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Silva SVE, Gallia MC, da Luz JRD, de Rezende AA, Bongiovanni GA, Araujo-Silva G, Almeida MDG. Antioxidant Effect of Coenzyme Q10 in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Arsenic-Treated CHO-K1 Cells and Possible Participation of Zinc as a Pro-Oxidant Agent. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163265. [PMID: 36014770 PMCID: PMC9412518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes. Compounds with antioxidant properties, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), can reduce cellular imbalance caused by an increase in ROS. CoQ10 participates in modulating redox homeostasis due to its antioxidant activity and its preserving mitochondrial functions. Thus, the present study demonstrated the protective effects of CoQ10 against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by arsenic (As). Antioxidant capacity, formation of hydroperoxides, generation of ROS, and the effect on cellular viability of CoQ10, were investigated to determine the protective effect of CoQ10 against As and pro-oxidant compounds, such as zinc. Cell viability assays showed that CoQ10 is cytoprotective under cellular stress conditions, with potent antioxidant activity, regardless of the concentration tested. Zn, when used at higher concentrations, can increase ROS and show a pro-oxidant effect causing cell damage. The cytotoxic effect observed for As, Zn, or the combination of both could be prevented by CoQ10, without any decrease in its activity at cellular levels when combined with Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Victor e Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012570, Brazil
| | - María Celeste Gallia
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), School of Agricultural Sciences, Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900070, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
| | - Guillermina Azucena Bongiovanni
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), School of Agricultural Sciences, Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900070, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis (DACT), Health Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Sciences Center, UFRN, Natal 59012570, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Gallia MC, Bachmeier E, Ferrari A, Queralt I, Mazzeo MA, Bongiovanni GA. Pehuén (Araucaria araucana) seed residues are a valuable source of natural antioxidants with nutraceutical, chemoprotective and metal corrosion-inhibiting properties. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104175. [PMID: 32920353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, green chemistry has been attracting great interest in many contexts, including, among others, natural antioxidants. However, only a few works deal with natural residue extracts and biowaste, which could be an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly source for the production of useful compounds. In this study, we look for antioxidant activity in Araucaria araucana seeds, an iconic pine species of the Argentine and Chilean Patagonia commonly known as "pehuén". Piñones are the edible pehuén seeds, and it is estimated that approximately 40 tons of piñones are harvested annually in Argentina and Chile. The chemical composition, antioxidants, metal corrosion-inhibiting properties and biological activity of edible and discarded piñón tissues were determined. Acute toxicity was discarded by in vitro testing and double fluorescent staining. Biological activity was evaluated in vivo by determining redox markers in salivary glands from rats treated with Cyclophosphamide (an oncological drug). All piñón tissues had antioxidants and antioxidant activity, with the coats showing the highest levels (up to 404 µg ascorbic acid equivalent per mg). The coats, in particular, had high gallic acid, catechin, quercetin and tannin contents, and more antioxidant activity, polyphenols and flavonoids than berries from the region. Results by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showed that Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca were majority elements in the coat, embryo and endosperm. Furthermore, coat extract also showed significant anti-corrosion activity and in vivo protection against oxidative damage. The results indicate that piñón biowaste is a low-cost attractive source of natural antioxidants with potential nutraceutical, medical and metal corrosion protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Gallia
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN, CONICET-UNCo), Neuquén, Argentina; School of Medicine, Comahue National University, Argentina
| | - Evelin Bachmeier
- School of Odontology, Córdoba National University, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Ferrari
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN, CONICET-UNCo), Neuquén, Argentina; School of Medicine, Comahue National University, Argentina
| | - Ignasi Queralt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo A Mazzeo
- School of Odontology, Córdoba National University, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillermina A Bongiovanni
- Institute of Research and Development in Process Engineering, Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN, CONICET-UNCo), Neuquén, Argentina; School of Agricultural Sciences, Comahue National University, Argentina.
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Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H. Milk thistle ( Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 43:240-254. [PMID: 30033764 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1485687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological and chemical agents cause dangerous effects on human health via different exposing ways. Recently, herbal medicine is considered as a biological and safe treatment for toxicities. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), belongs to the Asteraceae family, possesses different effects such as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that this plant has protective properties against toxic agents. Herein, the protective effects of S. marianum and its main component, silymarin, which is the mixture of flavonolignans including silibinin, silydianin and silychristin acts against different biological (mycotoxins, snake venoms, and bacterial toxins) and chemical (metals, fluoride, pesticides, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic agents) poisons have been summarized. This review reveals that main protective effects of milk thistle and its components are attributed to radical scavenging, anti-oxidative, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties, and regulating the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
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Quiroga PL, Soria EA, Valentich MA, Eynard AR. Differential Potentiation of Retinoic Acid Effects against Human Breast Cancer Cells by Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1137-1144. [PMID: 30216095 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1497669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are proposed as nutritional anticancer agents. Nonetheless, the activity of their combination on human breast cancer needs further study. Our aim was to evaluate this activity on the MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines treated with 1 µM RA and 50 µM of γ-linoleic (GLA, ω-6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, ω-3), oleic (OA, ω-9), or eicosatrienoic (ETA, ω-9) acids. The following cellular responses were compared by ANOVA and Fisher test (P < 0.05): fatty acids, E-cadherin, actin (differentiation), conjugated dienes, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (stress), and viability, which were correlated by partial least squares regression. Although both cell lines responded differentially, RA modified unsaturated fatty acids, increased differentiation, reduced γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and viability. RA differentiating activity on ZR-75-1 was morphologically enhanced by UFA. Stress induction with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase decrease and conjugated dienes was promoted by ETA in MCF-7, and EPA and OA in ZR-75-1. RA-related reduced viability was potentiated by EPA and OA in both lines. GLA was less active. Therefore, unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3/ω-9) potentiated the multitarget retinoic acid activity against these human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Quiroga
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elio A Soria
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Mirta A Valentich
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Aldo R Eynard
- a Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET , Córdoba , Argentina
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5
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How sodium arsenite improve amyloid β-induced memory deficit? Physiol Behav 2016; 163:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Babosová R, Omelka R, Ďúranová H, Kováčová V, Lukáčová M, Capcarová M, Martiniaková M. Quercetin-induced changes in femoral bone microstructure of adult male rabbits. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of plant metabolites with antioxidant effects. One of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet is quercetin. It is found widely in fruits, vegetables and has a lot of beneficial effects on human health. Quercetin has a positive pharmacological effect on bone metabolism and it prevents the organism against bone loss. However, its impact on the size of basic structural units of the compact bone is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the impact of the quercetin on femoral bone microstructure in 5-month-old male rabbits. Five rabbits of Californian broiler line were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group (E group; n=3), animals were intramuscularly injected with quercetin at dose 1000 μg.kg-1 body weight (bw) for 90 days, 3 times per week. Two rabbits without quercetin administration served as a control group (C group). According to our results, intramuscular application of quercetin had an insignificant effect on cortical bone thickness in male rabbits. In these rabbits, changes in qualitative histological characteristics were present in the middle part of the compacta, where primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was present and expanded there from the periosteum. Also, a lower number of secondary osteons was found in these animals. From the histomorphometrical point of view, significantly decreased sizes of primary osteons' vascular canals and secondary osteons (p <0.05) were found in rabbits administered by quercetin. Our findings indicate that subchronic administration of quercetin at the dose used in our study had considerable impact on both qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics of the compact bone in adult male rabbits.
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Fernández-Blanco C, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Role of quercetin on Caco-2 cells against cytotoxic effects of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Online Measurement of Real-Time Cytotoxic Responses Induced by Multi-Component Matrices, such as Natural Products, through Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27044-57. [PMID: 26569236 PMCID: PMC4661872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are complex matrices of compounds that are prone to interfere with the label-dependent methods that are typically used for cytotoxicity screenings. Here, we developed a label-free Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS)-based cytotoxicity assay that can be applied in the assessment of the cytotoxicity of natural extracts. The conditions to measure the impedance using ECIS were first optimized in mice immortalized hypothalamic neurons GT1-7 cells. The performance of four natural extracts when tested using three conventional cytotoxicity assays in GT1-7 cells, was studied. Betula pendula (silver birch tree) was found to interfere with all of the cytotoxicity assays in which labels were applied. The silver birch extract was also proven to be cytotoxic and, thus, served as a proof-of-concept for the use of ECIS. The extract was fractionated and the ECIS method permitted the distinction of specific kinetic patterns of cytotoxicity on the fractions as well as the extract’s pure constituents. This study offers evidence that ECIS is an excellent tool for real-time monitoring of the cytotoxicity of complex extracts that are difficult to work with using conventional (label-based) assays. Altogether, it offers a very suitable cytotoxicity-screening assay making the work with natural products less challenging within the drug discovery workflow.
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Soria EA, Bongiovanni GA, Luján CD, Eynard AR. Effect of arsenite on nitrosative stress in human breast cancer cells and its modulation by flavonoids. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:659-63. [PMID: 25849845 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1019637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is used in the treatment of leukemia and breast cancer due to its oxidative cytotoxic action. However, it is also toxic to normal cells. One proposed anticancer mechanism induced by As might be nitrosative stress (NS). It is believed that antioxidant flavonoids in combination with As might reduce its toxic action on normal cells without interfering with its antitumor action. In the present study, we evaluated the antineoplastic potential of As on breast human cancer lines MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 treated with redox-modulating flavonoids, such as quercetin (Q) and silymarin (S). Even though both cell lines differed about their oxidative responsiveness, their viability was decreased by NS induction through γ-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibition. Arsenic triggered NS in both MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cultures, with the formers more sensitive without recovering their pre-treatment capacity. ZR-75-1 cells maintained their antioxidant status, whereas MCF-7 ones treated with S, As, and As + Q did not. Silymarin did not interfere with the described As bioactivity. NS was an anticancer mechanism exerted by As depending on the redox cellular response that could be differentially modified by dietary antioxidants. Hence, it is worthwhile to consider the use of dietary antioxidants as adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy, especially when using As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio A Soria
- a Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-UNC/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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Chen R, Lin J, Hong J, Han D, Zhang AD, Lan R, Fu L, Wu Z, Lin J, Zhang W, Wang Z, Chen W, Chen C, Zhang H. Potential toxicity of quercetin: The repression of mitochondrial copy number via decreased POLG expression and excessive TFAM expression in irradiated murine bone marrow. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:450-458. [PMID: 28962259 PMCID: PMC5598249 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of quercetin is not well understood. Using an ICR murine model, we unexpectedly found that mice exposed to 7 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) exhibited general in vivo toxicity after receiving quercetin (100 mg/kg PO), whereas this result was not observed in mice that received TBI only. In order to understand the involvement of alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, we used a real-time qPCR to analyze the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) by amplifying the MTRNR1 (12S rRNA) gene in murine bone marrow. We also utilized reverse transcription qPCR to determine the mRNA amounts transcribed from the polymerase gamma (POLG), POLG2, and mammalian mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) genes in the tissue. In the mice exposed to TBI combined with quercetin, we found: (1) the radiation-induced increase of mtDNAcn was inhibited with a concurrent significant decrease in POLG expression; (2) TFAM expression was significantly increased; and (3) the expression of POLG2 was not influenced by the treatments. These data suggest that the overall toxicity was in part associated with the decrease in mtDNAcn, an effect apparently caused by the inhibition of POLG expression and overexpression of TFAM; unaltered POLG2 expression did not seem to contribute to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Chen
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jingan Lin
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jingshen Hong
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Deping Han
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Addison D Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Lengxi Fu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Hengshan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
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Development of an Antioxidant Phytoextract of Lantana grisebachii with Lymphoprotective Activity against In Vitro Arsenic Toxicity. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:416761. [PMID: 25002868 PMCID: PMC4070537 DOI: 10.1155/2014/416761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals have been presumed to possess prophylactic and curative properties in several pathologies, such as arsenic- (As-) induced immunosuppression. Our aim was to discover a lymphoprotective extract from Lantana grisebachii Stuck. (Verbenaceae) (LG). We assessed its bioactivity and chemical composition using cell-based assays. Fractions produced from a hexane extract acutely induced nitrite formation in T-activated cell cultures (P < 0.0001). Water extraction released a fraction lacking nitrite inducing activity in both lymphocyte types. Aqueous LG was found to be safe in proliferated and proliferating cells. The infusion-derived extract presented better antioxidant capacity in proportion to phenolic amount in lymphocytes (infusive LG-1i at 100 μg/mL), which protected them against in vitro As-induced lymphotoxicity (P < 0.0001). This infusive LG phytoextract contained 10.23 ± 0.43 mg/g of phenolics, with 58.46% being flavonoids. Among the phenolics, the only predominant compound was 0.723 mg of chlorogenic acid per gram of dry plant, in addition to 10 unknown minor compounds. A fatty acid profile was assessed. It contained one-third of saturated fatty acids, one-third of ω9, followed by ω6 (~24%) and ω3 (~4%), and scarce ω7. Summing up, L. grisebachii was a source of bioactive and lymphoprotective compounds, which could counteract As-toxicity. This supports its phytomedical use and research in order to reduce As-related dysfunctions.
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Eynard AR, Navarro A. Crosstalk among dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, urolithiasis, chronic inflammation, and urinary tract tumor risk. Nutrition 2013; 29:930-8. [PMID: 23594581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on a consistent bulk of experimental and epidemiologic works, we proposed that abnormal metabolism and/or dietary deprivation of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids by inducing a chronic and subclinical essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) in urothelial cell membranes may enhance the risk for urinary tract tumor (UTT) development. This threat may be enhanced by the unusual fact that the fatty-acid profile of the normal urothelium is similar to that reported in EFAD. The risk for UTT may be worsened when coexisting with a low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) state induced by urolithiasis or disbalance management of peroxides, free radical molecules, and their quenchers. There is cumulative evidence linking the LGCI of the urinary tract mucosa, calculi, and UTT, due to the long-standing release of promitotic, promutagen, and pro-inflammatory antiapoptotic cytokines in these conditions. The dual role played by pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and bioactive lipids, cytokines, and the disbalance of lipid peroxidation is discussed, concluding that the moderate, long-standing consumption or dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs may improve the chances of avoiding UTT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo R Eynard
- Instituto de Biología Celular, INICSA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Malekinejad H, Janbaz-Acyabar H, Razi M, Varasteh S. Preventive and protective effects of silymarin on doxorubicin-induced testicular damages correlate with changes in c-myc gene expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1077-84. [PMID: 22819302 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the preventive and protective effects of silymarin (SMN) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced damages in the testis. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=8), including: control (C), DOX-treated (DOX, 15 mg/kg, i.p.), DOX- and SMN-treated and SMN-treated animals (SMN, 50 mg/kg, orally). Those groups, which received either compounds, were sub-grouped based on the preventive (PVT), protective (PTT) and/or therapeutic regimens (TPT) of SMN administration. The antioxidant status analyses, hormonal assay, and histopathological examinations in the testis were conducted. The expression of c-myc at mRNA level also was analyzed. SMN in preventive and protective forms significantly (p<0.05) improved the DOX-induced weight loss and lowered the alkaline phosphatase level. Pretreatment and co-treatment with SMN attenuated the DOX-induced carbonyl stress. The DOX-induced histopathological damages including negative TDI and IR were significantly (p<0.05) improved with SMN pretreatment and co-administration. SMN in preventive and protective forms prevented from DOX-induced DNA fragmentation in the testis. SMN ameliorated the DOX-reduced serum level of sexual hormones including testosterone, inhibin B, LH and FSH in PVT and PTT groups. The c-myc expression at mRNA level was completely and relatively down regulated in the testis of animals that received SMN as pretreatment and concurrent administration, respectively. Our data suggests that the DOX-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations could be prevented and/or protected by SMN. Moreover, the SMN protective and preventive effects attribute to its capacity in the reduction of DOX-induced carbonyl stress and DNA damage, which may be mediated by c-myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Sassi N, Biasutto L, Mattarei A, Carraro M, Giorgio V, Citta A, Bernardi P, Garbisa S, Szabò I, Paradisi C, Zoratti M. Cytotoxicity of a mitochondriotropic quercetin derivative: Mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1095-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Niclis C, Díaz MDP, Eynard AR, Román MD, La Vecchia C. Dietary habits and prostate cancer prevention: a review of observational studies by focusing on South America. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:23-33. [PMID: 22136636 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There exist several works considering the association between diet and prostate cancer (PC) risk, but the issue is largely unsettled. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological studies on diet and risk of PC focusing on those carried out in countries of South America. There is some suggestion that dairy products, red meat, processed meat, α-linolenic fatty acids, as well as dietary patterns characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meat, eggs, and grains may play some role in the development of PC. There is no clear association with the intake of vegetables and fruits, lycopene, fats, and different types of fatty acids. The evidence on diet and PC is therefore inconclusive in general and specifically in South America. Particular attention must be paid to the study of cancer risk in some countries of South America because of the singularly risky dietary pattern consumed by its population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Niclis
- Cátedra de Estadística y Bioestadística, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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