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Dai ZK, Chen YC, Hsieh SL, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu BN. The Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced TRPC1 Expression and Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:440. [PMID: 38675401 PMCID: PMC11053947 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia results in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). An increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation. This study investigated the mechanism by which KMUP-1, a xanthine derivative with phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, inhibits hypoxia-induced canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) protein overexpression and regulates [Ca2+]i through store-operated calcium channels (SOCs). Ex vivo PASMCs were cultured from Sprague-Dawley rats in a modular incubator chamber under 1% O2/5% CO2 for 24 h to elucidate TRPC1 overexpression and observe the Ca2+ release and entry. KMUP-1 (1 μM) inhibited hypoxia-induced TRPC family protein encoded for SOC overexpression, particularly TRPC1. KMUP-1 inhibition of TRPC1 protein was restored by the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT5823 (1 μM) and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT5720 (1 μM). KMUP-1 attenuated protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 1 μM)-upregulated TRPC1. We suggest that the effects of KMUP-1 on TRPC1 might involve activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/PKG and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA pathways and inhibiting the PKC pathway. We also used Fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester (Fura 2-AM, 5 μM) to measure the stored calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and calcium entry through SOCs in hypoxic PASMCs under treatment with thapsigargin (1 μM) and nifedipine (5 μM). In hypoxic conditions, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) activity was enhanced in PASMCs, and KMUP-1 diminished this activity. In conclusion, KMUP-1 inhibited the expression of TRPC1 protein and the activity of SOC-mediated Ca2+ entry upon SR Ca2+ depletion in hypoxic PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Z.-K.D.); (J.-H.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Z.-K.D.); (J.-H.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Remiszewski P, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Mińczuk K, Schlicker E, Klimek J, Dzięcioł J, Malinowska B. Effects of the peripheral CB1 receptor antagonist JD5037 in mono— and polytherapy with the AMPK activator metformin in a monocrotaline-induced rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965613. [PMID: 36120288 PMCID: PMC9479636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and right heart failure. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, metformin, has a protective effect against PH. CB1 receptor blockade reduces the number of pathological alterations in experimental lung fibrosis. The current study evaluates the effect of the peripheral cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist JD5037 in mono- and polytherapy with metformin in rat monocrotaline-induced mild PH. Animals received metformin (100 mg/kg), JD5037 (3 mg/kg), or a combination of both once daily for 21 days. Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) increased right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP), led to RV and lung hypertrophy and remodeling, and decreased oxygen saturation. Metformin partially restored the monocrotaline-induced effects, i.e., decreased RVSP, increased oxygen saturation, and counteracted cardiac fibrotic, hypertrophic, and inflammatory changes. JD5037 modified parameters related to inflammation and/or fibrosis. Only polytherapy with metformin and JD5037 improved Fulton’s index and coronary artery hypertrophy and tended to be more effective than monotherapy against alterations in RVSP, oxygen saturation and coronary artery tunica media vacuolization. In conclusion, monotherapy with JD5037 does not markedly influence the PH-related changes. However, polytherapy with metformin tends to be more efficient than any of these compounds alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Remiszewski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mińczuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Justyna Klimek
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Dzięcioł
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Barbara Malinowska,
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Guntur D, Olschewski H, Enyedi P, Csáki R, Olschewski A, Nagaraj C. Revisiting the Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium (BKCa) Channels in the Pulmonary Circulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1629. [PMID: 34827626 PMCID: PMC8615660 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion concentrations, controlled by ion pumps and potassium channels, predominantly govern a cell's membrane potential and the tone in the vessels. Calcium-activated potassium channels respond to two different stimuli-changes in voltage and/or changes in intracellular free calcium. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels assemble from pore forming and various modulatory and auxiliary subunits. They are of vital significance due to their very high unitary conductance and hence their ability to rapidly cause extreme changes in the membrane potential. The pathophysiology of lung diseases in general and pulmonary hypertension, in particular, show the implication of either decreased expression and partial inactivation of BKCa channel and its subunits or mutations in the genes encoding different subunits of the channel. Signaling molecules, circulating humoral molecules, vasorelaxant agents, etc., have an influence on the open probability of the channel in pulmonary arterial vascular cells. BKCa channel is a possible therapeutic target, aimed to cause vasodilation in constricted or chronically stiffened vessels, as shown in various animal models. This review is a comprehensive collation of studies on BKCa channels in the pulmonary circulation under hypoxia (hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; HPV), lung pathology, and fetal to neonatal transition, emphasising pharmacological interventions as viable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Guntur
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Péter Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (P.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Réka Csáki
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (P.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Cheng KI, Yang KT, Kung CL, Cheng YC, Yeh JL, Dai ZK, Wu BN. BK Ca Channel Inhibition by Peripheral Nerve Injury Is Restored by the Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 in Dorsal Root Ganglia. Cells 2021; 10:949. [PMID: 33923953 PMCID: PMC8073306 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored whether KMUP-1 improved chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced BKCa current inhibition in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham + KMUP-1, CCI, and CCI + KMUP-1 (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). DRG neuronal cells (L4-L6) were isolated on day 7 after CCI surgery. Perforated patch-clamp and inside-out recordings were used to monitor BKCa currents and channel activities, respectively, in the DRG neurons. Additionally, DRG neurons were immunostained with anti-NeuN, anti-NF200 and anti-BKCa. Real-time PCR was used to measure BKCa mRNA levels. In perforated patch-clamp recordings, CCI-mediated nerve injury inhibited BKCa currents in DRG neurons compared with the sham group, whereas KMUP-1 prevented this effect. CCI also decreased BKCa channel activity, which was recovered by KMUP-1 administration. Immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that CCI reduced BKCa-channel proteins, and KMUP-1 reversed this. KMUP-1 also changed CCI-reduced BKCa mRNA levels. KMUP-1 prevented CCI-induced neuropathic pain and BKCa current inhibition in a peripheral nerve injury model, suggesting that KMUP-1 could be a potential agent for controlling neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kan-Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Chien-Lun Kung
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Yu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ren LS, Zhang L, Zhu D, Li T, Wang Q, Yuan XY, Hao LR. KMUP-1 regulates the vascular calcification in chronic renal failure by mediating NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 253:117683. [PMID: 32315727 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of KMUP-1 in the vascular calcification of chronic renal failure (CRF) through mediating NO/cGMP/PKG pathway, and provide novel insights into the CRF treatment. METHODS CRF rats were treated by KMUP-1 with/without L-NNA (a NOS inhibitor) and then performed by ELISA, alizarin red staining, Von Kossa staining, Masson's trichrome, Sirius red staining and CD3 immunohistochemical staining. Simultaneously, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were collected from rats to confirm the effect of KMUP-1 on vascular calcification in vitro via NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Besides, protein and mRNA expressions were determined via Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS CRF rats were elevated in 24-h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, Cys-C levels and inflammatory cytokines. Besides, CRF rats also showed increased calcium content and ALP level with up-regulated mRNA of osteogenic differentiation-related markers. Furthermore, the up-regulated expressions of eNOS and PKG, as well as down-regulated levels of NOx and cGMP were also found in CRF rats. However, renal failure and vascular calcification of CRF were improved significantly by KMUP-1 treatment via activation of NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Moreover, KMUP-1 treatment attenuated calcified VSMCs, accompanied by the decreases in the calcified nodules, level of calcium and activity of ALP. In addition, either L-NNA treatment for CRF rats or the calcified VSMCs could antagonize the improving effect of KMUP-1. CONCLUSION KMUP-1 can improve the renal function and vascular calcification in CRF rats at least in part by activating NO/cGMP/PKG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue-Ying Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li-Rong Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Stimulation of nitric oxide-sensitive soluble guanylate cyclase in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2018; 203:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang L, Ma R, Liu C, Liu H, Zhu R, Guo S, Tang M, Li Y, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Potential Red Light to the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1077-1097. [PMID: 27748194 PMCID: PMC5421141 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161010105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as Danshen in Chinese, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China and other Asia countries. Here, we summarize literatures of the historical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interpretation of the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza, its use in current clinical trials, its main phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological findings by consulting Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, and the Web of Science Databases. Since 2000, 39 clinical trials have been identified that used S. miltiorrhiza in TCM prescriptions alone or with other herbs for the treatment of patients with CVD. More than 200 individual compounds have been isolated and characterized from S. miltiorrhiza, which exhibited various pharmacological activities targeting different pathways for the treatment of CVD in various animal and cell models. The isolated compounds may provide new perspectives in alternative treatment regimes and reveal novel chemical scaffolds for the development of anti-CVD drugs. Meanwhile, there are also some rising concerns of the potential side effects and drug-drug interactions of this plant. The insights gained from this study will help us to better understanding of the actions of this herb for management of cardiovascular disorders. As an herb of red root, S. miltiorrhiza will act as a potential red light to prevent the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minke Tang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Liu XC, Wang Q, She YS, Chen S, Luo X, Xu H, Zang DA, Zhang WJ, Qiu JY, Liu BB, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Xue L, Chen W, Ma LQ, Fu X, Chen J, Liu QH, Yu MF. Hypertonic saline inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting Ca 2+ sensitization. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1053-1059. [PMID: 28682475 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hypertonic solution on airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that hypertonic saline (HS) inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of ASM from the mouse trachea and human bronchi. In single mouse ASM cells (ASMCs), ACh induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ that was further enhanced by 5% NaCl, indicating that the HS-induced inhibition of ASM contraction was not mediated by a decrease in cytosolic Ca2+ . The Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 relaxed ACh-induced precontraction of mouse tracheal rings. However, such inhibition was not observed after the relaxation induced by 5% NaCl. Moreover, the incubation of mouse tracheal rings with 5% NaCl decreased ACh-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. These data indicate that HS inhibits the contraction of ASM by inhibiting Ca2+ sensitization, not by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cao Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Shan She
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Ying Qiu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Dai ZK, Kao CL, Hsieh SL, Chen IJ, Wu BN. Restoration of uridine 5'-triphosphate-suppressed delayed rectifying K + currents by an NO activator KMUP-1 involves RhoA/Rho kinase signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:607-613. [PMID: 27914611 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) blunts monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by altering Ca2+ sensitivity, K+-channel function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) expression. This study further investigated whether KMUP-1 impedes uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP)-inhibited delayed rectifying K+ (KDR) current in rat pulmonary arteries involved the RhoA/ROCK signaling. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were enzymatically dissociated from rat pulmonary arteries. KMUP-1 (30μM) attenuated UTP (30μM)-mediated membrane depolarization and abolished UTP-enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to monitor KDR currents. A voltage-dependent KDR current was isolated and shown to consist of a 4-aminopyridine (5mM)-sensitive component and an insensitive component. The 4-aminopyridine sensitive KDR current was suppressed by UTP (30μM). The ROCK inhibitor Y27632 (30μM) abolished the ability of UTP to inhibit the KDR current. Like Y27632, KMUP-1 (30μM) similarly abolished UTP-inhibited KDR currents. Superfused protein kinase A and protein kinase G inhibitors (KT5720, 300nM and KT5823, 300nM) did not affect UTP-inhibited KDR currents, but the currents were restored by adding KMUP-1 (30μM) to the superfusate. KMUP-1 reversal of KDR current inhibition by UTP predominantly involves the ROCK inhibition. The results indicate that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a key role in eliciting PASMCs depolarization caused by UTP, which would result in pulmonary artery constriction. KMUP-1 blocks UTP-mediated PASMCs depolarization, suggesting that it would prevent abnormal pulmonary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ling Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Dai ZK, Liu YW, Hsu JH, Yeh JL, Chen IJ, Wu JR, Wu BN. The Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 Attenuates Serotonin-Induced Vasoconstriction and K⁺-Channel Inhibitory Activity via the PKC Pathway in Pulmonary Arteries. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:633-42. [PMID: 25999786 PMCID: PMC4440253 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor that promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. 5-HT-induced K+ channel inhibition increases [Ca2+]i in PASMCs, which is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study investigated whether KMUP-1 reduces pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) and attenuates 5-HT-inhibited K+ channel activities in PASMCs. In endothelium-denuded PA rings, KMUP-1 (1 μM) dose-dependently reduced 5-HT (100 μM) mediated contractile responses. Responses to KMUP-1 were reversed by K+ channel inhibitors (TEA, 10 mM, 4-aminopyridine, 5 mM, and paxilline, 10 μM). In primary PASMCs, KMUP-1 also dose-dependently restored 5-HT-inhibited voltage-gated K+-channel (Kv1.5 and Kv2.1) and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channel (BKCa) proteins, as confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, 5-HT (10 μM)-inhibited Kv1.5 protein was unaffected by the PKA inhibitor KT5720 (1 μM) and the PKC activator PMA (1 μM), but these effects were reversed by KMUP-1 (1 μM), 8-Br-cAMP (100 μM), chelerythrine (1 μM), and KMUP-1 combined with a PKA/PKC activator or inhibitor. Notably, KMUP-1 reversed 5-HT-inhibited Kv1.5 protein and this response was significantly attenuated by co-incubation with the PKC activator PMA, suggesting that 5-HT-mediated PKC signaling can be modulated by KMUP-1. In conclusion, KMUP-1 ameliorates 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction and K+-channel inhibition through the PKC pathway, which could be valuable to prevent the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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11
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Dai ZK, Lin TC, Liou JC, Cheng KI, Chen JY, Chu LW, Chen IJ, Wu BN. Xanthine derivative KMUP-1 reduces inflammation and hyperalgesia in a bilateral chronic constriction injury model by suppressing MAPK and NFκB activation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1621-31. [PMID: 24669856 DOI: 10.1021/mp5000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) could improve pain hypersensitivity and reduce inflammatory mediators, and also explore possible mechanisms in the rat sciatic nerve using bilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) to induce neuropathic pain. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, Sham+KMUP-1, CCI, and CCI+KMUP-1. KMUP-1 (5 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally starting at day 1 after surgery. Mechanical and thermal responses were assessed before surgery and at days 3, 7, and 14 after CCI. Sciatic nerves around the injury site were isolated for Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze protein and cytokine levels. The results show that thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were reduced in the KMUP-1 treated group as compared to that in the CCI group. Inflammatory proteins (COX2, iNOS, and nNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) induced by CCI were decreased in the KMUP-1 treated group at day 7 after surgery. KMUP-1 also inhibited neuropathic pain-related mechanisms, including p38 and ERK activation, but not JNK. Furthermore, KMUP-1 blocked IκB phosphorylation (p-IκB) and phospho-nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB) translocation to nuclei. Double immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that p-IκB (an indicator of activated NFκB) and p-NFκB proteins were almost abolished by KMUP-1 in peripheral macrophages and spinal microglia cells at day 7 after surgery. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that KMUP-1 has antiinflammatory and antihyperalgesia properties in CCI-induced neuropathic pain via decreases in MAPKs and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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12
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Raphemot R, Swale DR, Dadi PK, Jacobson DA, Cooper P, Wojtovich AP, Banerjee S, Nichols CG, Denton JS. Direct activation of β-cell KATP channels with a novel xanthine derivative. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:858-65. [PMID: 24646456 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-regulated potassium (KATP) channel complexes of inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir) 6.2 and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 critically regulate pancreatic islet β-cell membrane potential, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, and consequently, represent important drug targets for metabolic disorders of glucose homeostasis. The KATP channel opener diazoxide is used clinically to treat intractable hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin secretion, but its use is limited by off-target effects due to lack of potency and selectivity. Some progress has been made in developing improved Kir6.2/SUR1 agonists from existing chemical scaffolds and compound screening, but there are surprisingly few distinct chemotypes that are specific for SUR1-containing KATP channels. Here we report the serendipitous discovery in a high-throughput screen of a novel activator of Kir6.2/SUR1: VU0071063 [7-(4-(tert-butyl)benzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione]. The xanthine derivative rapidly and dose-dependently activates Kir6.2/SUR1 with a half-effective concentration (EC50) of approximately 7 μM, is more efficacious than diazoxide at low micromolar concentrations, directly activates the channel in excised membrane patches, and is selective for SUR1- over SUR2A-containing Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 channels, as well as Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir3.1/3.2, and voltage-gated potassium channel 2.1. Finally, we show that VU0071063 activates native Kir6.2/SUR1 channels, thereby inhibiting glucose-stimulated calcium entry in isolated mouse pancreatic β cells. VU0071063 represents a novel tool/compound for investigating β-cell physiology, KATP channel gating, and a new chemical scaffold for developing improved activators with medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Raphemot
- Departments of Anesthesiology (R.R., D.R.S., S.B., J.S.D.), Pharmacology (R.R., J.S.D.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (P.K.D., D.A.J.) and Institutes of Chemical Biology (J.S.D.) and Global Health (J.S.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (A.P.W.); and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (P.C., C.G.N.) and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders (P.C., C.G.N.), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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13
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Kuo HF, Lai YJ, Wu JC, Lee KT, Chu CS, Chen IJ, Wu JR, Wu BN. A xanthine-derivative K(+)-channel opener protects against serotonin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the modulation of protein kinases. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 10:64-72. [PMID: 24391452 PMCID: PMC3879592 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether KMUP-1, a xanthine-derivative K+ channel opener, could prevent serotonin-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs). Rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were incubated with serotonin (10 μM) for 4 days. The cell size increased by 155.5%, and this was reversed by KMUP-1 (≥1 μM), and attenuated by the LTCC blocker verapamil (1 μM) and the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (0.1 μM), but unaffected by the 5-HT2B antagonist SB206553. A perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate Ca2+ currents through LTCCs in serotonin-induced H9c2 hypertrophy, in which cell capacitance and current density were increased. The LTCC current (ICa,L) increased ~2.9-fold in serotonin-elicited H9c2 hypertrophy, which was attenuated by verapamil and ketanserin, but not affected by SB206553 (0.1 μM). Serotonin-increased ICa,L was reduced by KMUP-1, PKA and PKC inhibitors (H-89, 1 μM and chelerythrine, 1 μM) while the current was enhanced by the PKC activator PMA, (1 μM) but not the PKA activator 8-Br-cAMP (100 μM), and was abolished by KMUP-1. In contrast, serotonin-increased ICa,L was blunted by the PKG activator 8-Br-cGMP (100 μM), but unaffected by the PKG inhibitor KT5823 (1 μM). Notably, KMUP-1 blocked serotonin-increased ICa,L but this was partially reversed by KT5823. In conclusion, serotonin-increased ICa,L could be due to activated 5-HT2A receptor-mediated PKA and PKC cascades, and/or indirect interaction with PKG. KMUP-1 prevents serotonin-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which can be attributed to its PKA and PKC inhibition, and/or PKG stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jie Lai
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chou Wu
- 3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tai Lee
- 4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; 4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- 5. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Liu XR, Liu Q, Chen GY, Hu Y, Sham JSK, Lin MJ. Down-regulation of TRPM8 in pulmonary arteries of pulmonary hypertensive rats. Cell Physiol Biochem 2013; 31:892-904. [PMID: 23817166 DOI: 10.1159/000350107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by profound vascular remodeling and alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Multiple transient receptor potential melastatin-related (TRPM) subtypes have been identified in vascular tissue. However, the changes in the expression and function of TRPM channels in pulmonary hypertension have not been characterized in detail. METHODS We examined the expression of TRPM channels and characterized the functions of the altered TRPM channels in two widely used rat models of chronic hypoxia (CH)- and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. RESULTS CH-exposed and MCT-treated rats developed severe PH and right ventricular hypertrophy, with a significant decrease in TRPM8 mRNA and protein expression in pulmonary arteries (PAs). The downregulation of TRPM8 was associated with significant reduction in menthol-induced cation-influx. Time-profiles showed that TRPM8 down-regulation occurred prior to the increase of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular mass index (RVMI) in CH-exposed rats, but these changes were delayed in MCT-treated rats. The TRPM8 agonist menthol induced vasorelaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted PAs, and the vasorelaxing effects were significantly attenuated in PAs of both PH rat models, consistent with decreased TRPM8 expression. CONCLUSION Downregulation of TRPM8 may contribute to the enhanced vasoreactivity in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chung CL, Tsai HP, Lee KS, Chen KI, Wu SC, Kuo YH, Winardi W, Chen IC, Kwan AL. Assisted peripheral nerve recovery by KMUP-1, an activator of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel, in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154:1773-9. [PMID: 22772399 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-012-1433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves after injury is a complicated process. Numerous cytokines, growth factors, channels, kinases, and receptors are involved, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis subsequent to nerve injury. In this study, the effect of KMUP-1, an activator of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel, on functional recovery, myelinated axon growth, and immunoreactivity of MMP-9 was evaluated in rats subjected to sciatic nerve crush injury. METHOD A total of 144 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following six groups (n = 24/group): group 1, sham-operated; group 2, sciatic nerve injury without treatment; group 3, injured and vehicle-treated; group 4, injured and treated with 1 mM KMUP-1 by topical application; group 5, injured and treated with 10 mM KMUP-1; group 6, injured and treated with 50 mM KMUP-1. Functional recovery was evaluated using walking track analysis at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks (n = 6/group at each time point) after injury. In addition, the number of myelinated axons and MMP-9 in the nerve was also examined. FINDINGS Animals subjected to sciatic nerve crush injury had decreased motor function, a reduced number of myelinated axons, and increased MMP-9 in the nerve. Treatment with KMUP-1 concentration-dependently improved functional recovery, increased the number of myelinated axons, and decreased MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that KMUP-1 may be a novel agent for assisting peripheral nerve recovery after injury. The beneficial effect is probably due to known ability of the compound in activating the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Li Chung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Potassium-Channel Openers KMUP-1 and Pinacidil Prevent Subarachnoid Hemorrhage–Induced Vasospasm by Restoring the BKCa-Channel Activity. Shock 2012; 38:203-12. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31825b2d82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Firth AL, Choi IW, Park WS. Animal models of pulmonary hypertension: Rho kinase inhibition. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 109:67-75. [PMID: 22713173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary Hypertension is a terminology encompassing a range of etiologically different pulmonary vascular diseases. The most common is that termed pulmonary arterial hypertension or PAH; a rare but often fatal disease characterized by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of >25 mmHg. PAH is associated with a complex etiology highlighted by core characteristics of increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevation of mean pulmonary artery pressure. When sustained, pulmonary vascular remodeling occurs and eventually patients pass away due to right heart failure. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is an early event occurring in pulmonary hypertension due to chronic exposure to hypoxia. While the underlying mechanisms of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may be controversial, a role for RhoA/Rho kinase mediated regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) has been recently identified. Further study suggests that RhoA may have an integral role in other pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation and migration occurring in all forms of PH. Indeed Rho proteins are known to play essential roles in actin cytoskeleton organization in all eukaryotic cells and thus Rho and Rho-GTPases are implicated in fundamental cellular processes such as cellular proliferation, migration, adhesion, apoptosis and gene expression. This review focuses on providing an overview of the role of RhoA/Rho kinase in currently available animal models of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Firth
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Wu BN, Chen HY, Liu CP, Hsu LY, Chen IJ. KMUP-1 inhibits H441 lung epithelial cell growth, migration and proinflammation via increased NO/CGMP and inhibited RHO kinase/VEGF signaling pathways. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 24:925-39. [PMID: 22230399 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether KMUP-1 protects soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in lung epithelial cells in hypoxia, therapeutically targeting epithelial proinflammation. H441 cells were used as a representative epithelial cell line to examine the role of sGC and VEGF in hypoxia and the anti-proinflammatory activity of KMUP-1 in normoxia. Human H441 cells were grown in hypoxia for 24-72 h. KMUP-1 (1, 10, 100 microM) arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, reduced cell survival and migration, increased p21/p27, restored eNOS, increased soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and PKG and inhibited Rho kinase II (ROCK-II). KMUP-1 (0.001-0.1 microM) concentration dependently increased eNOS in normoxia and did not inhibit phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE-5A) in hypoxic cells. Hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and VEGF were suppressed by KMUP-1 but not by L-NAME (100 microM). The PKG inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cGMPS (10 microM) blunted the inhibition of ROCK-II by KMUP-1. KMUP-1 inhibited thromboxane A2-mimetic agonist U46619-induced PDE-5A, TNF-alpha (100 ng/ml)-induced iNOS, and ROCK-II and associated phospho-p38 MAPK, suggesting multiple anti-proinflammatory activities. In addition, increased p21/p27 by KMUP-1 at higher concentrations might contribute to an increased Bax/Bcl-2 and active caspase-3/procaspase-3 ratio, concomitantly causing apoptosis. KMUP-1 inhibited ROCK-II/VEGF in hypoxia, indicating its anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. KMUP-1 inhibited TNF-alpha-induced iNOS and U46619-induced PDE-5A and phospho-p38 MAPK in normoxia, confirming its anti-proinflammatory action. KMUP-1 could be used as an anti-proinflammatory to reduce epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Paffett ML, Lucas SN, Campen MJ. Resveratrol reverses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular and cardiac dysfunction: a potential role for atrogin-1 in smooth muscle. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 56:64-73. [PMID: 22146233 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arterial remodeling contributes to elevated pulmonary artery (PA) pressures and right ventricular hypertrophy seen in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Resveratrol, a sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) pathway activator, can prevent the development of PH in a commonly used animal model, but it is unclear whether it can reverse established PH pathophysiology. Furthermore, atrophic ubiquitin ligases, such as atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, are known to be induced by SIRT1 activators but have not been characterized in hypertrophic vascular disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH would attenuate atrophy pathways in the PA while, conversely, SIRT1 activation (resveratrol) would reverse indices of PH and restore atrophic gene expression. Thus, we injected Sprague-Dawley rats with MCT (50 mg/kg i.p.) or saline at Day 0, and then treated with oral resveratrol or sildenafil from days 28-42 post-MCT injection. Oral resveratrol attenuated established MCT-induced PH indices, including right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and medial thickening of intrapulmonary arteries. Resveratrol also normalized PA atrogin-1 mRNA expression, which was significantly reduced by MCT. In cultured human PA smooth muscle cells (hPASMC), resveratrol significantly inhibited PDGF-stimulated proliferation and cellular hypertrophy, which was also associated with improvements in atrogin-1 levels. In addition, SIRT1 inhibition augmented hPASMC proliferation, as assessed by DNA mass, and suppressed atrogin mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate an inverse relationship between indices of PH and PA atrogin expression that is SIRT1 dependent and may reflect a novel role for SIRT1 in PASMCs opposing cellular hypertrophy and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Paffett
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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