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Law SH, Chan ML, Marathe GK, Parveen F, Chen CH, Ke LY. An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051149. [PMID: 30845751 PMCID: PMC6429061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly recognized as a key marker/factor positively associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, findings from recent clinical lipidomic studies of LPC have been controversial. A key issue is the complexity of the enzymatic cascade involved in LPC metabolism. Here, we address the coordination of these enzymes and the derangement that may disrupt LPC homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. LPC is mainly derived from the turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the circulation by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In the presence of Acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) converts LPC to PC, which rapidly gets recycled by the Lands cycle. However, overexpression or enhanced activity of PLA2 increases the LPC content in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL, which play significant roles in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction. The intracellular enzyme LPCAT cannot directly remove LPC from circulation. Hydrolysis of LPC by autotaxin, an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, generates lysophosphatidic acid, which is highly associated with cancers. Although enzymes with lysophospholipase A1 activity could theoretically degrade LPC into harmless metabolites, they have not been found in the circulation. In conclusion, understanding enzyme kinetics and LPC metabolism may help identify novel therapeutic targets in LPC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Medical College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Gopal K Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India.
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Jung HJ, Im SS, Song DK, Bae JH. Effects of chlorogenic acid on intracellular calcium regulation in lysophosphatidylcholine-treated endothelial cells. BMB Rep 2018; 50:323-328. [PMID: 28088946 PMCID: PMC5498143 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.6.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a major phospholipid component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and is implicated in its atherogenic activity. This study investigated the effects of LPC on cell viability, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and the protective mechanisms of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). LPC increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) by releasing Ca2+ from intracellular stores and via Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOCs). LPC also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased cell viability. The mRNA expression of Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel 1 was increased significantly by LPC treatment and suppressed by CGA. CGA inhibited LPC-induced Ca2+ influx and ROS generation, and restored cell viability. These results suggested that CGA inhibits SOC-mediated Ca2+ influx and ROS generation by attenuating TRPC1 expression in LPC-treated HUVECs. Therefore, CGA might protect endothelial cells against LPC injury, thereby inhibiting atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Jung
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li GR. TRPC1/TRPC3 channels mediate lysophosphatidylcholine-induced apoptosis in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscles cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50937-50951. [PMID: 27472391 PMCID: PMC5239449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The earlier study showed that lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) induced apoptosis in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs); however, the related molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study investigated how lysoPC induces apoptosis in cultured human coronary artery SMCs using cell viability assay, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and molecular biological approaches. We found that lysoPC reduced cell viability in human coronary artery SMCs by eliciting a remarkable Ca2+ influx. The effect was antagonized by La3+, SKF-96365, or Pyr3 as well as by silencing TRPC1 or TRPC3. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that TRPC1 and TRPC3 had protein-protein interaction. Silencing TRPC1 or TRPC3 countered the lysoPC-induced increase of Ca2+ influx and apoptosis, and the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and decrease of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the survival kinase pAkt. These results demonstrate the novel information that TRPC1/TRPC3 channels mediate lysoPC-induced Ca2+ influx and apoptosis via activating the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the survival kinase pAkt in human coronary artery SMCs, which implies that TRPC1/TRC3 channels may be the therapeutic target of lysoPC-induced disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gui-Rong Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Medical School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Groschner K, Shrestha N, Fameli N. Cardiovascular and Hemostatic Disorders: SOCE in Cardiovascular Cells: Emerging Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:473-503. [PMID: 28900929 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) phenomenon is tightly associated with its recognition as a pathway of high (patho)physiological significance in the cardiovascular system. Early on, SOCE has been investigated primarily in non-excitable cell types, and the vascular endothelium received particular attention, while a role of SOCE in excitable cells, specifically cardiac myocytes and pacemakers, was initially ignored and remains largely enigmatic even to date. With the recent gain in knowledge on the molecular components of SOCE as well as their cellular organization within nanodomains, potential tissue/cell type-dependent heterogeneity of the SOCE machinery along with high specificity of linkage to downstream signaling pathways emerged for cardiovascular cells. The basis of precise decoding of cellular Ca2+ signals was recently uncovered to involve correct spatiotemporal organization of signaling components, and even minor disturbances in these assemblies trigger cardiovascular pathologies. With this chapter, we wish to provide an overview on current concepts of cellular organization of SOCE signaling complexes in cardiovascular cells with particular focus on the spatiotemporal aspects of coupling to downstream signaling and the potential disturbance of these mechanisms by pathogenic factors. The significance of these mechanistic concepts for the development of novel therapeutic strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Niroj Shrestha
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicola Fameli
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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