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Tsutsumi T, Kawabata K, Yamazaki N, Tsukigawa K, Nishi H, Tokumura A. Extracellular and intracellular productions of lysophosphatidic acids and cyclic phosphatidic acids by lysophospholipase D from exogenously added lysophosphatidylcholines to cultured NRK52E cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159349. [PMID: 37295607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that is a notable biomarker of kidney injury. However, it is not clear how LPA is produced in renal cells. In this study, we explored LPA generation and its enzymatic pathway in a rat kidney-derived cell, NRK52E cells. Culturing of NRK52E cells with acyl lysophosphatidylcholine (acyl LPC), or lyso-platelet activating factor (lysoPAF, alkyl LPC) was resulted in increased extracellular level of choline, co-product with LPA by lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD). Their activities were enhanced by addition of calcium ions to the cell culture medium, but failed to be inhibited by S32826, an autotaxin (ATX)-specific inhibitor. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis revealed the small, but significant extracellular production of acyl LPA/cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) and alkyl LPA/cPA. The mRNA expression of glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) 7 with lysoPLD activity was elevated in confluent NRK52E cells cultured over 3 days. GDE7 plasmid-transfection of NRK52E cells augmented both extracellular and intracellular productions of LPAs (acyl and alkyl) as well as extracellular productions of cPAs (acyl and alkyl) from exogenous LPCs (acyl and alkyl). These results suggest that intact NRK52E cells are able to produce choline and LPA/cPA from exogenous LPCs through the enzymatic action of GDE7 that is located on the plasma membranes and intracellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-machi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Magkrioti C, Kaffe E, Aidinis V. The Role of Autotaxin and LPA Signaling in Embryonic Development, Pathophysiology and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098325. [PMID: 37176032 PMCID: PMC10179533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) or Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) is a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, with its primary function being the extracellular hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
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Hou Y, Ding T, Guan Z, Wang J, Yao R, Yu Z, Zhao X. Untargeted metabolomics reveals the preventive effect of quercetin on nephrotoxicity induced by four organophosphorus pesticide mixtures. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113747. [PMID: 36997054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the protective effect of quercetin against nephrotoxicity induced by four organophosphate pesticide mixtures (PM) using untargeted metabolomics technology in rat kidneys. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, low-dose quercetin treated (10 mg/kg. bw), high-dose quercetin treated (50 mg/kg. bw), PM-treated, and two dosages of quercetin + PM-treated. Metabolomics results showed that 17 differential metabolites were identified in the PM-treated group, and pathway analysis revealed that renal metabolic disorders include purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. When high-dose quercetin and PM-treated were administered to rats concurrently, the intensities of differential metabolites were substantially restored (p < 0.01), suggesting that quercetin can improve renal metabolic disorders caused by organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Mechanistically, quercetin could regulate the purine metabolism disorder and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated autophagy induced by OPs by inhibiting XOD activity. Moreover, quercetin inhibits PLA2 activity to regulate glycerophospholipid metabolism and it could also exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to correct vitamin B6 metabolism in rat kidneys. Taken together, the high dose of quercetin (50 mg/kg.bw) has a certain protective effect on OPs-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, which provides a theoretical basis for quercetin against nephrotoxicity caused by OPs.
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Wang YN, Zhang ZH, Liu HJ, Guo ZY, Zou L, Zhang YM, Zhao YY. Integrative phosphatidylcholine metabolism through phospholipase A 2 in rats with chronic kidney disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:393-405. [PMID: 35922553 PMCID: PMC9889763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also the important risk factors for high morbidity and mortality. Although lipid abnormalities were identified in CKD, integral metabolic pathways for specific individual lipid species remain to be clarified. We conducted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and identified plasma lipid species and therapeutic effects of Rheum officinale in CKD rats. Adenine-induced CKD rats were administered Rheum officinale. Urine, blood and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. We showed that exogenous adenine consumption led to declining kidney function in rats. Compared with control rats, a panel of differential plasma lipid species in CKD rats was identified in both positive and negative ion modes. Among the 50 lipid species, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA) accounted for the largest number of identified metabolites. We revealed that six PCs had integral metabolic pathways, in which PC was hydrolysed into LysoPC, and then converted to LysoPA, which was associated with increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein expression in CKD rats. The lower levels of six PCs and their corresponding metabolites could discriminate CKD rats from control rats. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that each individual lipid species had high values of area under curve, sensitivity and specificity. Administration of Rheum officinale significantly improved impaired kidney function and aberrant PC metabolism in CKD rats. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CKD leads to PC metabolism disorders and that the dysregulation of PC metabolism is involved in CKD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China.
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Gu Z, Yan Y, Yao H, Lin K, Li X. Targeting the LPA1 signalling pathway for fibrosis therapy: a patent review (2010-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1097-1122. [PMID: 36175357 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2130753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis is a disease that damages organs and even causes death. Because of the complicated pathogenesis, the development of drugs for fibrosis is challenging. In the lysophosphatidic acid receptor type 1 (LPA1) signalling pathway, LPA1 and its downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) are related to the process of fibrosis. Targeting LPA1 signalling pathway is a potential strategy for the treatment of fibrosis. AREA COVERED This review describes the process of fibrosis mediated by the LPA1 signalling pathway and then summarizes LPA1 antagonist patents reported since 2010 and ROCK inhibitor patents since 2017 according to their scaffolds based on the Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence database. Information on LPA1 antagonists entering clinical trials is integrated. EXPERT OPINION Over the past decade, a large number of antagonists targeting the LPA1 signalling pathway have been patented for fibrosis therapy. A limited number of compounds have entered clinical trials. Different companies and research groups have used different scaffolds when designing compounds for fibrosis therapy. Therefore, LPA1 and ROCK are competitive targets for the development of new therapies for fibrosis to provide a potential treatment method for fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejiang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang X, Feng B, Liu M, Liu Z, Li S, Zeng W. Preclinical detection of lysophosphatidic acid: A new window for ovarian cancer diagnostics. Talanta 2022; 247:123561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tsutsumi T, Yasuda K, Neya M, Okada H, Tokumura A. Lysophosphatidic acid production from lysophosphatidylcholine by lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin in plasma of women with normal and adverse pregnancies. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106670. [PMID: 35963509 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To identify biomarker lipids causing preterm delivery, we focused on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The results of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that plasma levels of LPCs and LPAs were higher in the first and third (T3) trimesters of human normal and adverse pregnancies than in the second trimester, suggesting the direct metabolic conversion of LPC to LPA by lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity of autotaxin. The elevated LPC and LPA levels in women with preterm deliveries in T3 were higher than in women with term deliveries under normal pregnancy in T3. We measured lysoPLD activity of diluted sera of pregnant women by quantification of choline released from exogenous LPC, and found progressive increases of lysoPLD activities in women with normal and adverse pregnancies. Ratios of lysoPLD activities for linoleoyl LPC to that for palmitoyl LPC were found to be decreased in pregnant women compared to that in non-pregnant women. These results may be due to the altered patterns of endogenous modulators for autotaxin and the profiles of the bound metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yasuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan
| | - Mariko Neya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
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Tsutsumi T, Ino M, Shimizu Y, Kawabata K, Nishi H, Tokumura A. Altered plasma levels of lysophospholipids in response to adrenalectomy of rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106579. [PMID: 34245896 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of reduced stress hormone by adrenalectomy on rat plasma levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and other lysophospholipids. We measured activities of lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) in plasma and lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) in blood by determining choline and inorganic phosphate, respectively. LPA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) and lysophosphatodylglycerol were quantified by LC-MS/MS. In adrenalectomized rats, plasma levels of LPA, LPE, LPS and LPI, but not LPC, were increased. The increased level of LPA were due to decreased LPC level, increases plasma activity of lysoPLD toward LPC and decreased LPP activity toward LPA. Daily injections of deoxycoricosterone into rats selectively reversed increased level of LPS. Our results suggest enzymatic mechanism for increased plasma level of LPA, and indicate that the circulating levels of lysophospholipids including LPA in rats are differently affected by artificial suppression of release of adrenergic hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Masaki Ino
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 13-6-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 13-6-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 13-6-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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Hirata T, Smith SV, Takahashi T, Miyata N, Roman RJ. Increased Levels of Renal Lysophosphatidic Acid in Rodent Models with Renal Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:240-249. [PMID: 33277348 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. However, few studies have attempted to measure changes in the levels of various LPA species in the kidney after the development of renal disease. The present study measured the renal LPA levels during the development of kidney disease in rat models of hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive nephropathy using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. LPA levels (sum of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4 LPA) were higher in the renal cortex of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats fed a high-salt diet than those in normotensive rats fed a low-salt diet (296.6 ± 22.9 vs. 196.3 ± 8.5 nmol/g protein). LPA levels were elevated in the outer medulla of the kidney of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic Dahl S rats compared with control rats (624.6 ± 129.5 vs. 318.8 ± 17.1 nmol/g protein). LPA levels were also higher in the renal cortex of 18-month-old, type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) rats with more severe renal injury than in 6-month-old T2DN rats (184.9 ± 20.9 vs. 116.9 ± 6.0 nmol/g protein). LPA levels also paralleled the progression of renal fibrosis in the renal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Administration of an LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425, reduced the degree of renal fibrosis in UUO rats. These results suggest that the production of renal LPA increases during the development of renal injury and contributes to renal fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present study reveals that the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels increase in the kidney in rat models of hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive nephropathy, and administration of an LPA receptor antagonist attenuates renal fibrosis. Therapeutic approaches that target the formation or actions of renal LPA might be renoprotective and have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Stanley V Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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Tsutsumi T, Matsuda R, Morito K, Kawabata K, Yokota M, Nikawadori M, Inoue-Fujiwara M, Kawashima S, Hidaka M, Yamamoto T, Yamazaki N, Tanaka T, Shinohara Y, Nishi H, Tokumura A. Identification of human glycerophosphodiesterase 3 as an ecto phospholipase C that converts the G protein-coupled receptor 55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol to bioactive monoacylglycerols in cultured mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158761. [PMID: 32629025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A family of glycerol-based lysolipid mediators comprises lysophosphatidic acid as a representative phospholipidic member but also a monoacylglycerol as a non-phosphorus-containing member. These critical lysolipid mediators are known to be produced from different lysophospholipids by actions of lysophospholipases C and D in mammals. Some members of the glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE) family have attracted recent attention due to their phospholipid-metabolizing activity. In this study, we found selective depletion of lysophosphatidylinositol among lysophospholipids in the culture medium of COS-7 cells transfected with a vector containing glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDPD2, GDE3). Thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of lipids extracted from GDE3-transfected COS-7 cells exposed to fluorescent analogs of phosphatidylinositol (PI) revealed that GDE3 acted as an ecto-type lysophospholipase C preferring endogenous lysophosphatidylinositol and PI having a long-chain acyl and a short-chain acyl group rather than endogenous PI and its fluorescent analog having two long chain acyl groups. In MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with an osteogenic or mitogenic medium, mRNA expression of GDE3 was increased by culturing in 10% fetal bovine serum for several days, concomitant with increased activity of ecto-lysophospholipase C, converting arachidonoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol, a physiological agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 55, to arachidonoylglycerol, a physiological agonist of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. We suggest that GDE3 acts as an ecto-lysophospholipase C, by switching signaling from lysophosphatidylinositol to that from arachidonoylglycerol in an opposite direction in mouse bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshinomachi, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawabata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Miho Yokota
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Miki Nikawadori
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue-Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho 3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hidaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho 3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramotocho 3, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
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The involvement of autotaxin in renal interstitial fibrosis through regulation of fibroblast functions and induction of vascular leakage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7414. [PMID: 31092842 PMCID: PMC6520387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibroblasts is a critical step in the development of fibrosis, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes fibrosis by regulating multiple fibroblast functions. Autotaxin (ATX) is a key LPA-producing enzyme, and we hypothesized that ATX contributes to the development of renal interstitial fibrosis through LPA-mediated effects on fibroblast functions. In a mouse model of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the levels of renal ATX protein and activity increased with the progression of fibrosis in ligated kidneys, despite concurrent reductions in renal ATX mRNA. UUO enhanced vascular permeability in the renal interstitium, and ATX protein localized to areas of vascular leak, suggesting that vascular leak allowed ATX to enter the renal interstitium. In vitro studies showed that ATX induces the migration and proliferation of renal fibroblasts and enhances the vascular permeability of endothelial monolayers. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of ATX partially attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis. These results suggest that during the development of renal fibrosis, ATX accumulates in the renal interstitium and drives fibroblast accumulation and promotes renal interstitial vascular leak, thereby partially contributing to the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis. Taken together, ATX inhibition may have the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that can exert diverse biological effects in various diseased states of the kidney by activating at least six cognate G protein-coupled receptors and its complex network of heterotrimeric G proteins. In many models of acute and chronic kidney injury, pathological elevations in LPA promotes abnormal changes in renal tubular epithelial cell architecture by activating apoptotic signaling, recruits immune cells to the site of injury, and stimulates profibrotic signaling by increasing gene transcription. In renal cancers, LPA can promote vascular cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion. In this review, a summary will be provided to describe the involvement of LPA, its synthetic enzymes, and its associated receptors in normal and diseased kidneys. Further elucidation of the LPA system may open new doors in developing a lipid-receptor therapeutic platform for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Saulnier-Blache JS, Feigerlova E, Halimi JM, Gourdy P, Roussel R, Guerci B, Dupuy A, Bertrand-Michel J, Bascands JL, Hadjadj S, Schanstra JP. Urinary lysophopholipids are increased in diabetic patients with nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1103-1108. [PMID: 28506691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease that frequently leads to end stage renal failure. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are lysophospholipid mediators shown to accumulate in kidney and to promote renal inflammation and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in diabetic rodent models. Here we assessed whether LPA and LPC were associated to the development of nephropathy in diabetic human patients. Several molecular species of LPA and LPC were quantified by LC/MS-MS in urine and plasma from type 2 diabetic patients with (cases; n=41) or without (controls, n=41) nephropathy symptoms (micro/macro-albuminuria and eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m2). Cases and controls were matched for sex, age and diabetes duration. Six species were detected in urine for both LPA and LPC, LPA16:0, LPA20:4, LPC16:0, LPC18:0, LPC18:1, and LPC18:2 that were significantly more concentrated in cases than in controls. Total LPC and LPA (sum of detected species) were significantly and exclusively associated with albuminuria (P<0.0001 and P=0.0009 respectively) and were significantly higher in the 3rd when compared to the 1st albuminuria tertile in cases. Plasma lysophospholipids showed a different species profile urine and their concentrations were not different between cases and controls. In conclusion, urine concentration of lysophospholipids increases in diabetic patients with DN as the likely result of their co-excretion with albumin combined with possible local production by kidney. Because LPA and LPC are known to promote renal inflammation and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, their increased production in DN could participate to the development of kidney damage associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Eva Feigerlova
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Endocrinologie, Pole DUNE, 86021, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, 86021, Poitiers, France; Inserm, CIC 1402 & U1082, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean Michel Halimi
- CHU de Tours, Service Néphrologie-immunologie clinique, 37000, Tours, France; Université François-Rabelais, EA4245, Inserm, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CHU de Toulouse, Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France; Inserm, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France, AP-HP; Hôpital Bichat, Diabétologie, Endocrinologie Nutrition, DHU FIRE, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Guerci
- Université de Lorraine & CHRU de Nancy, Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, 54511, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy
| | - Aude Dupuy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-Lipidomic core facility, MetaboHub, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 2 Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-Lipidomic core facility, MetaboHub, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 2 Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1188 - Université de La Réunion, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Endocrinologie, Pole DUNE, 86021, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, 86021, Poitiers, France; Inserm, CIC 1402 & U1082, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Mirzoyan K, Denis C, Casemayou A, Gilet M, Marsal D, Goudounéche D, Faguer S, Bascands JL, Schanstra JP, Saulnier-Blache JS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Protects Against Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Inflammation 2017; 40:1707-1716. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Sakai N, Chun J, Duffield JS, Lagares D, Wada T, Luster AD, Tager AM. Lysophosphatidic acid signaling through its receptor initiates profibrotic epithelial cell fibroblast communication mediated by epithelial cell derived connective tissue growth factor. Kidney Int 2016; 91:628-641. [PMID: 27927603 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the fibroblast pool is a critical step in organ fibrosis, but the mechanisms driving expansion remain to be fully clarified. We previously showed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through its receptor LPA1 expressed on fibroblasts directly induces the recruitment of these cells. Here we tested whether LPA-LPA1 signaling drives fibroblast proliferation and activation during the development of renal fibrosis. LPA1-deficient (LPA1-/-) or -sufficient (LPA1+/+) mice were crossed to mice with green fluorescent protein expression (GFP) driven by the type I procollagen promoter (Col-GFP) to identify fibroblasts. Unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced increases in renal collagen were significantly, though not completely, attenuated in LPA1-/-Col-GFP mice, as were the accumulations of both fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Connective tissue growth factor was detected mainly in tubular epithelial cells, and its levels were suppressed in LPA1-/-Col-GFP mice. LPA-LPA1 signaling directly induced connective tissue growth factor expression in primary proximal tubular epithelial cells, through a myocardin-related transcription factor-serum response factor pathway. Proximal tubular epithelial cell-derived connective tissue growth factor mediated renal fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Administration of an inhibitor of myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor suppressed obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. Thus, targeting LPA-LPA1 signaling and/or myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor-induced transcription could be promising therapeutic strategies for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sakai
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan; Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Helen L. Dorris Institute for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takashi Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Nephrology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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16
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Increased urinary lysophosphatidic acid in mouse with subtotal nephrectomy: potential involvement in chronic kidney disease. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:803-812. [PMID: 27637780 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with consecutive progression to end-stage renal disease represents a significant burden to healthcare systems. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a classical hallmark of CKD and is well correlated with the loss of renal function. The bioactive lysophospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acting through specific G-protein-coupled receptors, was previously shown to be involved in TIF development in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Here, we study the role of LPA in a mouse subjected to subtotal nephrectomy (SNx), a more chronic and progressive model of CKD. Five months after surgical nephron reduction, SNx mice showed massive albuminuria, extensive TIF, and glomerular hypertrophy when compared to sham-operated animals. Urinary and plasma levels of LPA were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. LPA was significantly increased in SNx urine, not in plasma, and was significantly correlated with albuminuria and TIF. Moreover, SNx mice showed significant downregulation in the renal expression of lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases (LPP1, 2, and 3) that might be involved in reduced LPA bioavailability through dephosphorylation. We concluded that SNx increases urinary LPA through a mechanism that could involve co-excretion of plasma LPA with albumin associated with a reduction of its catabolism in the kidney. Because of the previously demonstrated profibrotic activity of LPA, the association of urinary LPA with TIF suggests the potential involvement of LPA in the development of advanced CKD in the SNx mouse model. Targeting LPA metabolism might represent an interesting approach in CKD treatment.
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Tsutsumi T, Okamoto Y, Yamakawa S, Bingjun C, Ishihara A, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Reduced rat plasma lysophosphatidylglycerol or lysophosphatidic acid level as a biomarker of aristolochic acid-induced renal and adipose dysfunctions. Life Sci 2016; 157:208-216. [PMID: 27267499 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Food products and diet pills containing aristolochic acid (AA) are responsible for a rapid progression of nephropathy associated with reduced body weight in human beings. In this study, we investigated the relationship of dietary NaCl and lysophospholipid (LPL) plasma levels to body weight gain in AA-treated rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats receiving a salt-deficient chow, normal salt chow or high salt chow were injected intraperitoneally daily with AA for 15days. Body weight, visceral fat mass, food intake, levels of LPL in plasma and its synthesized enzyme were investigated. KEY FINDINGS Body weight gain, visceral fat mass and daily food intake were smaller in AA-treated rats than those of control rats, regardless of dietary salt concentration. AA treatment decreased plasma levels of major lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) molecular species in rats fed the normal or high-salt chow but not the salt-deficient chow, whereas both the plasma lysophospholipase D activity and kidney mRNA level of autotaxin of AA-treated rats fed chow with defined salt concentrations were lower than those of control rats. Plasma levels of major molecular species of lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) in AA-treated rat groups fed chow with defined salt concentrations were lower than those of control rats. SIGNIFICANCE Plasma levels of LPG and LPA seem to be relevant to the reduced body weight gain and fat mass due to AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Cheng Bingjun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
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Tsutsumi T, Yamakawa S, Ishihara A, Yamamoto A, Tanaka T, Tokumura A. Reduced kidney levels of lysophosphatidic acids in rats after chronic administration of aristolochic acid: Its possible protective role in renal fibrosis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:121-129. [PMID: 28962344 PMCID: PMC5598376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is considered to be a causative agent for progressive interstitial renal fibrosis, leading to AA nephropathy. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a mediator in the onset of renal fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed the molecular species of LPA and its precursor lysophospholipids in kidney tissue from rats exposed to AA. Daily intraperitoneal injections of AA for 35 days to rats gave rise to fibrosis in kidney, decreased the kidney levels of LPA, lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylinositol. In rat renal cell lines (NRK52E and NRK49F), AA-induced cytotoxicity was potentiated by Ki16425, LPA1,3 receptor antagonist. The level of mRNA encording α-smooth muscle actin was significantly increased by AA-treatment only in NRK52E cells, while the mRNA level of collagen III was decreased in both NRK52E and NRK49F cells. These results suggest that endogenous LPA in rat kidney prevents AA-induced renal fibrosis.
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Key Words
- 18S, ribosomal protein S18
- AA, aristolochic acid
- AZ, azan Mallory
- Aristolochic acid
- Chronic kidney disease
- Fibrosis
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HE, hematoxylin/eosin
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol
- LPL, lysophospholipid
- LPS, lysophosphatidylserine
- Lysophosphatidic acid
- Lysophospholipid
- Nephrotoxicity
- PLA1, phospholipase A1
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- lysoPLD, lysophospholipase D
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Aimi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Japan
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Tsutsumi T, Ishihara A, Yamamoto A, Asaji H, Yamakawa S, Tokumura A. The potential protective role of lysophospholipid mediators in nephrotoxicity induced by chronically exposed cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:52-62. [PMID: 24361405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a hazardous metal whose chronic exposure induces renal failure due to fibrosis, but the mechanisms are not well known. In this study we analyzed the molecular species of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and related phospholipids, together with their metabolic enzyme activity, in plasma from Wistar rats exposed up to 300ppm Cd(2+) in drinking water for 114days. Exposure of 300ppm Cd(2+) for 114days enhanced autotoxin (ATX)/lysophospholipase D activity, but significantly lowered the total levels of LPA and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Interestingly, the total level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was elevated dose-dependently by Cd(2+). Cultured rat kidney-derived interstitial fibroblast cells, NRK49F cells and proximal epithelial cells, NRK52E cells, were both responsive to the protective action of LPA or S1P against Cd(2+) toxicity. The former cell expresses ATX RNA. In conclusion, the elevation of LPA-producing enzyme activity and S1P concentrations in plasma after exposure of rats to Cd(2+) would protect from the renal toxicity of Cd(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Akira Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aimi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Syougo Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.
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Development of lysophosphatidic acid pathway modulators as therapies for fibrosis. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:1935-52. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a class of bioactive phospholipid that displays a wide range of cellular effects via LPA receptors, of which six have been identified (LPAR1–6). In serum and plasma, LPA production occurs mainly by the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine by the phospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX). The involvement of the LPA pathway in driving chronic wound-healing conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, has suggested targets in this pathway could provide potential therapeutic approaches. Mice with LPAR1 knockout or tissue-specific ATX deletion have demonstrated reduced lung fibrosis following bleomycin challenge. Therefore, strategies aimed at antagonizing LPA receptors or inhibiting ATX have gained considerable attention. This Review will summarize the current status of identifying small-molecule modulators of the LPA pathway. The therapeutic utility of LPA modulators for the treatment of fibrotic diseases will soon be revealed as clinical trials are already in progress in this area.
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Kremer AE, van Dijk R, Leckie P, Schaap FG, Kuiper EMM, Mettang T, Reiners KS, Raap U, van Buuren HR, van Erpecum KJ, Davies NA, Rust C, Engert A, Jalan R, Oude Elferink RPJ, Beuers U. Serum autotaxin is increased in pruritus of cholestasis, but not of other origin, and responds to therapeutic interventions. Hepatology 2012; 56:1391-400. [PMID: 22473838 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pruritus is a seriously disabling symptom accompanying many cholestatic liver disorders. Recent experimental evidence implicated the lysophospholipase, autotaxin (ATX), and its product, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), as potential mediators of cholestatic pruritus. In this study, we highlight that increased serum ATX levels are specific for pruritus of cholestasis, but not pruritus of uremia, Hodgkin's disease, or atopic dermatitis. Treatment of patients with cholestasis with the bile salt sequestrant, colesevelam, but not placebo, effectively reduced total serum bile salts and fibroblast growth factor 19 levels, but only marginally altered pruritus intensity and ATX activity. Rifampicin (RMP) significantly reduced itch intensity and ATX activity in patients with pruritus not responding to bile salt sequestrants. In vitro, RMP inhibited ATX expression in human HepG2 hepatoma cells and hepatoma cells overexpressing the pregnane X receptor (PXR), but not in hepatoma cells in which PXR was knocked down. Treatment of severe, refractory pruritus by the molecular adsorbents recirculation system or nasobiliary drainage improved itch intensity, which, again, correlated with the reduction of ATX levels. Upon reoccurrence of pruritus, ATX activity returned to pretreatment values. CONCLUSION Serum ATX activity is specifically increased in patients with cholestatic, but not other forms of, systemic pruritus and closely correlates with the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The beneficial antipruritic action of RMP may be explained, at least partly, by the PXR-dependent transcriptional inhibition of ATX expression. Thus, ATX likely represents a novel therapeutic target for pruritus of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Kremer
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wei Y, Liu SW, Zhao LQ, Zhou GQ, Chen SW, Li H. Lysophosphatidic acid as a potential trigger of atrial fibrillation. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:649-52. [PMID: 22922058 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Current evidences have highlighted the progression of atrial fibrosis and electrophysiological remodeling in AF development. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the simplest phospholipid, is associated with fibrotic disease and promotes proliferation of a wide variety of fibroblast. It was demonstrated that LPA stimulation in many cell types such as human endothelial cells, human renal fibroblasts, and myoblasts, significantly upregulates connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which acts as a downstream signaling effector for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to drive fibrosis. We hypothesized that LPA could also evoke growth factor-like responses to atrial fibroblast, and subsequently induce atrial fibrosis to trigger AF. LPA is also verified to involve in numerous electrophysiological activities in non-myocardiocytes. So LPA is a possible cause of AF by initiating fibrosis response and altering electrophysiological properties in atrium. If the hypothesis is confirmed, LPA will act as a new target for AF treatment and administration of LPA receptor blockers may be applied in the prophylaxis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Frisca F, Sabbadini RA, Goldshmit Y, Pébay A. Biological Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid in the Nervous System. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY VOLUME 296 2012; 296:273-322. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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