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Rahangdale S, Deshmukh P, Sammeta S, Aglawe M, Kale M, Umekar M, Kotagale N, Taksande B. Agmatine modulation of gut-brain axis alleviates dysbiosis-induced depression-like behavior in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176884. [PMID: 39134294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a global health concern affecting nearly 280 million individuals. It not only imposes a significant burden on economies and healthcare systems but also manifests complex physiological connections and consequences. Agmatine, a putative neuromodulator derived primarily from beneficial gut microbes specially Lactobacillus, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for mental health. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in the development of depression through the peripheral nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system and may be a key factor in the effect of agmatine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of agmatine in antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and depression-like behavior in rats, focusing on its modulation of the gut-brain axis. Depression-like behavior associated with dysbiosis was induced through a seven-day regimen of the broad-spectrum antibiotic, comprising ampicillin and metronidazole and validated through microbial, biochemical, and behavioral alterations. On day 8, antibiotic-treated rats exhibited loose fecal consistency, altered fecal microbiota, and depression-like behavior in forced swim test. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated, while agmatine and monoamine levels decreased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Antibiotic administration disrupted tight junction proteins in the ileum, affecting gut architecture. Oral administration of agmatine alone or combined with probiotics significantly reversed antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, restoring gut microbiota and mitigating depression-like behaviors. This intervention also restored neuro-inflammatory markers, increased agmatine and monoamine levels, and preserved gut integrity. The study highlights the regulatory role of endogenous agmatine in the gut-brain axis in broad-spectrum antibiotic induced dysbiosis and associated depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Rahangdale
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India
| | - Pankaj Deshmukh
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India
| | - Shivkumar Sammeta
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India
| | - Manish Aglawe
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India
| | - Mayur Kale
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India
| | - Milind Umekar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India
| | - Nandkishor Kotagale
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, VMV Road, Amravati, M.S., 44604, India
| | - Brijesh Taksande
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S., 441 002, India.
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Zamanian MY, Nazifi M, Khachatryan LG, Taheri N, Ivraghi MS, Menon SV, Husseen B, Prasad KDV, Petkov I, Nikbakht N. The Neuroprotective Effects of Agmatine on Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Molecular Mechanisms. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02139-7. [PMID: 39225914 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Agmatine (AGM), a naturally occurring polyamine derived from L-arginine, has shown significant potential for neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease (PD) due to its multifaceted biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. This review explores the therapeutic potential of AGM in treating PD, focusing on its neuroprotective mechanisms and evidence from preclinical studies. AGM has been demonstrated to mitigate the neurotoxic effects of rotenone (ROT) by improving motor function, reducing oxidative stress markers, and decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal models. Additionally, AGM protects against the loss of TH + neurons, crucial for dopamine synthesis. The neuroprotective properties of AGM are attributed to its ability to modulate several key pathways implicated in PD pathogenesis, such as inhibition of NMDA receptors, activation of Nrf2, and suppression of the HMGB1/ RAGE/ TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-κB signaling cascade. Furthermore, the potential of agmatine to promote neurorestoration is highlighted by its role in enhancing neuroplasticity elements such as CREB, BDNF, and ERK1/2. This review highlights agmatine's promising therapeutic potential in PD management, suggesting that it could offer both symptomatic relief and neuroprotective benefits, thereby modifying the disease course and improving the quality of life for patients. Further research is warranted to translate these preclinical findings into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Nazifi
- Department of Neurology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Lusine G Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), N.F, Moscow, Russia
| | - Niloofar Taheri
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Beneen Husseen
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - K D V Prasad
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad, India
- Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Iliya Petkov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikta Nikbakht
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Chen K, Wei X, Zhang W, Wang R, Wang Y, Yang L. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 derived from the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with postherpetic neuralgia induces allodynia via the crosstalk between microglia and astrocyte. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:836-850. [PMID: 38735405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) possesses the capability to trigger glial activation and inflammation, yet the specific changes in its composition remain unclear. Recent findings from our research indicate elevations of central bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) during neuropathic pain (NP), serving as an independent modulator of glial cells. Herein, the aim of the present study is to test the CSF-BMP4 expressions and its role in the glial modulation in the process of PHN. METHODS CSF samples were collected from both PHN patients and non-painful individuals (Control) to assess BMP4 and its antagonist Noggin levels. Besides, intrathecal administration of both CSF types was conducted in normal rats to evaluate the impact on pain behavior, glial activity, and inflammation.; Additionally, both Noggin and STAT3 antagonist-Stattic were employed to treat the PHN-CSF or exogenous BMP4 challenged cultured astrocytes to explore downstream signals. Finally, microglial depletion was performed prior to the PHN-CSF intervention so as to elucidate the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. RESULTS BMP4 levels were significantly higher in PHN-CSF compared to Control-CSF (P < 0.001), with a positive correlation with pain duration (P < 0.05, r = 0.502). Comparing with the Control-CSF producing moderate paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) decline and microglial activation, PHN-CSF further exacerbated allodynia and triggered both microglial and astrocytic activation (P < 0.05). Moreover, PHN-CSF rather than Control-CSF evoked microglial proliferation and pro-inflammatory transformation, reinforced iron storage, and activated astrocytes possibly through both SMAD159 and STAT3 signaling, which were all mitigated by the Noggin application (P < 0.05). Next, both Noggin and Stattic effectively attenuated BMP4-induced GFAP and IL-6 upregulation, as well as SMAD159 and STAT3 phosphorylation in the cultured astrocytes (P < 0.05). Finally, microglial depletion diminished PHN-CSF induced astrogliosis, inflammation and endogenous BMP4 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the role of CSF-BMP4 elevation in glial activation and allodynia during PHN, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of the Laboratory, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Rafi H, Rafiq H, Farhan M. Pharmacological profile of agmatine: An in-depth overview. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102429. [PMID: 38608401 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Agmatine, a naturally occurring polyamine derived from arginine via arginine decarboxylase, has been shown to play multifaceted roles in the mammalian body, impacting a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. This comprehensive review delineates the significant insights into agmatine's pharmacological profile, emphasizing its structure and metabolism, neurotransmission and regulation, and pharmacokinetics and function. Agmatine's biosynthesis is highly conserved across species, highlighting its fundamental role in cellular functions. In the brain, comparable to established neurotransmitters, agmatine acts as a neuromodulator, influencing the regulation, metabolism, and reabsorption of neurotransmitters that are key to mood disorders, learning, cognition, and the management of anxiety and depression. Beyond its neuromodulatory functions, agmatine exhibits protective effects across various cellular and systemic contexts, including neuroprotection, nephroprotection, cardioprotection, and cytoprotection, suggesting a broad therapeutic potential. The review explores agmatine's interaction with multiple receptor systems, including NMDA, α2-adrenoceptors, and imidazoline receptors, elucidating its role in enhancing cell viability, neuronal protection, and synaptic plasticity. Such interactions underpin agmatine's potential in treating neurological diseases and mood disorders, among other conditions. Furthermore, agmatine's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, are discussed, underlining the complexity of its action and the potential for therapeutic application. The safety and efficacy of agmatine supplementation, demonstrated through various animal and human studies, affirm its potential as a beneficial therapeutic agent. Conclusively, the diverse physiological and therapeutic effects of agmatine, spanning neurotransmission, protection against cellular damage, and modulation of various receptor pathways, position it as a promising candidate for further research and clinical application. This review underscores the imperative for continued exploration into agmatine's mechanisms of action and its potential in pharmacology and medicine, promising advances in the treatment of numerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Rafi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hamna Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Katariya RA, Sammeta SS, Kale MB, Kotagale NR, Umekar MJ, Taksande BG. Agmatine as a novel intervention for Alzheimer's disease: Pathological insights and cognitive benefits. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102269. [PMID: 38479477 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and a significant societal burden. Despite extensive research and efforts of the multidisciplinary scientific community, to date, there is no cure for this debilitating disease. Moreover, the existing pharmacotherapy for AD only provides symptomatic support and does not modify the course of the illness or halt the disease progression. This is a significant limitation as the underlying pathology of the disease continues to progress leading to the deterioration of cognitive functions over time. In this milieu, there is a growing need for the development of new and more efficacious treatments for AD. Agmatine, a naturally occurring molecule derived from L-arginine, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for AD. Besides this, agmatine has been shown to modulate amyloid beta (Aβ) production, aggregation, and clearance, key processes implicated in AD pathogenesis. It also exerts neuroprotective effects, modulates neurotransmitter systems, enhances synaptic plasticity, and stimulates neurogenesis. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies have provided evidence supporting the cognition-enhancing effects of agmatine in AD. Therefore, this review article explores the promising role of agmatine in AD pathology and cognitive function. However, several limitations and challenges exist, including the need for large-scale clinical trials, optimal dosing, and treatment duration. Future research should focus on mechanistic investigations, biomarker studies, and personalized medicine approaches to fully understand and optimize the therapeutic potential of agmatine. Augmenting the use of agmatine may offer a novel approach to address the unmet medical need in AD and provide cognitive enhancement and disease modification for individuals affected by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj A Katariya
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Shivkumar S Sammeta
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Nandkishor R Kotagale
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, VMV Road, Amravati, Maharashtra 444604, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
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6
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Saha P, Panda S, Holkar A, Vashishth R, Rana SS, Arumugam M, Ashraf GM, Haque S, Ahmad F. Neuroprotection by agmatine: Possible involvement of the gut microbiome? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102056. [PMID: 37673131 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine derived from L-arginine, elicits tremendous multimodal neuromodulant properties. Alterations in agmatinergic signalling are closely linked to the pathogeneses of several brain disorders. Importantly, exogenous agmatine has been shown to act as a potent neuroprotectant in varied pathologies, including brain ageing and associated comorbidities. The antioxidant, anxiolytic, analgesic, antidepressant and memory-enhancing activities of agmatine may derive from its ability to regulate several cellular pathways; including cell metabolism, survival and differentiation, nitric oxide signalling, protein translation, oxidative homeostasis and neurotransmitter signalling. This review briefly discusses mammalian metabolism of agmatine and then proceeds to summarize our current understanding of neuromodulation and neuroprotection mediated by agmatine. Further, the emerging exciting bidirectional links between agmatine and the resident gut microbiome and their implications for brain pathophysiology and ageing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Subhrajita Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Aayusha Holkar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sandeep Singh Rana
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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Park YM, Kim JH, Lee JE. Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing Arginine Decarboxylase Improve Functional Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415784. [PMID: 36555425 PMCID: PMC9779865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) cannot fully facilitate neural regeneration or improve function. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) synthesizes agmatine, an endogenous primary amine with neuroprotective effects. Transfection of human ADC (hADC) gene exerts protective effects after injury in murine brain-derived neural precursor cells (mNPCs). Following from these findings, we investigated the effects of hADC-mNPC transplantation in SCI model mice. Mice with experimentally damaged spinal cords were divided into three groups, separately transplanted with fluorescently labeled (1) control mNPCs, (2) retroviral vector (pLXSN)-infected mNPCs (pLXSN-mNPCs), and (3) hADC-mNPCs. Behavioral comparisons between groups were conducted weekly up to 6 weeks after SCI, and urine volume was measured up to 2 weeks after SCI. A subset of animals was euthanized each week after cell transplantation for molecular and histological analyses. The transplantation groups experienced significantly improved behavioral function, with the best recovery occurring in hADC-mNPC mice. Transplanting hADC-mNPCs improved neurological outcomes, induced oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination, increased neural lineage differentiation, and decreased glial scar formation. Moreover, locomotor and bladder function were both rehabilitated. These beneficial effects are likely related to differential BMP-2/4/7 expression in neuronal cells, providing an empirical basis for gene therapy as a curative SCI treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, CHA Bio-Complex, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio-Complex, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1646
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8
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Wei Q, Hao X, Lau BWM, Wang S, Li Y. Baicalin regulates stem cells as a creative point in the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986436. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractThis review summarizes the regulatory role of Baicalin on the diverse behaviors of distinct stem cell populations and emphasizes the potential applications of Baicalin and stem cell therapy in climacteric syndrome.
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David-Bercholz J, Kuo CT, Deneen B. Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Responses From the Subventricular Zone After Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:797553. [PMID: 35002630 PMCID: PMC8740317 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.797553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, neural stem cells (NSCs or B cells) in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) give rise to amplifying neural progenitor cells (NPCs or C cells), which can produce neuroblasts (or A cells) that migrate to the olfactory bulb and differentiate into new neurons. However, following brain injury, these cells migrate toward the injury site where they differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In this review, we will focus on recent findings that chronicle how astrocytes and oligodendrocytes derived from SVZ-NSCs respond to different types of injury. We will also discuss molecular regulators of SVZ-NSC proliferation and their differentiation into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Overall, the goal of this review is to highlight how SVZ-NSCs respond to injury and to summarize the regulatory mechanisms that oversee their glial response. These molecular and cellular processes will provide critical insights needed to develop strategies to promote brain repair following injury using SVZ-NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer David-Bercholz
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chay T Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Kosonen R, Barua S, Kim JY, Lee JE. Role of agmatine in the application of neural progenitor cell in central nervous system diseases: therapeutic potentials and effects. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:143-151. [PMID: 34162764 PMCID: PMC8225474 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Agmatine, the primary decarboxylation product of L-arginine, generated from arginine decarboxylase. Since the discovery of agmatine in the mammalian brain in the 1990s, an increasing number of agmatine-mediated effects have been discovered, demonstrating the benefits of agmatine on ischemic strokes, traumatic brain injury and numerous psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Agmatine also has cellular protective effects and contributes to cell proliferation and differentiation in the central nervous system (CNS). Neural progenitor cells are an important component in the recovery and repair of many neurological disorders due to their ability to differentiate into functional adult neurons. Recent data has revealed that agmatine can regulate and increase proliferation and the fate of progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus. This review aims to summarise and discuss the role of agmatine in the CNS; specifically, the effects and relationship between agmatine and neural progenitor cells and how these ideas can be applied to potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Kosonen
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zou ML, Chen ZH, Teng YY, Liu SY, Jia Y, Zhang KW, Sun ZL, Wu JJ, Yuan ZD, Feng Y, Li X, Xu RS, Yuan FL. The Smad Dependent TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathway in Bone Remodeling and Therapies. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:593310. [PMID: 34026818 PMCID: PMC8131681 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.593310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuous process that maintains the homeostasis of the skeletal system, and it depends on the homeostasis between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-absorbing osteoclasts. A large number of studies have confirmed that the Smad signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis, suggesting a close relationship between Smad signaling and bone remodeling. It is known that Smads proteins are pivotal intracellular effectors for the members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), acting as transcription factors. Smad mediates the signal transduction in TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway that affects both osteoblast and osteoclast functions, and therefore plays a critical role in the regulation of bone remodeling. Increasing studies have demonstrated that a number of Smad signaling regulators have potential functions in bone remodeling. Therefore, targeting Smad dependent TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against osteoporosis. This article aims to review recent advances in this field, summarizing the influence of Smad on osteoblast and osteoclast function, together with Smad signaling regulators in bone remodeling. This will facilitate the understanding of Smad signaling pathway in bone biology and shed new light on the modulation and potential treatment for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Zou
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying-Ying Teng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zi-Li Sun
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Wen SJ, Zheng XM, Liu LF, Li NN, Mao HA, Huang L, Yuan QL. Effects of primary microglia and astrocytes on neural stem cells in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1677-1685. [PMID: 33510055 PMCID: PMC8328755 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) can protect neurons in animal stroke models; however, their low rates of survival and neuronal differentiation limit their clinical application. Glial niches, an important location of neural stem cells, regulate survival, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. However, the effects of activated glial cells on neural stem cells remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of activated astrocytes and microglia on neural stem cells in vitro stroke models. We also investigated the effects of combined transplantation of neural stem cells and glial cells after stroke in rats. In a Transwell co-culture system, primary cultured astrocytes, microglia or mixed glial cells were exposed to glutamate or H2O2 and then seeded in the upper inserts, while primary neural stem cells were seeded in the lower uncoated wells and cultured for 7 days. Our results showed that microglia were conducive to neurosphere formation and had no effects on apoptosis within neurospheres, while astrocytes and mixed glial cells were conducive to neurosphere differentiation and reduced apoptosis within neurospheres, regardless of their pretreatment. In contrast, microglia and astrocytes induced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in differentiation medium, regardless of their pretreatment, with an exception of astrocytes pretreated with H2O2. Rat models of ischemic stroke were established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Three days later, 5 × 105 neural stem cells with microglia or astrocytes were injected into the right lateral ventricle. Neural stem cell/astrocyte-treated rats displayed better improvement of neurological deficits than neural stem cell only-treated rats at 4 days after cell transplantation. Moreover, neural stem cell/microglia-, and neural stem cell/astrocyte-treated rats showed a significant decrease in ischemic volume compared with neural stem cell-treated rats. These findings indicate that microglia and astrocytes exert different effects on neural stem cells, and that co-transplantation of neural stem cells and astrocytes is more conducive to the recovery of neurological impairment in rats with ischemic stroke. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tongji University School of Medicine, China (approval No. 2010-TJAA08220401) in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Min Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-An Mao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Lan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Arginase Inhibition Supports Survival and Differentiation of Neuronal Precursors in Adult Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031133. [PMID: 32046281 PMCID: PMC7037054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a complex physiological process, which plays a central role in maintaining cognitive functions, and consists of progenitor cell proliferation, newborn cell migration, and cell maturation. Adult neurogenesis is susceptible to alterations under various physiological and pathological conditions. A substantial decay of neurogenesis has been documented in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal AD models; however, several treatment strategies can halt any further decline and even induce neurogenesis. Our previous results indicated a potential effect of arginase inhibition, with norvaline, on various aspects of neurogenesis in triple-transgenic mice. To better evaluate this effect, we chronically administered an arginase inhibitor, norvaline, to triple-transgenic and wild-type mice, and applied an advanced immunohistochemistry approach with several biomarkers and bright-field microscopy. Remarkably, we evidenced a significant reduction in the density of neuronal progenitors, which demonstrate a different phenotype in the hippocampi of triple-transgenic mice as compared to wild-type animals. However, norvaline showed no significant effect upon the progenitor cell number and constitution. We demonstrated that norvaline treatment leads to an escalation of the polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule immunopositivity, which suggests an improvement in the newborn neuron survival rate. Additionally, we identified a significant increase in the hippocampal microtubule-associated protein 2 stain intensity. We also explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of norvaline on adult mice neurogenesis and provide insights into their machinery.
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14
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Kotagale NR, Taksande BG, Inamdar NN. Neuroprotective offerings by agmatine. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:228-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Watts D, Pfaffenseller B, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Paul Géa L, Cardoso TDA, Kapczinski F. Agmatine as a potential therapeutic intervention in bipolar depression: the preclinical landscape. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:327-339. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1581764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Watts
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luiza Paul Géa
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Kim JY, Kim JY, Kim JH, Jung H, Lee WT, Lee JE. Restorative Mechanism of Neural Progenitor Cells Overexpressing Arginine Decarboxylase Genes Following Ischemic Injury. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:85-103. [PMID: 30853827 PMCID: PMC6401554 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following ischemic stroke is a promising potential therapeutic strategy, but lacks efficacy for human central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics. In a previous in vitro study, we reported that the overexpression of human arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes by a retroviral plasmid vector promoted the neuronal differentiation of mouse NPCs. In the present study, we focused on the cellular mechanism underlying cell proliferation and differentiation following ischemic injury, and the therapeutic feasibility of NPCs overexpressing ADC genes (ADC-NPCs) following ischemic stroke. To mimic cerebral ischemia in vitro , we subjected the NPCs to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The overexpressing ADC-NPCs were differentiated by neural lineage, which was related to excessive intracellular calcium-mediated cell cycle arrest and phosphorylation in the ERK1/2, CREB, and STAT1 signaling cascade following ischemic injury. Moreover, the ADC-NPCs were able to resist mitochondrial membrane potential collapse in the increasingly excessive intracellular calcium environment. Subsequently, transplanted ADC-NPCs suppressed infarct volume, and promoted neural differentiation, synapse formation, and motor behavior performance in an in vivo tMCAO rat model. The results suggest that ADC-NPCs are potentially useful for cell replacement therapy following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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17
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Barua S, Kim JY, Lee JE. Role of Agmatine on Neuroglia in Central Nervous System Injury. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.12786/bn.2019.12.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Agmatine modulates calcium handling in cardiomyocytes of hibernating ground squirrels through calcium-sensing receptor signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 51:1-12. [PMID: 30030121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
True hibernators are remarkable group of mammals whose hearts are resistant to such stressors as deep hypothermia, ischemia, arrhythmia. Capability of cardiac cells from hibernating species to effectively rule Ca2+ homeostasis during torpor is poorly studied. Better understanding of these mechanisms could allow to introduce new strategies for improvement the cardiac performance and may be useful for cardiovascular medicine. Here for the first time we have shown that the regulation of Ca2+ handling and thereby cardiomyocyte contractility by endogenous neurotransmitter agmatine occurs through the modulation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In isolated cardiocytes of hibernating ground squirrels generating stationary Ca2+ transients in the absence of actual myocellular excitation, low doses of this polyamine (up to 500 μM) induce the Gβγ-dependent activation of PI3-kinase with subsequent stimulation of Akt-kinase and nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS). NO production abolishes Ca2+ oscillations in virtue of the enhancement of Ca2+ reuptake by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Simultaneously, the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and arachidonic-acid dependent Ca2+ entry occur providing replenishment of Ca2+ store. High concentrations of agmatine (> 2 mM) induce other CaSR-mediated pathways involving phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, the formation of inositoltriphosphate (IP3) and diacylglicerol (DAG) followed by induction of their targets: IP3 receptors and protein kinase C isoforms (PKC), respectively. Furthermore, it is also responsible for the stimulation of PLA2 and elevation of intracellular calcium caused by arachidonic acid-regulated Ca2+-permeable (ARC) channels. Additionally, there is a potent store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOC) in cardiomyocyte. Negative (NPS 2143) and positive (R 568) allosteric modulators of CaSR recapitulate effects of low and high agmatine doses on Ca2+ handling and NO synthesis. These facts and the alteration of agmatine influence in response to an increase of extracellular Ca2+, which is the direct agonist of CaSR, may confirm the participation of CaSR in regulation of Ca2+ handling and excitability of cardiomyocytes by agmatine.
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Zammit V, Baron B, Ayers D. MiRNA Influences in Neuroblast Modulation: An Introspective Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010026. [PMID: 29315268 PMCID: PMC5793179 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common occurring solid paediatric cancer in children under the age of five years. Whether of familial or sporadic origin, chromosome abnormalities contribute to the development of NB and cause dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small non-coding, single stranded RNAs that target messenger RNAs at the post-transcriptional levels by repressing translation within all facets of human physiology. Such gene 'silencing' activities by miRNAs allows the development of regulatory feedback loops affecting multiple functions within the cell, including the possible differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) lineage selection. Neurogenesis includes stages of self-renewal and fate specification of NSCs, migration and maturation of young neurones, and functional integration of new neurones into the neural circuitry, all of which are regulated by miRNAs. The role of miRNAs and their interaction in cellular processes are recognised aspects of cancer genetics, and miRNAs are currently employed as biomarkers for prognosis and tumour characterisation in multiple cancer models. Consequently, thorough understanding of the mechanisms of how these miRNAs interplay at the transcriptomic level will definitely lead to the development of novel, bespoke and efficient therapeutic measures, with this review focusing on the influences of miRNAs on neuroblast modulations leading to neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zammit
- National Blood Transfusion Service, St. Luke's Hospital, PTA1010 G'Mangia, Malta.
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta.
| | - Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta.
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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20
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Liu Y, Lu GY, Chen WQ, Li YF, Wu N, Li J. Agmatine inhibits chronic morphine exposure-induced impairment of hippocampal neural progenitor proliferation in adult rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:50-56. [PMID: 29031903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that agmatine inhibited opioid dependence, yet the neural mechanism remains unclear. Growing evidence showed that opioids decrease neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal subgranular zone by inhibiting neural progenitor proliferation. However, whether agmatine affects chronic opioid exposure-induced impairment to hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of agmatine in hippocampal neural progenitors in morphine dependence rats. We found that chronic administration of morphine for 12 days induced morphine dependence in rats. This treatment not only decreased the proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitors in the granule cell layer, but also decreased the levels of hippocampal cAMP, pCREB and BDNF. However, these alterations can be restored to normal levels by co-treatment of agmatine (10mg/kg, s.c.). In vitro treatment with agmatine (10µM) for two days significantly increased proliferation of the cultured hippocampal neural progenitors. Concurrent treatment of agmatine (10µM) with morphine (10 or 50µM) reversed the supression of morphine-induced neural progenitor proliferation. In conclusion, we found that agmatine abolished chronic morphine-induced decrease in proliferation of hippocampal progenitors in vivo and in vitro, which may be due to the increase in cAMP-CREB-BDNF signaling. The enhancement of agmatine to proliferation of hippocampal progenitors may be one of the important mechanisms involved in the inhibition of morphine dependence by agmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiang Chen
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Jin Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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21
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Neis VB, Rosa PB, Olescowicz G, Rodrigues ALS. Therapeutic potential of agmatine for CNS disorders. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:318-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Han Y, Ren J, Lee E, Xu X, Yu W, Muegge K. Lsh/HELLS regulates self-renewal/proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1136. [PMID: 28442710 PMCID: PMC5430779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to exert control over gene expression and determine cell fate. Genetic mutations in epigenetic regulators are responsible for several neurologic disorders. Mutations of the chromatin remodeling protein Lsh/HELLS can cause the human Immunodeficiency, Centromere instability and Facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, which is associated with neurologic deficiencies. We report here a critical role for Lsh in murine neural development. Lsh depleted neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) display reduced growth, increases in apoptosis and impaired ability of self-renewal. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates differential gene expression in Lsh-/- NSPCs and suggests multiple aberrant pathways. Concentrating on specific genomic targets, we show that ablation of Lsh alters epigenetic states at specific enhancer regions of the key cell cycle regulator Cdkn1a and the stem cell regulator Bmp4 in NSPCs and alters their expression. These results suggest that Lsh exerts epigenetic regulation at key regulators of neural stem cell fate ensuring adequate NSPCs self-renewal and maintenance during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Han
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Jianke Ren
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Eunice Lee
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Weishi Yu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Kathrin Muegge
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
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Song J, Oh Y, Kim JY, Cho KJ, Lee JE. Suppression of MicroRNA let-7a Expression by Agmatine Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1461-7. [PMID: 27593875 PMCID: PMC5011279 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neural stem cells (NSCs) effectively reverse some severe central nervous system (CNS) disorders, due to their ability to differentiate into neurons. Agmatine, a biogenic amine, has cellular protective effects and contributes to cellular proliferation and differentiation in the CNS. Recent studies have elucidated the function of microRNA let-7a (let-7a) as a regulator of cell differentiation with roles in regulating genes associated with CNS neurogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aimed to investigate whether agmatine modulates the expression of crucial regulators of NSC differentiation including DCX, TLX, c-Myc, and ERK by controlling let-7a expression. RESULTS Our data suggest that high levels of let-7a promoted the expression of TLX and c-Myc, as well as repressed DCX and ERK expression. In addition, agmatine attenuated expression of TLX and increased expression of ERK by negatively regulating let-7a. CONCLUSION Our study therefore enhances the present understanding of the therapeutic potential of NSCs in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Joo Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Bokara KK, Kim JH, Kim JY, Lee JE. Transfection of arginine decarboxylase gene increases the neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:256-265. [PMID: 27591482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the clinical use of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is hampered by heterogeneity, poor neuronal yield and low survival rate. Recently, we reported that retrovirus-delivered human arginine decarboxylase (hADC) genes improve cell survival against oxidative insult in murine NPCs in vitro. This study investigates whether the induced expression of hADC gene in mNPCs induces any significant change in the cell fate commitment. The evaluation of induced hADC gene function was assessed by knockdown of hADC gene using specific siRNA. The hADC gene delivery triggered higher expression of N-CAM, cell adhesion molecule and MAP-2, neuronal marker. However, the hADC gene knockdown showed downregulation of N-CAM and MAP-2 expression suggesting that hADC gene delivery favors cell fate commitment of mNPCs towards neuronal lineage. Neurite outgrowth was significantly longer in the hADC infected cells. The neurotrophic signal, BDNF aided in the neuronal commitment, differentiation, and maturation of hADC-mNPCs through PI3K and ERK1/2 activation. The induction of neuron-like differentiation is believed to be regulated by the expression of GSK-3β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that hADC gene delivery favors cell fate commitment of mNPCs towards neuronal lineage, bring new advances in the field of neurogenesis and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Bokara
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Complex, ANNEXE II, Uppal Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Neuroprotective Effects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation in Combination With Treadmill Exercise Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:S49-56. [PMID: 27230460 PMCID: PMC4895912 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632616.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes cognitive impairments, motor deficits, and neuropsychiatric/behavioral deficits problems. Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) facilitates functional recovery from brain insults. Treadmill exercise increases neurogenesis and inhibits apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of BMSC transplantation in combination with treadmill exercise on memory function, by evaluating its effect on neurogenesis and apoptosis in the hippocampus following TBI. Methods: TBI was induced using an electromagnetic-controlled cortical impact device. BMSCs were transplanted into both sides of traumatic scar region 1 week after TBI induction. One week after transplantation of BMSCs, the rats in the exercise groups were trained to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes once daily for 28 days. Step-down avoidance task and radial 8-arm maze test were conducted. Levels of 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine and caspase-3 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), total-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (t-ERK1/2), phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), Bcl-2, and Bax. Results: TBI deteriorated memory function, suppressed neurogenesis, and accelerated apoptosis in the hippocampus. Treadmill exercise and BMSC transplantation independently improved memory function by increasing neurogenesis with suppression of apoptosis through the BDNF-ERK pathway in the TBI-induced rats. Combination of BMSC transplantation with treadmill exercise showed additional enhancement of neurogenesis and suppression of apoptosis in the hippocampus. Conclusions: The present study shows that treadmill exercise may aid the therapeutic effect of BMSC transplantation on TBI in rats.
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Song J, Kumar BK, Kang S, Park KA, Lee WT, Lee JE. The Effect of Agmatine on Expression of IL-1β and TLX Which Promotes Neuronal Differentiation in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Neural Progenitors. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:268-76. [PMID: 24465142 PMCID: PMC3897688 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.4.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is important for protecting neural cells and brain tissue during inflammation. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is the most common pro- inflammatory cytokine in brain inflammation, and increased IL-1β levels can decrease the proliferation of NPCs. We aimed to investigate whether agmatine (Agm), a primary polyamine that protects neural cells, could trigger differentiation of NPCs by activating IL-1β in vitro. The cortex of ICR mouse embryos (E14) was dissociated to culture NPCs. NPCs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 6 days, protein expression of stem cell markers and differentiation signal factors was confirmed by using western blot analysis. Also, immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the cell fate. Agm treatment activated NPC differentiation significantly more than in the control group, which was evident by the increased expression of a neuronal marker, MAP2, in the LPS-induced, Agm-treated group. Differentiation of LPS-induced, Agm-treated NPCs was regulated by the MAPK pathway and is thought to be related to IL-1β activation and decreased expression of TLX, a transcription factor that regulates NPC differentiation. Our results reveal that Agm can promote NPC differentiation to neural stem cells by modulating IL-1β expression under inflammatory condition, and they suggest that Agm may be a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Bokara Kiran Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Somang Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Gilad GM, Gilad VH. Evidence for oral agmatine sulfate safety – A 95-day high dosage pilot study with rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:758-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Huang Q, Jin H, Xie Z, Wang M, Chen J, Zhou Y. The role of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of female stress urinary incontinence. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1242-51. [PMID: 23867452 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513493995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 and phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 in the pathogenesis of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: Anterior vaginal wall tissue was collected from women with SUI and control subjects. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed for p-ERK1/2. Primary vaginal fibroblast cultures were incubated in the presence or absence of PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK kinase) and levels of collagen I and III mRNA and protein were examined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Results: Levels of p-ERK1/2 were significantly lower in vaginal wall tissue from patients with SUI ( n = 10) compared with controls ( n = 10). PD98059 treatment significantly reduced levels of collagen I and III mRNA and protein. Conclusions: Female SUI is associated with reduced levels of p-ERK1/2 compared with controls, and inhibition of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway inhibits collagen type I and III synthesis in vaginal wall fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hangmei Jin
- Department of Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Department of Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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Quadrato G, Di Giovanni S. Waking up the sleepers: shared transcriptional pathways in axonal regeneration and neurogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:993-1007. [PMID: 22899311 PMCID: PMC11113138 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, relevant progress has been made in our understanding of the transcriptional machinery regulating CNS repair after acute injury, such as following trauma or stroke. In order to survive and functionally reconnect to the synaptic network, injured neurons activate an intrinsic rescue program aimed to increase their plasticity. Perhaps, in the attempt to switch back to a plastic and growth-competent state, post-mitotic neurons wake up and re-express a set of transcription factors that are also critical for the regulation of their younger brothers, the neural stem cells. Here, we review and discuss the transcriptional pathways regulating both axonal regeneration and neurogenesis highlighting the connection between the two. Clarification of their common molecular substrate may help simultaneous targeting of both neurogenesis and axonal regeneration with the hope to enhance functional recovery following CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Quadrato
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller Strasse 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Laboratory for NeuroRegeneration and Repair, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller Strasse 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Lin H, Wang L, Jiang M, Huang J, Qi L. P-glycoprotein(ABCB1)inhibited network of mitochondrion transport along microtubule and BMP signal-induced cell shape in chimpanzee left cerebrum by systems-theoretical analysis. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:582-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering; Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications; Beijing; China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering; Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications; Beijing; China
| | - Minghu Jiang
- Lab of Computational Linguistics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing; China
| | - Juxiang Huang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering; Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications; Beijing; China
| | - Lianxiu Qi
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering; Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications; Beijing; China
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