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Suleimani YA, Maskari RA, Ali BH, Ali H, Manoj P, Al-Khamiyasi A, Abdelrahman AM. Nephroprotective effects of diminazene on doxorubicin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:460-468. [PMID: 38053572 PMCID: PMC10693989 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of diminazene, an activator of angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE2), on kidney function and structure in rats with acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The impact of diminazene was compared to that of two other drugs: the ACE inhibitor lisinopril and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker valsartan. Rats were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (13.5 mg/kg) on the 5th day, either alone or in combination with diminazene (15 mg/kg/day), lisinopril (10 mg/kg/day), or valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 consecutive days. Various markers related to kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammation were measured in plasma and urine. Additionally, kidney tissues were assessed histopathologically. DOX-induced nephrotoxicity was confirmed by elevated levels of plasma urea, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). DOX also led to increased urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and decreased creatinine clearance, albumin levels, and osmolality. Moreover, DOX caused a reduction in renal oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase activities, while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It also raised plasma inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Concurrently administering diminazene significantly mitigated these DOX-induced changes, including histopathological alterations like renal tubule necrosis, tubular casts, shrunken glomeruli, and increased renal fibrosis. Similar protective effects were observed with lisinopril and valsartan. These protective effects, at least in part, appear to result from the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of these drugs. In summary, this study suggests that the administration of diminazene, lisinopril, or valsartan had comparable effects in ameliorating the biochemical and histopathological aspects of DOX-induced acute kidney injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Raya Al Maskari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Ali Al-Khamiyasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Aly M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
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Abdelrahman AM, Ali BH, Ali H, Manoj P, Al-Suleimani Y. The effect of diminazene, an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activator, on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:235-244. [PMID: 36300543 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of diminazene, lisinopril, or valsartan on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 6). The first and second groups received normal diet and adenine in the feed at a dose of 0.25% w/w for 35 days, respectively. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were treated as the second group but also received diminazene (15 mg/kg/day), lisinopril (10 mg/kg/day), and valsartan (30 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 35 days. Adenine significantly increased plasma urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), calcium, phosphorus, and uric acid. In addition, adenine increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)/creatinine ratio and reduced creatinine clearance. Adenine also significantly increased the plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-1beta [IL-1β]) and significantly reduced antioxidant indices (catalase, glutathione reductase [GR], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Histopathologically, renal tissue from adenine-treated rats showed necrosis of renal tubules, tubular casts, shrunken glomeruli, and increased renal fibrosis. All drugs ameliorated adenine-induced biochemical and histopathological changes. The protective effect of the three drugs used is, at least partially, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our results show that administration of diminazene, lisinopril, or valsartan had a comparable effect on the reversal of the biochemical and histopathological indices of adenine-induced CKD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly M Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| | - Yousuf Al-Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Elgendy ANAM, Mohamed WR. Xanthenone, ACE2 activator, counteracted gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Impact on oxidative stress and ACE2/Ang-(1-7) signaling. Life Sci 2021; 275:119387. [PMID: 33774027 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a rapid deterioration of kidney function due to exposure to nephrotoxic drugs as gentamicin. Gentamicin increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to inflammatory responses and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. The renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is considered a crucial regulator for physiological homeostasis and disease progression through the classic ACE/Ang-II/AT1 axis and its antagonist, ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis which exerts an important role in the kidney. The present study evaluates the protective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator; xanthenone; against experimental nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. Rats were divided into 4 groups, normal control, xanthenone (2 mg/kg, s.c), gentamicin (100 mg/kg, i.p. for one week) and xanthenone + gentamicin groups. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels were measured. The kidney tissues were used for estimating glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), NF-κB, Angiotensin II (AngII), and Ang-(1-7). In addition, histopathological examination and Western blot analysis of ACE2 expression were done. Xanthenone significantly restored serum levels of BUN and creatinine. Xanthenone exerted significant antioxidant effect as revealed by increased GSH content and SOD activity together with reduced MDA content. It exerted anti-inflammatory effect by significant reduction in TNF-α, NF-κB and IL-6 expression compared to gentamicin group. Xanthenone increased Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 expression while significantly decreased Ang-II expression. Histopathologically, xanthenone markedly counteracted gentamicin-induced renal aberrations. Activation of ACE2/Ang-(1-7) by xanthenone produced significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that counteracted gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Abdel Nasser A M Elgendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Chen IC, Lin JY, Liu YC, Chai CY, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu BN, Dai ZK. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activator Ameliorates Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in a Rat Model of Left Pneumonectomy Combined With VEGF Inhibition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:619133. [PMID: 33681251 PMCID: PMC7933511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.619133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening and deteriorating disease with no promising therapy available currently due to its diversity and complexity. An imbalance between vasoconstriction and vasodilation has been proposed as the mechanism of PAH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin (Ang) II into the vasodilator Ang-(1-7), has been shown to be an important regulator of blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Herein we hypothesized diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 activator, could ameliorate the development of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Methods: A murine model of PAH was established using left pneumonectomy (PNx) on day 0 followed by injection of a single dose of the VEGF receptor-2 inhibitor SU5416 (25 mg/kg) subcutaneously on day 1. All hemodynamic and biochemical measurements were done at the end of the study on day 42. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 6–8/group): (1) sham-operated group, (2) vehicle-treatment group (SuPNx42), (3) early treatment group (SuPNx42/DIZE1−42) with DIZE at 15 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously from day 1 to day 42, and (4) late treatment group (SuPNx42/DIZE29−42) with DIZE from days 29–42. Results: In both the early and late treatment groups, DIZE significantly attenuated the mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary arteriolar remodeling, and right ventricle brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), as well as reversed the overexpression of ACE while up-regulating the expression of Ang-(1-7) when compared with the vehicle-treatment group. In addition, the early treatment group also significantly decreased plasma BNP and increased the expression of eNOS. Conclusions: ACE2 activator has therapeutic potentials for preventing and attenuating the development of PAH in an animal model of left pneumonectomy combined with VEGF inhibition. Activation of ACE2 may thus be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jao-Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Ameliorative effect of AT2R and ACE2 activation on ischemic renal injury associated cardiac and hepatic dysfunction. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103501. [PMID: 32979558 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the role of the depressor arm of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on ischemic renal injury (IRI)-associated cardio-hepatic sequalae under non-diabetic (ND) and diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions. Firstly, rats were injected with Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.) to develop DM. ND and DM rats underwent Bilateral IRI followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Further, ND and DM rats were subjected to AT2R agonist-Compound 21 (C21) (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or ACE2 activator- Diminazene Aceturate (Dize), (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) per se or its combination therapy. As results, IRI caused cardio-hepatic injuries via altered oxidant/anti-oxidant levels, elevated inflammatory events, and altered protein expressions of ACE, ACE2, Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and urinary AGT. However, concomitant therapy of AT2R agonist and ACE2 activator exerts a protective effect in IRI-associated cardio-hepatic dysfunction as evidenced by inhibited oxidative stress, downregulated inflammation, and enhanced cardio-hepatic depressor arm of RAS under ND and DM conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Malek V, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Simultaneous inhibition of neprilysin and activation of ACE2 prevented diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:958-967. [PMID: 31470292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neprilysin inhibitors (NEPi) are assisting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in halting diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Away from conventional tactic, a recent report revealed the renoprotective potential of NEPi and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) activator combination therapy against diabetic nephropathy. However, this combination so far not evaluated against DCM, thus the present investigation aiming the same. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced (55 mg/kg, ip) type 1 diabetic (T1D) male Wistar rats were treated with either monotherapy of thiorphan (0.1 mg/kg/day, po) or diminazene aceturate (5 mg/kg/day, po), or their combination therapy, for four weeks. After hemodynamic measurements, all the rats' heart and plasma were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, histopathology, and immunoblotting. RESULTS Metabolic perturbations and failing cardiac functions associated with diabetes were markedly attenuated by combination therapy. Besides, unfavourable alterations in RAS and natriuretic peptides system (NPS) were corrected by combination therapy. Interestingly, combination therapy significantly increased plasma and heart cGMP levels compared to T1D and monotherapy receiving rats. Moreover, rats receiving combination therapy exhibited significant inhibition of activated NF-κB, TGF-β and apoptotic signalling, and a notable reduction in cardiac fibrosis when compared to T1D rats. Expressions of posttranslational histone modifications markers; H3K4Me2 and its methyltransferases (SET7/9 and RBBP5) were significantly enhanced in T1D hearts, which were significantly reduced by combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS The NEPi and ACE2 activator combination therapy effectively prevented DCM by normalising RAS and NPS activities, increasing cGMP, inhibiting inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and apoptotic signalling, and reversing H3K4Me2 and its methyl transferases expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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Sharma N, Malek V, Mulay SR, Gaikwad AB. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mediate ischemic renal injury in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 235:116796. [PMID: 31470003 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Depressor arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exerts reno-protective effects in chronic kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy. However, same is still elusive under AKI and hyperglycaemia comorbidity. Hence, the present study delineates the role of angiotensin-II type 2 receptor (AT2R) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in AKI under normal and hyperglycaemia condition. METHODS Non-diabetic (ND) and Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats were subjected to ischemic renal injury (IRI). Rats underwent IRI were treated with an AT2R agonist, C21 (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or ACE2 activator, Dize, (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) either alone or as combination therapy. Renal histopathology and immunohistochemistry, proximal tubular fraction isolation, ELISA, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR were performed for subsequent analysis. KEY FINDINGS Rats subjected to IRI displayed an increase in plasma ACE, AT1R, AT2R, Ang II, and reduction in ACE2, Ang-(1-7) expressions, with augmented renal inflammation and apoptosis. These changes were more prominent in diabetic rats with IRI. Co-administration of C21 and Dize augmented ACE2, Ang-(1-7), AT2R and MasR expressions, and attenuated tubular injury in both DM and ND rats. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that pharmacological activation of AT2R and ACE2 protects DM and ND rats from IRI by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis-mediated tubular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Badae NM, El Naggar AS, El Sayed SM. Is the cardioprotective effect of the ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate more potent than the ACE inhibitor enalapril on acute myocardial infarction in rats? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:638-646. [PMID: 30840489 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major cause of cardiac dysfunction. All components of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are upregulated in myocardial infarction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are key enzymes involved in synthesis of components of RAS and provide a counter-regulatory mechanism within RAS. We compared the cardioprotective effect of the ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) versus the ACE inhibitor enalapril on post acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ventricular dysfunction in rats. Adult male rats received subcutaneous injections of either saline (control) or isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) to induce AMI. Rats with AMI confirmed biochemically and by ECG, were either left untreated (AMI) or administered DIZE (AMI + DIZE) or enalapril (AMI + enalapril) daily for 4 weeks. DIZE caused a significant activation of cardiac ACE2 compared with enalapril. DIZE caused a significantly greater enhancement of cardiac hemodynamics. DIZE also caused greater reductions in heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), β-myosin heavy chain (β-MYH), and in heart mass to total body mass ratio. These results indicated that activation of cardiac ACE2 by DIZE enhanced the protective axis of RAS and improved myocardial function following AMI, whereas enalapril was not sufficient to restore all cardiac parameters back to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mohamed Badae
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Samy El Naggar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samiha Mahmoud El Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Malek V, Sharma N, Sankrityayan H, Gaikwad AB. Concurrent neprilysin inhibition and renin-angiotensin system modulations prevented diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2019; 221:159-167. [PMID: 30769114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and natriuretic peptides system (NPS) perturbations govern the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hence, in search of a novel therapy against DN, present study targeted both, NPS and RAS simultaneously using a neprilysin inhibitor (NEPi) in combination with either angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator. METHODS We induced diabetes in male Wistar rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.). After four weeks, we treated diabetic rats with thiorphan, telmisartan or diminazene aceturate (Dize) 0.1, 10, 5 mg/kg/day, p.o. alone as monotherapy, or both thiorphan/telmisartan or thiorphan/Dize as combination therapy, for four weeks. Then, plasma and urine biochemistry were performed, and kidneys from all the groups were collected and processed separately for histopathology, ELISA and Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Proposed combination therapies attenuated metabolic perturbations, prevented renal functional decline, and normalised adverse alterations in renal ACE, ACE2, Ang-II, Ang-(1-7), neprilysin and cGMP levels in diabetic rats. Histopathological evaluation revealed a significant reduction in glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by combination therapies. Importantly, combination therapies inhibited inflammatory, profibrotic and apoptotic signalling, way better than respective monotherapies, in preventing DN. CONCLUSION Renoprotective potential of thiorphan (NEPi)/telmisartan (ARB) and thiorphan/Dize (ACE2 activator) combination therapies against the development of DN is primarily attributed to normalisation of RAS and NPS components and inhibition of pathological signalling related to inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Hence, we can conclude that NEPi/ARB and NEPi/ACE2 activator combination therapies might be new therapeutic strategies in preventing DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Agrawal V, Gupta JK, Qureshi SS, Vishwakarma VK. Role of cardiac renin angiotensin system in ischemia reperfusion injury and preconditioning of heart. Indian Heart J 2016; 68:856-861. [PMID: 27931559 PMCID: PMC5143827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-vascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Ischemia is a state of oxygen deprivation in tissues, whereas reperfusion is restoration of blood flow in ischemic tissues. Myocardial damage of tissue during reperfusion after ischemic insult is known as myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. It induces damage to cardiac muscle via increasing expression of oxygen, sodium and calcium ions which are responsible in the activation of proteases and cell death. Heart renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Angiotensin (1–7) is responsible for vasodilation and angiotensin II for vasoconstriction. Here-in we reviewed how myocardial I/R injury sets in by up-regulation of angiotensin II that leads to increased infarct size, which can be reduced by the use of ACE inhibitors, ACE2 activators and angiotensin II antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
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Haga S, Tsuchiya H, Hirai T, Hamano T, Mimori A, Ishizaka Y. A novel ACE2 activator reduces monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing the JAK/STAT and TGF-β cascades with restored caveolin-1 expression. Exp Lung Res 2014; 41:21-31. [PMID: 25275723 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.959141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Recently, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which converts angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1-7), was shown to inhibit experimental PH. Here we identified a novel ACE2 activator and investigated how the compound reduced monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. METHODS To induce PH, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with MCT, followed by the continuous administration of NCP-2454, an ACE2 activator, using osmotic pumps. Pulmonary arterial compliance was monitored every week until 4 weeks post-injection (wpi). RVH and lung remodeling was evaluated using lung tissue at 4 wpi. RESULTS NCP-2454 upregulated the production of Ang-(1-7) when incubated with ACE2 and Ang II. Notably, a continuous infusion of NCP-2454 significantly improved pulmonary arterial compliance, right ventricular systolic pressure, and RVH in MCT-treated rats. Interestingly, NCP-2454 increased the relative expression of ACE2 and MAS mRNA in lung tissue, especially in MCT-treated rats. In addition, the compound inhibited the MCT-induced overexpression of transforming growth factor β, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and interleukin-6 production. The compound also restored the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which negatively regulates the Janus kinase-STAT signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS NCP-2454 prevented MCT-induced PH by suppressing intracellular inflammatory cascades, an upstream molecular change of which is the disruption of Cav-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Haga
- 1Department of Intractable Diseases, Institute of National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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