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Staldoni de Oliveira V, Gomes Castro AJ, Marins K, Bittencourt Mendes AK, Araújo Leite GA, Zamoner A, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Pyriproxyfen induces intracellular calcium overload and alters antioxidant defenses in Danio rerio testis that may influence ongoing spermatogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116055. [PMID: 33272804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro effects of pyriproxyfen on ionic balance in the testis of the zebrafish by measuring 45Ca2+ influx. In vivo pyriproxyfen treatment was carried out to study oxidative stress, and conduct morphological analysis of the testis and liver. Whole testes were incubated in vitro with/without pyriproxyfen (10-12, 10-9 or 10-6 M; 30 min) and 45Ca2+ influx determined. To study pyriproxyfen's mechanism of action, inhibitors/activators of ionic channels or pumps/exchangers, protein kinase inhibitors or a calcium chelator were added 15 min before the addition of 45Ca2+ and pyriproxyfen. We evaluated the in vivo effects of 7 day exposure to waterborne pyriproxyfen (10-9 M) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Morphological analyses of the testis and liver were carried out after in vivo exposure of D. rerio to pyriproxyfen. Pyriproxyfen increased 45Ca2+ influx by opening the voltage-dependent T-type channels (T-type VDCC), inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum 45Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and the NCX exchanger (forward mode) and by mobilizing calcium from stores. The involvement of potassium channels and protein kinase C (PKC) was also demonstrated in pyriproxyfen-induced intracellular calcium elevation. In vivo pyriproxyfen treatment of D. rerio increased lipid peroxidation, decreased GSH content and increased GST activity in testes, in addition to increasing the number and size of spermatogonia cysts and inducing hepatocyte basophilia and dilation of blood vessels in the liver. The toxicity of pyriproxyfen is mediated by calcium overload, increased lipid peroxidation, and a diminished antioxidant capacity in the testis, due to GSH depletion, and altered spermatogenesis. The development of high basophilia in the liver suggests that pyriproxyfen may have estrogenic activity, possibly acting as an endocrine-disruptor. These findings indicate that these alterations may contribute to pyriproxyfen toxicity and spermatogenesis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Staldoni de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Bittencourt Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Sjöqvist M, Antfolk D, Suarez-Rodriguez F, Sahlgren C. From structural resilience to cell specification - Intermediate filaments as regulators of cell fate. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21182. [PMID: 33205514 PMCID: PMC7839487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades intermediate filaments (IFs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular signaling events, ascribing IFs with functions beyond the structural support they provide. The organ and developmental stage‐specific expression of IFs regulate cell differentiation within developing or remodeling tissues. Lack of IFs causes perturbed stem cell differentiation in vasculature, intestine, nervous system, and mammary gland, in transgenic mouse models. The aberrant cell fate decisions are caused by deregulation of different stem cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, and TGFβ. Mutations in genes coding for IFs cause an array of different diseases, many related to stem cell dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how IFs interact with and regulate the activity, localization and function of different signaling proteins in stem cells, and how the assembly state and PTM profile of IFs may affect these processes. Identifying when, where and how IFs and cell signaling congregate, will expand our understanding of IF‐linked stem cell dysfunction during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Freddy Suarez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Zanatta AP, Gonçalves R, Zanatta L, de Oliveria GT, Ludwig Moraes AL, Zamoner A, Fernández-Dueñas V, Lanznaster D, Ciruela F, Tasca CI, Delalande C, Menegaz D, Mena Barreto Silva FR. New ionic targets of 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine at the plasma membrane of rat Sertoli cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:748-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Domingues JT, Cattani D, Cesconetto PA, Nascimento de Almeida BA, Pierozan P, Dos Santos K, Razzera G, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Pessoa-Pureur R, Zamoner A. Reverse T 3 interacts with αvβ3 integrin receptor and restores enzyme activities in the hippocampus of hypothyroid developing rats: Insight on signaling mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:281-294. [PMID: 29155306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we provide evidence that 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) restores neurochemical parameters induced by congenital hypothyroidism in rat hippocampus. Congenital hypothyroidism was induced by adding 0.05% propylthiouracil in the drinking water from gestation day 8 and continually up to lactation day 15. In the in vivo rT3 exposure, hypothyroid 12-day old pups were daily injected with rT3 (50 ng/kg body weight) or saline until day 14. In the ex vivo rT3 treatment, hippocampal slices from 15-day-old hypothyroid pups were incubated for 30 min with or without rT3 (1 nM). We found that ex vivo and/or in vivo exposure to rT3 failed in restoring the decreased 14C-glutamate uptake; however, restored the phosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 45Ca2+ influx, aspartate transaminase (AST), glutamine synthetase (GS) and gamma-glutamate transferase (GGT) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) levels in hypothyroid hippocampus. In addition, rT3 improved 14C-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Receptor agonists/antagonists (RGD peptide and AP-5), kinase inhibitors of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, CaMKII, PKA (SB239063, PD98059, KN93 and H89, respectively), L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) and intracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) were used to determine the mechanisms of the nongenomic rT3 action on GGT activity. Using molecular docking analysis, we found rT3 interaction with αvβ3 integrin receptors, nongenomically activating signaling pathways (PKA, CaMKII, p38MAPK) that restored GGT activity. We provide evidence that rT3 is an active TH metabolite and our results represent an important contribution to elucidate the nonclassical mechanism of action of this metabolite in hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Tonietto Domingues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cattani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Pierozan
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karin Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Hernandez A. Thyroid Hormone Role and Economy in the Developing Testis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:473-500. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Functional Importance of 1α,25(OH)2-Vitamin D3 and the Identification of Its Nongenomic and Genomic Signaling Pathways in the Testis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/808906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25-D3) is known by its classic effects on Ca2+ metabolism and regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The hormone 1,25-D3 acts in the testis through nongenomic and genomic events being implicated in the success of spermatogenesis in rats and in human being. The aim of this review was to highlight the effect and intracellular pathways of 1,25-D3 to modulate the spermatogenesis. The pivotal role of 1,25-D3 in male reproduction is reinforced by the presence of VDR and 1α-hydroxylase in reproductive tract. Also, the marked expression of VDR and the VD metabolizing enzymes in human testis, ejaculatory tract, and mature spermatozoa implicates the 1,25-D3 in spermatogenesis and maturation of human spermatozoa. Among genomic events, 1,25-D3 influences the expression of calcium binding protein and stimulates aromatase gene expression through a nongenomic activation of the membrane-bound VDR receptor involving the PKA pathway in the testis. Also, 1,25-D3 stimulates amino acid transport and exocytosis in testis by nongenomic events coupled to ionic currents triggered at plasma membrane. All together, the demonstration that 1,25-D3 regulates both Sertoli cell and sperm function may be useful for the study and development of new therapeutic strategies for the male reproductive disorders.
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Ramos CF, Zamoner A. Thyroid hormone and leptin in the testis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:198. [PMID: 25505448 PMCID: PMC4243692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is primarily expressed in white adipose tissue; however, it is expressed in the hypothalamus and reproductive tissues as well. Leptin acts by activating the leptin receptors (Ob-Rs). Additionally, the regulation of several neuroendocrine and reproductive functions, including the inhibition of glucocorticoids and enhancement of thyroxine and sex hormone concentrations in human beings and mice are leptin functions. It has been suggested that thyroid hormones (TH) could directly regulate leptin expression. Additionally, hypothyroidism compromises the intracellular integration of leptin signaling specifically in the arcuate nucleus. Two TH receptor isoforms are expressed in the testis, TRa and TRb, with TRa being the predominant one that is present in all stages of development. The effects of TH involve the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli and Leydig cells during development, spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis. In this context, TH disorders are associated with sexual dysfunction. An endocrine and/or direct paracrine effect of leptin on the gonads inhibits testosterone production in Leydig cells. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effects of both hormones in the testis during hypothyroidism. The goal of this review is to highlight the current knowledge regarding leptin and TH in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristiane Fonte Ramos, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doença Cardiovascular, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil e-mail:
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Gao Y, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Thyroid hormone function in the rat testis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:188. [PMID: 25414694 PMCID: PMC4220729 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are emerging regulators of testicular function since Sertoli, germ, and Leydig cells are found to express thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). These testicular cells also express deiodinases, which are capable of converting the pro-hormone T4 to the active thyroid hormone T3, or inactivating T3 or T4 to a non-biologically active form. Furthermore, thyroid hormone transporters are also found in the testis. Thus, the testis is equipped with the transporters and the enzymes necessary to maintain the optimal level of thyroid hormone in the seminiferous epithelium, as well as the specific TRs to execute thyroid hormone action in response to different stages of the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Studies using genetic models and/or goitrogens (e.g., propylthiouracil) have illustrated a tight physiological relationship between thyroid hormone and testicular function, in particular, Sertoli cell differentiation status, mitotic activity, gap junction function, and blood-testis barrier assembly. These findings are briefly summarized and discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will M. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: C. Yan Cheng, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA e-mail: ;
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Rapid responses to reverse T₃ hormone in immature rat Sertoli cells: calcium uptake and exocytosis mediated by integrin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77176. [PMID: 24130850 PMCID: PMC3795021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing experimental evidence of the nongenomic action of thyroid hormones mediated by receptors located in the plasma membrane or inside cells. The aim of this work was to characterize the reverse T₃ (rT₃) action on calcium uptake and its involvement in immature rat Sertoli cell secretion. The results presented herein show that very low concentrations of rT₃ are able to increase calcium uptake after 1 min of exposure. The implication of T-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and chloride channels in the effect of rT₃ was evidenced using flunarizine and 9-anthracene, respectively. Also, the rT₃-induced calcium uptake was blocked in the presence of the RGD peptide (an inhibitor of integrin-ligand interactions). Therefore, our findings suggest that calcium uptake stimulated by rT₃ may be mediated by integrin αvβ₃. In addition, it was demonstrated that calcium uptake stimulated by rT₃ is PKC and ERK-dependent. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that rT₃ also stimulates cellular secretion since the cells manifested a loss of fluorescence after 4 min incubation, indicating an exocytic quinacrine release that seems to be mediated by the integrin receptor. These findings indicate that rT₃ modulates the calcium entry and cellular secretion, which might play a role in the regulation of a plethora of intracellular processes involved in male reproductive physiology.
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New approaches to thyroid hormones and purinergic signaling. J Thyroid Res 2013; 2013:434727. [PMID: 23956925 PMCID: PMC3730180 DOI: 10.1155/2013/434727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that thyroid hormones influence a wide variety of events at the molecular, cellular, and functional levels. Thyroid hormones (TH) play pivotal roles in growth, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, development, and metabolic homeostasis via thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) by controlling the expression of TR target genes. Most of these effects result in pathological and physiological events and are already well described in the literature. Even so, many recent studies have been devoted to bringing new information on problems in controlling the synthesis and release of these hormones and to elucidating mechanisms of the action of these hormones unconventionally. The purinergic system was recently linked to thyroid diseases, including enzymes, receptors, and enzyme products related to neurotransmitter release, nociception, behavior, and other vascular systems. Thus, throughout this text we intend to relate the relationship between the TH in physiological and pathological situations with the purinergic signaling.
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Zanatta AP, Zanatta L, Gonçalves R, Zamoner A, Silva FRMB. Integrin participates in the effect of thyroxine on plasma membrane in immature rat testis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2629-37. [PMID: 23137442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretory activity of Sertoli cells (SC) is dependent on ion channel functions and protein synthesis and is critical to ongoing spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action associated with a non-metabolizable amino acid [14C]-MeAIB (alpha-(methyl-amino)isobutyric acid) accumulation stimulated by T4 and the role of the integrin receptor in this event, and also to clarify whether the T4 effect on MeAIB accumulation and on Ca2+ influx culminates in cell secretion. METHODS We have studied the rapid and plasma membrane initiated effects of T4 by using 45Ca2+ uptake and [45C]-MeAIB accumulation assays, respectively. Thymidine incorporation into DNA was used to monitor nuclear activity and quinacrine to analyze the secretory activity on SC. RESULTS The stimulation of MeAIB accumulation byT4 appears to be mediated by the integrin receptor in the plasma membrane since tetrac and RGD peptide were able to nullify the effect of this hormone. In addition, T4 increases extracellular Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ from intracellular stocks to enhance nuclear activity, but this genomic action seems not to influence SC secretion mediated by T4. Also, the cytoskeleton and CIC-3 chloride channel contribute to the membrane-associated responses of SC. CONCLUSIONS T4 integrin receptor activation ultimately determines the plasma membrane responses on amino acid transport in SC, but it is not involved in calcium influx, cell secretion or the nuclear effect of the hormone. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The integrin receptor activation by T4 may take a role in plasma membrane processes involved in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Zanatta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Kappel VD, Zanatta L, Postal BG, Silva FRMB. Rutin potentiates calcium uptake via voltage-dependent calcium channel associated with stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 532:55-60. [PMID: 23395857 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid with several pharmacological properties and it has been demonstrated that rutin can modulate glucose homeostasis. In skeletal muscle, an increase in intracellular calcium concentration may induce glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) translocation with consequent glucose uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rutin and intracellular pathways on calcium uptake as well as the involvement of calcium in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The results show that rutin significantly stimulated calcium uptake through voltage-dependent calcium channels as well as mitogen-activated kinase (MEK) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways. Also, rutin stimulated glucose uptake in the soleus muscle and this effect was mediated by extracellular calcium and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activation. In conclusion, rutin significantly stimulates calcium uptake in rat soleus muscles. Furthermore, the increase in intracellular calcium concentration is involved in DNA activation by rutin. Also, rutin-induced glucose uptake via CaMKII may result in GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane, characterizing an insulin-independent pathway. These findings indicate that rutin is a potential drug candidate for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Demarchi Kappel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Abstract
Administration of chemotherapy during pregnancy may represent a big risk factor for the developing brain, therefore we studied whether the transplacental transport of doxorubicin (DOX) may affect the development of neuroendocrine system. DOX (25 mg/kg; 3 times interaperitoneally/week) was given to pregnant rats during whole gestation period. The disturbances in neuroendocrine functions were investigated at gestation day (GD) 15 and 20 by following the maternal and fetal thyroid hormone levels, fetal nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP) levels and adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase) activities in two brain regions, cerebrum and cerebellum. In control group, the levels of maternal and fetal serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), and fetal serum growth hormone (GH) increased from days 15 to 20, whereas in the DOX group, a decrease in maternal and fetal T4, T3 and increase in TSH levels (hypothyroid status) were observed. Also, the levels of fetal GH decreased continuously from GD 15 to 20 with respect to control group. In cerebrum and cerebellum, the levels of fetal nucleotides and the activities of fetal ATPases in control group followed a synchronized course of development. The fetal hypothyroidism due to maternal administration of DOX decreased the levels of nucleotides, ATPases activities, and total adenylate, instead, the adenylate energy charge showed a trend to an increase in both brain regions at all ages tested. These alterations were dose- and age-dependent and this, in turn, may impair the nerve transmission. Finally, DOX may act as neuroendocrine disruptor causing hypothyroidism and fetal brain energetic dysfunction.
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Liz R, Zanatta L, dos Reis GO, Horst H, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FRMB, Fröde TS. Acute effect of β-sitosterol on calcium uptake mediates anti-inflammatory effect in murine activated neutrophils. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:115-22. [PMID: 23215694 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of β-sitosterol on ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake in activated murine neutrophils, and upon myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, in carrageenan-induced inflammation in the mouse air pouch model. METHODS Dried Esenbeckia leiocarpa bark was macerated and extracted resulting in a crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) that was partitioned to obtain an alkaloid fraction. The alkaloid was then partitioned in polar and nonpolar subfractions. β-Sitosterol was isolated from the nonpolar subfraction and identified by comparison with the literature. The effect of β-sitosterol on ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake in activated murine neutrophils, and upon myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS β-Sitosterol promoted a time- and dose-dependent increase of the calcium uptake in activated neutrophils that was promptly reversed by nifedipine, BAPTA-AM, LY294002, and colchicine. β-Sitosterol inhibited myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels. CONCLUSIONS β-Sitosterol inhibited either myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity or IL-1β and TNF-α levels. This effect seemed to be mediated by the calcium uptake in activated neutrophils in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through L-type voltage dependent calcium channels, intracellular calcium, phosphoinositide kinase-3, and microtubule modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Liz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Zanatta L, Goulart PB, Gonçalves R, Pierozan P, Winkelmann-Duarte EC, Woehl VM, Pessoa-Pureur R, Silva FRMB, Zamoner A. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 mechanism of action: Modulation of L-type calcium channels leading to calcium uptake and intermediate filament phosphorylation in cerebral cortex of young rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1708-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zanatta L, Zamoner A, Gonçalves R, Zanatta AP, Bouraïma-Lelong H, Carreau S, Silva FRMB. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Signaling Pathways on Calcium Uptake in 30-Day-Old Rat Sertoli Cells. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10284-92. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201113n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zanatta
- Departamento
de Bioquímica,
Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa
Catarina, Brazil
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 2608, INRA-USC 2006, 14032
Caen, France
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento
de Bioquímica,
Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa
Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves
- Departamento
de Bioquímica,
Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa
Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Departamento
de Bioquímica,
Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa
Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Serge Carreau
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 2608, INRA-USC 2006, 14032
Caen, France
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento
de Bioquímica,
Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa
Catarina, Brazil
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17
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Zanatta L, Zamoner A, Zanatta AP, Bouraïma-Lelong H, Delalande C, Bois C, Carreau S, Silva FRMB. Nongenomic and genomic effects of 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in rat testis. Life Sci 2011; 89:515-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Membrane-initiated actions of thyroid hormones on the male reproductive system. Life Sci 2011; 89:507-14. [PMID: 21557952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of specific nuclear receptors to thyroid hormones, described in prepubertal Sertoli cells, implies the existence of an early and critical influence of these hormones on testis development. Although the mechanism of action thyroid hormones has been classically established as a genomic action regulating testis development, our research group has demonstrated that these hormones exert several effects in Sertoli cells lacking nuclear receptor activation. These findings led to the identification of non-classical thyroid hormone binding elements in the plasma membrane of testicular cells. Through binding to these sites, thyroid hormones could exert nongenomic effects, including those on ion fluxes at the plasma membrane, on signal transduction via kinase pathways, on amino acid accumulation, on modulation of extracellular nucleotide levels and on vimentin cytoskeleton. The evidence of the participation of different K(+), Ca(2+) and Cl(-) channels in the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones, characterizes the plasma membrane as an important microenvironment able to coordinate strategic signal transduction pathways in rat testis. The physiological responses of the Sertoli cells to hormones are dependent on continuous cross-talking of different signal transduction pathways. Apparently, the choice of the signaling pathways to be activated after the interaction of the hormone with cell surface binding sites is directly related to the physiological action to be accomplished. Yet, the enormous complexity of the nongenomic actions of thyroid hormones implies that different specific binding sites located on the plasma membrane or in the cytosol are believed to initiate specific cell responses.
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19
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Puia G, Losi G. Thyroid hormones modulate GABA(A) receptor-mediated currents in hippocampal neurons. Neuropharmacology 2011; 60:1254-61. [PMID: 21215272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a crucial role in the maturation and functioning of mammalian central nervous system. Thyroxine (T4) and 3, 3', 5-L-triiodothyronine (T3) are well known for their genomic effects, but recently attention has been focused on their non genomic actions as modulators of neuronal activity. In the present study we report that T4 and T3 reduce, in a non competitive manner, GABA-evoked currents in rat hippocampal cultures with IC₅₀s of 13±4μM and 12±3μM, respectively. The genomically inactive compound rev-T3 was also able to inhibit the currents elicited by GABA. Blocking PKC or PKA activity, chelating intracellular calcium, or antagonizing the integrin receptor αVβ3 with TETRAC did not affect THs modulation of GABA-evoked currents. THs affect also synaptic activity in hippocampal and cortical cultured neurons. T3 and T4 reduced to approximately 50% the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents (sIPSCs), without altering their decay kinetic. Tonic currents evoked by low GABA concentrations were also reduced by T3 (40±5%, n=14), but not by T4. Similarly, T3 decreased currents elicited by low concentrations of THIP, a low affinity GABAA receptor agonist that preferentially activates extrasynaptic receptors, whereas T4 was ineffective. Thus, our data demonstrate that T3 and T4 selectively affect GABAergic phasic and tonic neurotransmission. Since THs concentrations can be regulated at the level of the synapses these data suggest that the network activity of the whole brain could be differently modulated depending on the relative amount of these two hormones. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Trends in neuropharmacology: in memory of Erminio Costa'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Puia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pharmacology Section, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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20
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Rapid stimulatory effect of thyroxine on plasma membrane transport systems: calcium uptake and neutral amino acid accumulation in immature rat testis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1046-51. [PMID: 20348014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the biological effects of thyroid hormones are mediated by nuclear receptors (genomic mechanisms), interactions with receptors associated with the plasma membrane (non-genomic mechanisms) of target cells are not clear. In this study we investigated the rapid stimulatory effect of thyroxine (T(4)) on (45)Ca(2+) uptake as well as ionic currents and intracellular messengers involved in the stimulatory action of T(4) in amino acid accumulation in immature rat testes. Results indicated that 10(-9)M or 10(-6)M T(4) was able to increase immediately (45)Ca(2+) uptake after 60s of hormone exposure. These results indicate for the first time that voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and ATP-dependent K(+) channels can be seen as a set-point in the stimulatory effect of T(4) on amino acid accumulation. Apamin-sensitive small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK(Ca)) and chloride channels were shown to be partially involved in this mechanism. The amino acid accumulation triggered by the PKC pathway suggests a functional link between different ion channel activities and the stimulatory effect of T(4) on amino acid accumulation. In conclusion, we show in this study a rapid and stimulatory effect of T(4) on calcium uptake and on amino acid accumulation, both events initiated at the plasma membrane, which strongly characterizes a non-genomic effect of T(4) in immature rat testes.
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21
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Menegaz D, Rosso A, Royer C, Leite LD, Santos ARS, Silva FRMB. Role of 1alpha,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on alpha-[1-(14)C]MeAIB accumulation in immature rat testis. Steroids 2009; 74:264-9. [PMID: 19073199 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1,25D3 is critical for the maintenance of normal reproduction since reduced fertility is observed in male rats on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Vitamin D-deficient male rats have incomplete spermatogenesis and degenerative testicular changes. In the present study we have examined the ionic involvement and intracellular messengers of the stimulatory effect of 1,25D3 on amino acid accumulation in immature rat testis. 1,25D3 stimulates amino acid accumulation from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M by increasing the slope to reach a maximum value at 10(-10) M, as compared to the control group. No effect was observed at a lower dose (10(-13) M). Time-course showed an increase on amino acid accumulation after 15, 30, and 60 min of incubation with 1,25D3 (10(-10) M). 1,25D3 stimulated amino acid accumulation in 11-day-old rat testis but not in testis that were 20 days old. Cycloheximide totally blocked the 1,25D3 action on amino acid accumulation. Furthermore, a localized elevation of cAMP increased the stimulatory effect of 1,25D3 and the blockage of PKA nullified the action of the hormone. In addition, 1,25D3 action on amino acid accumulation was also mediated by ionic pathways, since verapamil and apamine diminished the hormone effect. The stimulatory effect of 1,25D3 on amino acid accumulation is age-dependent and specific to this steroidal hormone since testosterone was not able to change amino acid accumulation in both ages studied. This study provides evidence for a dual effect for 1,25D3, pointing to a genomic effect that can be triggered by PKA, as well as to a rapid response involving Ca2+/K+ channels on the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusa Menegaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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22
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Zamoner A, Pierozan P, Vidal LF, Lacerda BA, Dos Santos NG, Vanzin CS, Pessoa-Pureur R. Vimentin phosphorylation as a target of cell signaling mechanisms induced by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in immature rat testes. Steroids 2008; 73:1400-8. [PMID: 18687349 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] are mainly mediated by nuclear receptors modulating gene expression. However, there are increasing evidences of nongenomic mechanisms of this hormone associated with kinase- and calcium-activated signaling pathways. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on vimentin phosphorylation in 15-day-old rat testes. Results showed that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 1 microM increased vimentin phosphorylation independent of protein synthesis. We also demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying the hormone action involve protein kinase C activation in a phospholipase C-independent manner. Moreover, we showed that the participation of protein kinase A, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and intra- and extracellular Ca(2+) mediating the effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the cytoskeleton. In addition, we investigated the effect of different times of exposure to the hormone on total and phosphoERK1/2 or c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) in immature rat testis. Results showed that the total levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 were unaltered from 1 to 15 min exposure to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). However, the phosphoERK1/2 levels significantly increased at 1 and 5 min 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. Furthermore, phosphoJNK1 levels were decreased at 10 and 15 min 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) exposure, while phosphoJNK 2 levels were diminished at 5, 10 and 15 min treatment with the hormone. These findings demonstrate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may modulate vimentin phosphorylation through nongenomic Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms in testis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - anexo. CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a critical regulator of growth, development, and metabolism in virtually all tissues, and altered thyroid status affects many organs and systems. Although for many years testis has been regarded as a thyroid hormone unresponsive organ, it is now evident that thyroid hormone plays an important role in testicular development and function. A considerable amount of data show that thyroid hormone influences steroidogenesis as well as spermatogenesis. The involvement of tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) in the control of Sertoli cell proliferation and functional maturation is widely accepted, as well as its role in postnatal Leydig cell differentiation and steroidogenesis. The presence of thyroid hormone receptors in testicular cells throughout development and in adulthood implies that T(3) may act directly on these cells to bring about its effects. Several recent studies have employed different methodologies and techniques in an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone effects on testicular cells. The current review aims at presenting an updated picture of the recent advances made regarding the role of thyroid hormones in male gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Santos Wagner
- Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-033, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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24
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Zamoner A, Heimfarth L, Oliveira Loureiro S, Royer C, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Pessoa-Pureur R. Nongenomic actions of thyroxine modulate intermediate filament phosphorylation in cerebral cortex of rats. Neuroscience 2008; 156:640-52. [PMID: 18760334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The developmental effects of thyroid hormones (TH) in mammalian brain are mainly mediated by nuclear receptors regulating gene expression. However, there are increasing evidences of nongenomic mechanisms of these hormones associated with kinase- and calcium-activated signaling pathways. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of action of TH on cytoskeletal phosphorylation in cerebral cortex of 15-day-old male rats. Results showed that L-thyroxine (L-T4) increased the intermediate filament (IF) phosphorylation independently of protein synthesis, without altering the total immunocontent of these proteins. Otherwise, neither 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) nor neurotransmitters (GABA, ATP, L-glutamate or epinephrine) acted on the IF-associated phosphorylation level. We also demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying the L-T4 effect on the cytoskeleton involve membrane initiated actions through Gi protein-coupled receptor. This evidence was reinforced by the inhibition of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Moreover, we showed the participation of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, intra- and extracellular Ca2+ mediating the effects of L-T4 on the cytoskeleton. Stimulation of 45Ca2+ uptake by L-T4 was also demonstrated. These findings demonstrate that L-T4 has important physiological roles modulating the cytoskeleton of neural cells during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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25
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Zamoner A, Barreto KP, Filho DW, Sell F, Woehl VM, Guma FCR, Silva FRMB, Pessoa-Pureur R. Hyperthyroidism in the developing rat testis is associated with oxidative stress and hyperphosphorylated vimentin accumulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 267:116-26. [PMID: 17306450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism was induced in rats and somatic indices and metabolic parameters were analyzed in testis. In addition, the morphological analysis evidenced testes maturation and intense protein synthesis and processing, supporting the enhancement in vimentin synthesis in hyperthyroid testis. Furthermore, vimentin phosphorylation was increased, indicating an accumulation of phosphorylated vimentin associated to the cytoskeleton, which could be a consequence of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activation regulating the cytoskeleton. Biomarkers of oxidative stress demonstrated an increased basal metabolic rate measured by tissue oxygen consumption, as well as, increased TBARS levels. In addition, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defences appeared to respond according to the augmented oxygen consumption. We observed decreased total glutathione levels, with enhancement of reduced glutathione, whereas most of the antioxidant enzyme activities were induced. Otherwise, superoxide dismutase activity was inhibited. These results support the idea that an increase in mitochondrial ROS generation, underlying cellular oxidative damage, is a side effect of hyperthyroid-induced biochemical changes by which rat testis increase their metabolic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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26
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Zamoner A, Royer C, Barreto KP, Pessoa-Pureur R, Silva FRMB. Ionic involvement and kinase activity on the mechanism of nongenomic action of thyroid hormones on 45Ca2+ uptake in cerebral cortex from young rats. Neurosci Res 2007; 57:98-103. [PMID: 17067709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play important roles in brain development. Although most of the nongenomic actions of TH are known to be calcium-dependent, the effects of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3)) or thyroxine (T(4)) on calcium influx in cerebral cortex of rats are not clear. In this study we investigate some mechanisms involved in the effect of T(3) and T(4) on Ca(2+) uptake in slices of cerebral cortex from 10-day-old male rats. Results indicated 10(-6)M T(3) or 10(-7)M T(4) was able to increase (45)Ca(2+) uptake after 30s of hormone exposure. The involvement of L- and T-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) on the effect of TH on (45)Ca(2+) uptake was evidenced by using nifedipine and flunarizine, L- and T-type channel blockers, respectively. Otherwise, chloride currents were not involved in the hormone actions, as demonstrated by using 9-anthracene carboxylic acid, a Cl(-)-channel blocker. In addition, results demonstrated a PKC-dependent mechanism for both T(3) and T(4), as evidenced by stearoylcarnitine chloride, a specific PKC inhibitor. Furthermore, we verified that the T(3) action was also mediated by PKA activity, as demonstrated coincubating T(3) and KT 5720 (PKA inhibitor), and reinforced by using theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. In contrast, concerning the effect of T(4), results suggest a partial involvement of PKA activity, and demonstrated that high cAMP levels were not able to support the effect of T(4), suggesting the participation of G inhibitory protein-coupled receptor in the action of this hormone on (45)Ca(2+) uptake. In conclusion, our results evidence a nongenomic action of TH promoting Ca(2+) influx by ionic channels involving mechanisms dependent on kinase activities. It is possible that the modulation of Ca(2+) channels by kinase activities represent an important membrane action of TH signaling mechanism in the central nervous system during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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27
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Gilleron J, Nebout M, Scarabelli L, Senegas-Balas F, Palmero S, Segretain D, Pointis G. A potential novel mechanism involving connexin 43 gap junction for control of sertoli cell proliferation by thyroid hormones. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209:153-61. [PMID: 16823880 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that thyroid hormones through triiodothyronine (T3) regulate Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation in the neonatal testis. However, the mechanism(s) by which they are able to control Sertoli cell proliferation is unclear. In the present study in vivo approaches (PTU-induced neonatal hypothyroidism known to affect Sertoli cell proliferation) associated with in vitro experiments on a Sertoli cell line were developed to investigate this question. We demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of T3 on Sertoli cell growth, analyzed by evaluating DNA-incorporated [3H] thymidine, was associated with a time and dose-dependent increase in the levels of Cx43, a constitutive protein of gap junctions, known to participate in the control of cell proliferation and the most predominant Cx in the testis. These Cx43 changes were associated with increased gap junction communication measured by gap FRAP. Consistent with these results two specific inhibitors of gap junction coupling, AGA and oleamide, were able to significantly reverse the T3 inhibitory effect on Sertoli cell proliferation. The present data also revealed a nongenomic effect of T3 on Cx43 Sertoli cells that was evidenced by a rapid up-regulation of gap junction plaque number as identified in Cx43-GFP transfected cells exposed to the hormone. This process appears mediated through actin cytoskeleton since incubation of the cells with cytochalasin D totally reversed the T3 stimulatory effect on Cx43-GFP gap junction plaques. Based on these data, we propose a working hypothesis in which Cx43 could be an intermediate target for T3 inhibition of neonatal Sertoli cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- INSERM U 670, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France
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28
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Zamoner A, Bruno AN, Casali EA, Corbelini PF, Diniz GP, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Silva FRMB, Sarkis JJF, Pessoa-Pureur R. Genomic-independent action of thyroid hormones on NTPDase activities in Sertoli cell cultures from congenital hypothyroid rats. Life Sci 2006; 80:51-8. [PMID: 16978660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Sertoli cells play an essential role in the maintenance and control of spermatogenesis. The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) and 5'-nucleotidase activities can modulate the extracellular adenine nucleotide levels, controlling nucleotide-mediated signaling events in Sertoli cells. Since thyroid hormones (TH) and adenine nucleotides and nucleosides play important modulatory roles in Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism upon the NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in Sertoli cell cultures, as well as to verify whether these effects may be reversed by short and long-term supplementation with TH. Congenital hypothyroidism was induced by adding 0.02% methimazole in the drinking water from day 9 of gestation and continually until 18 days of age. Hypothyroidism significantly decreased the extracellular ATP and ADP hydrolysis and this effect was significantly reversed when cell cultures were supplemented with 1 microM T3 or 0.1 microM T4 for 30 min. In contrast, AMP hydrolysis was not altered by hypothyroidism, but was increased by T4 supplementation for 24 h. The presence of the enzymes NTPDase 1, 2 and 3 was detected by RT-PCR in Sertoli cell cultures, however, hypothyroidism was not able to alter the expression of these enzymes. These findings demonstrate that TH modify NTPDase activities in hypothyroid Sertoli cells, probably via nongenomic mechanisms and, consequently, may influence the reproductive function throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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29
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Zamoner A, Funchal C, Heimfarth L, Silva FRMB, Pessoa-Pureur R. Short-Term Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Cytoskeletal Proteins Are Mediated by GABAergic Mechanisms in Slices of Cerebral Cortex from Young Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 26:209-24. [PMID: 16763783 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-006-9027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
: Thyroid hormones play important roles in brain function. However, few information is available about the effect of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3)) or thyroxine (T(4)) on the in vitro phosphorylation of intermediate filament (IF) proteins from cerebral cortex of rats. In this study we investigated the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms mediating the effects of T(3) and T(4) on the in vitro incorporation of (32)P into IF proteins from cerebral cortex of 10-day-old male rats. Tissue slices were incubated with or without T(3), T(4), gamma-aminobutiric acid (GABA), kinase inhibitors or specific GABA antagonists and (32)P-orthophosphate for 30 min. The IF-enriched cytoskeletal fraction was extracted in a high salt Triton-containing buffer and the in vitro (32)P incorporation into IF proteins was measured. We first observed that 1 microM T(3) and 0.1 microM T(4) significantly increased the in vitro incorporation of (32)P into the IF proteins studied through the PKA and PKCaMII activities. A similar effect on IF phosphorylation was achieved by incubating cortical slices with GABA. Furthermore, by using specific GABA antagonists, we verified that T(3) induced a stimulatory effect on IF phosphorylation through noncompetitive mechanisms involving GABA(A), beyond GABA(B) receptors. In contrast, T(4) effects were mediated mainly by GABA(B) mechanisms. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a rapid nongenomic action of T(3) and T(4) on the phosphorylating system associated to the IF proteins in slices of cerebral cortex of 10 day-old male rats and point to GABAergic mechanisms mediating such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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