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Neuromodulation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Depression: A Scoping Review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:92-107. [PMID: 35853529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurogenesis hypothesis of depression' emphasizes the importance of upregulated hippocampal neurogenesis for the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. Neuromodulation is a promising therapeutic method that stimulates neural circuitries to treat neuropsychiatric illnesses. We conducted a scoping review on the neurogenic and antidepressant outcomes of neuromodulation in animal models of depression. PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were comprehensively searched for full-text English articles from inception to October 5, 2021. Data screening and extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Seventeen eligible studies were included in this review. The majority of studies used non-invasive neuromodulation (n = 14) and assessed neurogenesis using neural proliferation (n = 16) and differentiation markers (n = 9). Limited reports (n = 2) used neurogenic inhibitors to evaluate the role of neurogenesis on the depressive-like behavioral outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation substantially effectuated both hippocampal cell proliferation and antidepressant-like behavior in animal models of depression, with some providing evidence for enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. The proposed neurogenic-related mechanisms mediating the neuromodulation efficacies included neurotrophic processes, anti-apoptotic pathways, and normalization of HPA axis functions. Further research is warranted to explore the role of neuromodulation-induced neurogenic effects on treatment efficacies and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Shen SY, Yu R, Li W, Liang LF, Han QQ, Huang HJ, Li B, Xu SF, Wu GC, Zhang YQ, Yu J. The neuroprotective effects of GPR55 against hippocampal neuroinflammation and impaired adult neurogenesis in CSDS mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Li Y, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhan M, Hu X, Liu Y, Yu L, Yan X, Liang S, Zhang R, Lu Y, Li B, Liu C, Li M. P2Y12 receptor as a new target for electroacupuncture relieving comorbidity of visceral pain and depression of inflammatory bowel disease. Chin Med 2021; 16:139. [PMID: 34930362 PMCID: PMC8686637 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The P2Y12 receptor is a kind of purinoceptor that is engaged in platelet aggregation, and P2Y12 inhibitors have been used in clinical antithrombotic therapy. The P2Y12 receptor in microglia induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression, which is a key mediator of depression in the brain. Although peripheral P2Y12 is involved in neuropathic pain, whether P2Y12 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is associated with comorbidities of visceral pain and depression remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that electroacupuncture (EA) is effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but its mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether P2Y12 expression in the mPFC is associated with comorbidities of visceral pain and depression in IBD and whether EA treats IBD by targeting the P2Y12 receptor. Methods We used 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced IBD mice. P2Y12 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was stereotaxically injected into the bilateral mPFC. EA was performed on bilateral “Dachangshu” (BL25) acupoints once a day for 7 days. Von Frey filaments and colorectal distension were used to detect the mechanical pain threshold and visceral pain sensitivity. The sucrose preference test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test were used to evaluate depression in mice. Western blotting was used to test the expression of P2Y12 and IL-1β. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess microglial activity. Results We found that IBD mice presented visceral pain and depression associated with increased P2Y12 expression in the mPFC. P2Y12 shRNA significantly attenuated visceral pain and depression in IBD mice. P2Y12 shRNA significantly downregulated IL-1β expression and inhibited the activation of microglia in the mPFC of IBD mice. Meanwhile, EA played a similar role of P2Y12 shRNA. EA significantly downregulated P2Y12 expression, weakened the activation of microglia, and then inhibited IL-1β expression in the mPFC, thus relieving visceral pain and depression in IBD mice. Conclusion The present study provided new ideas that the P2Y12 receptor in the mPFC could be a new target for the treatment of comorbid visceral pain and depression by EA. This may not only deepen our understanding of the analgesic and antidepressant mechanisms of EA but also promote the application of EA to treat IBD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00553-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Muouyang Zhan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaochen Yan
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beining Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cunzhi Liu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Kawanokuchi J, Takagi K, Tanahashi N, Yamamoto T, Nagaoka N, Ishida T, Ma N. Acupuncture Treatment for Social Defeat Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:685433. [PMID: 34393735 PMCID: PMC8355549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.685433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by disordered affect, thoughts, cognition, and behavior. Antidepressant therapy is often the primary treatment for depression. However, antidepressant therapy may cause unwanted side effects, and its effects are slow. Therefore, some patients are seeking alternative treatments for depression, such as acupuncture. However, there are many unclear points regarding the mechanism of the effect of acupuncture on depression. In recent years, we have reported that acupuncture improves the symptoms of mild depression induced by water-immersion stress in a rat model and depression induced by forced swimming in a mouse model. In this study, we examined the effect of acupuncture on the symptoms of social defeat stress (SDS)-induced depression in mice that most closely resemble human symptoms. In this study, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of acupuncture as part of GV20 “Bai-Hui” and Ex-HN3 “Yintang” on model mice with depression induced by SDS. To examine the mechanism of the preventive and therapeutic effects of acupuncture on depression model mice, we examined the expression of neurotrophic factors in the brains of SDS mice. Two weeks of simultaneous acupuncture stimulation as part of GV20 and Ex-HN3 restored SDS-reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, and NT-4/5 expression, which was not observed with antidepressants. In contrast, acupuncture stimulation suppressed nerve growth factor (NGF) expression induced by SDS. These results suggest that acupuncture treatment could be effective in correcting the imbalance in the expression of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, the effects of acupuncture on the expression of neurotrophic factors appear earlier than those of antidepressants, suggesting that it may be a useful treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kawanokuchi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan.,Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Ken Takagi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Science, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanahashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Yamamoto
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Science, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nagaoka
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Science, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Torao Ishida
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan.,Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
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5
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Yue N, Li B, Yang L, Han QQ, Huang HJ, Wang YL, Wang J, Yu R, Wu GC, Liu Q, Yu J. Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Depressive- and Anxiety-Like Behavior and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Rat Model of Depression. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:149. [PMID: 29946236 PMCID: PMC6007169 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. The effects of clinical depression may be mediated by neuroinflammation such as activation of microglia and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in certain brain areas. Traditional Chinese medicine techniques such as electro-acupuncture (EA) are used extensively in Asia to treat mental health disorders. However, EA has not been rigorously studied in treatment of depression. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of EA on depressive-like behavior and explore the role of hippocampal neuroinflammation in the potential antidepressant effect of EA. In this study, we used six chronic unpredictable stressors daily in a random sequence for 10 weeks. EA were performed on “Bai-Hui” (Du-20) (+) and “Yang-Ling-Quan” (GB-34, the right side; −) acupoints by an EA apparatus (HANS Electronic Apparatus, LH202H, 2/100 Hz, 0.3 mA) for 30 min once every other day for last 4 weeks. The behavior tests including open field test and forced swimming test, which are widely used to assess depressive and anxiety-like behavior were performed on the Monday and Tuesday of the eleventh week. The results showed that 10 week of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) caused behavioral deficits in rats and neuroinflammation in hippocampus, such as increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, upregulated mRNA level of IL-1β and the protein level of IL-1β mature form (p17) and activation of microglia. Moreover, 4 weeks of EA treatment significantly attenuated behavioral deficits caused by CUS. EA’s antidepressant effect was accompanied by markedly decreased expression of certain NLRP3 inflammasome components and matured IL-1β. Meanwhile, EA treatment can significantly reverse CUS-induced increases in P2X7 receptor, Iba-1, IL-18, TNFα and IL-6 expression and decreases in GFAP expression. In conclusion, EA exhibited the antidepressant effect and alleviated the hippocampal neuroinflammation. These findings may provide insight into the role of hippocampal neuroinflammation in the antidepressant effect of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yue
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratories, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Qin Han
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Heng Li S, Wang LT, Deng X, NanJiao Y, Kong L, Fu M, Jia LQ, Yang JX, Ren L. Electroacupuncture Rescued the Impairment of Hippocampal Neurons in Perimenopausal Depression Rats via Activating the CREB/BDNF Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.164.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xiao LY, Wang XR, Yang Y, Yang JW, Cao Y, Ma SM, Li TR, Liu CZ. Applications of Acupuncture Therapy in Modulating Plasticity of Central Nervous System. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:762-776. [PMID: 29111577 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acupuncture is widely applied for treatment of various neurological disorders. This manuscript will review the preclinical evidence of acupuncture in mediating neural plasticity, the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched acupuncture, plasticity, and other potential related words at the following sites: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP information data base. The following keywords were used: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, plasticity, neural plasticity, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, neuroblast, stem cell, progenitor cell, BrdU, synapse, synapse structure, synaptogenesis, axon, axon regeneration, synaptic plasticity, LTP, LTD, neurotrophin, neurotrophic factor, BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, bFGF, EGF, NT-3, NT-4, NT-5, p75NTR, neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, noradrenaline, dopamine, monamine. We assessed the effects of acupuncture on plasticity under pathological conditions in this review. RESULTS Relevant references were reviewed and presented to reflect the effects of acupuncture on neural plasticity. The acquired literatures mainly focused on neurogenesis, alterations of synapses, neurotrophins (NTs), and neurotranimitters. Acupuncture methods mentioned in this article include manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidences demonstrated that acupuncture could induce neural plasticity in rodents exposed to cerebral ischemia. Neural plasticity mediated by acupuncture in other neural disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, were also investigated and there is evidence of positive role of acupuncture induced plasticity in these disorders as well. Mediation of neural plasticity by acupuncture is likely associated with its modulation on NTs and neurotransmitters. The exact mechanisms underlying acupuncture's effects on neural plasticity remain to be elucidated. Neural plasticity may be the potential bridge between acupuncture and the treatment of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yong Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Ma
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Ran Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Shin HK, Lee SW, Choi BT. Modulation of neurogenesis via neurotrophic factors in acupuncture treatments for neurological diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:132-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fan XW, Liu HH, Wang HB, Chen F, Yang Y, Chen Y, Guan SK, Wu KL. Electroacupuncture Improves Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Neurogenesis after Brain Irradiation. Radiat Res 2017; 187:672-681. [PMID: 28375680 DOI: 10.1667/rr14561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments after brain irradiation seriously affect quality of life for patients, and there is currently no effective treatment. In this study using an irradiated rat model, the role of electroacupuncture was investigated for treatment of radiation-induced brain injury. Animals received 10 Gy exposure to the entire brain, and electroacupuncture was administered 3 days before irradiation as well as up to 2 weeks postirradiation. Behavioral tests were performed one month postirradiation, and rats were then sacrificed for histology or molecular studies. Electroacupuncture markedly improved animal performance in the novel place recognition test. In the emotion test, electroacupuncture reduced defecation during the open-field test, and latency to consumption of food in the novelty suppressed feeding test. Brain irradiation inhibited the generation of immature neurons, but did not cause neural stem cell loss. Electroacupuncture partially restored hippocampal neurogenesis. Electroacupuncture decreased the amount of activated microglia and increased resting microglia in the hippocampus after irradiation. In addition, electroacupuncture promoted mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. In conclusion, electroacupuncture could improve cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis after irradiation, and the protective effect of electroacupuncture was associated with the modulation of microglia and upregulation of BDNF in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wen Fan
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032; Departments of.,b Oncology and
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- d Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 200092
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032; Departments of.,b Oncology and
| | - Fu Chen
- c Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032; and
| | - Yu Yang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032; Departments of
| | - Yan Chen
- c Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200032; and
| | - Shi-Kuo Guan
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032; Departments of
| | - Kai-Liang Wu
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 200032; Departments of.,b Oncology and
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Takagi K, Tanahashi N, Amagasu N, Mizuno K, Kawanokuchi J, Yi G, Ishida T. Effect of Manual Acupuncture Stimulation at "Bai-Hui" (GV 20) or "Yintáng" (Ex-HN3) on Depressed Rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2016; 10:26-32. [PMID: 28254098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study on rats showed that simultaneous acupuncture stimulation at the "Bai-Hui" (GV 20) and the "Yintáng" (Ex-HN3) acupoints alleviated the state of depression to an extent similar to that achieved by pharmacotherapy. This study investigated whether the alleviation of the depressed state required simultaneous acupuncture at these two acupuncture points. For the purposes of testing the effect of acupuncture on depressive symptoms, we treated a depression model rat, where depression had been induced by using a mild water-immersion stress technique, with either acupuncture stimulation at only one acupuncture point (GV 20 or Ex-HN3) or an antidepressant, and we measured the immobile time for evaluating the state of depression. Anxiety, as a symptom commonly associated with depression, was also evaluated by measuring the number of head dips. Neither the immobile time nor the number of head dips decreased upon acupuncture stimulation. From this study, single acupuncture stimulation at either "GV 20" or "Ex-HN3" alleviated neither the state of depression nor the anxiety. The water-immersion stress used to make the depression model rats was shown not to induce anxiety; however, the stress induced by immobilizing the rats for acupuncture stimulation did lead to anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takagi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan; Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nobuyuki Tanahashi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Nozomi Amagasu
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-293, Japan
| | - Kaito Mizuno
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Jun Kawanokuchi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Guo Yi
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Torao Ishida
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan; Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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11
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Tanahashi N, Takagi K, Amagasu N, Wang G, Mizuno K, Kawanoguchi J, Yi G, Ishida T. Effect of acupuncture stimulation on rats with depression induced by water-immersion stress. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:99-103. [PMID: 26940241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a kind of mood disorder. The incidence of depressed patients has demonstrated an upward trend in recent years. Symptoms may improve with treatments such as pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, but such approaches may exert strong side effects, and therapeutic effects can be slow. We studied how acupuncture stimulation would affect depression as a method to reduce side effects. Mild depression was induced in rats by 1-week water-immersion stress. We treated these mildly depressed rats with either acupuncture stimulation at the "Bai-Hui" (GV 20) and "Yintáng" (Ex-HN3) points, or antidepressants. We then measured the immobile time and serum corticosterone level in rats. Immobile time and serum corticosterone level decreased on stimulation with acupuncture or antidepressants. These findings suggest that mild depression in rats was improved by stimulation with acupuncture The mechanisms underlying such improvement may effect HPA system activated by this stress, and inhibit the response to lead to the disorder of the hippocampal nerve cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Tanahashi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Ken Takagi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan; Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nozomi Amagasu
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-293, Japan
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-293, Japan
| | - Kaito Mizuno
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Jun Kawanoguchi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Guo Yi
- Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Torao Ishida
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-293, Japan; Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan.
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12
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Ho TJ, Chan TM, Ho LI, Lai CY, Lin CH, Macdonald I, Harn HJ, Lin JG, Lin SZ, Chen YH. The possible role of stem cells in acupuncture treatment for neurodegenerative diseases: a literature review of basic studies. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:559-66. [PMID: 24636189 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports on recent findings concerning the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) on stem cell mobilization and differentiation, in particular with regard to neurogenesis. Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a history of over 2,500 years and is becoming more popular worldwide. Evidence has demonstrated that acupuncture may be of benefit in stroke rehabilitation, parkinsonism, dementia, and depression. This article reviews recent studies concerning the effects of acupuncture/EA on stem cell mobilization and on progenitor cell proliferation in the CNS. The reviewed evidence indicates that acupuncture/EA has beneficial effects in several neurodegenerative diseases, and it may prove to be a nondrug method for mobilizing stem cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Electroacupuncture promotes proliferation of amplifying neural progenitors and preserves quiescent neural progenitors from apoptosis to alleviate depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:872568. [PMID: 24719647 PMCID: PMC3955608 DOI: 10.1155/2014/872568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours and neural progenitors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model of depression. After being exposed to a CUS procedure for 2 weeks, rats were subjected to EA treatment, which was performed on acupoints Du-20 (Bai-Hui) and GB-34 (Yang-Ling-Quan), once every other day for 15 consecutive days (including 8 treatments), with each treatment lasting for 30 min. The behavioural tests (i.e., forced swimming test, elevated plus-maze test, and open-field entries test) revealed that EA alleviated the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours of the stressed rats. Immunohistochemical results showed that proliferative cells (BrdU-positive) in the EA group were significantly larger in number compared with the Model group. Further, the results showed that EA significantly promoted the proliferation of amplifying neural progenitors (ANPs) and simultaneously inhibited the apoptosis of quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs). In a word, the mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like effects of EA is associated with enhancement of ANPs proliferation and preserving QNPs from apoptosis.
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Yang L, Yue N, Zhu X, Han Q, Liu Q, Yu J, Wu G. Electroacupuncture upregulates ERK signaling pathways and promotes adult hippocampal neural progenitors proliferation in a rat model of depression. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:288. [PMID: 24165147 PMCID: PMC3813990 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study, we investigate the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model of depression, the effects of electroacupunture (EA) on depressive-like symptoms and the corresponding signaling pathways. Methods SD rats were subjected to 4 weeks of CUS to induce depressive-like behaviors. EA was performed at the Du-20 (Bai-Hui) and GB-34 (Yang-Ling-Quan) acupoints. Rats were injected with BrdU and the brains were cut into sections. Double-labeling with BrdU/Sox2 and p-ERK/Nestin was performed to demonstrate the in vivo proliferation of adult NSCs in hippocampus and ERK activation in NSCs. Hippocampal microdialysates of different groups were collected to observe the in vitro effects on NSCs. Results After 8 treatments, EA generated a clear antidepressant effect on the stressed rats and promoted the NSC proliferation. ERK activation might be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of EA treatment. Hippocampal microdialysates from EA-treated stressed rats influenced NSCs to form larger neural spheres and exhibit higher p-ERK level in vitro, compared to the untreated stressed rats. Meanwhile, the antidepressant-like effects of EA involved contribution from both acupoint specificity and electrical stimulus. Conclusions EA might interfere with the hippocampal microenvironment and enhance the activation of ERK signaling pathways. This could mediate, at least in part, the beneficial effects of EA on NSC proliferation and depressive-like behaviors.
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Acupuncture Stimulation Induces Neurogenesis in Adult Brain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 111:67-90. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411545-3.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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HONG JIANGCONG, WU GUANGWEN, ZOU YULONG, TAO JING, CHEN LIDIAN. Electroacupuncture promotes neurological functional recovery via the retinoic acid signaling pathway in rats following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:225-31. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Neural acupuncture unit: a new concept for interpreting effects and mechanisms of acupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:429412. [PMID: 22474503 PMCID: PMC3310280 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When an acupuncture needle is inserted into a designated point on the body and
mechanical or electrical stimulation is delivered, various neural and neuroactive
components are activated. The collection of the activated neural and neuroactive
components distributed in the skin, muscle, and connective tissues surrounding the
inserted needle is defined as a neural acupuncture unit (NAU). The traditionally defined
acupoints represent an anatomical landmark system that indicates local sites where NAUs
may contain relatively dense and concentrated neural and neuroactive components, upon
which acupuncture stimulation would elicit a more efficient therapeutic response. The
NAU-based local mechanisms of biochemical and biophysical reactions play an important
role in acupuncture-induced analgesia. Different properties of NAUs are associated with
different components of needling sensation. There exist several central pathways to
convey NAU-induced acupuncture signals, Electroacupuncture (EA) frequency-specific
neurochemical effects are related to different peripheral and central pathways transmitting
afferent signals from different frequency of NAU stimulation. More widespread and intense
neuroimaging responses of brain regions to acupuncture may be a consequence of more
efficient NAU stimulation modes. The introduction of the conception of NAU provides a
new theoretical approach to interpreting effects and mechanisms of acupuncture in
modern biomedical knowledge framework.
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Nam MH, Yin CS, Soh KS, Choi SH. Adult Neurogenesis and Acupuncture Stimulation at ST36. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2011; 4:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Hawley DF, Leasure JL. Region-specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress. Hippocampus 2011; 22:1338-49. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu Q, Li B, Zhu HY, Wang YQ, Yu J, Wu GC. Glia atrophy in the hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model rats is reversed by electroacupuncture treatment. J Affect Disord 2011; 128:309-13. [PMID: 20801523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that glia atrophy contributes to the pathophysiology and possibly the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Electroacupuncture (EA), one of Chinese traditional therapy, has potent antidepressant-like effect in many clinical studies. The mechanism by which EA improves behavioral deficits is still unclear. METHOD Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression model rats were used to study the effect of EA treatment. EA was performed on acupoints 'Bai-Hui' (Du 20) and unilateral 'An-Mian' (EX 17) once daily for three consecutive weeks, two weeks post CUS procedure. The antidepressant-like effect of EA treatment was analyzed by physical state (PS) and open field test (OFT). Astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Exposure to CUS resulted in a decrease of behavioral activity, whereas a daily session of EA treatment significantly reversed the behavioral deficit of these depression model rats. Moreover, the levels of GFAP mRNA and protein were decreased in the hippocampus of depression model rats. Intriguingly, EA treatment blocked effectively the decreased GFAP level. LIMITATION The relative small number of the depression model rats may cause some bias of behavioral tests. CONCLUSION EA has potential antidepressant-like effect on CUS-induced depression model rats, which might be mediated by affecting the glial atrophy in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Electroacupuncture enhances cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in young rat brains. Neurol Sci 2010; 32:369-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Moldenhauer S, Burgauner M, Hellweg R, Lun A, Hohenböken M, Dietz E, Kiesewetter H, Salama A, Moldenhauer A. Mobilization of CD133(+)CD34(-) cells in healthy individuals following whole-body acupuncture for spinal cord injuries. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:1645-50. [PMID: 20029964 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture can alleviate symptoms of spinal cord injuries (SCI). The underlying mechanism, however, is unknown. We hypothesized that stem cells could be mobilized by acupuncture. Therefore, we enrolled 14 healthy study participants using acupuncture points for the treatment of SCI. The frequency of CD133 and CD34 cells in peripheral blood and the serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and interleukin-6 were determined before and after acupuncture (<1 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr). CD133(+)34(-) cells were doubled 48 hr after acupuncture, with concomitant decreases in BDNF and MMP-9 levels. Interleukin-6 remained below detectable levels, eliminating a stress-induced cell release. Individuals acupunctured on control counterpoints showed no changes in CD133(+) cells. Our results indicate that acupuncture for SCI can mobilize human CD133(+)34(-) cells. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Duan DM, Tu Y, Chen LP, Wu ZJ. Efficacy evaluation for depression with somatic symptoms treated by electroacupuncture combined with Fluoxetine. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2010; 29:167-73. [PMID: 19894377 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(09)60057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the clinical therapeutic effects and safety of treating mild or moderate depression with somatic symptoms with electroacupuncture combined with Fluoxetine. METHODS 95 cases of mild or moderate depression with somatic symptoms were randomly divided into a Fluoxetine group, and an electroacupuncture plus Fluoxetine group. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used for the assessment of clinical therapeutic effects and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) was used for assessment of adverse reactions. RESULTS The total effective rate was 77.27% in the Fluoxetine group and 78.26% in the electroacupuncture plus Fluoxetine group, showing no statistically significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05). However, the treatment took effect after two weeks in the electroacupuncture plus Fluoxetine group but after four weeks in Fluoxetine group. During this time, a better therapeutic effect on depression with mild or moderate somatic symptoms was found in the electroacupuncture plus Fluoxetine group, which also had fewer adverse reactions than the Fluoxetine group. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture combined with Fluoxetine takes effect faster for relieving the somatic symptoms with fewer adverse reactions. It is worth popularizing clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Duan
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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HWANG IK, CHUNG JY, YOO DY, YI SS, YOUN HY, SEONG JK, YOON YS. Comparing the Effects of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture at Zusanli and Baihui on Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation in the Rat Hippocampus. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:279-84. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In Koo HWANG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Jin Young CHUNG
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Dae Young YOO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Sun Shin YI
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University
| | - Hwa Young YOUN
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Je Kyung SEONG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
| | - Yeo Sung YOON
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University
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Liu Q, Li B, Zhu HY, Wang YQ, Yu J, Wu GC. Clomipramine treatment reversed the glial pathology in a chronic unpredictable stress-induced rat model of depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 19:796-805. [PMID: 19616923 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that glia pathology contributes to the pathophysiology and possibly the etiology of depression. The study investigates changes in behaviors and glial fibrillary associated protein (GFAP) in the rat hippocampus after chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), a rat model of depression. Furthermore, we studied the effects of clomipramine, one of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), known to modulate serotonin and norepinephrine uptake, on CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors and GFAP levels. Rats exposed to CUS showed behavioral deficits in physical state, open field test and forced swimming test and exhibited a significant decrease in GFAP expression in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the behavioral and GFAP expression changes induced by CUS were reversed by chronic treatment with the antidepressant clomipramine. The beneficial effects of clomipramine treatment on CUS-induced depressive-like behavior and GFAP expression provide further validation of our hypothesis that glial dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of depression and that glial elements may represent viable targets for new antidepressant drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture Research (WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine), Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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CTN-986, a compound extracted from cottonseeds, increases cell proliferation in hippocampus in vivo and in cultured neural progenitor cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 607:110-3. [PMID: 19326568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that Quercetin 3-O-b-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside (CTN-986), a potential antidepressant extracted from glandless cottonseeds, exerted a notable antidepressant-like effect in experimental animal models. Recent evidence suggested, at least in some animal models, that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressant treatment were mediated by the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis. To explore possible mechanisms of CTN-986's antidepressant-like effect, CTN-986 (10 mg/kg, i.g) or imipramine (IMI, 10 mg/kg, i.g) was administered once per day to the chronically stressed mice over 21 days. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that chronic CTN-986 treatment increased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; thymidine analog as a marker for dividing cells)-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in stressed mice, as was the case with chronic IMI treatment. Moreover, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, it was found that exposure to CTN-986 for 4 days dose-dependently increased the proliferation of the cultured hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). This effect was significantly reversed by co-incubation with serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635. These results indicate that CTN-986 increase hippocampal NPCs proliferation which might be closely related to the activation of the 5-HT1A receptor. This finding can shed light on the mechanisms for its antidepressant-like effects.
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Electroacupuncture in the treatment of obesity. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:2023-7. [PMID: 18719995 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming one of the most common health problems in the world. Many other disorders, such as hypertension and diabetes are considered as the consequences of obesity. Since effective remedies are rare (only two drugs, Orlistat and Sibutramine, were officially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for long-term obesity treatment so far), researchers are trying to discover new therapies for obesity, and acupuncture is among the most popular alternative approaches. To facilitate weight reduction, one can use manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture (EA) or transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS). As the parameters of the EA or TEAS can be precisely characterized and the results are more or less reproducible, this review will focus on EA as a treatment modality for obesity. Results obtained in this laboratory in recent five years will be summarized in some detail.
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