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Chueh KS, Juan TJ, Lu JH, Wu BN, Lin RJ, Mao JW, Lin HY, Chuang SM, Chang CY, Shen MC, Sun TW, Juan YS. Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Detrusor Hyperactivity with Impaired Contractility via Transient Potential Vanilloid Channels: A Rat Model for Ovarian Hormone Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4927. [PMID: 38732143 PMCID: PMC11084446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT)'s efficacy in alleviating detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractility (DHIC) induced by ovarian hormone deficiency (OHD) in ovariectomized rats. The rats were categorized into the following four groups: sham group; OVX group, subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) for 12 months to induce OHD; OVX + SW4 group, underwent OHD for 12 months followed by 4 weeks of weekly LiESWT; and OVX + SW8 group, underwent OHD for 12 months followed by 8 weeks of weekly LiESWT. Cystometrogram studies and voiding behavior tracing were used to identify the symptoms of DHIC. Muscle strip contractility was evaluated through electrical-field, carbachol, ATP, and KCl stimulations. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess the expressions of various markers related to bladder dysfunction. The OVX rats exhibited significant bladder deterioration and overactivity, alleviated by LiESWT. LiESWT modified transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel expression, regulating calcium concentration and enhancing bladder capacity. It also elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, influencing ER-related Ca2+ channels and receptors to modulate detrusor muscle contractility. OHD after 12 months led to neuronal degeneration and reduced TRPV1 and TRPV4 channel activation. LiESWT demonstrated potential in enhancing angiogenic remodeling, neurogenesis, and receptor response, ameliorating DHIC via TRPV channels and cellular signaling in the OHD-induced DHIC rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Shun Chueh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (M.-C.S.); (T.-W.S.)
| | - Tai-Jui Juan
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-J.J.); (J.-W.M.)
| | - Jian-He Lu
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wen Mao
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-J.J.); (J.-W.M.)
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mien Chuang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (M.-C.S.); (T.-W.S.)
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Shen
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (M.-C.S.); (T.-W.S.)
| | - Ting-Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (M.-C.S.); (T.-W.S.)
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-M.C.); (M.-C.S.); (T.-W.S.)
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Huang SE, Hsu JH, Shiau BW, Liu YC, Wu BN, Dai ZK, Liu CP, Yeh JL. Optimizing myocardial cell protection with xanthine derivative KMUP-3 potentiates autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38583870 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy can have either beneficial or detrimental effects on various heart diseases. Pharmacological interventions improve cardiac function, which is correlated with enhanced autophagy. To assess whether a xanthine derivative (KMUP-3) treatment coincides with enhanced autophagy while also providing cardio-protection, we investigated the hypothesis that KMUP-3 treatment activation of autophagy through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signalling offered cardioprotective properties. METHODS The pro-autophagic effect of KMUP-3 was performed in a neonatal rat model targeting cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, and by assessing the impact of KMUP-3 treatment on cardiotoxicity, we used antimycin A-induced cardiomyocytes. RESULTS As determined by transmission electron microscopy observation, KMUP-3 enhanced autophagosome formation in cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, KMUP-3 significantly increased the expressions of autophagy-related proteins, LC3 and Beclin-1, both in a time- and dose-dependent manner; moreover, the pro-autophagy and nitric oxide enhancement effects of KMUP-3 were abolished by inhibitors targeting eNOS and PI3K in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Notably, KMUP-3 ameliorated cytotoxic effects induced by antimycin A, demonstrating its protective autophagic response. CONCLUSION These findings enable the core pathway of PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis in KMUP-3-enhanced autophagy activation and suggest its principal role in safeguarding against cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-En Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wen Shiau
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dai ZK, Chen YC, Hsieh SL, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu BN. The Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced TRPC1 Expression and Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:440. [PMID: 38675401 PMCID: PMC11053947 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia results in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). An increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation. This study investigated the mechanism by which KMUP-1, a xanthine derivative with phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, inhibits hypoxia-induced canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) protein overexpression and regulates [Ca2+]i through store-operated calcium channels (SOCs). Ex vivo PASMCs were cultured from Sprague-Dawley rats in a modular incubator chamber under 1% O2/5% CO2 for 24 h to elucidate TRPC1 overexpression and observe the Ca2+ release and entry. KMUP-1 (1 μM) inhibited hypoxia-induced TRPC family protein encoded for SOC overexpression, particularly TRPC1. KMUP-1 inhibition of TRPC1 protein was restored by the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT5823 (1 μM) and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT5720 (1 μM). KMUP-1 attenuated protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 1 μM)-upregulated TRPC1. We suggest that the effects of KMUP-1 on TRPC1 might involve activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/PKG and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA pathways and inhibiting the PKC pathway. We also used Fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester (Fura 2-AM, 5 μM) to measure the stored calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and calcium entry through SOCs in hypoxic PASMCs under treatment with thapsigargin (1 μM) and nifedipine (5 μM). In hypoxic conditions, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) activity was enhanced in PASMCs, and KMUP-1 diminished this activity. In conclusion, KMUP-1 inhibited the expression of TRPC1 protein and the activity of SOC-mediated Ca2+ entry upon SR Ca2+ depletion in hypoxic PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Z.-K.D.); (J.-H.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Z.-K.D.); (J.-H.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Tsai WC, Lin YH, Kuo CH, Jhuo SJ, Shih RY, Wu CC, Liu IH, Huang TC, Liu RM, Lin TH, Su HM, Lai WT, Lee CH, Wu BN, Lin SF, Lee HC. Up-regulated small-conductance calcium-activated potassium currents contribute to atrial arrhythmogenesis in high-fat feeding mice. Europace 2023; 26:euae004. [PMID: 38195705 PMCID: PMC10825893 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality. Arrhythmogenesis in MetS results from atrial structural and electrical remodelling. The small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) currents modulate atrial repolarization and may influence atrial arrhythmogenicity. This study investigated the regulation of SK current perturbed by a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty mice were divided into two groups that were fed with normal chow (CTL) and HFD for 4 months. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were used to detect cardiac electrical and structure remodelling. Atrial action potential duration (APD) and calcium transient duration (CaTD) were measured by optical mapping of Langendorff-perfused mice hearts. Atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility and duration were assessed by burst pacing. Whole-cell patch clamp was performed in primarily isolated atrial myocytes for SK current density. The SK current density is higher in atrial myocytes from HFD than in CTL mice (P ≤ 0.037). The RNA and protein expression of SK channels are increased in HFD mice (P ≤ 0.041 and P ≤ 0.011, respectively). Action potential duration is shortened in HFD compared with CTL (P ≤ 0.015). The shortening of the atrial APD in HFD is reversed by the application of 100 nM apamin (P ≤ 0.043). Compared with CTL, CaTD is greater in HFD atria (P ≤ 0.029). Calcium transient decay (Tau) is significantly higher in HFD than in CTL (P = 0.001). Both APD and CaTD alternans thresholds were higher in HFD (P ≤ 0.043), along with higher inducibility and longer duration of AF in HFD (P ≤ 0.023). CONCLUSION Up-regulation of apamin-sensitive SK currents plays a partial role in the atrial arrhythmogenicity of HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Jhuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yun Shih
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I Hsin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Ming Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ming Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, No. 1001, Daxue Rd. East Dist., Hsinchu City 300093, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzi-You 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
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Hao CL, Lin HL, Cheng PW, Tu YC, Yeh BC, Wu BN, Shen KP. Efficiency comparison of an isoeugenol-derivated compound, eugenosedin-A, with glibenclamide and pioglitazone in protecting cardiovascular dysfunction of diabetic SHR. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:471-483. [PMID: 35852140 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2096597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate three agents possible protective effect against DM-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Control group was fed normal diet, DM group was injected with STZ/NA and fed high fat diet (HFD), and treatment groups were given STZ/NA, fed HFD, and then oral gavaged with eugenosedin-A (Eu-A), glibenclamide (Gli), or pioglitazone (Pio) 5 mg/kg/per day for 4-week, respectively. Eu-A, Gli, and Pio clearly ameliorated the changes of body weight, cardiac weight, and the biochemical parameters, cardiovascular disorders and inflammation. Like Gli and Pio, Eu-A may be effectively to control DM and the cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 81271, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 81271, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 81271, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Jhuo SJ, Lin YH, Liu IH, Lin TH, Wu BN, Lee KT, Lai WT. Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor Ameliorate Metabolic Disorder and Obesity Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury and Mitochondrial Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076842. [PMID: 37047815 PMCID: PMC10095421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) exert significant cardiovascular and heart failure benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and can help reduce cardiac arrhythmia incidence in clinical practice. However, its effect on regulating cardiomyocyte mitochondria remain unclear. To evaluate its effect on myocardial mitochondria, C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups, including: (1) control, (2) high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorder and obesity (MDO), (3) MDO with empagliflozin (EMPA) treatment, and (4) MDO with glibenclamide (GLI) treatment. All mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks of feeding and the epicardial fat secretome was collected. H9c2 cells were treated with the different secretomes for 18 h. ROS production, Ca2+ distribution, and associated proteins expression in mitochondria were investigated to reveal the underlying mechanisms of SGLT2is on cardiomyocytes. We found that lipotoxicity, mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and the levels of the associated protein, SOD1, were significantly lower in the EMPA group than in the MDO group, accompanied with increased ATP production in the EMPA-treated group. The expression of mfn2, SIRT1, and SERCA were also found to be lower after EMPA-secretome treatment. EMPA-induced epicardial fat secretome in mice preserved a better cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis function than the MDO group. In addition to reducing ROS production in mitochondria, it also ameliorated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload caused by MDO-secretome. These findings provide evidence and potential mechanisms for the benefit of SGLT2i in heart failure and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jie Jhuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Cheng KI, Chang YC, Chu LW, Hsieh SL, An LM, Dai ZK, Wu BN. The Iridoid Glycoside Loganin Modulates Autophagic Flux Following Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415873. [PMID: 36555516 PMCID: PMC9786894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy facilitates the degradation of organelles and cytoplasmic proteins in a lysosome-dependent manner. It also plays a crucial role in cell damage. Whether loganin affects autophagy in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of loganin on the autophagic-lysosomal pathway in the rat CCI model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham, CCI, sham + loganin, and CCI + loganin. Loganin (5 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected once daily, and rats were sacrificed on day 7 after CCI. This study focused on the mechanism by which loganin modulates autophagic flux after CCI. CCI enhanced the autophagic marker LC3B-II in the ipsilateral spinal cord. The ubiquitin-binding protein p62 binds to LC3B-II and integrates into autophagosomes, which are degraded by autophagy. CCI caused the accumulation of p62, indicating the interruption of autophagosome turnover. Loganin significantly attenuated the expression of Beclin-1, LC3B-II, and p62. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to confirm that LC3B-II and p62 were reduced by loganin in the spinal microglia and astrocytes. Loganin also lessened the CCI-increased colocalization of both proteins. Enhanced lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and pro-cathepsin D (pro-CTSD) in CCI rats were also attenuated by loganin, suggesting that loganin improves impaired lysosomal function and autophagic flux. Loganin also attenuated the CCI-increased apoptosis protein Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Loganin prevents CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which could be attributed to the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal autophagy, and associated cell death. These data suggest autophagy could be a potential target for preventing neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chu
- Department of Cosmetic Application and Management, Department of Nursing, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung 80776, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei An
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Z.-K.D.); (B.-N.W.); Fax: +886-7-3208316 (Z.-K.D.); +886-7-3234686 (B.-N.W.)
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Z.-K.D.); (B.-N.W.); Fax: +886-7-3208316 (Z.-K.D.); +886-7-3234686 (B.-N.W.)
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Sulistyowati E, Hsu JH, Lee SJ, Huang SE, Sihotang WY, Wu BN, Dai ZK, Lin MC, Yeh JL. Potential Actions of Baicalein for Preventing Vascular Calcification of Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105673. [PMID: 35628483 PMCID: PMC9143966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with cardiovascular disease. Baicalein, a natural flavonoid extract of Scutellaria baicalensis rhizome has several biological properties which may inhibit VC. We investigated whether baicalein suppresses Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and upregulates smooth muscle 22-alpha (SM22-α) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In an in vitro experiment, primary rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and 5 μM baicalein, followed by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) to induce calcification. In an in vivo experiment, VC was generated by vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) administration to male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats randomly assigned into a control group, a VC group, a VC group pretreated with baicalein, and a baicalein alone group. Each group comprised 10 rats. Left ventricular (LV) morphology, function and performance were assessed by echocardiography. Calcium content was measured by Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. Apoptotic VSMCs were detected by flow cytometry. Protein levels and superoxide changes were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays respectively. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was assayed. Baicalein pretreatment significantly reduced calcium content in calcified VSMCs (p < 0.001) as well as in VC rat aortic smooth muscle (p < 0.001). Additionally, ALP activity was decreased in calcified VSMCs and VC rat aortic smooth muscle (p < 0.001). Apoptosis was significantly attenuated by 1 μM baicalein pretreatment in calcified VSMCs. Runx2 and BMP-2 expressions were downregulated by the baicalein in calcified VSMCs. Baicalein pretreatment increased typical VSMCs markers SM22-α and α-SMA in calcified VSMCs. Baicalein pretreatment was associated with adverse changes in LV morphometry. Markers of oxidative stress declined, and endogenous antioxidants increased in VC rats pretreated with baicalein. Baicalein mitigates VC through the inhibition of Runx2/BMP-2 signaling pathways, enhancement of vascular contractile phenotype and oxidative stress reduction. However, our study is of basic experimental design; more advanced investigations to identify other molecular regulators of VC and their mechanisms of action is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Sulistyowati
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Jung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
| | - Shang-En Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
| | - Widya Yanti Sihotang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Prima University of Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.L.); (J.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2139) (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (E.S.); (J.-H.H.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-E.H.); (W.Y.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.L.); (J.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2139) (J.-L.Y.)
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Jhuo SJ, Lin TH, Lin YH, Tsai WC, Liu IH, Wu BN, Lee KT, Lai WT. Clinical Observation of SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmia and Related Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients with Controlled Hypertension. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020271. [PMID: 35207759 PMCID: PMC8880188 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new glucose-lowering agents that have been proven to be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. However, the possible protective effects of cardiac arrhythmia have not yet been clarified in clinical practice. In this study, we attempted to demonstrate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac arrhythmia by medical records from a single center. This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and controlled hypertension who prescribed the indicated glucose-lowering agents based on medical records from 2016 to 2019 from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. These patients were divided into two groups. Group one patients were defined as patients with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, and group two patients were defined as patients without SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Baseline characteristics were collected from medical records. Univariate, multivariate, and match-paired statistical analyses were performed for the study endpoints. The primary study outcome was the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, after SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. The secondary study outcomes were the incidence of stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction after SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. From the initial 62,704 medical records, a total of 9609 people who met our experimental design criteria were included. The mean follow-up period was 51.50 ± 4.23 months. Group one included 3203 patients who received SGLT2 inhibitors for treatment, and group two included 6406 patients who received non-SGLT2 inhibitors for treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that group one patients had significantly lower incidences of total cardiac arrhythmia (hazard ratio (HR): 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.89, p = 0.013) and atrial fibrillation (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.88, p = 0.013) than those of group two patients. The secondary outcome analysis showed that group one patients also had a significantly lower risk of stroke (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33–0.7; p < 0.001), heart failure (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41–0.7, p < 0.001), and myocardial infarction (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72, p < 0.001). A time-to-event analysis showed that treatment of type 2 DM patients with SGLT2 inhibitors could reduce the probability of total cardiac arrhythmia and related cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, or myocardial infarction, by 0.5%~0.8%. This databank analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitor therapy reduced the incidence of total cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation in type 2 DM patients and decreased the incidence of related cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. However, additional investigations are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jie Jhuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (W.-C.T.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (W.-C.T.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (W.-C.T.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-73121101 (ext. 7741); Fax: +886-73234845
| | - Kun-Tai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (W.-C.T.); (K.-T.L.)
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
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Lin RJ, Yen YK, Lee CH, Hsieh SL, Chang YC, Juan YS, Long CY, Shen KP, Wu BN. Eugenosedin-A improves obesity-related hyperglycemia by regulating ATP-sensitive K + channels and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112447. [PMID: 34808553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenosedin-A (Eu-A) has been shown to protect against hyperglycemia- and hyperlipidemia-induced metabolic syndrome. We investigated the relationship of KATP channel activities and insulin secretion by Eu-A in vitro in pancreatic β-cells, and examined the effect of Eu-A on streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in vivo. We isolated pancreatic islets from adult male Wistar rats (250-350 g) and identified pancreatic β-cells by the cell size, capacitance and membrane potential. Perforated patch-clamp and inside-out recordings were used to monitor the membrane potential (current-clamp mode) and channel activity (voltage-clamp mode) of β-cells. The membrane potential of β-cells was raised by Eu-A and reversed by the KATP channel activator diazoxide. Eu-A inhibited the KATP channel activity measured at - 60 mV and increased the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), resulting in enhanced insulin secretion. Eu-A also reduced Kir6.2 protein on the cell membrane and scattered in the cytosol under normal glucose conditions (5.6 mM). In our animal study, rats were divided into normal and STZ/NA-induced T2DM groups. Normal rats fed with regular chow were divided into control and control+Eu-A (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) groups. The STZ/NA-induced diabetic rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were divided into three groups: T2DM, T2DM+Eu-A (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.), and T2DM+glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.; a KATP channel inhibitor). Both Eu-A and glibenclamide decreased the rats' blood glucose, prevented weight gain, and enhanced insulin secretion. We found that Eu-A blocked pancreatic β-cell KATP channels, caused membrane potential depolarization, and stimulated Ca2+ influx, thus increasing insulin secretion. Furthermore, Eu-A decreased blood glucose and increased insulin levels in T2DM rats. These results suggested that Eu-A might have clinical benefits for the control of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kwan Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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11
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Cheng KI, Chen SL, Hsu JH, Cheng YC, Chang YC, Lee CH, Yeh JL, Dai ZK, Wu BN. Loganin prevents CXCL12/CXCR4-regulated neuropathic pain via the NLRP3 inflammasome axis in nerve-injured rats. Phytomedicine 2021; 92:153734. [PMID: 34536822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain has been shown to be modulated by the activation of the chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12)/chemokine CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) dependent nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Loganin, an iridoid glycoside, was proven to prevent neuropathic pain, but its underlying mechanisms related to NLRP3 activation are still unknown. PURPOSE This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of loganin's effect on chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the spinal cord. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, CCI, sham + loganin, and CCI + loganin. Loganin (5 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally starting the day after surgery. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and latency (PWL) were assessed before CCI and on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after CCI. Spinal cords were collected for western blots and immunofluorescence studies. RESULTS Loganin prevented CCI-attenuated PWT and PWL, suggesting improved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1), IL-1β, and IL-18 were enhanced on day 7 after CCI, and all were reduced after loganin treatment. Dual immunofluorescence also showed that increased CXCL12, CXCR4, and NLRP3 were colocalized with NeuN (neuronal marker), GFAP (astrocyte marker), and Iba1 (microglial marker) on day 7 in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn (SDH). These immunoreactivities were attenuated in loganin-treated rats. Moreover, loganin decreased the assembly of NLRP3/ASC inflammasome after CCI in the ipsilateral SDH. Loganin appears to attenuate CCI-induced neuropathic pain by suppressing CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that loganin might be a suitable candidate for managing CCI-provoked neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Lan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Cheng YC, Chiu YM, Dai ZK, Wu BN. Loganin Ameliorates Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Cells 2021; 10:2688. [PMID: 34685668 PMCID: PMC8534751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Loganin is an iridoid glycoside with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, glucose-lowering activities which may address the pathological mechanisms of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of action of loganin on PDN. The in vivo model of PDN was established by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induction in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Subsequently, loganin (5 mg/kg) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection. High-glucose stimulated human SH-SY5Y cells co-incubated with loganin were used to mimic the in vitro model of PDN. Loganin improved PDN rats' associated pain behaviors (allodynia and hyperalgesia), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione. Loganin also reduced pain-associated channel protein CaV3.2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the surficial spinal dorsal horn of PDN rats. Loganin inhibited oxidative stress and NF-κB activation and decreased the levels of mRNA and protein of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, loganin attenuated insulin resistance by modulating the JNK-IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1)-Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway in PDN rats. These results suggested that loganin improved PDN-mediated pain behaviors by inhibiting oxidative stress-provoked inflammation in the spinal cord, resulting in improved neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Yu-Min Chiu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Hung YC, Liu YC, Wu BN, Yeh JL, Hsu JH. Cinaciguat Prevents Postnatal Closure of Ductus Arteriosus by Vasodilation and Anti-remodeling in Neonatal Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:661171. [PMID: 34393808 PMCID: PMC8358454 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) involves vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Cinaciguat, a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, was reported with vasodilatory and anti-remodeling effects on pulmonary hypertensive vessels. However, its effects on DA are not understood. Therefore, we investigated whether cinaciguat regulated DA patency and examined its underlying mechanisms. In vivo, we found that cinaciguat (10 mg/kg, i.p. at birth) prevented DA closure at 2 h after birth with luminal patency and attenuated intimal thickening. These anti-remodeling effects were associated with enhanced expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in DA. Ex vivo, cinaciguat dilated oxygen-induced DA constriction dose-dependently. Such vasodilatory effect was blunted by KT-5823, a PKG inhibitor. In DA smooth muscle cells (DASMCs), we further showed that cinaciguat inhibited angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration of DASMCs. In addition, cinaciguat inhibited Ang II-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Finally, Ang II-activated MAPKs and Akt were also inhibited by cinaciguat. In conclusion, cinaciguat prevents postnatal DA closure by vasodilation and anti-remodeling through the cGMP/PKG pathway. The mechanisms underlying anti-remodeling effects include anti-proliferation and anti-migration, with attenuation of mitochondrial ROS production, MAPKs, and Akt signaling. Thus, this study implicates that sGC activation may be a promising novel strategy to regulate DA patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jhuo SJ, Liu IH, Tasi WC, Chou TW, Lin YH, Wu BN, Lee KT, Lai WT. Characteristics of Ventricular Electrophysiological Substrates in Metabolic Mice Treated with Empagliflozin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116105. [PMID: 34198942 PMCID: PMC8200966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a sodium–glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that functions as a new-generation glucose-lowering agent and has been proven to be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the possible benefits and mechanisms of its antiarrhythmic effects in cardiac tissue have not yet been reported. In this study, we elucidated the possible antiarrhythmic effects and mechanisms of EMPA treatment in cardiac tissues of metabolic syndrome (MS) mice. A total of 20 C57BL/6J mice (age: 8 weeks) were divided into four groups: (1) control group, mice fed a standard chow for 16 weeks; (2) MS group, mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks; (3) EMPA group, mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and administered EMPA at 10 mg/kg daily for the following 4 weeks; and (4) glibenclamide (GLI) group, mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and administered GLI at 0.6 mg/kg daily for the following 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks of feeding. The parameters of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and the effective refractory period (ERP) of the left ventricle were recorded. The histological characteristics of cardiac tissue, including connexin (Cx) expression and fibrotic areas, were also evaluated. Compared with the MS group, the ECG QT interval in the EMPA group was significantly shorter (57.06 ± 3.43 ms vs. 50.00 ± 2.62 ms, p = 0.011). The ERP of the left ventricle was also significantly shorter in the EMPA group than that in the GLI group (20.00 ± 10.00 ms vs. 60.00 ± 10.00 ms, p = 0.001). The expression of Cx40 and Cx43 in ventricular tissue was significantly lower in the MS group than in the control group. However, the downregulation of Cx40 and Cx43 was significantly attenuated in the EMPA group compared with the MS and GLI groups. The fibrotic areas of ventricular tissue were also fewer in the EMPA group than that in the MS group. In this study, the ECG QT interval in the EMPA group was shorter than that in the MS group. Compared with the MS group, the EMPA group exhibited significant attenuation of downregulated connexin expression and significantly fewer fibrotic areas in ventricles. These results may provide evidence of possible antiarrhythmic effects of EMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jie Jhuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan;
| | - I-Hsin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Wei-Chung Tasi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wu Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Tai Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (S.-J.J.); (I.-H.L.); (W.-C.T.); (T.-W.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.L.)
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15
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Huang SE, Sulistyowati E, Chao YY, Wu BN, Dai ZK, Hsu JH, Yeh JL. In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of KMUP-1 and In Vivo Analysis of Its Therapeutic Potential in Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060615. [PMID: 34071594 PMCID: PMC8227391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthropathy that is mainly characterized by dysregulation of inflammatory responses. KMUP-1, a derived chemical synthetic of xanthine, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vivo anti-osteoarthritis effects of KMUP-1. Protein and gene expressions of inflammation markers were determined by ELISA, Western blotting and microarray, respectively. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured and pretreated with KMUP-1 (1, 5, 10 μM). The productions of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP- 9 were reduced by KMUP-1 pretreatment in LPS-induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells. The expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also inhibited by KMUP-1 pretreatment. The gene expression levels of TNF and COX families were also downregulated. In addition, KMUP-1 suppressed the activations of ERK, JNK and p38 as well as phosphorylation of IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibitor attenuated the inhibitory effect of KMUP-1 in LPS-induced NF-κB activation. In vivo study showed that KMUP-1 reduced mechanical hyperalgesia in monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced rats OA. Additionally, KMUP-1 pretreatment reduced the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in MIA-injected rats. Moreover, macroscopic and histological observation showed that KMUP-1 reduced articular cartilage erosion in rats. Our results demonstrated that KMUP-1 inhibited the inflammatory responses and restored SIRT1 in vitro, alleviated joint-related pain and cartilage destruction in vivo. Taken together, KMUP-1 has the potential to improve MIA-induced articular cartilage degradation by inhibiting the levels and expression of inflammatory mediators suggesting that KMUP-1 might be a potential therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-En Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-E.H.); (E.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
| | - Erna Sulistyowati
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-E.H.); (E.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang 65146, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-E.H.); (E.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-E.H.); (E.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-E.H.); (E.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6507) (J.-H.H.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2139) (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-E.H.); (E.S.); (B.-N.W.); (Z.-K.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.H.); (J.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6507) (J.-H.H.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2139) (J.-L.Y.)
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16
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Lin HL, Cheng PW, Tu YC, Yeh BC, Wu BN, Shen KP. The effectiveness comparisons of eugenosedin-A, glibenclamide and pioglitazone on diabetes mellitus induced by STZ/NA and high-fat diet in SHR. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:835-845. [PMID: 33779726 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eugenosedin-A (Eu-A), an adrenergic and serotonergic antagonist, is known to have anti-metabolic syndrome effects. In this study, we evaluated its protective effects against diabetes mellitus (DM) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and compared it with two anti-diabetes medications, glibenclamide (Gli) and pioglitazone (Pio). METHODS We divided 10-week-old SHRs into five groups: a control group fed a normal diet; an untreated DM group induced by injecting the SHRs with STZ/NA and feeding them a high-fat diet (HFD); and three treated groups (after giving STZ/NA and HFD) gavage given with Eu-A, Gli or Pio (5 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The untreated DM group weighed less and had hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. They were also found to have aberrant glucose-dependent insulin pathways, glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis proteins, while the controls did not. Eu-A, Gli and Pio ameliorated the above biochemical parameters in the treatment groups. Eu-A and Pio, but not Gli, improved hypertension and tachycardia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, Eu-A ameliorated DM, hypertension and tachycardia by improving glucose, lipid homeostasis and anti-adrenergic, serotonergic activities. We concluded that Eu-A could be used in the development of an effective agent for controlling DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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17
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Cheng KI, Yang KT, Kung CL, Cheng YC, Yeh JL, Dai ZK, Wu BN. BK Ca Channel Inhibition by Peripheral Nerve Injury Is Restored by the Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 in Dorsal Root Ganglia. Cells 2021; 10:949. [PMID: 33923953 PMCID: PMC8073306 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored whether KMUP-1 improved chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced BKCa current inhibition in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham + KMUP-1, CCI, and CCI + KMUP-1 (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). DRG neuronal cells (L4-L6) were isolated on day 7 after CCI surgery. Perforated patch-clamp and inside-out recordings were used to monitor BKCa currents and channel activities, respectively, in the DRG neurons. Additionally, DRG neurons were immunostained with anti-NeuN, anti-NF200 and anti-BKCa. Real-time PCR was used to measure BKCa mRNA levels. In perforated patch-clamp recordings, CCI-mediated nerve injury inhibited BKCa currents in DRG neurons compared with the sham group, whereas KMUP-1 prevented this effect. CCI also decreased BKCa channel activity, which was recovered by KMUP-1 administration. Immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that CCI reduced BKCa-channel proteins, and KMUP-1 reversed this. KMUP-1 also changed CCI-reduced BKCa mRNA levels. KMUP-1 prevented CCI-induced neuropathic pain and BKCa current inhibition in a peripheral nerve injury model, suggesting that KMUP-1 could be a potential agent for controlling neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kan-Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Chien-Lun Kung
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Yu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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18
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Chen IC, Lin JY, Liu YC, Chai CY, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu BN, Dai ZK. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activator Ameliorates Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in a Rat Model of Left Pneumonectomy Combined With VEGF Inhibition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:619133. [PMID: 33681251 PMCID: PMC7933511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.619133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening and deteriorating disease with no promising therapy available currently due to its diversity and complexity. An imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation has been proposed as the mechanism of PAH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin (Ang) II into the vasodilator Ang-(1-7), has been shown to be an important regulator of blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Herein we hypothesized diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 activator, could ameliorate the development of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Methods: A murine model of PAH was established using left pneumonectomy (PNx) on day 0 followed by injection of a single dose of the VEGF receptor-2 inhibitor SU5416 (25 mg/kg) subcutaneously on day 1. All hemodynamic and biochemical measurements were done at the end of the study on day 42. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 6–8/group): (1) sham-operated group, (2) vehicle-treatment group (SuPNx42), (3) early treatment group (SuPNx42/DIZE1−42) with DIZE at 15 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously from day 1 to day 42, and (4) late treatment group (SuPNx42/DIZE29−42) with DIZE from days 29–42. Results: In both the early and late treatment groups, DIZE significantly attenuated the mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary arteriolar remodeling, and right ventricle brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), as well as reversed the overexpression of ACE while up-regulating the expression of Ang-(1-7) when compared with the vehicle-treatment group. In addition, the early treatment group also significantly decreased plasma BNP and increased the expression of eNOS. Conclusions: ACE2 activator has therapeutic potentials for preventing and attenuating the development of PAH in an animal model of left pneumonectomy combined with VEGF inhibition. Activation of ACE2 may thus be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jao-Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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19
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Cheng YC, Chu LW, Chen JY, Hsieh SL, Chang YC, Dai ZK, Wu BN. Loganin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Schwann Cells Pyroptosis by Inhibiting ROS Generation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091948. [PMID: 32842536 PMCID: PMC7564733 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is caused by hyperglycemia, which induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that damage nerve tissue. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation trigger the inflammation and pyroptosis in diabetes. Schwann cell dysfunction further promotes DPN progression. Loganin has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotective activities. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of loganin on high-glucose (25 mM)-induced rat Schwann cell line RSC96 injury, a recognized in vitro cell model of DPN. RSC96 cells were pretreated with loganin (0.1, 1, 10, 25, 50 μM) before exposure to high glucose. Loganin’s effects were examined by CCK-8 assay, ROS assay, cell death assay, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative RT–PCR and western blot. High-glucose-treated RSC96 cells sustained cell viability loss, ROS generation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, P2 × 7 purinergic receptor and TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) expression, NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1) activation, IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and gasdermin D cleavage. Those effects were reduced by loganin pretreatment. In conclusion, we found that loganin’s antioxidant effects prevent RSC96 Schwann cell pyroptosis by inhibiting ROS generation and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Li-Wen Chu
- Department of Nursing, and Department of Cosmetic Application and Management, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung 80776, Taiwan;
| | - Jun-Yih Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92847, Taiwan;
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Z.-K.D.); (B.-N.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101-6507 (Z.-K.D.); +886-7-3121101-2139 (B.-N.W.); Fax: +886-7-3208316 (Z.-K.D.); +886-7-3234686 (B.-N.W.)
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Z.-K.D.); (B.-N.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101-6507 (Z.-K.D.); +886-7-3121101-2139 (B.-N.W.); Fax: +886-7-3208316 (Z.-K.D.); +886-7-3234686 (B.-N.W.)
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20
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Long CY, Lin KL, Lee YC, Chuang SM, Lu JH, Wu BN, Chueh KS, Ker CR, Shen MC, Juan YS. Therapeutic effects of Low intensity extracorporeal low energy shock wave therapy (LiESWT) on stress urinary incontinence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5818. [PMID: 32242035 PMCID: PMC7118154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Low intensity extracorporeal low energy shock wave therapy (LiESWT) on stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The investigation was a single-arm, open-label, multicentre study conducted in Taiwan. 50 female patients with SUI received LiESWT-treated with 0.25 mJ/mm2 intensity, 3000 pulses, and 3 pulses/second, once weekly for 4-weeks (W4) and 8-weeks (W8). The pad test, uroflowmetry, life quality questionnaires, and 3-day urinary diary measurement were performed before and after LiESWT intervention. The results revealed that 8-week of LiESWT treatment meaningfully improved urine leakage (pad test), maximum flow rate, post-voided residual urine, average urine volume, functional bladder capacity, urinary frequency, urgency symptom, and nocturia, which also persisted to show significant improvements at 1-month follow up (F1). Moreover, bothersome questionnaires scores were significantly improved at W4, W8, and F1 as compared to the baseline (W0). These results indicated that 8 weeks of LiESWT attenuated SUI symptoms on physical activity, reduced bladder leaks and overactive bladder (OAB), implying that LiESWT brought significant improvement in the quality of life. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04059133).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mien Chuang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Cancer Center, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-He Lu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Shun Chueh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ru Ker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Shen
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chu LW, Cheng KI, Chen JY, Cheng YC, Chang YC, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Dai ZK, Wu BN. Loganin prevents chronic constriction injury-provoked neuropathic pain by reducing TNF-α/IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activation and Schwann cell demyelination. Phytomedicine 2020; 67:153166. [PMID: 31955133 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury can produce chronic and ultimately neuropathic pain. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model has provided a deeper understanding of nociception and chronic pain. Loganin is a well-known herbal medicine with glucose-lowering action and neuroprotective activity. PURPOSE This study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which loganin reduced CCI-induced neuropathic pain. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, sham+loganin, CCI and CCI+loganin. Loganin (1 or 5 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 14 days, starting the day after CCI. For behavioral testing, mechanical and thermal responses were assessed before surgery and on d1, d3, d7 and d14 after surgery. Sciatic nerves (SNs) were collected to measure proinflammatory cytokines. Proximal and distal SNs were collected separately for Western blotting and immunofluorescence studies. RESULTS Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were reduced in the loganin-treated group as compared to the CCI group. Loganin (5 mg/kg/day) prevented CCI from inducing proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), inflammatory proteins (TNF-α, IL-1β, pNFκB, pIκB/IκB, iNOS) and receptor (TNFR1, IL-1R), adaptor protein (TRAF2) of TNF-α, and Schwann cell demyelination and axonal damage. Loganin also blocked IκB phosphorylation (p-IκB). Double immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that pNFκB/pIκB protein was reduced by loganin in Schwann cells on d7 after CCI. In the distal stumps of injured SN, Schwann cell demyelination was correlated with pain behaviors in CCI rats. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that loganin improves CCI-induced neuroinflammation and pain behavior by downregulating TNF-α/IL-1β-dependent NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Chu
- Department of Nursing, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yih Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan; School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Chen IC, Lin JY, Liu YC, Chai CY, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu BN, Dai ZK. The beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) activator in pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2594-2602. [PMID: 33029102 PMCID: PMC7532484 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal and rapidly progressing disorder if left untreated, but there is still no definitive therapy. An imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation has been proposed as the mechanism underlying PH. Among the vasomediators of the pulmonary circulation is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the involvement of which in the development of PH has been proposed. Within the RAS, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which converts angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1-7), is an important regulator of blood pressure, and has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and PH. In this study, we investigated the effects of the ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) on the development of PH secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. A model of PH secondary to left ventricular dysfunction was established in 6-week-old Wistar rats by ascending aortic banding for 42 days. The hemodynamics and pulmonary expression of ACE, Ang II, ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and the Ang-(1-7) MAS receptor were investigated in the early treatment group, which was administered DIZE (15 mg/kg/day) from days 1 to 42, and in the late treatment group, administered DIZE (15 mg/kg/day) from days 29 to 42. Sham-operated rats served as controls. DIZE ameliorated mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary arteriolar remodeling, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels, in addition to reversing the overexpression of ACE and up-regulation of both Ang-(1-7) and MAS, in the early and late treatment groups. DIZE has therapeutic potential for preventing the development of PH secondary to left ventricular dysfunction through ACEII activation and the positive feedback of ANG-(1-7) on the MAS receptor. A translational study in humans is needed to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jao-Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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23
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Sulistyowati E, Jan RL, Liou SF, Chen YF, Wu BN, Hsu JH, Yeh JL. Vasculoprotective effects of Centella asiatica, Justicia gendarussa and Imperata cylindrica decoction via the NOXs-ROS-NF-κB pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:378-388. [PMID: 32695655 PMCID: PMC7365787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Centella asiatica, Justicia gendarussa and Imperata cylindrica decoction (CJID) is efficacious for hypertension. NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (NOX)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation modulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and thus mediates hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. This research aims to investigate the anti-remodeling effect of CJID through the mechanism of NOXs-ROS-NF-κB pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Experimental procedure CJID was orally administered once a day for five weeks in SHRs and normotensive-WKY (Wistar Kyoto) rats. All rats were sacrificed at the end of study and different assays were performed to determine whether CJID ameliorates vascular remodeling in SHRs, such as histological examination; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays; superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation assays, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. . Changes in levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NF-κB-p65, NF-κB inhibitor alpha/IκBα (inhibitory kappa B- alpha), phosphorylation of IκBα (p-IκBα) and NOX1, NOX2, NOX4 in the thoracic aorta were determined. Results Vascular remodeling indicators, media thickness, collagen and elastic accumulation in the thoracic aorta, of SHRs-treated CJID were attenuated. Redox homeostasis, aortic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation were decreased in SHRs-treated group. Aortic iNOS, p-IκBα, NF-κB-p65 and NOX1, NOX2, NOX4 expressions were suppressed. Conclusions CJI treatment diminishes oxidative stress response in the thoracic aorta of SHRs via regulation of NOXs-ROS-NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings indicate that CJI possess protective effect against hypertension-induced vascular remodeling in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Sulistyowati
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang city, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ren-Long Jan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Sin-Lau Christian Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Shiou YL, Lin HT, Ke LY, Wu BN, Shin SJ, Chen CH, Tsai WC, Chu CS, Lee HC. Very Low-Density Lipoproteins of Metabolic Syndrome Modulates STIM1, Suppresses Store-Operated Calcium Entry, and Deranges Myofilament Proteins in Atrial Myocytes. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060881. [PMID: 31226824 PMCID: PMC6617489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at high risk for atrial myopathy and atrial fibrillation. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) of MetS (MetS-VLDLs) are cytotoxic to atrial myocytes in vivo and in vitro. The calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway, which is regulated by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)/ calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1)-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), is a pivotal mediator of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that MetS-VLDLs could affect SOCE and the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Normal-VLDL and MetS-VLDL samples were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and individuals with MetS. VLDLs were applied to HL-1 atrial myocytes for 18 h and were also injected into wild-type C57BL/6 male mouse tails three times per week for six weeks. After the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ store was depleted, SOCE was triggered upon reperfusion with 1.8 mM of Ca2+. SOCE was attenuated by MetS-VLDLs, along with reduced transcriptional and membranous expression of STIM1 (P = 0.025), and enhanced modification of O-GlcNAcylation on STIM1 protein, while Orai1 was unaltered. The nuclear translocation and activity of calcineurin were both reduced (P < 0.05), along with the alteration of myofilament proteins in atrial tissues. These changes were absent in normal-VLDL-treated cells. Our results demonstrated that MetS-VLDLs suppressed SOCE by modulating STIM1 at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, resulting in the inhibition of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway, which resulted in the alteration of myofilament protein expression and sarcomere derangement in atrial tissues. These findings may help explain atrial myopathy in MetS. We suggest a therapeutic target on VLDLs to prevent atrial fibrillation, especially for individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Shiou
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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25
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Chen IC, Lin YT, Huang JS, Wu BN, Hsu JH, Tan MS, Dai ZK. Decreased Ambient Oxygen Tension Alters the Expression of Endothelin-1, iNOS and cGMP in Rat Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:443-449. [PMID: 30911278 PMCID: PMC6428981 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia plays an important role in the vascular tone of pulmonary circulation via the vasculature and parenchymal tissue. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, plays a role in inflammation in mononuclear cells. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), is coexpressed with ET-1 in many cell types. The aim of this study was to assess whether hypoxia induces the production of ET-1 and associated expression of NOS, NO/cGMP and chemokines in rat alveolar macrophages (AMs). Methods: NR8383 cells were cultured under hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. Levels of ET-1, inducible NOS (iNOS), phosphorylated iNOS (p-iNOS), nitrite/nitrate (NOx), cGMP and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. Results: ET-1, p-iNOS, NOx, and cGMP increased significantly in AMs after 4 hours of hypoxia (p < 0.05). ET-1 and MCP-1 mRNA increased after 8 hours (p < 0.05). The protein expression of ET-1, MCP-1, and p-iNOS increased in a time-dependent manner, while iNOS expression decreased with time. Conclusions: The changes in ET-1, p-iNOS, and the NO/cGMP pathway in AMs may help elucidate the mechanisms in the hypoxic lung. Understanding changes in the endothelin axis in hypoxic AMs is a crucial first step to unravel its role in pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Shrian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mian-Shin Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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26
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Chen JY, Chu LW, Cheng KI, Hsieh SL, Juan YS, Wu BN. Valproate reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal death in a rat chronic constriction injury model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16457. [PMID: 30405207 PMCID: PMC6220313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproate (VPA) is a well-known drug for treating epilepsy and mania, but its action in neuropathic pain is unclear. We used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to explore whether VPA prevents neuropathic pain-mediated inflammation and neuronal death. Rats were treated with or without VPA. CCI + VPA rats were intraperitoneally injected with VPA (300 mg/kg/day) from postoperative day (POD) 1 to 14. We measured paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) 1 day before surgery and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after CCI and harvested the sciatic nerves (SN), spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) on POD 3, 7, and 14. PWL and PWT were reduced in CCI rats, but increased in CCI + VPA rats on POD 7 and POD 14. VPA lowered CCI-induced inflammatory proteins (pNFκB, iNOS and COX-2), pro-apoptotic proteins (pAKT/AKT and pGSK-3β/GSK-3β), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and nuclear pNFκB activation in the SN, DRG and SC in CCI rats. COX-2 and pGSK-3 proteins were decreased by VPA on immunofluorescence analysis. VPA attenuated CCI-induced thermal and mechanical pain behaviors in rats in correlation with anti-neuroinflammation action involving reduction of pNFκB/iNOS/COX-2 activation and inhibition of pAKT/pGSK-3β-mediated neuronal death from injury to peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yih Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Liu CP, Chau PC, Chang CT, An LM, Yeh JL, Chen IJ, Wu BN. KMUP-1, a GPCR Modulator, Attenuates Triglyceride Accumulation Involved MAPKs/Akt/PPARγ and PKA/PKG/HSL Signaling in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102433. [PMID: 30249030 PMCID: PMC6222827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine-based KMUP-1 was shown to inhibit phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and modulate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to lower hyperlipidemia and body weight. This study further investigated whether KMUP-1 affects adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. KMUP-1 (1–40 µM) concentration-dependently attenuated Oil Red O (ORO) staining and decreased triglyceride (TG) accumulation, indicating adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells. In contrast, the β-agonist ractopamine increased ORO staining and TG accumulation and adipogenesis. KMUP-1 (1–40 µM) also reduced MAPKs/Akt/PPARγ expression, PPARγ1/PPARγ2 mRNA, and p-ERK immunoreactivity at the adipogenesis stage, but enhanced hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) immunoreactivity at the lipolysis stage. Addition of protein kinase A (PKA) or protein kinase G (PKG) antagonist (KT5720 or KT5728) to adipocytes did not affect HSL immunoreactivity. However, KMUP-1 did increase HSL immunoreactivity and the effect was reduced by PKA or PKG antagonist. Simvastatin, theophylline, caffeine, and sildenafil, like KMUP-1, also enhanced HSL immunoreactivity. Phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) was enhanced by KMUP-1, indicating increased lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Decreases of MAPKs/Akt/PPARγ during adipogenesis contributed to inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, and increases of PKA/PKG at lipolysis contributed to HSL activation and TG hydrolysis. Taken together, the data suggest that KMUP-1 can inhibit hyperadiposity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chun Chau
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chain-Ting Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Mei An
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Sulistyowati E, Lee MY, Wu LC, Hsu JH, Dai ZK, Wu BN, Lin MC, Yeh JL. Exogenous Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation by Down-Regulating NF-κB through MAPK and MMP-2/-9 Pathways in Macrophages. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092124. [PMID: 30142934 PMCID: PMC6225271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), a molecular chaperone, is constitutively expressed by mammalian cells to regulate various cellular functions. It is associated with many diseases and is a potential therapeutic target. Although HSC70 also possesses an anti-inflammatory action, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. This current study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of HSC70 in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and to explain its pathways. Mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) in 0.1 µg/mL LPS incubation were pretreated with recombinant HSC70 (rHSC70) and different assays (Griess assay, enzyme-linked immune assay/ELISA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay/EMSA, gelatin zymography, and Western blotting) were performed to determine whether rHSC70 blocks pro-inflammatory mediators. The findings showed that rHSC70 attenuated the nitric oxide (NO) generation, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expressions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, rHSC70 preconditioning suppressed the activities and expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Finally, rHSC70 diminished the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/Akt). We demonstrate that rHSC70 preconditioning exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through NO production constriction; TNF-α, and IL-6 suppression following down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and MMP-2/MMP-9. Accordingly, it ameliorated the signal transduction of MAPKs, Akt/IκBα, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, extracellular HSC70 plays a critical role in the innate immunity modulation and mechanisms of endogenous protective stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Sulistyowati
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
| | - Lin-Chi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan.
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Lee CH, Dai ZK, Yen CT, Hsieh SL, Wu BN. KMUP-1 protects against streptozotocin-induced mesenteric artery dysfunction via activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:746-752. [PMID: 29936361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by impaired vascular and endothelial function. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels can protect endothelial function against hypertension and hyperglycemia. KMUP-1, a xanthine derivative, has been demonstrated to modulate K+-channel activity in smooth muscles. This study investigated protective mechanisms of KMUP-1 in impaired mesenteric artery (MA) reactivity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: control, STZ (65 mg/kg, ip) and STZ + KMUP-1 (5 or 10 mg/kg/day, ip). MA reactivity was measured by dual wire myograph. MA smooth muscle cells (MASMCs) were enzymatically dissociated and the KATP currents recorded by a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS STZ decreased MA KATP currents in a time-course dependent manner and achieved steady inhibition at day 14. In the MASMCs of STZ-treated rats, KMUP-1 partially recovered the KATP currents, suggesting that vascular KATP channels were activated by KMUP-1. K+ (80 mM KCl)-induced MA contractions in STZ-treated rats were higher than those of control rats. KMUP-1 significantly attenuated STZ-stimulated MA contractions in response to high K+, suggesting that KMUP-1 may partly restore the vascular reactivity of MAs. In addition, STZ decreased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and this effect was reversed by KMUP-1, suggesting that KMUP-1 could improve STZ-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSION KMUP-1 prevents STZ impairment of MA reactivity, eNOS levels and KATP channels, and accordingly protects against vascular dysfunction in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lee CH, Chu CS, Tsai HJ, Ke LY, Lee HC, Yeh JL, Chen CH, Wu BN. Xanthine-derived KMUP-1 reverses glucotoxicity-activated Kv channels through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in rat pancreatic β cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 279:171-176. [PMID: 29183753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-associated glucotoxicity induces β-cell dysfunction and a reduction in insulin secretion. Voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels in pancreatic β-cells play a key role in glucose-dependent insulin secretion. KMUP-1, a xanthine derivative, has been demonstrated to modulate Kv channel activity in smooth muscles; however, the role of KMUP-1 in glucotoxicity-activated Kv channels in pancreatic β-cells remains unclear. In this study we examined the mechanisms by which KMUP-1 could inhibit high glucose (25 mM) activated Kv currents (IKv) in pancreatic β-cells. Pancreatic β-cells were isolated from Wistar rats and IKv was monitored by perforated patch-clamp recording. The peak IKv in high glucose-treated β-cells was ∼1.4-fold greater than for normal glucose (5.6 mM). KMUP-1 (1, 10, 30 μM) prevented high glucose-stimulated IKv in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction of high glucose-activated IKv was also found for protein kinase A (PKA) activator 8-Br-cAMP (100 μM). Additionally, KMUP-1 (30 μM) current inhibition was reversed by the PKA inhibitor H-89 (1 μM). Otherwise, pretreatment with the PKC activator or inhibitor had no effect on IKv in high glucose exposure. In conclusion, glucotoxicity-diminished insulin secretion was due to IKv activation. KMUP-1 attenuated high glucose-stimulated IKv via the PKA but not the PKC signaling pathway. This finding provides evidence that KMUP-1 might be a promising agent for treating hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jie Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Lee HC, Chen CC, Tsai WC, Lin HT, Shiao YL, Sheu SH, Wu BN, Chen CH, Lai WT. Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein of Metabolic Syndrome Modulates Gap Junctions and Slows Cardiac Conduction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12050. [PMID: 28935953 PMCID: PMC5608762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and each manifestation of MetS is related to atrial fibrillation (AF) risks. Slowed atrial conduction is a mechanism of AF in MetS. We hypothesized that VLDL can modulate and reduce atrial gap junctions. VLDLs were separated from normal (Normal-VLDL) and MetS (MetS-VLDL) individuals. VLDLs (15 µg/g) and equivalent volumes of saline (CTL) were injected respectively to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. Electrocardiograms demonstrated that MetS-VLDL induced prolongation of P wave (P = 0.041), PR intervals (P = 0.014), QRS duration and QTc interval (both P = 0.003), but Normal-VLDL did not. Optical mapping of perfused hearts confirmed slowed conduction on atria and ventricles of MetS-VLDL mice. Slowed cardiac conduction was associated with significant atrial and ventricular remodeling, along with systolic dysfunction and comparable intra-cardiac fibrosis. MetS-VLDL induced downregulation of Cx40 and Cx43 at transcriptional, translational and tissue levels, and it also enhanced O-GlcNAcylation of Cx40 and Cx43. Protein structure analyses predicted O-GlcNAcylation at serine 18 of Cx40 and Cx43 which may impair stability of gap junctions. In conclusion, MetS-VLDL modulates gap junctions and delays both atrial and ventricular conduction. VLDL may contribute to the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Shiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lee YL, Lin KL, Chuang SM, Lee YC, Lu MC, Wu BN, Wu WJ, Yuan SSF, Ho WT, Juan YS. Elucidating Mechanisms of Bladder Repair after Hyaluronan Instillation in Ketamine-Induced Ulcerative Cystitis in Animal Model. The American Journal of Pathology 2017; 187:1945-1959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen IC, Tan MS, Wu BN, Chai CY, Yeh JL, Chou SH, Chen IJ, Dai ZK. Statins ameliorate pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction through the Rho-kinase pathway and NADPH oxidase. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:443-457. [PMID: 28029743 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disorder, for which no therapy is curative. It has been reported that pulmonary vascular remodeling, associated with increasing mean pulmonary arterial pressure and upregulated expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), RhoA/RhoH-kinase results in the development of PH. Oxidative stress and the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway are also thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of PH. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) with pleiotropic effects and are potential agents for the treatment of PH. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of simvastatin on the development of PH secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS A PH secondary to left ventricular dysfunction model was established in 6-week-old aortic-banded rats. The pulmonary expression of Rho kinase, ET-1, eNOS, p-eNOS, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), cGMP, p47Phox , and p67Phox were investigated in the early-treatment group, to which was administered simvastatin (30 mg/kg/day) from days 1 to 42 or the late-treatment group, to which was administered simvastatin (30 mg/kg/day) from days 29 to 42. RESULTS Simvastatin attenuated the mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary arteriolar remodeling, plasma brain natriuretic peptide, ET-1, reactive oxygen species, and the NADPH oxidase 2 regulatory subunits, p47Phox and p67Phox , and upregulated pulmonary p-eNOS, NOx, and cGMP in both the early- and late-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase may have therapeutic potential for preventing and attenuating the development of PH in left ventricular dysfunction through the Rho-kinase pathway and NADPH oxidase. A translational study in humans is needed to substantiate these findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:443-457. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sun-Ming District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mian-Shin Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shah-Hwa Chou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sun-Ming District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dai ZK, Kao CL, Hsieh SL, Chen IJ, Wu BN. Restoration of uridine 5'-triphosphate-suppressed delayed rectifying K + currents by an NO activator KMUP-1 involves RhoA/Rho kinase signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:607-613. [PMID: 27914611 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) blunts monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by altering Ca2+ sensitivity, K+-channel function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) expression. This study further investigated whether KMUP-1 impedes uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP)-inhibited delayed rectifying K+ (KDR) current in rat pulmonary arteries involved the RhoA/ROCK signaling. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were enzymatically dissociated from rat pulmonary arteries. KMUP-1 (30μM) attenuated UTP (30μM)-mediated membrane depolarization and abolished UTP-enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to monitor KDR currents. A voltage-dependent KDR current was isolated and shown to consist of a 4-aminopyridine (5mM)-sensitive component and an insensitive component. The 4-aminopyridine sensitive KDR current was suppressed by UTP (30μM). The ROCK inhibitor Y27632 (30μM) abolished the ability of UTP to inhibit the KDR current. Like Y27632, KMUP-1 (30μM) similarly abolished UTP-inhibited KDR currents. Superfused protein kinase A and protein kinase G inhibitors (KT5720, 300nM and KT5823, 300nM) did not affect UTP-inhibited KDR currents, but the currents were restored by adding KMUP-1 (30μM) to the superfusate. KMUP-1 reversal of KDR current inhibition by UTP predominantly involves the ROCK inhibition. The results indicate that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a key role in eliciting PASMCs depolarization caused by UTP, which would result in pulmonary artery constriction. KMUP-1 blocks UTP-mediated PASMCs depolarization, suggesting that it would prevent abnormal pulmonary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ling Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Wu BN, Kuo KK, Chen YH, Chang CT, Huang HT, Chai CY, Dai ZK, Chen IJ. Theophylline-Based KMUP-1 Improves Steatohepatitis via MMP-9/IL-10 and Lipolysis via HSL/p-HSL in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081345. [PMID: 27548140 PMCID: PMC5000741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) has been reported to cause hepatic fat loss. However, the action mechanisms of KMUP-1 in obesity-induced steatohepatitis remains unclear. This study elucidated the steatohepatitis via matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and related lipolysis via hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by KMUP-1. KMUP-1 on steatohepatitis-associated HSL/p-HSL/ATGL/MMP-9/TNFα/interleukin-10 (IL-10) and infiltration of M1/M2 macrophages in obese mice were examined. KMUP-1 was administered by oral gavage from weeks 1–14 in high-fat diet (HFD)-supplemented C57BL/6J male mice (protection group) and from weeks 8–14, for 6 weeks, in HFD-induced obese mice (treatment group). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tissues, oil globules number and size, infiltration and switching of M1/M2 macrophages were measured to determine the effects on livers. IL-10 and MMP-9 proteins were explored to determine the effects of KMUP-1 on M1/M2 macrophage polarization in HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Long-term administration of KMUP-1 reversed HFD-fed mice increased in body weight, sGOT/sGPT, triglyceride (TG) and glucose. Additionally, KMUP-1 decreased MMP-9 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased HSL/p-HSL and IL-10 in HFD mice livers. In conclusion, KMUP-1, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI), was shown to reduce lipid accumulation in liver tissues, suggesting that it could be able to prevent or treat steatohepatitis induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chain-Ting Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Tu Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
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Wu JR, Yeh JL, Liou SF, Dai ZK, Wu BN, Hsu JH. Gamma-secretase Inhibitor Prevents Proliferation and Migration of Ductus Arteriosus Smooth Muscle Cells through the Notch3-HES1/2/5 Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1063-73. [PMID: 27570480 PMCID: PMC4997050 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can cause morbidity and mortality in neonates. Vascular remodeling, characterized by proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), is an essential process for postnatal DA closure. Notch signaling is an important mediator of vascular remodelling but its role in DA is unkonwn. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration of DASMCs. Proliferation and migration of DASMCs cultured from neonatal Wistar rats were induced by Ang II, with or without DAPT pre-treatment. In addition, potential underlying mechanisms including cell cycle progression, Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signal transduction of MAPK and Akt, and Notch receptor with its target gene pathway were examined. We found that DAPT inhibited Ang II-induced DASMCs proliferation and migration dose dependently. DAPT also arrested the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1-phase, and attenuated calcium overload and ROS production caused by Ang II. Moreover, DAPT inhibited nuclear translocation of Notch3 receptor intracellular domain, with decreased expression of its down-stream genes including HES1, HES2 and HES5. Finally, Ang II-activated ERK1/2, JNK and Akt were also counteracted by DAPT. In conclusion, DAPT inhibits Ang II-induced DASMCs proliferation and migration. These effects are potentially mediated by decreased calcium influx, reduced ROS production, and down-regulation of ERK1/2, JNK and Akt, through the Notch3-HES1/2/5 pathway. Therefore, Notch signaling has a role in DA remodeling and may provide a target pathway for therapeutic intervention of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Ren Wu
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liou
- 5. Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- 4. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lee YL, Chen WC, Wu BN, Chuang SM, Wu WJ, Juan YS. Wheather green tea catechins could have a protective effect in overactive bladder rats induced by high-sugar high-fat diet and ovariectomy?. Urological Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2016.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Wu JR, Hsu JH, Dai ZK, Wu BN, Chen IJ, Liou SF, Yeh JL. Activation of endothelial NO synthase by a xanthine derivative ameliorates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:810-8. [PMID: 27109251 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial damage is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and hypertension. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are primitive bone marrow (BM) cells that possess the capacity to mature into endothelial cells and play a role in neovascularization and vascular remodelling. This study aimed to investigate whether KMUP-1, a synthetic xanthine-based derivative, atorvastatin and simvastatin, can prevent endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by hypoxia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mononuclear cells were separated and were induced to differentiate into EPCs. KMUP-1, atorvastatin or simvastatin were administered prior to hypoxia. KEY FINDINGS We found that EPCs exposed to hypoxia increased apoptosis as well as diminished proliferation. Pretreatment with KMUP-1, atorvastatin and simvastatin significantly prevented hypoxia-induced EPCs death and apoptosis, with associated increased of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression. We also assessed the nitrite production and Ser(1177)-phospho-eNOS expression and found that KMUP-1, atorvastatin and simvastatin not only increased the secretion of NO compared with the hypoxia group but also upregulated the eNOS activation. CONCLUSIONS KMUP-1 inhibited hypoxia-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in EPCs, which may be mediated through suppressing oxidative stress, upregulating eNOS and downregulating the caspase-3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lee HC, Lin HT, Hsiao YL, Sheu SH, Chen CH, Lai WT, Wu BN. Down Regulation of Atrial Gap Junction in Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with VLDL-Induced O-Linked Glycosylation. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lee HC, Lin HT, Ke LY, Wei C, Hsiao YL, Chu CS, Lai WT, Shin SJ, Chen CH, Sheu SH, Wu BN. VLDL from Metabolic Syndrome Individuals Enhanced Lipid Accumulation in Atria with Association of Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010134. [PMID: 26805814 PMCID: PMC4730373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic derangements. Dyslipidemia is an important factor in MetS and is related to atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in MetS (MetS-VLDL) may induce atrial dilatation and vulnerability to AF. VLDL was therefore separated from normal (normal-VLDL) and MetS individuals. Wild type C57BL/6 male mice were divided into control, normal-VLDL (nVLDL), and MetS-VLDL (msVLDL) groups. VLDL (15 µg/g) and equivalent volumes of saline were injected via tail vein three times a week for six consecutive weeks. Cardiac chamber size and function were measured by echocardiography. MetS-VLDL significantly caused left atrial dilation (control, n = 10, 1.64 ± 0.23 mm; nVLDL, n = 7, 1.84 ± 0.13 mm; msVLDL, n = 10, 2.18 ± 0.24 mm; p < 0.0001) at week 6, associated with decreased ejection fraction (control, n = 10, 62.5% ± 7.7%, vs. msVLDL, n = 10, 52.9% ± 9.6%; p < 0.05). Isoproterenol-challenge experiment resulted in AF in young msVLDL mice. Unprovoked AF occurred only in elderly msVLDL mice. Immunohistochemistry showed excess lipid accumulation and apoptosis in msVLDL mice atria. These findings suggest a pivotal role of VLDL in AF pathogenesis for MetS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lin Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
- Lipid and Glycoimmune Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Lo YC, Tseng YT, Liu CM, Wu BN, Wu SN. Actions of KMUP-1, a xanthine and piperazine derivative, on voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) -activated K(+) currents in GH3 pituitary tumour cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5110-22. [PMID: 26276211 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 7-[2-[4-(2-Chlorophenyl)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine (KMUP-1) is a xanthine-based derivative. It has soluble GC activation and K(+) -channel opening activity. Effects of this compound on ion currents in pituitary GH3 cells were investigated in this study. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of KMUP-1 on the amplitude and gating of voltage-gated Na(+) current (INa ) in pituitary GH3 cells and in HEKT293T cells expressing SCN5A. Both the amplitude of Ca(2+) -activated K(+) current and the activity of large-conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) (BKCa ) channels were also studied. KEY RESULTS KMUP-1 depressed the transient and late components of INa with different potencies. The IC50 values required for its inhibitory effect on transient and late INa were 22.5 and 1.8 μM respectively. KMUP-1 (3 μM) shifted the steady-state inactivation of INa to a hyperpolarized potential by -10 mV, despite inability to alter the recovery of INa from inactivation. In cell-attached configuration, KMUP-1 applied to bath increased BKCa -channel activity; however, in inside-out patches, this compound applied to the intracellular surface had no effect on it. It prolonged the latency in the generation of action currents elicited by triangular voltage ramps. Additionally, KMUP-1 decreased the peak INa with a concomitant increase of current inactivation in HEKT293T cells expressing SCN5A. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Apart from activating BKCa channels, KMUP-1 preferentially suppresses late INa . The effects of KUMP-1 on ion currents presented here constitute an underlying ionic mechanism of its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kuo KK, Wu BN, Liu CP, Yang TY, Kao LP, Wu JR, Lai WT, Chen IJ. Xanthine-based KMUP-1 improves HDL via PPARγ/SR-B1, LDL via LDLRs, and HSL via PKA/PKG for hepatic fat loss. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2070-84. [PMID: 26351364 PMCID: PMC4617394 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI)/eNOS enhancer KMUP-1, targeting G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), improves dyslipidemia. We compared its lipid-lowering effects with simvastatin and explored hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) translocation in hepatic fat loss. KMUP-1 HCl (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day) and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) were administered in C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage for 8 weeks. KMUP-1 inhibited HFD-induced plasma/liver TG, total cholesterol, and LDL; increased HDL/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR)/Rho kinase II (ROCK II)/PPARγ/ABCA1; and decreased liver and body weight. KMUP-1 HCl in drinking water (2.5 mg/200 ml tap water) for 1–14 or 8–14 weeks decreased HFD-induced liver and body weight and scavenger receptor class B type I expression and increased protein kinase A (PKA)/PKG/LDLRs/HSL expression and immunoreactivity. In HepG2 cells incubated with serum or exogenous mevalonate, KMUP-1 (10−7∼10−5 M) reversed HMGR expression by feedback regulation, colocalized expression of ABCA1/apolipoprotein A-I/LXRα/PPARγ, and reduced exogenous geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate/farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)-induced RhoA/ROCK II expression. A guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) antagonist reversed KMUP-1-induced ROCK II reduction, indicating cGMP/eNOS involvement. KMUP-1 inceased PKG and LDLRs surrounded by LDL and restored oxidized LDL-induced PKA expresion. Unlike simvastatin, KMUP-1 could not inhibit 14C mevalonate formation. KMUP-1 could, but simvastatin could not, decrease ROCK II expression by exogenous FPP/CGPP. KMUP-1 improves HDL via PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1/Apo-I expression and increases LDLRs/PKA/PKG/HSL expression and immunoreactivity, leading to TG hydrolysis to lower hepatic fat and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Chung-Pin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Li-Pin Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pedatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
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Chu LW, Chen JY, Wu PC, Wu BN. Atorvastatin prevents neuroinflammation in chronic constriction injury rats through nuclear NFκB downregulation in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:889-98. [PMID: 25874913 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin, traditionally used to treat hyperlipidemia, belongs to a class of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. This study investigated the antineuroinflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects of atorvastatin in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord for chronic constriction injury (CCI) neuropathic pain in rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups including sham, CCI, and CCI+atorvastatin. Rats were orally administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) once daily for 2 weeks after surgery and sacrificed at days 3, 7, and 14. All animals were assessed for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both hindpaws. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect inflammatory proteins and proinflammatory cytokines at day 7 after surgery. Pain behaviors were significantly reduced in the CCI+atorvastatin group compared to the CCI group. Atorvastatin attenuated CCI-induced inflammatory mediators (pAkt/Akt, COX-2, iNOS, EP1, and EP4) and reduced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels in DRG and spinal cord. Atorvastatin also inhibited nuclear pNFκB activation. Double immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that pNFκB proteins were decreased by atorvastatin in DRG satellite cells and spinal microglia. Atorvastatin may primarily inhibit the nuclear translocation of pNFκB to prevent CCI-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Atorvastatin exhibits antineuroinflammatory and antinociceptive properties in the central and peripheral nerve systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Yih Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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Dai ZK, Liu YW, Hsu JH, Yeh JL, Chen IJ, Wu JR, Wu BN. The Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 Attenuates Serotonin-Induced Vasoconstriction and K⁺-Channel Inhibitory Activity via the PKC Pathway in Pulmonary Arteries. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:633-42. [PMID: 25999786 PMCID: PMC4440253 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor that promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. 5-HT-induced K+ channel inhibition increases [Ca2+]i in PASMCs, which is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study investigated whether KMUP-1 reduces pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) and attenuates 5-HT-inhibited K+ channel activities in PASMCs. In endothelium-denuded PA rings, KMUP-1 (1 μM) dose-dependently reduced 5-HT (100 μM) mediated contractile responses. Responses to KMUP-1 were reversed by K+ channel inhibitors (TEA, 10 mM, 4-aminopyridine, 5 mM, and paxilline, 10 μM). In primary PASMCs, KMUP-1 also dose-dependently restored 5-HT-inhibited voltage-gated K+-channel (Kv1.5 and Kv2.1) and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channel (BKCa) proteins, as confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, 5-HT (10 μM)-inhibited Kv1.5 protein was unaffected by the PKA inhibitor KT5720 (1 μM) and the PKC activator PMA (1 μM), but these effects were reversed by KMUP-1 (1 μM), 8-Br-cAMP (100 μM), chelerythrine (1 μM), and KMUP-1 combined with a PKA/PKC activator or inhibitor. Notably, KMUP-1 reversed 5-HT-inhibited Kv1.5 protein and this response was significantly attenuated by co-incubation with the PKC activator PMA, suggesting that 5-HT-mediated PKC signaling can be modulated by KMUP-1. In conclusion, KMUP-1 ameliorates 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction and K+-channel inhibition through the PKC pathway, which could be valuable to prevent the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wu JR, Kao LP, Wu BN, Dai ZK, Wang YY, Chai CY, Chen IJ. Buffered l-ascorbic acid, alone or bound to KMUP-1 or sildenafil, reduces vascular endothelium growth factor and restores endothelium nitric oxide synthase in hypoxic pulmonary artery. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2015; 31:241-54. [PMID: 25910559 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid bound to KMUP-1 and sildenafil were examined for their antioxidant effects on vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in hypoxic pulmonary artery (PA). Inhaled KMUP-1 and oral sildenafil released NO from eNOS. The effect of buffered l-ascorbic acid, alone and bound to KMUP-1 or sildenafil, for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unclear. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid increased the beneficial effects of KMUP-1 on PAH. KMUP-1A and sildenafil-A (5 mg/kg/d) were administered to hypoxic PAH rats. Pulmonary artery blood pressure, and VEGF, Rho kinase II (ROCK II), eNOS, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC-α), and protein kinase G expression in lung tissues were measured to link PAH and right ventricular hypertrophy. Hypoxic rats had higher pulmonary artery blood pressure, greater PA medial wall thickness and cardiac weight, and a higher right ventricle/left ventricle + septum [RV/(LV+S)] ratio than normoxic rats. Oral KMUP-1A or sildenafil-A for 21 days in hypoxia prevented the rarefaction of eNOS in immunohistochemistry (IHC), reduced the IHC of VEGF in PAs, restored eNOS/protein kinase G/phosphodiesterase 5A; unaffected sGC-α and inactivated ROCK II expression were also found in lung tissues. In normoxic PA, KMUP-1A/Y27632 (10μM) increased eNOS and reduced ROCK II. ROCK II/reactive oxidative species was increased and eNOS was reduced after long-term hypoxia for 21 days. KMUP-1A or Y27632 blunted ROCK II in short-term hypoxic PA at 24 hours. l-Ascorbic acid + l-sodium ascorbate (40, 80μM) buffer alone directly inhibited the IHC of VEGF in hypoxic PA. Finally, KMUP-1A or sildenafil-A reduced PAH and associated right ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pin Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ya Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lee HC, Wei C, Ke LY, Tsai PS, Lin HT, Shiao YL, Wu BN, Chen CH, Sheu SH. Atherogenic Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Shortens Atrial Action Potential Duration by Increasing Potassium Currents and Calcium Transient. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Shen KP, Hao CL, Yen HW, Chen CY, Wu BN, Lin HL. Pre-germinated brown rice prevents high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia through elevated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism pathway in C57BL/6J strain mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 56:28-34. [PMID: 25834303 PMCID: PMC4306661 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect and mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) prevented hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD). Normal six-week-old mice were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed standard-regular-diet (SRD) and group 2 was fed HFD for 16 weeks. In group 3, the mice were fed a HFD with its carbohydrate replaced with PGBR for 16 weeks. Comparing the SRD and HFD groups, we found the HFD group had higher blood pressure, higher concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c. The HFD group had less protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and glucokinase (GCK) and greater expression of glucogen synthase kinase (GSK) in skeletal muscle. The HFD group also had less expression of IR, serine/threonine kinase PI3K-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), GCK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in liver. In the HFD + PGBR group, the PGBR could reverse the disorders of blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c and increase insulin concentration. PGBR increased the IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 proteins, and ameliorated AMPK, GCK, GSK and PPARγ proteins. Together, PGBR prevented HFD-induced hyperglycemia through improving insulin levels, insulin receptor, glucose transporters and enhancing glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, 60 Da-Lian Road, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- MS program for Applied Health and Biotechnology, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, 23 Ping-Kuang Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
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Hsu JH, Liou SF, Yang SN, Wu BN, Dai ZK, Chen IJ, Yeh JL, Wu JR. B-type natriuretic peptide inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:734-44. [PMID: 24167111 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, characterized by disordered proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), is a pathognomonic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thus, pharmacologic strategy targeting on anti-proliferation and anti-migration of PASMCs may have therapeutic implications for PAH. Here we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Proliferation and migration of PASMCs cultured from Wistar rats were induced by Ang II, with or without BNP treatment. In addition, potential underlying mechanisms including cell cycle progression, Ca(2+) overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signal transduction of MAPK and Akt, and the cGMP/PKG pathway were examined. We found that BNP inhibited Ang II-induced PASMCs proliferation and migration dose dependently. BNP could also arrest the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1-phase. In addition, BNP attenuated intracellular calcium overload caused by Ang II. Moreover, Ang II-induced ROS production was mitigated by BNP, with associated down-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase 1 (Nox1) and reduced mitochondrial ROS production. Finally, Ang II-activated MAPKs and Akt were also counteracted by BNP. Of note, all these effects of BNP were abolished by a PKG inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS). In conclusion, BNP inhibits Ang II-induced PASMCs proliferation and migration. These effects are potentially mediated by decreased calcium influx, reduced ROS production by Nox1 and mitochondria, and down-regulation of MAPK and Akt signal transduction, through the cGMP/PKG pathway. Therefore, this study implicates that BNP may have a therapeutic role in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Liu CP, Dai ZK, Huang CH, Yeh JL, Wu BN, Wu JR, Chen IJ. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase-enhancing G-protein coupled receptor antagonist inhibits pulmonary artery hypertension by endothelin-1-dependent and endothelin-1-independent pathways in a monocrotaline model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:267-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dai ZK, Lin TC, Liou JC, Cheng KI, Chen JY, Chu LW, Chen IJ, Wu BN. Xanthine derivative KMUP-1 reduces inflammation and hyperalgesia in a bilateral chronic constriction injury model by suppressing MAPK and NFκB activation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1621-31. [PMID: 24669856 DOI: 10.1021/mp5000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) could improve pain hypersensitivity and reduce inflammatory mediators, and also explore possible mechanisms in the rat sciatic nerve using bilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) to induce neuropathic pain. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, Sham+KMUP-1, CCI, and CCI+KMUP-1. KMUP-1 (5 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally starting at day 1 after surgery. Mechanical and thermal responses were assessed before surgery and at days 3, 7, and 14 after CCI. Sciatic nerves around the injury site were isolated for Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze protein and cytokine levels. The results show that thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were reduced in the KMUP-1 treated group as compared to that in the CCI group. Inflammatory proteins (COX2, iNOS, and nNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) induced by CCI were decreased in the KMUP-1 treated group at day 7 after surgery. KMUP-1 also inhibited neuropathic pain-related mechanisms, including p38 and ERK activation, but not JNK. Furthermore, KMUP-1 blocked IκB phosphorylation (p-IκB) and phospho-nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB) translocation to nuclei. Double immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that p-IκB (an indicator of activated NFκB) and p-NFκB proteins were almost abolished by KMUP-1 in peripheral macrophages and spinal microglia cells at day 7 after surgery. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that KMUP-1 has antiinflammatory and antihyperalgesia properties in CCI-induced neuropathic pain via decreases in MAPKs and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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