resorption. Studies in AHR-knockout mice indicated that TCDD has no effect on the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers suggesting that TCDD mediates its effects by AHR. Both osteoblastic and osteoclastic effects took place at very low doses of TCDD, as in most cases 100 fM TCDD was enough to significantly affect the differentiation markers. Therefore, differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts from bone marrow stem cells seems to be a very sensitive target for TCDD. Disrupting effects in osteoblastic cells, in addition to disturbed osteoclastogenesis, may thus play a role in adverse effects on bone quality in TCDD exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Korkalainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
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20
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Lind PM, Wejheden C, Lundberg R, Alvarez-Lloret P, Hermsen SAB, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Larsson S, Rannug A. Short-term exposure to dioxin impairs bone tissue in male rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:680-684. [PMID: 19152955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and sub-chronic studies in rats have previously shown that dioxin-like compounds impair the bone tissue homeostasis. In the present study, tibiae and serum were analyzed to study possible effects of short term dioxin exposure on rats. Two month old (ca. 200g) male rats were injected with 50microg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) kg(-1) bw and tibiae were excised 5d following the exposure. Bone composition, dimensions and strength were analyzed by pQCT and three-point bending test on tibiae. In addition, detailed bone composition was analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Analysis of the serum bone biomarkers procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and carboxyterminal cross linking teleopeptide (CTX) were also performed. pQCT-results showed alterations in the metaphysis, with a significant decrease in trabecular bone cross-sectional area (-19%, p<0.05) and a significant increase in total bone mineral density (+7%, p<0.05) in TCDD-exposed rats. Analyses of the bones by ICP-OES and FTIR showed that bones from exposed rats had a higher relative proportion of crystalline phosphate (+13% for a1080 and +11% for a1113, p<0.05) and lower acid phosphate content (-22% for a1145, p<0.05), resembling the composition of more mature bones. Serum analysis showed that the bone formation marker PINP was decreased (-37%, p<0.05) and that the bone resorption marker CTX was increased (+14%, p<0.05) indicating a net loss of bone tissue. In conclusion, 5d of exposure to TCDD was sufficient to negatively affect bone tissue in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica Lind
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carolina Wejheden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Lundberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Alvarez-Lloret
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sanne A B Hermsen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, plan 3, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandro B Rodriguez-Navarro
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sune Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects bone tissue in rhesus monkeys. Toxicology 2008; 253:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Mathew LK, Simonich MT, Tanguay RL. AHR-dependent misregulation of Wnt signaling disrupts tissue regeneration. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:498-507. [PMID: 18938144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The origins of molecular toxicology can be traced to understanding the interactions between halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The physiological consequences of activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor are diverse, and we are just beginning to understand the importance of the AHR signal transduction pathway in homeostasis and disease. The many downstream targets that mediate these biological responses remain undefined. Studies have exploited the power of the zebrafish model to elucidate the mechanisms by which AHR activation disrupts biological signaling. Recent genomic analysis performed in a zebrafish tissue regeneration model revealed functional cross talk between AHR and the well-established Wnt/beta-catenin signal transduction pathway. This review focuses on the development of the zebrafish model of AHR biology and the application of in vivo toxicogenomics to unravel molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijoy K Mathew
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, and the Environmental Health Sciences Center Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7301, USA
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Yoshizawa K, Heatherly A, Malarkey DE, Walker NJ, Nyska A. A critical comparison of murine pathology and epidemiological data of TCDD, PCB126, and PeCDF. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 35:865-79. [PMID: 18098033 PMCID: PMC2623249 DOI: 10.1080/01926230701618516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, or dioxin) and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) induce numerous toxicities, including developmental, endocrine, immunological, and multi-organ carcinogenic, in animals and/or humans. Multiple studies completed by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) focused on the effects caused in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats by specific DLCs, among them the prototypical dioxin, TCDD. Because humans are exposed daily to a combination of DLCs, primarily via ingestion of food, the Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) was developed in order to evaluate health hazards caused by these mixtures. Herein we review the pathological effects reported in humans exposed to TCDD; 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126); and 2,3,4,7,8,-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) and compare them to similar changes seen in NTP murine studies performed with the same compounds. While there were differences in specific pathologies observed, clear consistency in the target organs affected (liver, oral cavity, cardiovascular system, immune system, thyroid, pancreas, and lung) could be seen in both human studies and rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Toxicologic Pathology, Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yodogawa, Osaka, Japan
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Wejheden C, Brunnberg S, Hanberg A, Lind PM. Osteopontin: A rapid and sensitive response to dioxin exposure in the osteoblastic cell line UMR-106. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:116-20. [PMID: 16414014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an endocrine disrupting environmental pollutant that, among other effects, affects bone tissue. TCDD modulates the transcription of various genes, e.g., CYP1A1, and the present study is a part of a project aiming at developing an in vitro model system for identifying biomarkers specific for dioxin-induced effects in osteoblasts. Osteopontin (OPN) is an adhesion protein, suggested to be important in bone remodeling and our results indicate that TCDD down-regulates the transcription of OPN in the osteoblastic cell line, UMR-106. The present study shows that UMR-106 expresses the AhR and that the expression of CYP1A1 is induced after exposure to TCDD, while down-regulation of OPN is an even more rapid response and a sensitive biomarker to TCDD exposure in this osteoblastic cell line. In conclusion, this osteoblastic cell line may be used as an in vitro model-system for studying dioxin-induced effects on osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Wejheden
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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