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Sonmez E, Kekecoglu M, Sahin H, Bozdeveci A, Karaoglu SA. Comparing the biological properties and chemical profiling of chestnut bee pollen and bee bread collected from Anatolia. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2307-2317. [PMID: 37171533 PMCID: PMC10484894 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee bread (BB) and bee pollen (BP) are accepted as functional food and considered in medical properties due to its important bioactive components. These bee products show different biological properties, but researches on these aspects have not been clear yet. In present study, Anatolian BB and BP extracts were analyzed for the first time for their pollen type, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Samples were analyzed for their antimicrobial efficacy by the agar well diffusion and MIC methods. HPLC analysis was used to identify the compounds in the BB and BP samples. Antioxidant activity was measured by the FRAP and DPPH methods. As a result of microscopy for pollen identification, Fagaceae family was dominant. Phenolic compound analysis showed that the amounts of p-coumaric acid and rutin were found to be the highest in BB and BP, respectively. Stronger antioxidant activity was obtained from BP. MIC values of BB were range from 250 to 12.5 μg/mL. The most susceptible bacterium was Mycobacterium smegmatis. The extract of BP was effective on all gram-negative bacteria with doses range from 250 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL. The lowest MIC value was detected with the concentration of 12.5 μg/mL against M. smegmatis. Anatolian BB and BP could be considered as a functional foods due to antioxidant activity and may be beneficial in the management and treatment of pathogenic bacteria because of high antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Sonmez
- Beekeeping Research Development and Application Centre, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Beekeeping Research Development and Application Centre, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Sahin
- Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, 28600, EspiyeGiresun, Turkey
| | - Arif Bozdeveci
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sengul Alpay Karaoglu
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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Kaya ST, Agan K, Fulden-Agan A, Agyar-Yoldas P, Ozarslan TO, Kekecoglu M, Kaya A. Protective effect of propolis on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in males and ovariectomized females but not in intact females. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14109. [PMID: 35142377 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis, which may have estrogenic effects, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury not only in male rats but also in intact and ovariectomized (ovx) female rats. Six groups were formed: untreated males (n = 8), treated males (n = 9), untreated intact females (n = 9), treated intact females (n = 10), untreated ovx females (n = 10), and treated ovx females (n = 8). An alcoholic extract of a single dose of propolis (200 mg/kg) was administered orally daily for 14 days. Thirty minutes of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion were performed. Blood pressure, heart rate, arrhythmias (ventricular premature contraction [VPC], ventricular tachycardia [VT], ventricular fibrillation [VF]), and myocardial infarct size were evaluated. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were measured. The untreated females showed more resistance to mI/R injury than the untreated males, as evidenced by lower duration, incidence, and score of arrhythmias, and smaller infarct size (p < .05). After ovx, this resistance disappeared. Propolis improved these values in treated males and treated ovx females (p < .05). Propolis increased TAS in treated males and decreased TOS in treated ovx females as well as elevated SOD in all treated groups (p < .05). Propolis decreased E2 level in treated intact females; however, it increased E2 level in treated ovx females (p < .05). The results revealed that propolis could protect the heart against mI/R injury in males and ovx females. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is known that the female heart has an increased sensitivity to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (mI/R) injury due to estrogen deficiency and/or estrogen deprivation following menopause or surgical removal of the ovaries. Propolis has the potential to mimic estrogen under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as its antioxidant property. The results indicated that propolis decreased myocardial infarct size, arrhythmia score, arrhythmia duration, and incidence in ovariectomized female rats and male rats. In addition, the present results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of propolis as a natural product can effectively maintain the resistance of female heart to mI/R injury after estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Tunc Kaya
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Kagan Agan
- Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Aydan Fulden-Agan
- Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Pınar Agyar-Yoldas
- Coordination Unit of Healthy and Environmental, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Talat Ogulcan Ozarslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.,Beekeeping Research, Development and Application Centre, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Adnan Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Rasgele PG, Gokalp FD, Kaya ST, Kekecoglu M, Acar MK. Investigation of genotoxic effects of rhododendron honey using three mammalian bioassays in vivo. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2301-2310. [PMID: 34100323 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1935421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhododendron honey (RH) is obtained from the rhododendron plants are grown in many regions around the world, causes poisoning in humans due to the grayanotoxin (GTX) compound in its structure. It is used by the public as a therapeutic for some diseases. It was aimed to study the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of RH in mouse bone-marrow and sperm cells by using three mammalian bioassays. 25, 50 and 75 mg kg-1 concentrations of RH given to male mice via gavage for 24 and 48 h treatment periods and its active ingredient Grayanatoxin (GTX-III) 0.01 mg kg-1 by i.p. injection. Chromosome aberrations (CA), polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and sperm abnormalities were investigated. The results demonstrated that all the tested concentrations of RH significantly induced total abnormal cell frequency including chromosomal breaks for two time periods. In the MN assay, 75 mg kg-1 RH and 0.01 mg kg-1 GTX-III significantly increased % MNPCE and significantly reduced PCE/NCE ratios after 24 and 48 h treatments on mice demonstrating potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. Although there was a concentration-related increase in the percentage of total sperm abnormalities, this increase was not statistically significant compared to control. As a result, microscopic genotoxicity and cytotoxicity marker tests showed that RH and its active ingredient GTX-III have potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effect on mice bone marrow cells. It is understood that RH that is used to treat some diseases by public, should be handled carefully and used in a controlled manner.HighlightsChromosome aberration, micronucleus and sperm morphology assays are recommended as reliable biological indicators.RH and its active ingredient GTX-III have potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effect on mice bone marrow cells.Significant changes were observed upon the treatment of 75 mg kg-1 MH for MN assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Goc Rasgele
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Fulya Dilek Gokalp
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Salih Tunc Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Momeni J, Parejo M, Nielsen RO, Langa J, Montes I, Papoutsis L, Farajzadeh L, Bendixen C, Căuia E, Charrière JD, Coffey MF, Costa C, Dall'Olio R, De la Rúa P, Drazic MM, Filipi J, Galea T, Golubovski M, Gregorc A, Grigoryan K, Hatjina F, Ilyasov R, Ivanova E, Janashia I, Kandemir I, Karatasou A, Kekecoglu M, Kezic N, Matray ES, Mifsud D, Moosbeckhofer R, Nikolenko AG, Papachristoforou A, Petrov P, Pinto MA, Poskryakov AV, Sharipov AY, Siceanu A, Soysal MI, Uzunov A, Zammit-Mangion M, Vingborg R, Bouga M, Kryger P, Meixner MD, Estonba A. Authoritative subspecies diagnosis tool for European honey bees based on ancestry informative SNPs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:101. [PMID: 33535965 PMCID: PMC7860026 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With numerous endemic subspecies representing four of its five evolutionary lineages, Europe holds a large fraction of Apis mellifera genetic diversity. This diversity and the natural distribution range have been altered by anthropogenic factors. The conservation of this natural heritage relies on the availability of accurate tools for subspecies diagnosis. Based on pool-sequence data from 2145 worker bees representing 22 populations sampled across Europe, we employed two highly discriminative approaches (PCA and FST) to select the most informative SNPs for ancestry inference. RESULTS Using a supervised machine learning (ML) approach and a set of 3896 genotyped individuals, we could show that the 4094 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an accurate prediction of ancestry inference in European honey bees. The best ML model was Linear Support Vector Classifier (Linear SVC) which correctly assigned most individuals to one of the 14 subspecies or different genetic origins with a mean accuracy of 96.2% ± 0.8 SD. A total of 3.8% of test individuals were misclassified, most probably due to limited differentiation between the subspecies caused by close geographical proximity, or human interference of genetic integrity of reference subspecies, or a combination thereof. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic tool presented here will contribute to a sustainable conservation and support breeding activities in order to preserve the genetic heritage of European honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Momeni
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Genotyping A/S (EFEG), (Former GenoSkan A/S), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Melanie Parejo
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.,Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus O Nielsen
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Genotyping A/S (EFEG), (Former GenoSkan A/S), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jorge Langa
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iratxe Montes
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laetitia Papoutsis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eliza Căuia
- Institutul de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Apicultura SA, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Janja Filipi
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ales Gregorc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Fani Hatjina
- Department of Apiculture, Agricultural Organization 'DEMETER', Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Division of Life Sciences, Major of Biological Sciences, and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea.,Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mifsud
- Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Rudolf Moosbeckhofer
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH, Wien, Austria
| | - Alexei G Nikolenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Plamen Petrov
- Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - M Alice Pinto
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Aleksandr V Poskryakov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Adrian Siceanu
- Institutul de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Apicultura SA, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Aleksandar Uzunov
- Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Bee Institute Kirchhain, Kirchhain, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | | | - Rikke Vingborg
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Genotyping A/S (EFEG), (Former GenoSkan A/S), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Bouga
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Per Kryger
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marina D Meixner
- Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Bee Institute Kirchhain, Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Andone Estonba
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.
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Cakmak-Arslan G, Haksoy H, Goc-Rasgele P, Kekecoglu M. Determination of the dose-dependent toxic effects of mad honey on mouse liver using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 228:117719. [PMID: 31753646 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mad honey (MH) is obtained from Rhododendron plants, which are extensively grown in some regions of the world such as Europe, North America, Tropical Asia and Turkey. Although it has been known that MH induces adverse effects in the body due to grayanotoxin (GTX) in it, it is widely used for some medical purposes by the public. In this study, the effects of MH (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) and GTX-III (0.01 mg/kg), which is the pure form of the most toxic type of the GTXs in MH, were investigated on the mouse liver at molecular level via Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that 25 and 50 mg/kg of MH didn't cause any significant alterations in the liver tissue except a decrease in the glycogen amount. However, significant differences were observed between 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III treated groups and control group. For example, the amounts of saturated lipids, nucleic acids and proteins increased in the 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III treated groups. A decrease in the ratios of unsaturated/saturated lipid, CH2/lipid and carbonyl/lipid and an increase in the ratio of CH3/lipid were observed after the administration of 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III, all of which may be a consequence of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III caused a decrease in the membrane order, an increase in the membrane fluidity and some important changes on the secondary structure of proteins indicating protein denaturation. In addition, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed these findings. These results revealed that MH induces significant dose-dependent toxic effects in the structure and function of the liver tissue. This study also showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy provides a rapid and sensitive monitoring of the changes induced by a toxic compound on biological tissues at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulgun Cakmak-Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Humeyra Haksoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Pinar Goc-Rasgele
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
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