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Yassaghi Y, Jeddi S, Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Long-term inorganic nitrate administration protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in female rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37605135 PMCID: PMC10441752 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The favorable effects of nitrate against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) have primarily focused on male rats and in short term. Here we determine the impact of long-term nitrate intervention on baseline cardiac function and the resistance to MIRI in female rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into untreated and nitrate-treated (100 mg/L sodium nitrate in drinking water for 9 months) groups (n = 14/group). At intervention end, levels of serum progesterone, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), heart NOx concentration, and mRNA expressions of NO synthase isoforms (NOS), i.e., endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS), were measured. Isolated hearts were exposed to ischemia, and cardiac function indices (CFI) recorded. When the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) period ended, infarct size, NO metabolites, eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS expression were measured. RESULTS Nitrate-treated rats had higher serum progesterone (29.8%, P = 0.013), NOx (31.6%, P = 0.035), and higher heart NOx (60.2%, P = 0.067), nitrite (131%, P = 0.018), and eNOS expression (200%, P = 0.005). Nitrate had no significant effects on baseline CFI but it increased recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP, 19%, P = 0.020), peak rate of positive (+ dp/dt, 16%, P = 0.006) and negative (-dp/dt, 14%, P = 0.014) changes in left ventricular pressure and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP, 17%, P < 0.001) and infarct size (34%, P < 0.001). After the IR, the two groups had significantly different heart nitrite, nitrate, NOx, and eNOS and iNOS mRNA expressions. CONCLUSIONS Long-term nitrate intervention increased the resistance to MIRI in female rats; this was associated with increased heart eNOS expression and circulating progesterone before ischemia and blunting ischemia-induced increased iNOS and decreased eNOS after MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Yassaghi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Leukocyte Response Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159201. [PMID: 35954552 PMCID: PMC9368082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the menstrual cycle (MC) on leukocyte response after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). During the early follicular (E-FP, n = 12) or mid-luteal phase (M-LP, n = 12), 24 untrained females with eumenorrhea performed 60 eccentric exercises using nondominant arms. Blood samples were collected at pre- and 4, 48, and 96 h postexercise to analyze estradiol and progesterone concentrations, leukocyte count and fractionation, and creatine kinase (CK) activity. We also assessed the maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque of elbow flexion, range of motion in the elbow joint, upper-arm circumference, and muscle soreness as indirect muscle damage markers at pre-; immediately post-; and 4, 48, and 96 h postexercise. The percent change in neutrophil counts from pre- to 4 h postexercise was lower in M-LP than in E-FP (E-FP, 30.7% [15.9–65.7%] vs. M-LP, 10.3% [−2.3–30.0%]; median [interquartile range: 25–75%]; p = 0.068). Progesterone concentration at pre-exercise was significantly negatively correlated with the percent change in neutrophil counts from pre- to 4 h postexercise in M-LP (r = −0.650, p = 0.022). MC did not affect CK activity or other muscle damage markers. Thus, progesterone concentration rather than MC may be related to neutrophil response following EIMD.
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Dhote V, Mandloi AS, Singour PK, Kawadkar M, Ganeshpurkar A, Jadhav MP. Neuroprotective effects of combined trimetazidine and progesterone on cerebral reperfusion injury. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100108. [PMID: 35602337 PMCID: PMC9118508 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induces multi-dimensional damage to neuronal cells through exacerbation of critical protective mechanisms. Targeting more than one mechanism simultaneously namely, inflammatory responses and metabolic energy homeostasis could provide additional benefits to restrict or manage cerebral injury. Being proven neuroprotective agents both, progesterone (PG) and trimetazidine (TMZ) has the potential to add on the individual therapeutic outcomes. We hypothesized the simultaneous administration of PG and TMZ could complement each other to synergize, or at least enhance neuroprotection in reperfusion injury. We investigated the combination of PG and TMZ on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced cerebral reperfusion injury in rats. Molecular docking on targets of energy homeostasis and apoptosis assessed the initial viability of PG and TMZ for neuroprotection. Animal experimentation with MCA induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats was performed on five randomized groups. Sham operated control group received vehicle (saline) while the other four I-R groups were pre-treated with vehicle (saline), PG (8 mg/kg), TMZ treated (25 mg/kg), and PG + TMZ (8 and 25 mg/kg) for 7 days by intraperitoneal route. Neurological deficit, infarct volume, and oxidative stress were evaluated to assess the extent of injury in rats. Inflammatory reactivity and apoptotic activity were determined with alterations in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and DNA fragments. Reperfusion injury inflicted cerebral infarct, neurological deficit, and shattered BBB integrity. The combination treatment of PG and TMZ restricted cellular damage indicated by significant (p < 0.05) decrease in infarct volume and improvement in free radical scavenging ability (SOD activity and GSH level). MPO activity and LPO decreased which contributed in improved BBB integrity in treated rats. We speculate that inhibition of inflammatory and optimum energy utilization would critically contribute to observed neuroprotection with combined PG and TMZ treatment. Further exploration of this neuroprotective approach for post-recovery cognitive improvement is worth investigating. Molecular docking study. Drug repurposing. Combinatorial approach. Network Pharmacology.
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Kaya ST, Agan K, Fulden-Agan A, Agyar-Yoldas P, Ozarslan TO, Kekecoglu M, Kaya A. Protective effect of propolis on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in males and ovariectomized females but not in intact females. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14109. [PMID: 35142377 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis, which may have estrogenic effects, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury not only in male rats but also in intact and ovariectomized (ovx) female rats. Six groups were formed: untreated males (n = 8), treated males (n = 9), untreated intact females (n = 9), treated intact females (n = 10), untreated ovx females (n = 10), and treated ovx females (n = 8). An alcoholic extract of a single dose of propolis (200 mg/kg) was administered orally daily for 14 days. Thirty minutes of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion were performed. Blood pressure, heart rate, arrhythmias (ventricular premature contraction [VPC], ventricular tachycardia [VT], ventricular fibrillation [VF]), and myocardial infarct size were evaluated. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were measured. The untreated females showed more resistance to mI/R injury than the untreated males, as evidenced by lower duration, incidence, and score of arrhythmias, and smaller infarct size (p < .05). After ovx, this resistance disappeared. Propolis improved these values in treated males and treated ovx females (p < .05). Propolis increased TAS in treated males and decreased TOS in treated ovx females as well as elevated SOD in all treated groups (p < .05). Propolis decreased E2 level in treated intact females; however, it increased E2 level in treated ovx females (p < .05). The results revealed that propolis could protect the heart against mI/R injury in males and ovx females. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is known that the female heart has an increased sensitivity to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury due to estrogen deficiency and/or estrogen deprivation following menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries. Propolis has the potential to mimic estrogen under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as its antioxidant property. The results indicated that propolis decreased myocardial infarct size, arrhythmia score, arrhythmia duration, and incidence in ovariectomized female rats and male rats. In addition, the present results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of propolis as a natural product can effectively maintain the resistance of female heart to mI/R injury after estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Tunc Kaya
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Kagan Agan
- Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Aydan Fulden-Agan
- Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Pınar Agyar-Yoldas
- Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Talat Ogulcan Ozarslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.,Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Adnan Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Ntawubizi M, Raes K, De Smet S. Genetic parameter estimates for plasma oxidative status traits in slaughter pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5677520. [PMID: 31837222 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sex and to estimate genetic parameters for several traits related to plasma oxidative status in slaughter pigs, i.e., ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), concentrations of α-tocopherol and malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Blood samples were collected at slaughter from 477 Piétrain × (Landrace × Large White intercross) pigs of 2 performance test stations. Heritabilities (±SE) of plasma oxidative status traits as well as their phenotypic and additive genetic correlations with animal performance traits were estimated with multiple-trait REML animal models using VCE software. Results displayed no significant difference between barrows and gilts for FRAP and α-tocopherol in plasma. However, gilts had a significantly higher concentration of MDA and lower GPx activity compared with barrows. Heritability estimates were high for GPx (0.55 ± 0.05), and medium to low for α-tocopherol (0.30 ± 0.06), FRAP (0.22 ± 0.05), and MDA (0.15 ± 0.04). Estimated additive genetic and phenotypic correlations between these four traits were generally low, except for a negative additive genetic correlation between FRAP and GPx of -0.45 (±0.23). Additive genetic correlations between plasma oxidative status traits and animal performance traits were also generally absent or low with maximum values of ~0.3. Parameter estimates in this study have to be interpreted with caution because of the small size of the dataset. Nevertheless, it may be concluded that there is considerable additive genetic variance for plasma oxidative status traits in slaughter pigs. More research is warranted on the genetic determination of oxidative stress in farm animals and its relevance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ntawubizi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare, Rwanda
| | - Katleen Raes
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Lauro FV, Francisco DC, Marcela RN, Virginia MA, Alejandra GEE, Maria LR, Lenin HH, Yaritza BB, Jhair CT. Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Bis-steroid-Methanocyclobutanaphthalene- dione Derivative against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Calcium Channel Activation. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:393-412. [PMID: 31580254 PMCID: PMC7579317 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666191003152854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some experimental data on the effect exerted by some steroid derivatives against ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, the molecular mechanism is very confusing, perhaps this phenomenon could be due to the protocols used and/or differences in the chemical structure of each one of the steroid derivatives. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to synthesize a new bis-steroid-methanocyclobutanaphthalene- dione derivative using some tools chemical. METHODOLOGY The biological activity exerted by the bis-steroid-methanocyclobutanaphthalene- dione derivative against ischemia/reperfusion injury was evaluated in an isolated heart model using noradrenaline, milrinone, dobutamine, levosimendan, and Bay-K- 8644 as controls. In addition, other alternative experiments were carried out to evaluate the biological activity induced by the bis-steroid-methanocyclobuta-naphthalene-dione derivative against left ventricular pressure in the absence or presence of nifedipine. RESULTS The results showed that 1) the bis-steroid-methanocyclobuta-naphthalene-dione derivative significantly decreases the ischemia-reperfusion injury translated as a decrease in the the infarct area in a similar manner to levosimendan drug; 2) both bis-steroidmethanocyclobuta- naphthalene-dione and Bay-K-8644 increase the left ventricular pressure and 3) the biological activity exerted by bis-steroid-methanocyclobuta-naphthalenedione derivative against left ventricular pressure is inhibited by nifedipine. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the bis-steroid-methanocyclobuta-naphthalene-dione derivative decreases the area of infarction and increases left ventricle pressure via calcium channels activation; this phenomenon could constitute a new therapy for ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figueroa-Valverde Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista C.P.24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Diaz-Cedillo Francisco
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prol, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Col. Santo Tomas, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela
- Facultad de Nutricion, Universidad Veracruzana, Medicos y Odontologos s/n, 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Mateu-Armand Virginia
- Facultad de Nutricion, Universidad Veracruzana, Medicos y Odontologos s/n, 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Lopez-Ramos Maria
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista C.P.24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Hau-Heredia Lenin
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista C.P.24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Borges-Ballote Yaritza
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista C.P.24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Cabrera-Tuz Jhair
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences of the University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista C.P.24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
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Chatterjee S, Chaubal R, Maitra A, Gardi N, Dutt A, Gupta S, Badwe RA, Majumder PP, Pandey P. Pre-operative progesterone benefits operable breast cancer patients by modulating surgical stress. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 170:431-438. [PMID: 29564740 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have reported a survival benefit of single injection of hydroxyprogesterone prior to surgery for primary tumour in patients with node-positive operable breast cancer. Hydroxyprogesterone was meant to recapitulate the luteal phase of menstrual cycle in these women. We wanted to understand the molecular basis of action of hydroxyprogesterone on primary breast tumours in a peri-operative setting. METHODS We performed whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) of primary breast tumour samples collected from patients before and after hydroxyprogesterone exposure and controls. Paired breast cancer samples were obtained from patients who were given hydroxyprogesterone before surgery and a group of patients who were subjected to only surgery. RESULTS A test of significance between the two groups revealed 207 significantly altered genes, after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. We found significantly contrasting gene expression patterns in exposed versus unexposed groups; 142 genes were up-regulated post-surgery among exposed patients, and down-regulated post-surgery among unexposed patients. Significantly enriched pathways included genes that respond to progesterone, cellular stress, nonsense-mediated decay of proteins and negative regulation of inflammatory response. These results suggest that cellular stress is modulated by hydroxyprogesterone. Network analysis revealed that UBC, a mediator of stress response, to be a major node to which many of the significantly altered genes connect. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that pre-operative exposure to progesterone favourably modulates the effect of surgical stress, and this might underlie its beneficial effect when administered prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshee Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Rohan Chaubal
- Tata Memorial Centre/Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Tata Memorial Centre/Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- Tata Memorial Centre/Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Tata Memorial Centre/Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Rajendra A Badwe
- Tata Memorial Centre/Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India.
| | - Priyanka Pandey
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India.
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El-Lakany MA, Fouda MA, El-Gowelli HM, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. Gonadal hormone receptors underlie the resistance of female rats to inflammatory and cardiovascular complications of endotoxemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:41-48. [PMID: 29382531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The male gender is more vulnerable to immunological complications of sepsis. Here, we tested the hypotheses that female rats are protected against endotoxemia-evoked hypotension and cardiac autonomic dysfunction, and that gonadal hormone receptors account for such protection. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac sympathovagal balance caused by i.v. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined. In male rats, LPS elevated serum TNFα together with falls in blood pressure and rises in heart rate. The spectral index of cardiac sympathovagal balance (low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, LF/HF) was reduced by LPS, suggesting an enhanced parasympathetic dominance. Remarkably, none of these LPS effects was evident in female rats. We also report that pretreatment of female rats with fulvestrant (nonselective estrogen receptor blocker), PHTPP (estrogen receptor β blocker), or mifepristone (progesterone receptor blocker) uncovered clear inflammatory (increased serum TNFα), hypotensive and tachycardic responses to LPS. However, these female rats, contrary to their male counterparts, exhibited increases in LF/HF ratio. On the other hand, LPS failed to modify inflammatory or cardiovascular states in rats pretreated with MPP (estrogen receptor α blocker). In females treated with formestane (aromatase inhibitor), LPS increased LF/HF ratio but had no effect on blood pressure. In male rats, the hypotensive and cardiac autonomic effects of LPS were (i) eliminated after treatment with estrogen, and (ii) intensified and inhibited, respectively, in flutamide (androgen receptor blocker)-pretreated rats. These findings highlight important roles for female gonadal hormones and functional estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptors in offsetting inflammatory and cardiovascular derangements caused by endotoxemia in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A El-Lakany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Gowelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Keshavarzi Z, Mohebbati R, Mohammadzadeh N, Alikhani V. THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ESTRADIOL & PROGESTERONE IN MALE RATS, FOLLOWING GASTRIC ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2018; 14:30-35. [PMID: 31149233 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury frequently occurs in different situations. Female sex hormones have a protective function. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of female sexual hormones on the gastric damage induced by I/R in male rats. Methods Forty (40) Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: intact, ischemia- reperfusion (IR), IR + estradiol (1mg/kg), IR + progesterone (16 mg / kg) and IR + combination of estradiol (1mg / kg) and progesterone (16 mg/ kg). Before the onset of ischemia and before reperfusion all treatments were done by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. After animal anesthesia and laparotomy, celiac artery was occluded for 30 minutes and then circulation was established for 24 hours. Results expressed as mean ± SEM and P <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The Glutathione (GSH) concentration significantly decreased after induction of gastric IR (P<0.001). Estradiol (P<0.001) and combined estradiol and progesterone (P<0.001) significantly increased GSH levels. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration significantly increased after induction of gastric IR (P<0.001). Different treatments significantly reduced MPO levels (P<0.001). The gastric acid concentration significantly increased after induction of gastric IR (P<0.001). Treatment with estradiol, progesterone (P<0.05) and combined estradiol and progesterone (P<0.01) significantly reduced gastric acid levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration decreased after induction of gastric IR. The SOD levels were not significant. Conclusion These data suggested that female sexual steroids have a therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal ischemic disorders by reduction of MPO and gastric acid, and increasing gastric GSH & SOD levels following gastric IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Keshavarzi
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - R Mohebbati
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - V Alikhani
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ma J, Hong K, Wang HS. Progesterone Protects Against Bisphenol A-Induced Arrhythmias in Female Rat Cardiac Myocytes via Rapid Signaling. Endocrinology 2017; 158:778-790. [PMID: 28324061 PMCID: PMC5460806 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that has a range of potential adverse health effects. Previously we showed that acute exposure to BPA promoted arrhythmias in female rat hearts through estrogen receptor rapid signaling. Progesterone (P4) and estrogen have antagonistic or complementary actions in a number of tissues and systems. In the current study, we examined the influence and possible protective effect of P4 on the rapid cardiac actions of BPA in female rat cardiac myocytes. Preincubation with physiological concentration (1 nM) of P4 abolished BPA-induced triggered activities in female cardiac myocytes. Further, P4 abrogated BPA-induced alterations in Ca2+ handling, including elevated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and Ca2+ load. Key to the inhibitory effect of P4 is its blockade of BPA-induced increase in the phosphorylation of phospholamban. At myocyte and protein levels, these inhibitory actions of P4 were blocked by pretreatment with the nuclear P4 receptor (nPR) antagonist RU486. Analysis using membrane-impermeable bovine serum albumin-conjugated P4 suggested that the actions of P4 were mediated by membrane-initiated signaling. Inhibitory G (Gi) protein and phophoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), but not tyrosine protein kinase activation, were involved in the observed effects of P4. In conclusion, P4 exerts an acute protective effect against BPA-induced arrhythmogenesis in female cardiac myocytes through nPR and the Gi/PI3K signaling pathway. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of EDCs in the context of native hormonals and may provide potential therapeutic strategies for protection against the cardiac toxicities associated with BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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Yuan XH, Fan YY, Yang CR, Gao XR, Zhang LL, Hu Y, Wang YQ, Jun H. Progesterone amplifies oxidative stress signal and promotes NO production via H2O2 in mouse kidney arterial endothelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:104-11. [PMID: 26462682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of progesterone on the cardiovascular system is controversial. Our present research is to specify the effect of progesterone on arterial endothelial cells in response to oxidative stress. Our result showed that H2O2 (150 μM and 300 μM) induced cellular antioxidant response. Glutathione (GSH) production and the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased in H2O2-treated group. The expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) was induced in response to H2O2. However, progesterone absolutely abolished the antioxidant response through increasing ROS level, inhibiting the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), decreasing GSH level and reducing expression of GClC and GCLM. In our study, H2O2 induced nitrogen monoxide (NO) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, and progesterone promoted H2O2-induced NO production. Progesterone increased H2O2-induced expression of hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIFα) which in turn regulated eNOS expression and NO synthesis. Further study demonstrated that progesterone increased H2O2 concentration of culture medium which may contribute to NO synthesis. Exogenous GSH decreased the content of H2O2 of culture medium pretreated by progesterone combined with H2O2 or progesterone alone. GSH also inhibited expression of HIFα and eNOS, and abolished NO synthesis. Collectively, our study demonstrated for the first time that progesterone inhibited cellular antioxidant effect and increased oxidative stress, promoted NO production of arterial endothelial cells, which may be due to the increasing H2O2 concentration and amplified oxidative stress signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yuan
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China; Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yang-Yang Fan
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Chun-Rong Yang
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Gao
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
| | - Hu Jun
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
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Aksoy AN, Toker A, Celık M, Aksoy M, Halıcı Z, Aksoy H. The effect of progesterone on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the rat model of sepsis. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 46:622-6. [PMID: 25538334 PMCID: PMC4264078 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.144922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the protective effect of progesterone on inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of sepsis created by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Overiectomy group (OVX), sham operated (control), sepsis (CLP) group and progesterone-treated CLP group (CLP+ progesterone). The rats in CLP+ progesterone group received intraperitoneal progesterone (2 mg/kg). Cardiac blood samples were obtained for the measurement levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Tissue samples, including liver, kidney and uterus of rats were prepared to determine activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS Increased serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were found in the CLP group in comparison with the control group (P = 0.01, P = 0.02; respectively). In CLP+ progesterone group, mean MDA concentration of kidney tissue was significantly lower than in CLP group (P = 0.003). Liver MDA concentration of the CLP+ progesterone group was not significantly different from that of the control group. While there were no significant differences among groups regarding liver MPO; in the CLP group, MPO activity in kidney (P = 0.02) and uterine tissues (P = 0.03) were found to be significantly higher compared to the control group. In CLP+ progesterone group, mean MPO activities of all tissues were not different than those of control group. The uterine tissue GPx activity in the CLP+ progesterone group was not statistically significantly different from control group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that progesterone ameliorates sepsis syndrome by reduction of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and by restoration of antioxidant enzyme activities in some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Aksoy
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Nenehatun Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aysun Toker
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Celık
- Department of Biochemistry, Goverment Hospital of Oltu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aksoy
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halıcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hulya Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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13
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Ghanbari M, Jeddi S, Bagheripuor F, Ghasemi A. The effect of maternal hypothyroidism on cardiac function and tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in offspring male and female rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:915-22. [PMID: 25823371 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence indicates that intrauterine evolution disturbance can contribute to myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury; in addition, thyroid hormones (THs) have a crucial role in the development of different systems during fetal life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TH deficiency during fetal life on tolerance of isolated heart to ischemia during adulthood in both genders. METHODS Hypothyroidism was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by administrating 0.025 % 6-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water throughout pregnancy. Offspring of rats with maternal hypothyroidism (MH) and control groups were tested in adulthood. Isolated hearts were perfused with Langendorff setup and exposed to 30 min of ischemia, followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Baseline values of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR), and peak rates of positive and negative changes in left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt) were recorded. RESULTS In the MH groups the baseline levels of LVDP (male: 23 %, female: 33 %), HR (male: 31 %, female: 26 %), and ±dp/dt were significantly (p < 0.01) lower, compared to controls. After ischemia, hearts from male rats with MH had less tolerance to IR injury as assessed in terms of reductions in recovery of hemodynamic parameters compared to controls, while in female rats there were no significant differences between MH and controls. CONCLUSIONS MH decreases hemodynamic parameters in the heart of both male and female offspring in adulthood; in addition, hearts of male rats with MH show less tolerance to ischemia, compared to those of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Rattanasopa C, Phungphong S, Wattanapermpool J, Bupha-Intr T. Significant role of estrogen in maintaining cardiac mitochondrial functions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 147:1-9. [PMID: 25448746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to stress-induced myocardial damage is a significant concern in addition to decreased cardiac performance in postmenopausal females. To determine the potential mechanisms underlying myocardial vulnerability after deprivation of female sex hormones, cardiac mitochondrial function is determined in 10-week ovariectomized rats (OVX). Significant mitochondrial swelling in the heart of OVX rats is observed. This structural alteration can be prevented with either estrogen or progesterone supplementation. Using an isolated mitochondrial preparation, a decrease in ATP synthesis by complex I activation in an OVX rat is completely restored by estrogen, but not progesterone. At basal activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from the mitochondria is not affected by the ovariectomy. However, after incubated in the presence of either high Ca(2+) or antimycin-A, there is a significantly higher mitochondrial ROS production in the OVX sample compared to the control. This increased stress-induced ROS production is not observed in the preparation isolated from the hearts of OVX rats with estrogen or progesterone supplementation. However, deprivation of female sex hormones has no effect on the protein expression of electron transport chain complexes, mitofusin 2, or superoxide dismutase 2. Taken together, these findings suggest that female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, play significant regulatory roles in maintaining normal mitochondrial properties by stabilizing the structural assembly of mitochondria as well as attenuating mitochondrial ROS production. Estrogen, but not progesterone, also plays an important role in modulating mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Rattanasopa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Sukanya Phungphong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Jonggonnee Wattanapermpool
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Tepmanas Bupha-Intr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand.
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15
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Kalász J, Tóth EP, Bódi B, Fagyas M, Tóth A, Pal BH, Vari SG, Balog M, Blažetić S, Heffer M, Papp Z, Borbély A. Single acute stress-induced progesterone and ovariectomy alter cardiomyocyte contractile function in female rats. Croat Med J 2014; 55:239-49. [PMID: 24891282 PMCID: PMC4049214 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2014.55.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess how ovarian-derived sex hormones (in particular progesterone) modify the effects of single acute stress on the mechanical and biochemical properties of left ventricular cardiomyocytes in the rat. Methods Non-ovariectomized (control, n = 8) and ovariectomized (OVX, n = 8) female rats were kept under normal conditions or were exposed to stress (control-S, n = 8 and OVX-S, n = 8). Serum progesterone levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Left ventricular myocardial samples were used for isometric force measurements and protein analysis. Ca2+-dependent active force (Factive), Ca2+-independent passive force (Fpassive), and Ca2+-sensitivity of force production were determined in single, mechanically isolated, permeabilized cardiomyocytes. Stress- and ovariectomy-induced alterations in myofilament proteins (myosin-binding protein C [MyBP-C], troponin I [TnI], and titin) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis using protein and phosphoprotein stainings. Results Serum progesterone levels were significantly increased in stressed rats (control-S, 35.6 ± 4.8 ng/mL and OVX-S, 21.9 ± 4.0 ng/mL) compared to control (10 ± 2.9 ng/mL) and OVX (2.8 ± 0.5 ng/mL) groups. Factive was higher in the OVX groups (OVX, 25.9 ± 3.4 kN/m2 and OVX-S, 26.3 ± 3.0 kN/m2) than in control groups (control, 16.4 ± 1.2 kN/m2 and control-S, 14.4 ± 0.9 kN/m2). Regarding the potential molecular mechanisms, Factive correlated with MyBP-C phosphorylation, while myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity inversely correlated with serum progesterone levels when the mean values were plotted for all animal groups. Fpassive was unaffected by any treatment. Conclusion Stress increases ovary-independent synthesis and release of progesterone, which may regulate Ca2+-sensitivity of force production in left ventricular cardiomyocytes. Stress and female hormones differently alter Ca2+-dependent cardiomyocyte contractile force production, which may have pathophysiological importance during stress conditions affecting postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Attila Borbély
- Attila Borbély, University of Debrecen, Institute of Cardiology, Division of Clinical Physiology, Móricz Zsigmond krt. 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary,
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Bell JR, Bernasochi GB, Varma U, Raaijmakers AJA, Delbridge LMD. Sex and sex hormones in cardiac stress--mechanistic insights. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:124-35. [PMID: 23770428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Important sex differences in the onset and characteristics of cardiovascular disease are evident, yet the mechanistic details remain unresolved. Men are more susceptible to cardiovascular disease earlier in life, though younger women who have a cardiovascular event are more likely to experience adverse outcomes. Emerging evidence is prompting a re-examination of the conventional view that estrogen is protective and testosterone a liability. The heart expresses both androgen and estrogen receptors and is functionally responsive to circulating sex steroids. New evidence of cardiac aromatase expression indicates local estrogen production may also exert autocrine/paracrine actions in the heart. Cardiomyocyte contractility studies suggest testosterone and estrogen have contrasting inotropic actions, and modulate Ca(2+) handling and transient characteristics. Experimentally, sex differences are also evident in cardiac stress responses. Female hearts are generally less susceptible to acute ischemic damage and associated arrhythmias, and generally are more resistant to stress-induced hypertrophy and heart failure, attributed to the cardioprotective actions of estrogen. However, more recent data show that testosterone can also improve acute post-ischemic outcomes and facilitate myocardial function and survival in chronic post-infarction. The myocardial actions of sex steroids are complex and context dependent. A greater mechanistic understanding of the specific actions of systemic/local sex steroids in different cardiovascular disease states has potential to lead to the development of cardiac therapies targeted specifically for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bell
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Thomas P, Pang Y. Protective actions of progesterone in the cardiovascular system: potential role of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) in mediating rapid effects. Steroids 2013; 78:583-8. [PMID: 23357432 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protective functions of progesterone in the cardiovascular system have received little attention even though evidence has accumulated that progesterone lowers blood pressure, inhibits coronary hyperactivity and has powerful vasodilatory and natriuretic effects. One possible reason why potential beneficial actions of progesterone on cardiovascular functions have not been extensively studied is that divergent effects to those of progesterone have been observed in many clinical trials with synthetic progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate which are associated with increased risk of coronary disease. Evidence that progesterone exerts protective effects on cardiovascular functions is briefly reviewed. The finding that progesterone administration decreases blood vessel vasoconstriction in several animal models within a few minutes suggests that rapid, nongenomic progesterone mechanisms are of physiological importance in regulating vascular tone. Rapid activation of second messenger pathways by progesterone has been observed in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, resulting in alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and calcium influx, respectively. Both nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) and novel membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are candidates for the intermediaries in these rapid, cell-surface initiated progesterone actions in endothelial and smooth muscle vascular cells. PRs have been detected in both cell types. New data are presented showing mPRα, mPRβ and mPRγ are also present in human endothelial and smooth muscle vascular cells. Preliminary evidence suggests mPRs mediate rapid progestin signaling in these endothelial cells, resulting in down-regulation of cAMP production and increased nitric oxide synthesis. The role of mPRs in progesterone regulation of cardiovascular functions warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kolar
- Department of Developmental Cardiology; Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - B. Ostadal
- Department of Developmental Cardiology; Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
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19
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Karatepe O, Altiok M, Battal M, Kamali G, Kemik A, Aydin T, Karahan S. The effect of progesterone in the prevention of the chemically induced experimental colitis in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:23-9. [PMID: 22159435 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of progesterone on an experimental colitis model. METHODS Wistar albino rats were treated subcutaneously with 2mg/kg once a day during seven days Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 5mg trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Disease activities, macroscopic and microscopic scores were evaluated. To determine the response provoked by progesterone we measured Colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF alfa, IL-6 and Nitric oxide (NO) levels in addition to the MPO (Myeloperoxidase) and caspase-3 activities. RESULTS Progesterone ameliorated significantly the macroscopic and microscopic scores. TNBS-induced colitis significantly increased the colonic MDA levels and caspase-3 activities in group 2 in comparison to the control group. The results of the study revealed a decline in MDA, NO, IL6 and TNF-α levels in the colon tissue and in blood due to progesterone therapy in group 3 when compared to the group 2, a significant improvement. Progesterone treatment was associated with decreased MDA, MPO, TNF alfa and caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSION Progesterone therapy decreased oxidative damage in the colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Karatepe
- Okmeydani Research Hospital General, Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Ostadal P, Ostadal B. Women and the management of acute coronary syndrome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1151-9. [PMID: 22888799 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women in the developed countries. Despite this fact, females are still under-represented in the majority of clinical trials. At the present time, only limited evidence is available with respect to the female-specific aspects of pathogenesis, management, and outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Women less frequently undergo coronary intervention, and a lower proportion of women receive evidence-based pharmacotherapy, compared with men. It has been shown that women benefit from an invasive approach and coronary intervention in ACS as much as men, despite their advanced age and higher rate of bleeding complications. Also, administration of beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, and intensive statin therapy is associated with a comparable reduction of cardiovascular event rates in women and men. On the other hand, women may profit less than men from fibrinolytic or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy. Both sexes benefit equally from aspirin therapy, whereas contradictory data are available on the efficacy of clopidogrel in women. There is an urgent need for intensive research in the development of female-specific therapeutic strategy in ACS, even though the detailed mechanisms of sex differences are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ostadal
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Cheng J, Su D, Ma X, Li H. Concurrent supplement of estradiol and progesterone reduces the cardiac sensitivity to D,L-sotalol-induced arrhythmias in ovariectomized rabbits. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 17:208-14. [PMID: 21875897 DOI: 10.1177/1074248411418972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the difference in the modulation of estradiol and dihydrotesterone on ventricular repolarization has been intensively studied, little information is available concerning the role of the different ovarian hormones in the modulation of repolarization in the female. METHODS The chronic modulation of female hormones, estradiol, and progesterone, on cardiac repolarization and the susceptibility to d,l-sotalol, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, were studied in female rabbits by ovariectomy and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) through recording and analyzing of electrocardiograms. RESULTS The corrected QT interval (QTc) measured 2 weeks after ovariectomy was not significantly different from that in the time-matched control rabbits. After 2 weeks of HRT, the QTc in the ovariectomized rabbits treated with estradiol alone (group E) was not significantly different from that in the control (group C); whereas in the ovariectomized rabbits treated with estradiol plus progesterone (group E + P), it was significantly shorter than those in groups E (P < .05) and C (P < .01), respectively. The corrected Tpeak-end interval (Tpec), an indicator of global dispersion of ventricular repolarization, was also significantly reduced in group E + P compared with that of group C (P < .01). In group E, d,l-sotalol-induced prolongation of QTc and the rate and the severity of arrhythmias were significantly higher, while the dose of sotalol to initiate arrhythmias was significantly lower than those in groups C or E + P, respectively (P < .05 or P < .01). CONCLUSION Estradiol potentiates QTc prolonging effects of d,l-sotalol and increases the susceptibility to d,l-sotalol-induced arrhythmias without significantly altering QTc itself, whereas progesterone may accelerate the process of repolarization and protect the females from drug-induced arrhythmias, thus counteracting the effect of estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Cheng J, Ma X, Zhang J, Su D. Diverse modulating effects of estradiol and progesterone on the monophasic action potential duration in Langendorff-perfused female rabbit hearts. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:219-26. [PMID: 21210847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to comparatively investigate the acute modulating effects of oestrogen and progesterone on the repolarization and the susceptibility of female rabbits to class III anti-arrhythmic agents. The acute influence of estradiol and progesterone on the cardiac repolarization and the drug sensitivity of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K(+) channel to sotalol was comparatively studied in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts at pharmacological concentrations through recording of epicardial monophasic action potentials. In Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, estradiol (1-30 μm) concentration-dependently prolonged the monophasic action potential durations (MAPD(30) and MAPD(90) ) (P < 0.05); while the effects of progesterone on MAPD were biphasic: it prolonged MAPD(30) and MAPD(90) at lower concentrations (1-3 μm) but shortened MAPD(30) and MAPD(90) at higher concentrations (10-30 μm). Sotalol-induced prolongation of MAPD(90) was significantly less in the hearts pretreated with progesterone than those treated with estradiol (P < 0.05). The incidence of the pro-arrhythmic events induced by sotalol in the hearts pretreated with progesterone was also significantly lower than those pretreated with estradiol (P < 0.05). In conclusion, estradiol and progesterone have different modulating effects on cardiac repolarization: estradiol can concentration-dependently prolong the cardiac repolarization time and thus may reduce the repolarization reserve and increase the susceptibility of female rabbits to sotalol-induced arrhythmias, whereas progesterone may shorten the cardiac repolarization time at concentrations above 10 μm, thus protecting the heart from drug-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Gonca E, Bozdoğan Ö. Both Mitochondrial KATP Channel Opening and Sarcolemmal KATP Channel Blockage Confer Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmia in Anesthetized Male Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 15:403-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248410372925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study was performed to assess the effect of selective sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibition and the mitochondrial KATP channel activation on ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced arrhythmias in different gender of rats. We compared the effect of a selective sarcolemmal KATP channel blocker HMR 1098, a selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener diazoxide, a nonselective KATP channel opener pinacidil, and the combination of pinacidil with HMR 1098 on the incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias in 2 groups: anesthetized males (n = 31) and females (n = 31). Main Methods: Ischemia and reperfusion was produced by occluding the left main coronary artery of Sprague-Dowley rats for 6 minutes followed by re-opening of the artery for 6 minutes. Key Findings: The arrhythmia score and the duration of arrhythmias were significantly reduced by HMR 1098, diazoxide, and pinacidil in male rats. The combination of the pinacidil with HMR 1098 did not change the antiarrhythmic effect of pinacidil. The duration of arrhythmas was shorter in females than that in the corresponding males. Drug treatments were not effective in decreasing arrhythmias in female groups to the same extent as in the male group. However, the mitochondrial K ATP channel activation that is provided by the combination of pinacidil with HMR 1098 significantly decreased the total length of arrhythmias in females. Significance: Results of the current study indicate that both mitochondrial KATP channel activation and sarcolemmal KATP channel inhibition exert antiarrhythmic action in male rats. The antiarrhythmic effect of pinacidil is not depend on the sarcolemmal KATP channel opening. These results also indicate that KATP channel modulators show no discernable effect in female rats due to the already low incidence of arrhythmias in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersöz Gonca
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, ncivez/Zonguldak, Turkey,
| | - Ömer Bozdoğan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy/Bolu, Turkey
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Bombardier E, Vigna C, Iqbal S, Tiidus PM, Tupling AR. Effects of ovarian sex hormones and downhill running on fiber-type-specific HSP70 expression in rat soleus. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:2009-15. [PMID: 19359608 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91573.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of the ovarian sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, on the fiber-type-specific response of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) to damaging exercise in rat soleus. Ovariectomized female rats were divided into three treatment groups (n = 16 per group): sham (S), progesterone (P; 25 mg pellet), and estrogen (E; 0.25 mg pellet). Each treatment group was divided into control and exercised groups. After 8 days of sham or hormone treatment, animals ran downhill intermittently for 90 min (17 m/min, -13.5 degrees grade) on a treadmill, and soleus muscles were removed 24 h postexercise. HSP70 expression was assessed in whole muscle homogenates by Western blotting and in individual muscle fiber types by immunohistochemical analysis of serial cross sections of soleus samples. Comparisons between control groups showed that HSP70 expression in soleus was increased (P < 0.05) in E compared with both S and P. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed between S and P. Following downhill running, HSP70 content in soleus was increased (P < 0.05) compared with control in S and P, but not (P > 0.05) in E. As a result, soleus HSP70 content following downhill running was not different (P > 0.05) between any of the treatment groups. Under all conditions, HSP70 content was higher in type I vs. type II fibers, and the effects of both estrogen and exercise on HSP70 expression in soleus were also more pronounced in type I vs. type II fibers. These results demonstrate that 1) estrogen regulates HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle, increasing basal HSP70 expression and preventing further increases in HSP70 in response to exercise; 2) progesterone is not involved in the regulation of HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle; and 3) the effects of estrogen and exercise on HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle are fiber type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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Iqbal S, Thomas A, Bunyan K, Tiidus PM. Progesterone and estrogen influence postexercise leukocyte infiltration in overiectomized female rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 33:1207-12. [PMID: 19088779 DOI: 10.1139/h08-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Limited research has been conducted on the effects of progesterone alone, or in combination with estrogen, on leukocyte infiltration in skeletal muscle following exercise. To investigate the effects of these female sex hormones, ovariectomized female rats were divided into 4 exercise and 4 control groups: sham, estrogen, progesterone, and a combination of estrogen plus progesterone. Following 8 days of hormone replacement and 24 h postexercise, soleus (red) and superficial (white) vastus muscles were removed and immunostained for His48 (neutrophil)- and ED1 (macrophage)-positive cells. The postexercise increase in leukocyte infiltration was completely (p < 0.05) attenuated with estrogen supplementation alone in both muscle types, relative to sham. Progesterone treatment alone also resulted in a smaller (20%-30%) but significant (p < 0.05) attenuation of postexercise muscle leukocyte infiltration. The combination of estrogen and progesterone treatment did not significantly alter the attenuation seen with estrogen supplementation alone. Hence, progesterone can independently attenuate postexercise muscle leukocyte infiltration, albeit to a lesser degree than estrogen, and it will not negate or accentuate the effect of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Iqbal
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L3C5, Canada
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Drugs for men and women — How important is gender as a risk factor for TdP? Pharmacol Ther 2008; 119:186-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Renolleau S, Fau S, Charriaut-Marlangue C. Gender-related differences in apoptotic pathways after neonatal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscientist 2007; 14:46-52. [PMID: 17971506 DOI: 10.1177/1073858407308889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases display sexual dimorphism, specifically a predilection for one gender or a gender-dependent response to treatment. Exposure to circulating sex steroids is felt to be a chief contributor to this phenomenon. However, CNS diseases of childhood and of the elderly also demonstrate gender predominance and/or sexual dimorphism response to therapies. In this short update, we provide information concerning one of the most interesting new emerging concepts related to the influence of the sex in the pathogenesis of developmental brain injuries leading to different levels of neuroprotection between genders after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia or ischemia.
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Sajdel-Sulkowska EM, Nguon K, Sulkowski ZL, Lipinski B. Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in Mediating the Effect of Altered Gravity on the Developing Rat Cerebellum. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2007; 40:1414-1420. [PMID: 18438448 PMCID: PMC2344128 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that perinatal exposure to hypergravity affects cerebellar structure and motor coordination in rat neonates. In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that exposure to hypergravity results in oxidative stress that may contribute to the decrease in Purkinje cell number and the impairment of motor coordination in hypergravity-exposed rat neonates. To test this hypothesis we compared cerebellar oxidative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT; an index of oxidative protein modification) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG; an index of oxidative DNA damage) between stationary control (SC) and rat neonates exposed to 1.65 G (HG) on a 24-ft centrifuge from gestational day (G) 8 to P21. The levels of 3-NT and 8-OH-dG were determined by specific ELISAs. We also compared the Purkinje cell number (stereorologically) and rotarod performance between the two groups. The levels of 3-NT were increased only in HG females on P6 and on P12 in the cerebellum, and only in HG females on P12 in the extracellabellar tissue. Limited cerebellar data suggests an increase in the levels of 8-OH-dG on P12 only in HG females. In extracerebellar tissue the increase in 8-OH-dG levels was observed in both HG males and HG females except on P6 when it was only observed in HG males. While preliminary, these data suggest that the effect of hypergravity on the developing brain is sex-dependent and may involve oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may, in turn, contribute to the decrease Purkinje cell number and impaired motor behavior observed in hypergravity-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Sajdel-Sulkowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kosal Nguon
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Boguslaw Lipinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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