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Feitosa WB, Morris PL. Post-ovulatory aging is associated with altered patterns for small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins and SUMO-specific proteases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22816. [PMID: 36826436 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200622r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are ovulated arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division. If they are not fertilized within a short period, the oocyte undergoes several progressive morphological, structural, and molecular changes during a process called oocyte aging. Herein, we focused on those functional events associated with proper cytoskeleton organization and those that correlate with spindle displacement and chromosome misalignment or scatter. Post-translational modifications by Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in spindle organization and here we demonstrate that the SUMO pathway is involved in spindle morphology changes and chromosome movements during oocyte aging. SUMO-2/3 as well as the SUMO-specific proteases SENP-2 localization are affected by postovulatory aging in vitro. Consistent with these findings, UBC9 decreases during oocyte aging while differential ubiquitination patterns also correlate with in vitro oocyte aging. These results are consistent with postovulatory aging-related alterations in the posttranslational modifications of the spindle apparatus by SUMO and its SENP proteases. These findings are suggestive that such age-related changes in SUMOylation and the deSUMOylation of key target proteins in the spindle apparatus and kinetochore may be involved with spindle and chromosome alignment defects during mammalian oocyte postovulatory aging. Such findings may have implications for ART-related human oocyte aging in vitro regarding the activities of the SUMO pathway and fertilization success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia L Morris
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.,The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Carnino JM, Ni K, Jin Y. Post-translational Modification Regulates Formation and Cargo-Loading of Extracellular Vesicles. Front Immunol 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32528471 PMCID: PMC7257894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the selective encapsulation of non-coding RNA molecules into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and contribute to the downstream functions of EVs or EV-cargo non-coding RNAs. EVs are a newly studied mechanism of intercellular communication that involves the transfer of molecules, including but not limited to proteins, lipids, and non-coding RNAs, to induce functional changes in the recipient cells. In this present mini-review, we focus on the PTM-regulated protein and non-coding RNA selection into eukaryotic EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Carnino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kareemah Ni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Rosen JN, Azevedo M, Soffar DB, Boyko VP, Brendel MB, Schulman VK, Baylies MK. The Drosophila Ninein homologue Bsg25D cooperates with Ensconsin in myonuclear positioning. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:524-540. [PMID: 30626718 PMCID: PMC6363458 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosen et al. identify a role for the centrosomal protein Bsg25D/Ninein in nuclear positioning and microtubule organization in Drosophila muscle fibers. Genetic, cell biological, and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrate that complex interactions between Bsg25D and the microtubule-associated protein Ensconsin govern myonuclear positioning in Drosophila. Skeletal muscle consists of multinucleated cells in which the myonuclei are evenly spaced throughout the cell. In Drosophila, this pattern is established in embryonic myotubes, where myonuclei move via microtubules (MTs) and the MT-associated protein Ensconsin (Ens)/MAP7, to achieve their distribution. Ens regulates multiple aspects of MT biology, but little is known about how Ens itself is regulated. We find that Ens physically interacts and colocalizes with Bsg25D, the Drosophila homologue of the centrosomal protein Ninein. Bsg25D loss enhances myonuclear positioning defects in embryos sensitized by partial Ens loss. Bsg25D overexpression causes severe positioning defects in immature myotubes and fully differentiated myofibers, where it forms ectopic MT organizing centers, disrupts perinuclear MT arrays, reduces muscle stiffness, and decreases larval crawling velocity. These studies define a novel relationship between Ens and Bsg25D. At endogenous levels, Bsg25D positively regulates Ens activity during myonuclear positioning, but excess Bsg25D disrupts Ens localization and MT organization, with disastrous consequences for myonuclear positioning and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Rosen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mafalda Azevedo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David B Soffar
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vitaly P Boyko
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Molecular Cytology Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew B Brendel
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Molecular Cytology Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Victoria K Schulman
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Mary K Baylies
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY .,Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY
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4
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Feitosa WB, Hwang K, Morris PL. Temporal and SUMO-specific SUMOylation contribute to the dynamics of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and spindle integrity during mouse oocyte meiosis. Dev Biol 2018; 434:278-291. [PMID: 29269218 PMCID: PMC5805567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian meiosis, Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is essential during cell cycle progression. In oocyte maturation, PLK1 expression is well characterized but timing of posttranslational modifications regulating its activity and subcellular localization are less clear. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) posttranslational modifier proteins have been detected in mammalian gametes but their precise function during gametogenesis is largely unknown. In the present paper we report for mouse oocytes that both PLK1 and phosphorylated PLK1 undergo SUMOylation in meiosis II (MII) oocytes using immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation and in vitro SUMOylation assays. At MII, PLK1 is phosphorylated at threonine-210 and serine-137. MII oocyte PLK1 and phosphorylated PLK1 undergo SUMOylation by SUMO-1, -2 and -3 as shown by individual in vitro assays. Using these assays, forms of phosphorylated PLK1 normalized to PLK1 increased significantly and correlated with SUMOylated PLK1 levels. During meiotic progression and maturation, SUMO-1-SUMOylation of PLK1 is involved in spindle formation whereas SUMO-2/3-SUMOylation may regulate PLK1 activity at kinetochore-spindle attachment sites. Microtubule integrity is required for PLK1 localization with SUMO-1 but not with SUMO-2/3. Inhibition of SUMOylation disrupts proper meiotic bipolar spindle organization and spindle-kinetochore attachment. The data show that both temporal and SUMO-specific-SUMOylation play important roles in orchestrating functional dynamics of PLK1 during mouse oocyte meiosis, including subcellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weber Beringui Feitosa
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - KeumSil Hwang
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patricia L Morris
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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5
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Chen BJ, Lam TC, Liu LQ, To CH. Post-translational modifications and their applications in eye research (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3923-3935. [PMID: 28487982 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is used for the synthesis of a functional gene product, and ultimately regulates cell function. The increase of biological complexity from genome to proteome is vast, and the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins contribute to this complexity. The study of protein expression and PTMs has attracted attention in the post‑genomic era. Due to the limited capability of conventional biochemical techniques in the past, large‑scale PTM studies were technically challenging. The introduction of effective protein separation methods, specific PTM purification strategies and advanced mass spectrometers has enabled the global profiling of PTMs and the identification of a targeted PTM within the proteome. The present review provides an overview of current proteomic technologies being applied in eye research, with a particular focus on studies of PTMs in ocular tissues and ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Chen
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Long-Qian Liu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Ho To
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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6
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JAK2 tyrosine kinase phosphorylates and is negatively regulated by centrosomal protein Ninein. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:111-31. [PMID: 25332239 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01138-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase critical for cytokine signaling. In this study, we have identified a novel centrosome-associated complex containing ninein and JAK2. We have found that active JAK2 localizes around the mother centrioles, where it partly colocalizes with ninein, a protein involved in microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring. We demonstrated that JAK2 is an important regulator of centrosome function. Depletion of JAK2 or use of JAK2-null cells causes defects in MT anchoring and increased numbers of cells with mitotic defects; however, MT nucleation is unaffected. We showed that JAK2 directly phosphorylates the N terminus of ninein while the C terminus of ninein inhibits JAK2 kinase activity in vitro. Overexpressed wild-type (WT) or C-terminal (amino acids 1179 to 1931) ninein inhibits JAK2. This ninein-dependent inhibition of JAK2 significantly decreases prolactin- and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT5. Downregulation of ninein enhances JAK2 activation. These results indicate that JAK2 is a novel member of centrosome-associated complex and that this localization regulates both centrosomal function and JAK2 kinase activity, thus controlling cytokine-activated molecular pathways.
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7
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Zhou SL, Ying XL, Han X, Sun XX, Jin Q, Yang F. Characterization of the enterovirus 71 VP1 protein as a vaccine candidate. J Med Virol 2014; 87:256-62. [PMID: 25043151 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an important agent responsible for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), which can cause severe neurological complications and death in children. However, there is no specific treatment for EV71 infection, and a safe and effective vaccine is needed urgently. In this study, an effective and economical method for the production of EV71-VP1 protein was developed, and the VP1 protein was evaluated in humoral and cellular immune responses as an EV71 vaccine. The results revealed that the VP1 protein induced high titers of cross-neutralizing antibodies for different EV71 subtypes, and elicited significant splenocyte proliferation. The high levels of IFN-r and IL-10 showed the VP1 protein induced a mixed Th1 and Th2 immune response. Vaccinated female mice could confer protection in their neonatal offspring. Compared with the inactivated EV71, the VP1 protein elicited similar humoral and cellular responses, but the engineered protein is safer, less expensive and can be produced more efficiently. Therefore, EV71-VP1 protein can induce effective immunologic protection against EV71 and is an ideal candidate against EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Li Zhou
- College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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8
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Ling K, Hu J. SUMOylation of the small GTPase ARL-13 promotes ciliary targeting of sensory receptors. J Cell Biol 2012; 199:589-98. [PMID: 23128241 PMCID: PMC3494855 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia serve as cellular antenna for various sensory signaling pathways. However, how the sensory receptors are properly targeted to the ciliary surface remains poorly understood. Here, we show that UBC-9, the sole E2 small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzyme, physically interacts with and SUMOylates the C terminus of small GTPase ARL-13, the worm orthologue of ARL13B that mutated in ciliopathy Joubert syndrome. Mutations that totally abolish the SUMOylation of ARL-13 do not affect its established role in ciliogenesis, but fail to regulate the proper ciliary targeting of various sensory receptors and consequently compromise the corresponding sensory functions. Conversely, constitutively SUMOylated ARL-13 fully rescues all ciliary defects of arl-13-null animals. Furthermore, SUMOylation modification of human ARL13B is required for the ciliary entry of polycystin-2, the protein mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Our data reveal a novel but conserved role for the SUMOylation modification of ciliary small GTPase ARL13B in specifically regulating the proper ciliary targeting of various sensory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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9
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Wang Y, Lin F, Qin ZH. The role of post-translational modifications of huntingtin in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Neurosci Bull 2010; 26:153-62. [PMID: 20332821 PMCID: PMC5560368 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-010-1118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications are rapid, effective and reversible ways to regulate protein stability, localization, function, and their interactions with other molecules. Post-translational modifications usually occur as chemical modifications at amino acid residues, including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, palmitoylation, acetylation, etc. These complex biochemical modifications tightly regulate and control a variety of cellular processes. Several forms of post-translational modifications of huntingtin (Htt) have been described. These modifications affect Htt metabolism, protein-protein interactions and cellular toxicity. Cleavage and clearance of mutant Htt, and the interactions between mutant Htt and other cellular proteins are important biochemical events leading to Huntington's disease. Therefore, identifying signaling pathways of Htt modification and evaluating the significance of Htt modifications would lead to a better understanding of the normal function of wild-type Htt and the pathogenic mechanisms of mutant Htt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 China
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10
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Astrinidis A, Kim J, Kelly CM, Olofsson BA, Torabi B, Sorokina EM, Azizkhan-Clifford J. The transcription factor SP1 regulates centriole function and chromosomal stability through a functional interaction with the mammalian target of rapamycin/raptor complex. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:282-97. [PMID: 20013896 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is an essential transcription factor implicated in the regulation of genes that control multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Very few nontranscriptional roles for SP1 have been reported thus far. Using confocal microscopy and centrosome fractionation, we identified SP1 as a centrosomal protein. Sp1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cells depleted of SP1 by RNAi have increased centrosome number associated with centriole splitting, decreased microtubule nucleation, chromosome misalignment, formation of multipolar mitotic spindles and micronuclei, and increased incidence of aneuploidy. Using mass spectrometry, we identified P70S6K, an effector of the mTOR/raptor (mTORC1) kinase complex, as a novel interacting protein of SP1. We found that SP1-deficient cells have increased phosphorylation of the P70S6K effector ribosomal protein S6, suggesting that SP1 participates in the regulation of the mTORC1/P70S6K/S6 signaling pathway. We previously reported that aberrant mTORC1 activation leads to supernumerary centrosomes, a phenotype rescued by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. Similarly, treatment with rapamycin rescued the multiple centrosome phenotype of SP1-deficient cells. Taken together, these data strongly support the hypothesis that SP1 is involved in the control of centrosome number via regulation of the mTORC1 pathway, and predict that loss of SP1 function can lead to aberrant centriole splitting, deregulated mTORC1 signaling, and aneuploidy, thereby contributing to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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11
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Ronen O, Malone JP, Kay P, Bivens C, Hall K, Paruchuri LP, Mo YY, Robbins KT, Ran S. Expression of a novel marker, Ubc9, in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2009; 31:845-55. [PMID: 19309722 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Ubc9) is a novel enzyme involved in posttranslational modification of cellular proteins. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of Ubc9 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). METHODS SCCHN specimens were stained with anti-Ubc9 antibodies, scored using a semiquantitative method, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Forty-six tumors were stained, 26 of which included adjacent mucosa. Ubc9 was significantly upregulated in the malignant and peritumoral tissues compared with mucosa from normal individuals. In peritumoral tissues, Ubc9 expression was detected in the basal and suprabasal epithelial layers. No Ubc9 was detected in epithelial cells in normal mucosa. These differences in Ubc9 expression were statistically significant (p < .0001). Tumor Ubc9 expression significantly correlated with clinical and pathologic stage. CONCLUSIONS Ubc9 is significantly overexpressed in the primary SCCHN tumors and peritumoral mucosa compared with normal epithelial cells. These findings suggest that Ubc9 may play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Ronen
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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12
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Abstract
Centrins are multifunctional Ca(2+)-binding proteins that are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Centrin-2 is a core component of the centrosome of higher eukaryotes. In addition, it is present within the nucleus, in which it is part of the xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) complex, which controls nucleotide excision repair (NER). Regulation of the subcellular distribution of centrin-2 has so far remained elusive. Here we show that centrin-2 is a substrate of SUMOylation in vitro and in vivo, and that it is preferentially modified by SUMO2/3. Moreover, we identify the SUMO E3-like ligase human polycomb protein 2 (PC2; also known as hPC2) as essential for centrin-2 modification. Interference with the SUMOylation pathway leads to a striking defect in nuclear localization of centrin-2 and accumulation in the cytoplasm, whereas centrosomal recruitment of centrin-2 is unaffected. Depletion of the XPC protein mimics this situation and we provide evidence that SUMO conjugation of centrin-2 enhances its binding to the XPC protein. These data show that the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of centrin-2 depends on the SUMO system and indicates that localization of centrin-2 within the nucleus depends on its ability to bind to the XPC protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf R Klein
- Department of Cell Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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13
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Matsumoto T, Schiller P, Dieterich LC, Bahram F, Iribe Y, Hellman U, Wikner C, Chan G, Claesson-Welsh L, Dimberg A. Ninein is expressed in the cytoplasm of angiogenic tip-cells and regulates tubular morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:2123-30. [PMID: 18772498 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.169128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an integral part of many physiological processes but may also aggravate pathological conditions such as cancer. Development of effective angiogenesis inhibitors requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating vessel formation. The aim of this project was to identify proteins that regulate tubular morphogenesis of endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Phosphotyrosine-dependent affinity-purification and mass spectrometry showed tyrosine phosphorylation of ninein during tubular morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Ninein was recently identified as a centrosomal microtubule-anchoring protein. Our results show that ninein is localized in the cytoplasm in endothelial cells, and that it is highly expressed in the vasculature in normal and pathological human tissues. Using embryoid bodies as a model of vascular development, we found that ninein is abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells during sprouting angiogenesis, in particular in the sprouting tip-cell. In accordance, siRNA-dependent silencing of ninein in endothelial cells inhibited tubular morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that ninein is expressed in developing vessels and in endothelial tip cells, and that ninein is critical for formation of the vascular tube. These data strongly implicate ninein as an important new regulator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
SUMO proteins are small ubiquitin-like modifiers found in all eukaryotes that become covalently conjugated to other cellular proteins. The SUMO conjugation pathway is biochemically similar to ubiquitin conjugation, although the enzymes within the pathway act exclusively on SUMO proteins. This post-translational modification controls many processes. Here, I will focus on evidence that SUMOylation plays a critical role(s) in mitosis: Early studies showed a genetic requirement for SUMO pathway components in the process of cell division, while later findings implicated SUMOylation in the control of mitotic chromosome structure, cell cycle progression, kinetochore function and cytokinesis. Recent insights into the targets of SUMOylation are likely to be extremely helpful in understanding each of these aspects. Finally, growing evidence suggests that SUMOylation is a downstream target of regulation through Ran, a small GTPase with important functions in both interphase nuclear trafficking and mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, NICHD/NIH, Building 18, Room 106, MSC-5431, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Kfoury Y, Nasr R, Favre-Bonvin A, El-Sabban M, Renault N, Giron ML, Setterblad N, Hajj HE, Chiari E, Mikati AG, Hermine O, Saib A, de Thé H, Pique C, Bazarbachi A. Ubiquitylated Tax targets and binds the IKK signalosome at the centrosome. Oncogene 2007; 27:1665-76. [PMID: 17891179 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by the Tax oncoprotein plays a crucial role in the proliferation and transformation of HTLV-I infected T lymphocytes. We have previously shown that Tax ubiquitylation on C-terminal lysines is critical for binding of Tax to IkappaB kinase (IKK) and its subsequent activation. Here, we report that ubiquitylated Tax is not associated with active cytosolic IKK subunits, but binds endogenous IKK-alpha, -beta, -gamma, targeting them to the centrosome. K63-ubiquitylated Tax colocalizes at the centrosome with IKK-gamma, while K48-ubiquitylated Tax is stabilized upon proteasome inhibition. Altogether, these results support a model in which K63-ubiquitylated Tax activates IKK in a centrosome-associated signalosome, leading to the production of Tax-free active cytoplasmic IKK. These observations highlight an unsuspected link between Tax-induced IKK activation and the centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kfoury
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Sillibourne JE, Delaval B, Redick S, Sinha M, Doxsey SJ. Chromatin remodeling proteins interact with pericentrin to regulate centrosome integrity. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3667-80. [PMID: 17626165 PMCID: PMC1951766 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-07-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentrin is an integral centrosomal component that anchors regulatory and structural molecules to centrosomes. In a yeast two-hybrid screen with pericentrin we identified chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4/Mi2beta). CHD4 is part of the multiprotein nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex. We show that many NuRD components interacted with pericentrin by coimmunoprecipitation and that they localized to centrosomes and midbodies. Overexpression of the pericentrin-binding domain of CHD4 or another family member (CHD3) dissociated pericentrin from centrosomes. Depletion of CHD3, but not CHD4, by RNA interference dissociated pericentrin and gamma-tubulin from centrosomes. Microtubule nucleation/organization, cell morphology, and nuclear centration were disrupted in CHD3-depleted cells. Spindles were disorganized, the majority showing a prometaphase-like configuration. Time-lapse imaging revealed mitotic failure before chromosome segregation and cytokinesis failure. We conclude that pericentrin forms complexes with CHD3 and CHD4, but a distinct CHD3-pericentrin complex is required for centrosomal anchoring of pericentrin/gamma-tubulin and for centrosome integrity.
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