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Zhuang Y, Yu ML, Lu SF. Purinergic signaling in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:229-243. [PMID: 35254594 PMCID: PMC9984618 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purines and their derivatives, extensively distributed in the body, act as a class of extracellular signaling molecules via a rich array of receptors, also known as purinoceptors (P1, P2X, and P2Y). They mediate multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and participate in various physiological and pathological cell behaviors. Since the function in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), this review summarized the involvement of purinergic signal transduction in diversified pathological processes, including energy metabolism disorder, oxidative stress injury, calcium overload, inflammatory immune response, platelet aggregation, coronary vascular dysfunction, and cell necrosis and apoptosis. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that purinergic signaling also mediates the prevention and treatment of MIRI, such as ischemic conditioning, pharmacological intervention, and some other therapies. In conclusion, this review exhibited that purinergic signaling mediates the complex processes of MIRI which shows its promising application and prospecting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian-lin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian-lin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Lu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian-lin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Cardiovascular adenosine receptors: Expression, actions and interactions. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:92-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Production of adenosine by ectonucleotidases: a key factor in tumor immunoescape. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:473712. [PMID: 23133312 PMCID: PMC3481458 DOI: 10.1155/2012/473712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that tumor immunosurveillance contributes to the control of cancer growth. Many mechanisms can be used by cancer cells to avoid the antitumor immune response. One such mechanism relies on the capacity of cancer cells or more generally of the tumor microenvironment to generate adenosine, a major molecule involved in antitumor T cell response suppression. Adenosine is generated by the dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP released by dying tumor cells. The conversion of ATP into adenosine is mediated by ectonucleotidase molecules, namely, CD73 and CD39. These molecules are frequently expressed in the tumor bed by a wide range of cells including tumor cells, regulatory T cells, Th17 cells, myeloid cells, and stromal cells. Recent evidence suggests that targeting adenosine by inhibiting ectonucleotidases may restore the resident antitumor immune response or enhance the efficacy of antitumor therapies. This paper will underline the impact of adenosine and ectonucleotidases on the antitumor response.
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Teng B, Mustafa SJ. A(2A) adenosine receptor-mediated increase in coronary flow in hyperlipidemic APOE-knockout mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2011; 2011:59-68. [PMID: 21847356 PMCID: PMC3155850 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s18945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-induced coronary vasodilation is predominantly A2A adenosine receptor (AR)-mediated, whereas A1 AR is known to negatively modulate the coronary flow (CF). However, the coronary responses to adenosine in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis are not well understood. Using hyperlipidemic/atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (APOE)–knockout mice, CF responses to nonspecific adenosine agonist (5′-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine, NECA) and specific adenosine agonists (2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine [CCPA, A1 AR-specific] and CGS-21680, A2A AR-specific) were assessed using isolated Langendorff hearts. Western blot analysis was performed in the aorta from APOE and their wild-type (WT) control (C57BL/6J). Baseline CF (expressed as mL/min/g heart weight) was not different among WT (13.23 ± 3.58), APOE (13.22 ± 2.78), and APOE on high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (APOE-HFD, 12.37 ± 4.76). Concentration response curves induced by CGS-21680 were significantly shifted to the left in APOE and APOE-HFD when compared with WT. CCPA induced an increase in CF only at 10−6 M in all groups and the effect was reversed by the addition of a selective A2A AR antagonist, SCH-58261 (10−6 M), and a significant decrease in CF from baseline was observed. Western blot analysis showed a significant upregulation of A2A AR in the aorta from APOE and APOE-HFD. This study provides the first evidence that CF responses to A2A AR stimulation were upregulated in hyperlipidemic/atherosclerotic animals. The speculation is that the use of A2A AR-specific agonist for myocardial perfusion imaging (such as regadenoson) could overestimate the coronary reserve in coronary artery disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunyen Teng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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5
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Nagy A. Potential influence of the pericardial space on myocardial function: Cardiac interactions of adenosine and endothelin-1. Interv Med Appl Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/imas.3.2011.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) play an important role in the regulation of myocardial functions. The pericardial fluid accumulates these regulatory agents and reflects well their levels in the myocardial interstitium. The aim was to investigate the interaction and cardiovascular effects of ADO and ET-1 evoked from the pericardial space, determine the pericardial elimination of intrapericardially applied adenosine and its first metabolite, inosine (INO) and observe their effects on the cardiovascular function compared to their intravenous administration. The present studies were performed on in situ dog heart using the closed pericardium model. Significant increase of the pericardial concentrations of adenine nucleosides (adenosine and inosine) after intrapericardial administration of ET-1 has been found. Regarding the adenine nucleosides-ET-1 interaction, we have demonstrated ET-1 liberation after intrapericardial administration of adenine nucleosides. The present study confirmed significantly slower elimination of adenine nucleosides in the pericardial space than in the systemic circulation. In conclusion, characteristic cardiovascular effect and bidirectional interaction of adenine nucleosides and ET-1 could be provoked by and detected in the pericardial space, reflecting parallel changes in the myocardial interstitium. The low pericardial turnover rate of adenine nucleosides may offer the opportunity of utilizing their multiple beneficial effects for local pharmaco-therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nagy
- 1 Heart Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca 68, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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El-Awady MS, Ansari HR, Fil D, Tilley SL, Mustafa SJ. NADPH oxidase pathway is involved in aortic contraction induced by A3 adenosine receptor in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:711-7. [PMID: 21606175 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) subunits 1, 2 (gp91 phox), and 4 are the major sources for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular tissues. In conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion and hypoxia, both ROS and adenosine are released, suggesting a possible interaction. Our aim in this study was to examine the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR)-induced vascular effects and its relation to ROS and Nox1, 2, and 4 using aortic tissues from wild-type (WT) and A(3)AR knockout (A(3)KO) mice. The selective A(3)AR agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IBMECA) (10(-10)-10(-5) M) induced contraction of the aorta from WT but not from A(3)KO mice, and this contraction was inhibited by the Nox inhibitor apocynin (10(-5) M) and the ROS scavengers superoxide dismutase-polyethylene glycol and catalase-polyethylene glycol (100 U/ml each). Cl-IBMECA-induced contraction was not affected by the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 (100 μg/ml) or the stabilizer cromolyn sodium (10(-4) M). In addition, Cl-IBMECA (10(-7) M) increased intracellular ROS generation by 35 ± 14% in WT but not in A(3)KO aorta, and this increase was inhibited by apocynin (10(-5) M), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (10(-5) M), and the A(3)AR antagonist 3-propyl-6-ethyl-5-[(ethylthio)carbonyl]-2 phenyl-4-propyl-3-pyridine carboxylate (MRS1523) (10(-5) M). Furthermore, Cl-IBMECA selectively increased the protein expression of the Nox2 subunit by 150 ± 15% in WT but not in A(3)KO mice without affecting either Nox1 or 4, and this increase was inhibited by apocynin. The mRNA of Nox2 was unchanged by Cl-IBMECA in either WT or A(3)KO aortas. In conclusion, A(3)AR enhances ROS generation, possibly through activation of Nox2, with subsequent contraction of the mouse aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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7
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Headrick JP, Peart JN, Reichelt ME, Haseler LJ. Adenosine and its receptors in the heart: regulation, retaliation and adaptation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1413-28. [PMID: 21094127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purine nucleoside adenosine is an important regulator within the cardiovascular system, and throughout the body. Released in response to perturbations in energy state, among other stimuli, local adenosine interacts with 4 adenosine receptor sub-types on constituent cardiac and vascular cells: A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)ARs. These G-protein coupled receptors mediate varied responses, from modulation of coronary flow, heart rate and contraction, to cardioprotection, inflammatory regulation, and control of cell growth and tissue remodeling. Research also unveils an increasingly complex interplay between members of the adenosine receptor family, and with other receptor groups. Given generally favorable effects of adenosine receptor activity (e.g. improving the balance between myocardial energy utilization and supply, limiting injury and adverse remodeling, suppressing inflammation), the adenosine receptor system is an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation. Cardiovascular adenosine receptor-based therapies are already in place, and trials of new treatments underway. Although the complex interplay between adenosine receptors and other receptors, and their wide distribution and functions, pose challenges to implementation of site/target specific cardiovascular therapy, the potential of adenosinergic pharmacotherapy can be more fully realized with greater understanding of the roles of adenosine receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. This review addresses some of the major known and proposed actions of adenosine and adenosine receptors in the heart and vessels, focusing on the ability of the adenosine receptor system to regulate cell function, retaliate against injurious stressors, and mediate longer-term adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Headrick
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport QLD, Australia.
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8
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Reichelt ME, Shanu A, Willems L, Witting PK, Ellis NA, Blackburn MR, Headrick JP. Endogenous adenosine selectively modulates oxidant stress via the A1 receptor in ischemic hearts. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2641-50. [PMID: 19552606 PMCID: PMC2861535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We tested the impact of A1 adenosine receptor (AR) deletion on injury and oxidant damage in mouse hearts subjected to 25-min ischemia/45-min reperfusion (I/R). Wild-type hearts recovered approximately 50% of contractile function and released 8.2 +/- 0.7 IU/g of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A1AR deletion worsened dysfunction and LDH efflux (15.2 +/- 2.6 IU/g). Tissue cholesterol and native cholesteryl esters were unchanged, whereas cholesteryl ester-derived lipid hydroperoxides and hydroxides (CE-O(O)H; a marker of lipid oxidation) increased threefold, and alpha-tocopherylquinone [alpha-TQ; oxidation product of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH)] increased sixfold. Elevations in alpha-TQ were augmented by two- to threefold by A1AR deletion, whereas CE-O(O)H was unaltered. A(1)AR deletion also decreased glutathione redox status ([GSH]/[GSSG + GSH]) and enhanced expression of the antioxidant response element heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during I/R: fourfold elevations in HO-1 mRNA and activity were doubled by A1AR deletion. Broad-spectrum AR agonism (10 microM 2-chloroadenosine; 2-CAD) countered effects of A1AR deletion on oxidant damage, HO-1, and tissue injury, indicating that additional ARs (A(2A), A(2B), and/or A3) can mediate similar actions. These data reveal that local adenosine engages A1ARs during I/R to limit oxidant damage and enhance outcome selectively. Control of alpha-TOH/alpha-TQ levels may contribute to A1AR-dependent cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Reichelt
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith University , Southport, Queensland, Australia.
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Comparison of Elimination and Cardiovascular Effects of Adenine Nucleosides Administered Intrapericardially or Intravenously in Anesthetized Dog. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 54:341-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181b7674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Rork TH, Wallace KL, Kennedy DP, Marshall MA, Lankford AR, Linden J. Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces infarct size in the isolated, perfused mouse heart by inhibiting resident cardiac mast cell degranulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1825-33. [PMID: 18757481 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.495.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are found in the heart and contribute to reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia. Since the activation of A2A adenosine receptors (A2AARs) inhibits reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that ATL146e (a selective A2AAR agonist) might protect hearts in part by reducing cardiac mast cell degranulation. Hearts were isolated from five groups of congenic mice: A2AAR+/+ mice, A2AAR(-/-) mice, mast cell-deficient (Kit(W-sh/W-sh)) mice, and chimeric mice prepared by transplanting bone marrow from A2AAR(-/-) or A2AAR+/+ mice to radiation-ablated A2AAR+/+ mice. Six weeks after bone marrow transplantation, cardiac mast cells were repopulated with >90% donor cells. In isolated, perfused hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury, ATL146e or CGS-21680 (100 nmol/l) decreased infarct size (IS; percent area at risk) from 38 +/- 2% to 24 +/- 2% and 22 +/- 2% in ATL146e- and CGS-21680-treated hearts, respectively (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced mast cell degranulation, measured as tryptase release into reperfusion buffer. These changes were absent in A2AAR(-/-) hearts and in hearts from chimeric mice with A2AAR(-/-) bone marrow. Vehicle-treated Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice had lower IS (11 +/- 3%) than WT mice, and ATL146e had no significant protective effect (16 +/- 3%). These data suggest that in ex vivo, buffer-perfused hearts, mast cell degranulation contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, our data suggest that A2AAR activation is cardioprotective in the isolated heart, at least in part by attenuating resident mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler H Rork
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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11
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Ribé D, Sawbridge D, Thakur S, Hussey M, Ledent C, Kitchen I, Hourani S, Li JM. Adenosine A2A receptor signaling regulation of cardiac NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1433-42. [PMID: 18206127 PMCID: PMC2889612 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissues express constitutively an NADPH oxidase, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is involved in redox signaling. Myocardial metabolism generates abundant adenosine, which binds to its receptors and plays important roles in cardiac function. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has been found to be expressed in cardiac myocytes and coronary endothelial cells. However, the role of the A2AR in the regulation of cardiac ROS production remains unknown. We found that knockout of A2AR significantly decreased (39+/-8%) NADPH-dependent O2- production in mouse hearts compared to age (10 weeks)-matched wild-type controls. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in Nox2 (a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase) protein expression, and down-regulation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation (all P<0.05). In wild-type mice, intraperitoneal injection of the selective A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (3-10 mg/kg body weight for 90 min) inhibited phosphorylation of p47phox (a regulatory subunit of Nox2), which was accompanied by a down-regulated cardiac ROS production (48+/-8%), and decreased JNK and ERK1/2 activation by 54+/-28% (all P<0.05). In conclusion, A2AR through MAPK signaling regulates p47phox phosphorylation and cardiac ROS production by NADPH oxidase. Modulation of A2AR activity may have potential therapeutic applications in controlling ROS production by NADPH oxidase in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ribé
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - David Sawbridge
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sapna Thakur
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Martin Hussey
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Ian Kitchen
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Susanna Hourani
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- Cardiovascular Research, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Corresponding author. (J.-M. Li)
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Löffler M, Morote-Garcia JC, Eltzschig SA, Coe IR, Eltzschig HK. Physiological roles of vascular nucleoside transporters. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1004-13. [PMID: 17332491 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.106.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside transporters (NTs) comprise 2 widely expressed families, the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (diffusion-limited channels) and concentrative nucleoside transporters (sodium-dependent transporters). Because of their anatomic position at the blood-tissue interface, vascular NTs are in an ideal position to influence vascular nucleoside levels, particularly adenosine, which among others plays an important role in tissue protection during acute injury. For example, endothelial NTs contribute to preserving the vascular integrity during conditions of limited oxygen availability (hypoxia). Indeed, hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent repression of NTs results in enhanced extracellular adenosine signaling and thus attenuates hypoxia-associated increases in vascular leakage. In addition, vascular NTs also contribute to cardiac ischemic preconditioning, coronary vasodilation, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Moreover, vascular nucleoside uptake via NTs is important for nucleoside recovery, particularly in cells lacking de novo nucleotide synthesis pathways (erythrocytes, leukocytes). Taken together, vascular NTs are critical in modulating adenosine-mediated responses during conditions such as inflammation or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Löffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Waldhörnle Str. 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany
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Lu J, Zhu SM, Zang WJ, Xu XL, Luo HL, Yu XJ, Wang SP, Kong SS, Wu J, Horie M, Sun L. Protective Mechanism of Adenosine to the Rat Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1206-11. [PMID: 17603154 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the in vitro effects of adenosine (Ado) on hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial dysfunction in rats. Endothelial dysfunction was induced by exposing isolated rat mesenteric arteries to hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM) for 12 h using an organ culture system. The protective effects of adenosine were tested by exposing isolated mesenteric arteries to adenosine (3 x 10(-7) mol/l, 10(-6) mol/l, 3 x 10(-6) mol/l)+hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM) for 12 h. This exposure to hydrogen peroxide induced a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). Coculture of segments of mesenteric artery with adenosine (3 x 10(-7), 10(-6), and 3 x 10(-6) mol/l) attenuated the hydrogen peroxide-induced impairment of vasorelaxation. This impairment was accompanied by a reduction in nitrite/nitrate, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and an increasing in malondislehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the aorta. These results indicate that adenosine can be used to attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial dysfunction, an effect that may be related to antioxidation, thus enhancing NO production by preventing the decrease in NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Wakeno M, Minamino T, Seguchi O, Okazaki H, Tsukamoto O, Okada KI, Hirata A, Fujita M, Asanuma H, Kim J, Komamura K, Takashima S, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M. Long-Term Stimulation of Adenosine A2b Receptors Begun After Myocardial Infarction Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Rats. Circulation 2006; 114:1923-32. [PMID: 17043167 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.630087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Adenosine inhibits proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, both of which may play crucial roles in cardiac remodeling. In the present study, we investigated whether chronic stimulation of adenosine receptors begun after myocardial infarction (MI) prevents cardiac remodeling.
Methods and Results—
MI was produced in Wistar rats by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. One week after the onset of MI, animals were randomized into 8 groups: vehicle, dipyridamole (DIP; the adenosine uptake inhibitor, 50 mg/kg), 2-chroloadenosine (CADO; the stable analogue of adenosine, 2 mg/kg), and CADO in the presence of the nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (8-SPT) or the selective antagonist for adenosine A1, A2a, A2b, or A3 receptor. Three weeks after treatment, hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in the DIP and CADO groups were significantly improved compared with the vehicle group. These hemodynamic and echocardiographic improvements were blunted by either 8-SPT or the selective adenosine A2b antagonist MRS1754 but not by the selective antagonists for other subtypes of adenosine receptors. The collagen volume fraction was smaller, and gene expression of the molecules associated with cardiac remodeling such as matrix metalloproteinase in noninfarcted areas was reduced in the DIP and CADO groups compared with the vehicle group, both of which were attenuated by either 8-SPT or MRS1754.
Conclusions—
Long-term stimulation of adenosine A2b receptors begun after MI attenuates cardiac fibrosis in the noninfarcted myocardium and improves cardiac function. Drugs that stimulate adenosine A2b receptors or increase adenosine levels are new candidates for preventing cardiac remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Wakeno
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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