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Kodama K, Kawaoka T, Kosaka M, Johira Y, Shirane Y, Miura R, Yano S, Murakami S, Amioka K, Naruto K, Ando Y, Kosaka Y, Uchikawa S, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Okamoto W, Yamauchi M, Miki D, Imamura M, Kuroda S, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H, Aikata H, Chayama K. Calcium channel blockers improve the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after resection. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:676-683. [PMID: 35849192 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary cancer of the liver. It is highly malignant and its prognosis is very poor. Although there have been various reports on the effects of calcium channel blockers on cancer, the effects of calcium channel blockers on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have not been reported so far. METHODS Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by hepatectomy between January 2002 and May 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. We compared prognosis and time to recurrence between patients treated with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (n = 29) and those not treated with CCBs (n = 50). Propensity score matching reduced confounding biases and yielded 25 matched patient pairs. Survival between groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier analyses, logrank tests, and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Overall survival and recurrence-free survival of the CCBs group were significantly longer than those of the non-CCBs group OS in the original cohort and matched cohort (98 months vs 45 months, p = 0.010; 96 months vs 22 months, p = 0.020, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that CCBs treatment was independently associated with overall survival (HR, 0.37; 95% CI 0.16-0.85; p = 0.019) and recurrence-free survival (HR, 0.39; 95% CI 0.17-0.90; p = 0.020) in the original cohort and matched cohort, respectively. CONCLUSION CCBs treatment might improve prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masanari Kosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yusuke Johira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Shirane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Serami Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Amioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naruto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuwa Ando
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yumi Kosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Cancer Treatment Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masami Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Fu B, Dou X, Zou M, Lu H, Wang K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Wang W, Jin M, Kong D. Anticancer Effects of Amlodipine Alone or in Combination With Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902305. [PMID: 35721193 PMCID: PMC9198715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amlodipine is a Ca2+ channel blocker commonly used to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and angina; however, its anticancer effects in lung cancer A549 cells remain unknown. In the present study, we explored the antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of amlodipine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. We observed that amlodipine suppressed the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells by arresting the tumor cell cycle. Mechanistically, our results revealed that amlodipine could attenuate the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and modulated cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclin D1, p-Rb, p27, and p21. Subsequently, amlodipine combined with gefitinib could synergistically inhibit cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle. Moreover, amlodipine combined with gefitinib effectively attenuated the growth of A549 lung cancer xenografts when compared with monotherapy, affording an excellent therapeutic effect. Collectively, our results indicate that amlodipine alone or combined with the novel anticancer drug gefitinib might be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Dou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Amlodipine improves the outcomes of regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:389-393. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carlos-Escalante JA, de Jesús-Sánchez M, Rivas-Castro A, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Arce C, Wegman-Ostrosky T. The Use of Antihypertensive Drugs as Coadjuvant Therapy in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660943. [PMID: 34094953 PMCID: PMC8173186 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex group of diseases that constitute the second largest cause of mortality worldwide. The development of new drugs for treating this disease is a long and costly process, from the discovery of the molecule through testing in phase III clinical trials, a process during which most candidate molecules fail. The use of drugs currently employed for the management of other diseases (drug repurposing) represents an alternative for developing new medical treatments. Repurposing existing drugs is, in principle, cheaper and faster than developing new drugs. Antihypertensive drugs, primarily belonging to the pharmacological categories of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors, direct aldosterone antagonists, β-blockers and calcium channel blockers, are commonly prescribed and have well-known safety profiles. Additionally, some of these drugs have exhibited pharmacological properties useful for the treatment of cancer, rendering them candidates for drug repurposing. In this review, we examine the preclinical and clinical evidence for utilizing antihypertensive agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Carlos-Escalante
- Plan de Estudios Combinados En Medicina (PECEM) (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela de Jesús-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba-Córdoba, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rivas-Castro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Arce
- Medical Oncology/Breast Tumors, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Basic Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Marín-Prida J, Pardo Andreu GL, Rossignoli CP, Durruthy MG, Rodríguez EO, Reyes YV, Acosta RF, Uyemura SA, Alberici LC. The cytotoxic effects of VE-3N, a novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, involve the mitochondrial bioenergetic disruption via uncoupling mechanisms. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:21-30. [PMID: 28363597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives overcome the multidrug resistance in tumors, but their intrinsic cytotoxic mechanisms remain unclear. Here we addressed if mitochondria are involved in the cytotoxicity of the novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative VE-3N [ethyl 6-chloro-5-formyl-2-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate] towards cancer cells by employing hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cells and isolated rat liver mitochondria. In HepG2 cells, VE-3N induced mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, ATP depletion, annexin V/propidium iodide double labeling, and Hoechst staining; events indicating apoptosis induction. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, VE-3N promoted mitochondrial uncoupling by exerting protonophoric actions and by increasing membrane fluidity. Mitochondrial uncoupling was evidenced by an increase in resting respiration, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibition of Ca2+ uptake, stimulation of Ca2+ release, decrease in ATP synthesis, and swelling of valinomycin-treated organelles in hyposmotic potassium acetate media. Furthermore, uncoupling concentrations of VE-3N in the presence of Ca2+ plus ruthenium red induced the mitochondrial permeability transition process. These results indicate that mitochondrial uncoupling is potentially involved in the VE-3N cytotoxic actions towards HepG2 cells. Considering that hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form of liver cancer, our findings may open a new avenue for the development of VE-3N-based cancer therapies, and help to unravel the cytotoxic mechanisms of 1,4-dihydropyridines towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilberto L Pardo Andreu
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Camila Pederiva Rossignoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael González Durruthy
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Estael Ochoa Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata st./G and Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado Plaza de la Revolución, PO 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia Reyes
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata st./G and Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado Plaza de la Revolución, PO 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Roberto Fernández Acosta
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sergio A Uyemura
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pharmacological targeting of ion channels for cancer therapy: In vivo evidences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1385-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Andrews AM, Rizzo V. Microparticle-Induced Activation of the Vascular Endothelium Requires Caveolin-1/Caveolae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149272. [PMID: 26891050 PMCID: PMC4758735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane fragments shed from normal as well as activated, apoptotic or injured cells. Emerging evidence implicates MPs as a causal and/or contributing factor in altering normal vascular cell phenotype through initiation of proinflammatory signal transduction events and paracrine delivery of proteins, mRNA and miRNA. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which MPs influence these events. Caveolae are important membrane microdomains that function as centers of signal transduction and endocytosis. Here, we tested the concept that the MP-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype shift in endothelial cells (ECs) depends on caveolae. Consistent with previous reports, MP challenge activated ECs as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 upregulation was mediated by activation of NF-κB, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This response was absent in ECs lacking caveolin-1/caveolae. To test whether caveolae-mediated endocytosis, a dynamin-2 dependent process, is a feature of the proinflammatory response, EC’s were pretreated with the dynamin-2 inhibitor dynasore. Similar to observations in cells lacking caveolin-1, inhibition of endocytosis significantly attenuated MPs effects including, EGFR phosphorylation, activation of NF-κB and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Thus, our results indicate that caveolae play a role in mediating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways which lead to EC activation in response to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Andrews
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yoshida J, Iwabuchi K, Matsui T, Ishibashi T, Masuoka T, Nishio M. Knockdown of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) suppresses store-operated calcium entry, cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1592-603. [PMID: 23022228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium (Ca(2+)) entry (SOCE) is important for cellular activities such as gene transcription, cell cycle progression and proliferation in most non-excitable cells. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a newly identified Ca(2+)-sensing protein, monitors the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores and activates store-operated Ca(2+) channels at the plasma membrane to induce SOCE. To investigate the possible roles of STIM1 in tumor growth in relation to SOCE, we established STIM1 knockdown (KD) clones of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells by RNA interference. Thapsigargin, an inhibitor of ER Ca(2+)-ATPase, -induced and phospholipase C-coupled receptor agonist-induced SOCEs were reduced in two STIM1 KD clones compared to a negative control clone. Re-expression of a KD-resistant full-length STIM1, but not a Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channel activation domain (CAD)-deleted STIM1 mutant, in the KD clone restored the amplitude of SOCE, suggesting the specificity of the STIM1 knockdown. The cell growth of the STIM1 KD clones was slower than that of the negative control clone. DNA synthesis assessed by BrdU incorporation, as well as EGF-stimulated EGF receptor activation, decreased in the STIM1 KD clones. Xenograft growth of the STIM1 KD clones was significantly retarded compared with that of the negative control. Cell migration was attenuated in the STIM1 KD clone and the STIM1 silencing effect was reversed by transient re-expression of the full-length STIM1 but not CAD-deletion mutant. These results indicate that STIM1 plays an important role in SOCE, cell-growth and tumorigenicity in human epidermoid carcinoma A431cells, suggesting the potential use of STIM1-targeting agents for treating epidermoid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yoshida
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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Sharma A, Trane A, Yu C, Jasmin JF, Bernatchez P. Amlodipine increases endothelial nitric oxide release by modulating binding of native eNOS protein complex to caveolin-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 659:206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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