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Ishida H, Yamaguchi M, Saito SY, Furukawa T, Shannonhouse JL, Kim YS, Ishikawa T. Na +-dependent inactivation of vascular Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger responsible for reduced peripheral blood flow in neuropathic pain model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174448. [PMID: 34454926 PMCID: PMC8518190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced skin blood flow has been reported in neuropathic pain patients as well as various peripheral neuropathic pain model animals. We have previously shown that vasodilators, which improves reduced skin blood flow, correlatively alleviate neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) mice, a model of neuropathic pain from peripheral nerve injury. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying the reduced skin blood flow in CCI rats. The skin blood flow of the ipsilateral plantar arteries was significantly reduced compared to that of the contralateral ones 4 weeks after loose ligation of the sciatic nerve. The contraction induced by noradrenaline, serotonin, and U46619, a thromboxane receptor agonist, in the isolated ipsilateral plantar arteries was significantly enhanced compared to that in the contralateral ones. KB-R7943, a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor, shifted the concentration-response curves of noradrenaline to the left in the contralateral arteries but had no effect on the ipsilateral side. There was no significant difference in concentration-response curves of noradrenaline between the ipsilateral and contralateral arteries in the presence of KB-R7943. Amiloride, a non-specific inhibitor of Na+ channels and transporters, comparably shifted concentration-response curves of noradrenaline to the left in both the contralateral and ipsilateral arteries. One hundred nM of noradrenaline induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation in the ipsilateral arteries, which was significantly larger than that induced by 300-nM noradrenaline in the contralateral arteries. These results suggest that reduced peripheral blood flow after nerve injury is due to Na+-dependent inactivation of NCX in the ipsilateral plantar arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Ishida
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City,Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Momoka Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City,Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City,Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari City, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Takuma Furukawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City,Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - John L Shannonhouse
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences & Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City,Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Matsumoto T, Takayanagi K, Kojima M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Indoxyl sulfate enhances endothelin-1-induced contraction via impairment of NO/cGMP signaling in rat aorta. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1247-1259. [PMID: 34021781 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome-derived tryptophan metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, is considered a harmful vascular toxin. Here, we examined the effects of indoxyl sulfate on endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced contraction in rat thoracic aortas. Indoxyl sulfate (10-3 M, 60 min) increased ET-1-induced contraction but did not affect isotonic high-K+-induced contraction. The ET-1-induced contraction was enhanced by endothelial denudation in both control and indoxyl sulfate-treated groups. BQ123 (10-6 M), an ETA receptor antagonist, reduced the ET-1-induced contraction in both control and indoxyl sulfate groups. BQ788 (10-6 M), an ETB receptor antagonist, increased the contraction in the control group but had no effect on the indoxyl sulfate group. Conversely, indoxyl sulfate inhibited relaxation induced by IRL1620, an ETB receptor agonist. L-NNA, an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, increased the ET-1-induced contractions in both the control and indoxyl sulfate groups, whereas L-NPA (10-6 M), a specific neuronal NOS inhibitor, did not affect the ET-1-induced contraction in both groups. However, ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, increased the ET-1-induced contraction in both groups. Organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitor probenecid (10-3 M) and antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; 5 × 10-3 M) inhibited the effects of indoxyl sulfate. A cell-permeant superoxide scavenger reduced the ET-1-induced contraction in the indoxyl sulfate group. The aortic activity of SOD was reduced by indoxyl sulfate. The present study revealed that indoxyl sulfate augments ET-1-induced contraction in rat aortae. This enhancement may be due to the impairment of NO/cGMP signaling and may be attributed to impairment of the antioxidant systems via cellular uptake through OATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Takayanagi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mihoka Kojima
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Finsen SH, Hansen MR, Hansen PBL, Mortensen SP. Aldosterone Induces Vasoconstriction in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Acute Antioxidant Administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1262-e1270. [PMID: 33247722 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Plasma aldosterone could contribute by reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms by inducing a shift in the balance between a vasoconstrictor and vasodilator response to aldosterone. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the acute vascular effects of aldosterone in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls and if infusion of an antioxidant (n-acetylcysteine [NAC]) would alter the vascular response. METHODS In a case-control design, 12 participants with type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy controls, recruited from the general community, were studied. Leg hemodynamics were measured before and during aldosterone infusion (0.2 and 5 ng min-1 [L leg volume]-1) for 10 minutes into the femoral artery with and without coinfusion of NAC (125 mg kg-1 hour-1 followed by 25 mg kg-1 hour-1). Leg blood flow and arterial blood pressure was measured, and femoral arterial and venous blood samples were collected. RESULTS Compared with the control group, leg blood flow and vascular conductance decreased during infusion of aldosterone at the high dose in individuals with type 2 diabetes, whereas coinfusion of NAC attenuated this response. Plasma aldosterone increased in both groups during aldosterone infusion and there was no difference between groups at baseline or during the infusions. CONCLUSION These results suggests that type 2 diabetes is associated with a vasoconstrictor response to physiological levels of infused aldosterone and that the antioxidant NAC diminishes this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Høyer Finsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mie Rytz Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Stefan P Mortensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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N-Acetylcysteine-induced vasodilatation is modulated by K ATP channels, Na +/K +-ATPase activity and intracellular calcium concentration: An in vitro study. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:738-745. [PMID: 28577450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and intracellular calcium levels on the vasodilatory effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in thoracic aorta by using electrophysiological and molecular techniques. METHODS Rat thoracic aorta ring preparations and cultured thoracic aorta cells were divided into four groups as control, 2mM NAC, 5mM NAC, and 10mM NAC. Thoracic aorta rings were isolated from rats for measurements of relaxation responses and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In the cultured thoracic aorta cells, we measured the currents of KATP channel, the concentration of intracellular calcium and mRNA expression level of KATP channel subunits (KCNJ8, KCNJ11, ABCC8 and ABCC9). RESULTS The relaxation rate significantly increased in all NAC groups compared to control. Similarly, Na+/K+- ATPase activity also significantly decreased in NAC groups. Outward KATP channel current significantly increased in all NAC groups compared to the control group. Intracellular calcium concentration decreased significantly in all groups with compared control. mRNA expression level of ABCC8 subunit significantly increased in all NAC groups compared to the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that relaxation rate was significantly associated with KATP current, intracellular calcium concentration, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and mRNA expression level of ABCC8 subunit. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NAC relaxes vascular smooth muscle cells through a direct effect on KATP channels, by increasing outward K+ flux, partly by increasing mRNA expression of KATP subunit ABCC8, by decreasing in intracellular calcium and by decreasing in Na+/K+-ATPase activity.
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Hirai DM, Jones JH, Zelt JT, da Silva ML, Bentley RF, Edgett BA, Gurd BJ, Tschakovsky ME, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Oral N-acetylcysteine and exercise tolerance in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1351-1361. [PMID: 28255088 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00990.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heightened oxidative stress is implicated in the progressive impairment of skeletal muscle vascular and mitochondrial function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether accumulation of reactive oxygen species contributes to exercise intolerance in the early stages of COPD is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of oral antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on respiratory, cardiovascular, and locomotor muscle function and exercise tolerance in patients with mild COPD. Thirteen patients [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)-to-forced vital capacity ratio < lower limit of normal (LLN) and FEV1 ≥ LLN) were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized crossover study to receive NAC (1,800 mg/day) or placebo for 4 days. Severe-intensity constant-load exercise tests were performed with noninvasive measurements of central hemodynamics (stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output via impedance cardiography), arterial blood pressure, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange, quadriceps muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and estimated capillary blood flow. Nine patients completed the study with no major adverse clinical effects. Although NAC elevated plasma glutathione by ~27% compared with placebo (P < 0.05), there were no differences in exercise tolerance (placebo: 325 ± 47 s, NAC: 336 ± 51 s), central hemodynamics, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary ventilation or gas exchange, locomotor muscle oxygenation, or capillary blood flow from rest to exercise between conditions (P > 0.05 for all). In conclusion, modulation of plasma redox status with oral NAC treatment was not translated into beneficial effects on central or peripheral components of the oxygen transport pathway, thereby failing to improve exercise tolerance in nonhypoxemic patients with mild COPD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) elevated plasma glutathione but did not modulate central or peripheral components of the O2 transport pathway, thereby failing to improve exercise tolerance in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Hirai
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; .,Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua H Jones
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel T Zelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne L da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Physical Therapy, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Robert F Bentley
- Human Vascular Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany A Edgett
- Queen's Muscle Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- Queen's Muscle Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Michael E Tschakovsky
- Human Vascular Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Ca2+ -regulated lysosome fusion mediates angiotensin II-induced lipid raft clustering in mesenteric endothelial cells. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:227-36. [PMID: 26763850 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that intracellular Ca2+ is involved in lysosome fusion and membrane repair in skeletal cells. Given that angiotensin II (Ang II) elicits an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and that lysosome fusion is a crucial mediator of lipid raft (LR) clustering, we hypothesized that Ang II induces lysosome fusion and activates LR formation in rat mesenteric endothelial cells (MECs). We found that Ang II acutely increased intracellular Ca2+ content, an effect that was inhibited by the extracellular Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). Further study showed that EGTA almost completely blocked Ang II-induced lysosome fusion, the translocation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) to LR clusters, ASMase activation and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activation. In contrast, 2-APB had a slight inhibitory effect. Functionally, both the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and the ASMase inhibitor amitriptyline reversed Ang II-induced impairment of vasodilation. We conclude that Ca2+ -regulated lysosome fusion mediates the Ang II-induced regulation of the LR-redox signaling pathway and mesenteric endothelial dysfunction.
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Roseguini BT, Silva LM, Polotow TG, Barros MP, Souccar C, Han SW. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on skeletal muscle structure and function in a mouse model of peripheral arterial insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61:777-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Chaumais MC, Ranchoux B, Montani D, Dorfmüller P, Tu L, Lecerf F, Raymond N, Guignabert C, Price L, Simonneau G, Cohen-Kaminsky S, Humbert M, Perros F. N-acetylcysteine improves established monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Respir Res 2014; 15:65. [PMID: 24929652 PMCID: PMC4065537 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outcome of patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are predominantly determined by the response of the right ventricle to the increase afterload secondary to high vascular pulmonary resistance. However, little is known about the effects of the current available or experimental PAH treatments on the heart. Recently, inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PAH. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known safe anti-oxidant drug, has immuno-modulatory and cardioprotective properties. We therefore hypothesized that NAC could reduce the severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats exposed to monocrotaline (MCT), lowering inflammation and preserving pulmonary vascular system and right heart function. Methods Saline-treated control, MCT-exposed, MCT-exposed and NAC treated rats (day 14–28) were evaluated at day 28 following MCT for hemodynamic parameters (right ventricular systolic pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output), right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular morphometry, lung inflammatory cells immunohistochemistry (monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells), IL-6 expression, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Results The treatment with NAC significantly decreased pulmonary vascular remodeling, lung inflammation, and improved total pulmonary resistance (from 0.71 ± 0.05 for MCT group to 0.50 ± 0.06 for MCT + NAC group, p < 0.05). Right ventricular function was also improved with NAC treatment associated with a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (625 ± 69 vs. 439 ± 21 μm2 for MCT and MCT + NAC group respectively, p < 0.001) and heart fibrosis (14.1 ± 0.8 vs. 8.8 ± 0.1% for MCT and MCT + NAC group respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions Through its immuno-modulatory and cardioprotective properties, NAC has beneficial effect on pulmonary vascular and right heart function in experimental PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Perros
- UMRS 999, INSERM et Univ, Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 133 Avenue de la Résistance, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
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Chen QZ, Han WQ, Chen J, Zhu DL, Chen-Yan, Gao PJ. Anti-stiffness effect of apocynin in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats via inhibition of oxidative stress. Hypertens Res 2012; 36:306-12. [PMID: 23160437 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to determine if apocynin, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, would attenuate arterial stiffness in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats via structural and functional changes in conduit arteries. We showed that tail blood pressure was significantly higher in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertensive (DSH) rats compared with the sham control group (P<0.01). Morphological analysis and biochemical assay showed that large arteries in DSH rats underwent significant remodeling including increased medial thickness in carotid arteries compared with the control rats (194.25±5.66 vs. 120.48±7.93 μm, P<0.05) and increased collagen deposition in thoracic aorta (1.03±0.09 vs. 0.85±0.04 mg cm(-1), P<0.05). These changes were associated with increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and increased thoracic aortic stiffness compared with the control rats (6.21±0.79 m s(-1) vs. 4.64±0.59 m s(-1), P<0.01). Treatment with apocynin significantly prevented ROS increases and collagen deposition (0.84±0.04 vs. 1.03±0.09 mg cm(-1), P<0.05), and reduced arterial stiffness as shown by decreased pulse wave velocity in the thoracic aorta (5.31±0.88 vs. 6.21±0.79 m s(-1), P<0.01). Additionally, apocynin prevented carotid artery wall thickening (58.57±3.40 vs. 78.89±4.10 μm, P<0.05). In conclusion we have shown that increased ROS level is associated with increased aortic stiffness, and deposition of collagen in the aortic arterial wall in DSH rats. Apocynin prevented ROS increases and arterial stiffness in DSH rats. Antioxidant therapy may be a potential treatment of large arterial stiffness in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Improved renal recovery with postresuscitation N-acetylcysteine treatment in asphyxiated newborn pigs. Shock 2011; 35:428-33. [PMID: 20938377 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181fffec2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal injury is one of the severe and common complications that occurs early in neonates with asphyxia, and reactive oxygen species have been implicated to play an important role on its pathogenesis. Improved renal recovery has been shown previously with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in various acute kidney injuries. Using a subacute swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), we examined whether NAC can sustain its beneficial effect on renal recovery for 48 h. Newborn piglets were randomly assigned into a sham-operated group (without H/R, n = 6) and two H/R experimental groups (n = 8 each) with 2 h normocapnic alveolar hypoxia and 1 h 100% oxygen of reoxygenation followed by 21% oxygen for 47 h. Five minutes after reoxygenation, piglets received either normal saline (H/R control) or NAC (150-mg/kg bolus and 20 mg/kg per hour i.v. for 24 h) in a blinded, randomized fashion. All piglets were acidotic and in cardiogenic shock after hypoxia. Treating the piglets with NAC significantly increased both renal blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the reoxygenation period. N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment also improved the renal function with the attenuation of elevated urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity and plasma creatinine concentration observed in H/R controls (both P < 0.05). The tissue levels of lipid hydroperoxides and caspase 3 in the kidney of NAC-treated animals were significantly lower than those of H/R controls. Conclusively, postresuscitation administration of NAC elicits a prolonged beneficial effect in improving renal functional recovery and reducing oxidative stress in newborn piglets with H/R insults for 48 h.
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Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SAS, Al-Jabi SW. N-acetylcysteine-induced headache in hospitalized patients with acute acetaminophen overdose. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:405-10. [PMID: 20584210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV-NAC) is usually regarded as a safe antidote to acetaminophen overdose. However, during infusion of the loading dose, adverse drug reactions such as a headache may occur. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of headache in patients presenting to hospital after acetaminophen overdose and to determine which clinical findings are most predictive of headache among these patients. This is a retrospective cohort study of hospital admissions for acute acetaminophen overdose that was conducted over a period of 4 years from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2008. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and predictors of headache were analyzed. spss 15 was used for data analysis. Two-hundred and fifty-five patients were studied; their mean age was 23.1 ± 1.6; 83.9% of them were women and 14.9% had a headache during hospitalization. Headache among patients was significantly associated with IV-NAC administration (P = 0.001), intentional ingestion of drug (P = 0.04), acetaminophen concentration above 'possible toxicity' treatment line (P = 0.04), a high acetaminophen concentration (P = 0.04), and a long hospital stay (P = 0.03). Multiple logistic regression showed a significant risk factor for headache in patients administered IV-NAC (P = 0.04). We recorded a high frequency of headache in patients with acute acetaminophen overdose in our geographical area. This study suggests that among those patients, the use of IV-NAC is associated with an increased risk of headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ed H Zyoud
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Information, National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia.
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Khanna V, Jain M, Barthwal MK, Kalita D, Boruah JJ, Das SP, Islam NS, Ramasarma T, Dikshit M. Vasomodulatory effect of novel peroxovanadate compounds on rat aorta: Role of rho kinase and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:274-82. [PMID: 21497197 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat aortic ring vasoreactivity and integrity by using various peroxovanadate (pV) compounds. All the pV compounds (1nM-300 μM) used in the present study exerted concentration-dependent contractions on endothelium intact rat aortic rings. All compounds with an exception of DPV-asparagine (DPV-asn) significantly altered vascular integrity as shown by diminished KCl responses. Phenylephrine (PE)-mediated contractions (3nM-300 μM) were unaltered in the presence of these compounds. Acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated relaxation in PE (1μM) pre-contracted rings was significantly reduced in presence of diperoxovanadate (DPV), poly (sodium styrene sulfonate-co-maleate)-pV (PSS-CoM-pV) and poly (sodium styrene 4-sulfonate)-pV (PSS-pV). However, no significant change in Ach-mediated responses was observed in the presence of poly (acrylate)-pV (PAA-pV) and DPV-asn. DPV-asn was thus chosen to further elucidate mechanism involved in peroxide mediated modulation of vasoreactivity. DPV-asn (30nM - 300 μM) exerted significantly more stable contractions, that was found to be catalase (100U/ml) resistant in comparison with H(2)O(2) (30nM-300 μM) in endothelium intact aortic rings. These contractile responses were found to be dependent on extracellular Ca(2+) and were significantly inhibited in presence of ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (100 μM). Intracellular calcium chelation by BAPTA-AM (10μM) had no significant effect on DPV-asn (30nM-300 μM) mediated contraction. Pretreatment of aortic rings by rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10μM) significantly inhibited DPV-asn-mediated vasoconstriction indicating role of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx and downstream activation of rho-kinase. The small initial relaxant effect obtained on addition of DPV-asn (30nM-1 μM) in PE (1 μM) pre-contracted endothelium intact rings, was prevented in the presence of guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (10 μM) and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-NAME (100 μM) suggesting involvement of nitric oxide and cGMP. DPV-asn, like H(2)O(2), exerted a response of vasoconstriction in normal arteries and vasodilation at low concentrations (30nM-1 μM) in PE-pre contracted rings with overlapping mechanisms. These findings suggest usefulness of DPV-asn having low toxicity, in exploring the peroxide-mediated effects on various vascular beds. The present study also convincingly demonstrates role of H(2)O(2) in the modulation of vasoreactivity by using stable peroxide DPV-asn and warrants future studies on peroxide mediated signaling from a newer perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Khanna
- Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Chattar Manzil Palace, M G Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Different biomechanical properties of medial and adventitial layers of thoracic aorta in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1319-23. [PMID: 20802506 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the biomechanical properties of thoracic aorta with or without adventitia, and to determine whether there are corresponding changes with hypertension. METHODS Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the age of 16 and 32 weeks were used. Thoracic aortic adventitial layer was mechanically separated from thoracic aorta and the adventitia-denuded artery ring was viewed as thoracic media. A load-strain curve was obtained by stretching the ring-shaped intact thoracic aorta or thoracic media with a tensile testing machine. Then, the slope of the load-stain curve at 30%-40% strains was viewed as the elastic stiffness at physiological load, whereas the slope near the breaking point was calculated as maximum stiffness. The maximum load is the load at the breaking point. RESULTS There was no significant difference in elastic stiffness and maximum stiffness of intact thoracic aorta between SHR and age-matched WKY. The elastic stiffness of intact thoracic aorta showed no significant difference from that of thoracic media in WKY and SHR at both ages. In contrast, both maximum stiffness and maximum load were reduced in thoracic media compared with intact thoracic aorta in SHR and WKY at both ages. CONCLUSION These results indicated that vascular adventitia contributes to maximum stiffness, but not elastic stiffness in both SHR and WKY.
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