Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury inhibits differentiation of dendritic cells derived from bone marrow monocytes in rats

Advances in understanding of dendritic cell in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid decline in renal function and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. At present, the underlying mechanisms of AKI remain incompletely understood. Immune disorder is a prominent feature of AKI, and dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating both innate and adaptive immune responses, including the induction of protective proinflammatory and tolerogenic immune reactions. Emerging evidence suggests that DCs play a critical role in the initiation and development of AKI. This paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of the role of DCs in the progression of AKI and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The ultimate objective was to offer valuable insights and guidance for the treatment of AKI.

The Role of Dendritic and Endothelial Cells in Cardiorenal Syndrome

BACKGROUNDS

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play a central role in innate and adaptive immune responses; however, the cross talk between cardiac and renal DCs in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has not yet been fully elucidated. In this setting, endothelial cells (ECs) also contribute to immune responses.

SUMMARY

DC and EC activation and dysfunction have a central role in the pathogenesis of CRS. Regarding immune responses in CRS, it is unknown whether ECs may serve as antigen-presenting cells or act synergistically with DCs to actively participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. This review first focuses on the burden of concomitant heart and renal DCs in the context of CRS; it examines what is known of DCs in animal models, and proposes a central role for DCs in all types of CRS. Second, this review briefly describes the role of ECs in the context of CRS. Key Messages: Understanding the role of DCs and ECs in immune response could lead to the development of novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of CRS.

Role of dendritic cells in cardiovascular diseases

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent work has elucidated the DC life cycle, including several important stages such as maturation, migration and homeostasis, as well as DC classification and subsets/locations, which provided etiological insights on the role of DCs in disease processes. DCs have a close relationship to endothelial cells and they interact with each other to maintain immunity. DCs are deposited in the atherosclerotic plaque and contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, the necrotic cardiac cells induced by ischemia activate DCs by Toll-like receptors, which initiate innate and adaptive immune responses to renal, hepatic and cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Furthermore, DCs are involved in the acute/chronic rejection of solid organ transplantation and mediate transplant tolerance as well. Advancing our knowledge of the biology of DCs will aid development of new approaches to treat many cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiac IRI and transplantation.

Modulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation is associated with ischemic acute renal failure

BACKGROUND

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in both stimulating and suppressing immune responses and are impacted by surgical injury, exercise, and other physiological stressors. This study aims to determine whether renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury alters the differentiation, maturation, and activation of DCs from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to I/R injury or sham-operated. Creatinine clearance (CCr) was monitored daily during the 14 days of reperfusion that followed the ischemic insult. At 2 and 14 days of reperfusion, the following properties of PBMo derived-DCs were assessed: the amount of generated DCs, surface markers [CD11c, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II (IA)], and functional status including magnitude of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), production of IL-12 p70 by DCs, and production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by DC-stimulated T cells.

RESULTS

CCr was greatly reduced in the injured rats 0 to 4 days after ischemia. Two days after I/R injury to kidney, the numbers of DCs differentiated from PBMo, IL-12 production by DCs, expression of MHC-II (IA), and IFN-gamma production by DC-stimulated T cells were significantly increased in the I/R injured group (compared to the sham-operated group). After 14 days of reperfusion, there was no between-group differences in the numbers of DCs derived from PBMo, MLR, expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC-II (IA), and production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4.

CONCLUSIONS

The increases seen at 2 days of reperfusion may reflect a preparatory step in the renal I/R injury pathway. The relationship between up-regulation of DC differentiation and ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) remains to be elucidated.