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Liu Q, Xu Y, Lv X, Guo C, Zhu H, Yang L, Wang Y. 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine alleviates diet-induced hyperlipidemia by modulating intestinal gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway. Life Sci 2024; 352:122891. [PMID: 38977060 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the composition of intestinal flora plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism. 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (IMMH007) is a new candidate compound for regulating blood cholesterol and other lipids. In this study, we conducted metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on samples from high-fat diet-fed (HFD) hamsters treated with IMMH007. Our findings revealed that IMM-H007 reversed the imbalance of gut microbiota caused by a high-fat diet. Additionally, it activated adiponectin receptor and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway-related genes, which are known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, IMM-H007 promotes cholesterol metabolism by reducing the abundance of genes and species associated with 7α-dehydroxylation and bile salt hydrolase (BSH). Metabolomics and pharmacological studies have shown that IMM-H007 effectively improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders caused by HFD, reduced the aggregation of secondary bile acids (SBAs), significantly increased the content of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), and also activated the expression of VDR in the small intestine. As a result, there was a reduction in the leakage of diamine oxidase (DAO) into the bloodstream in hamsters, accompanied by an upregulation of ZO-1 expression in the small intestine. The results suggested that IMM-H007 regulated glucose and lipid metabolism, promoted cholesterol metabolism through activating the expression of VDR, inhibiting inflammatory and improving the permeability of the intestinal barrier. Thus, our study provides new understanding of how IMM-H007 interacts with intestinal function, microbiota, and relevant targets, shedding light on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Core Facilities, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Zhao M, Lian A, Zhong L, Guo R. The regulatory mechanism between lysosomes and mitochondria in the aetiology of cardiovascular diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13757. [PMID: 34978753 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated action among various organelles maintains cellular functions. For instance, mitochondria and lysosomes are the main organelles contributing to cellular metabolism and provide energy for cardiomyocyte contraction. They also provide essential signalling platforms in the cell that regulate many key processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. Often, abnormalities in mitochondrial or lysosomal structures and functions bring about cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although the communication between mitochondria and lysosomes throughout the cardiovascular system is intensely studied, the regulatory mechanisms have not been completely understood. Thus, we summarize the most recent studies related to mitochondria and lysosomes' role in CVDs and their potential connections and communications under cardiac pathophysiological conditions. Further, we discuss limitations and future perspectives regarding diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and drug discovery in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Andrew Lian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona California USA
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona California USA
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application College of Life Sciences Hebei University Baoding China
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3
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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4
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Gao F, Qian YJ, Chen FH, Zhu HB. Comparative analysis of stimulation and binding characteristics of adenosine analogs to AMP-activated protein kinase. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:916-927. [PMID: 30187782 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1484454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To compare the stimulation and binding characteristics of adenosine analogs including AMP, IMM-H007, and M1, to AMPK, and to explore the potential mechanism underlying the regulation effect of adenosine analogs on AMPK activity, [γ-32P]ATP assay, circular dichroism experiments and molecular docking test were performed. We found that the interactions with Thr86, Thr88, and His150 in site 1 are probably the reason why the affinities of IMM-H007, M1, and adenosine are comparable but their allosteric activation on AMPK varies greatly, partly interpreting the mechanism of AMPK activity regulated by adenosine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- a State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Yue-Jiao Qian
- b Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- b Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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Peng X, Li J, Wang M, Qu K, Zhu H. A novel AMPK activator improves hepatic lipid metabolism and leukocyte trafficking in experimental hepatic steatosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:153-161. [PMID: 31253430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, IMM-H007 (H007), has been reported to reduce serum lipid levels and inhibit lipid accumulation in the liver in hyperlipidemic animal models. However, how H007 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation remains unknown. In the present study, H007, at 200 mg/kg, reduced hepatic lipid levels and the levels of collagenous fiber in the liver in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed hamsters compared to those in the HFD group. Meanwhile, compared to the controls, H007 significantly inhibited sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) expression by upregulating the AMPK activity, suppressing the saturated fatty acid accumulation and increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Compared to the controls, H007 treatment inhibited the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells; suppressed leukocyte adherence and rolling on the liver microvasculature; and suppressed hepatic macrophage infiltration. H007 also suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in fatty acid- and lipopolysaccharide-treated HepG2 cells compared to that in the controls by activating AMPK. These data suggested that H007 had a beneficial effect by improving the lipid composition in the liver and inhibiting inflammatory cell trafficking in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Center for Drug Screening, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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6
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Jin M, Guo N, Li T, Liu X, Sun S, Jin X, Zhu H, Qin H, Wang Y. Comprehensive characterization of in vitro and in vivo metabolites of 2',3',5'‑tri‑O‑acetyl‑N 6‑(3‑hydroxyphenyl) adenosine and study of the metabolites distribution in rats by combined methods of HPLC-DAD, off-line cryoNMR, and HPLC-QTOFMS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:187-200. [PMID: 30176508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The compound 2',3',5'‑tri‑O‑acetyl‑N6‑(3‑hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (also known as IMM-H007) is a new adenosine analogue that displays anti-hyperlipidaemic activity in many preliminary studies. To clarify its biotransformation process, in vitro and in vivo metabolic patterns of IMM-H007 in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), urine, feces, serum, and various tissues were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), off-line cryogenically cooled probe nuclear magnetic resonance (cryoNMR), and high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole TOF MS (HPLC-QTOFMS) measurements. A total of 21 metabolites were detected and identified based on accurate mass measurements, diagnostic product ions, and 1D and 2D NMR data. All of the 21 metabolites were detected in vivo besides the 7 ones (LM1-3, LM4a-b, LM5, LM6 (M8)) in vitro. Among them, eight metabolites were phase I metabolites composed of the hydrolysis products LM1-3, LM4a, LM4b, LM5 and M7-8, and hydrolysis and hydroxylation products M6. Others were phase II metabolites including glucuronidation products M2, M4, M9, M11a-c, and M12a-c; and sulfation products M3, M5, and M10. Notably, 14 metabolites (LM1-3, LM4a-b, LM5, M9-10, M11a-c, M12a-c) were unreported before and the distribution of IMM-H007 and its all metabolites was reported for the first time. The results revealed IMM-H007 was metabolized mainly in the small intestine and serum, kidney, stomach, small and large intestines were important samples for metabolites presence. This work improves understanding of the metabolism, distribution, and excretion of IMM-H007, and demonstrates the HPLC/HPLC-MS/off-line cryoNMR approach can be applied for detection and identification of metabolites in complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangju Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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7
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Ou H, Liu C, Feng W, Xiao X, Tang S, Mo Z. Role of AMPK in atherosclerosis via autophagy regulation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1212-1221. [PMID: 29656339 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and deposition of fibrous elements in the vascular wall, which is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor of energy metabolism that regulates multiple physiological processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism and the normalization of energy imbalances. Overwhelming evidence indicates that AMPK activation markedly attenuates atherosclerosis development. Autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis and inflammation and promotes cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis. Physiological autophagy is essential for maintaining normal cardiovascular function. Increasing evidence demonstrates that autophagy occurs in developing atherosclerotic plaques. Emerging evidence indicates that AMPK regulates autophagy via a downstream signaling pathway. The complex relationship between AMPK and autophagy has attracted the attention of many researchers because of this close relationship to atherosclerosis development. This review demonstrates the role of AMPK and autophagy in atherosclerosis. An improved understanding of this interrelationship will create novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Ou
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chuhao Liu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.,2016 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.,2015 Grade Medical Imaging Class of Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xinwen Xiao
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.,2015 Grade Medical Imaging Class of Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China. .,Center for Life Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China.
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Li J, Chen B, Zhong L, Gao F, Zhu H, Wang F. AMP-activated protein kinase agonist N 6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)adenosine protects against fulminant hepatitis by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:37. [PMID: 29348606 PMCID: PMC5833387 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist and inhibitor have been reported to protect against fulminant hepatitis, implying that AMPK may play a complicated role in the development of fulminant hepatitis. In this study, we exploited whether the novel AMPK agonist N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)adenosine (named as M1) exerted protective effects on fulminant hepatitis and whether its beneficial effects were AMPK-dependent. Results showed that intraperitoneal injection of M1 improved liver function, ameliorated liver injury and finally raised the survival rate in d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-treated mice. These beneficial effects of M1 may attribute to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, M1 pretreatment mitigated LPS-stimulated TLR4 expression and NFκB activation in murine peritoneal macrophages and prevented actinomycin D (Act D)/tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis by promoting protective autophagy in primary hepatocytes. Additionally, M1-induced AMPK activation was responsible both for its anti-inflammatory action in macrophages and for its anti-apoptotic action in hepatocytes. To our surprise, compared with the control AMPKα1lox/lox/AMPKα2lox/lox mice, liver-specific AMPKα1 knockout (AMPKα1LS−/−) mice were more sensitive to GalN/LPS administration but not AMPKα2LS−/−mice, and the beneficial effects of M1 on acute liver failure and the production of pro-inflammatory factors were dampened in AMPKα1LS−/− mice. Therefore, our study may prove that M1 could be a promising therapeutic agent for fulminant hepatitis, and targeting AMPK may be useful therapeutically in the control of LPS-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- Life Science College of Tarim University, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China.
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9
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Shi H, Wang Q, Yang L, Xie S, Zhu H. IMM-H007, a new therapeutic candidate for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, improves hepatic steatosis in hamsters fed a high-fat diet. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1379-1391. [PMID: 28904866 PMCID: PMC5586352 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in humans, is characterized by the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TGs) in hepatocytes. We tested whether 2′,3′,5′‐tri‐acetyl‐N6‐(3‐hydroxylaniline) adenosine (IMM‐H007) can eliminate hepatic steatosis in hamsters fed a high‐fat diet (HFD), as a model of NAFLD. Compared with HFD‐only controls, IMM‐H007 treatment significantly lowered serum levels of TG, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids (FFAs) in hamsters fed the HFD, with a prominent decrease in levels of serum transaminases and fasting insulin, without affecting fasting glucose levels. Moreover, 1H‐MRI and histopathological analyses revealed that hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis were improved by IMM‐H007 treatment. These changes were accompanied by improvement of insulin resistance and oxidative stress, and attenuation of inflammation. IMM‐H007 reduced expression of proteins involved in uptake of hepatic fatty acids and lipogenesis, and increased very low density lipoprotein secretion and expression of proteins responsible for fatty acid oxidation and autophagy. In studies in vivo, IMM‐H007 inhibited fatty acid import into hepatocytes and liver lipogenesis, and concomitantly stimulated fatty acid oxidation, autophagy, and export of hepatic lipids. These data suggest that IMM‐H007 resolves hepatic steatosis in HFD‐fed hamsters by the regulation of lipid metabolism. Thus, IMM‐H007 has therapeutic potential for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical College Jinan University Shenzhen China
| | - Qingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical College Jinan University Shenzhen China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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10
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Ma A, Wang D, An Y, Fang W, Zhu H. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of mice liver treated with different AMPK activators in a mice model of atherosclerosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16594-16604. [PMID: 28178661 PMCID: PMC5369987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is known to be the primary underlying factor responsible for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase stimulates arterial deposition of excess lipids, resulting in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this study we successfully developed the disease model of mice and mimicked the therapeutic effect, for that we chose three different AMP-activated protein kinase activators (IMM-H007, A-769662 and Metformin) to identify which one has a superior effect in the atherosclerosis model. We combined the transcriptomes of four groups of mice liver including high-fat diet group and the experimental groups treated with different AMP-activated protein kinase activators. We analyzed the increased genes to candidate metabolic and disease pathways. Compared to the high-fat diet group, a total of 799 differentially expressed genes were identified in treatment groups. There were 291, 473, and 323 differentially expressed genes in H007, Metformin, and A-769662 group respectively. And seven statistically significant pathways were observed in both H007 and Metformin groups. We expect that gene expression profiling in the mice model would extend our understanding of atherosclerosis in the molecular level. This study provides a fundamental framework for future clinical research on human atherosclerosis and new clues for developing novel drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
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11
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Ma A, Wang J, Yang L, An Y, Zhu H. AMPK activation enhances the anti-atherogenic effects of high density lipoproteins in apoE -/- mice. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1536-1547. [PMID: 28611100 PMCID: PMC5538277 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m073270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL plays crucial roles at multiple stages of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of AMPK activation on HDL functionality has not been established in vivo. We assessed the effects of pharmacological AMPK activation using A-769662, AICAR, metformin, and IMM-H007 on the atheroprotective functions of HDL in apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice fed with a high-fat diet. After administration, there were no changes in serum lipid levels among the groups. However, mice treated with AMPK activators showed significantly enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in vivo and in vitro. AMPK activation also increased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in macrophages and scavenger receptor class B type I and LCAT in the liver. HDL from AMPK activation mice exhibited lower HDL inflammatory index and myeloperoxidase activity and higher paraoxonase 1 activity than HDL from untreated mice, implying superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Pharmacological AMPK activation also induced polarization of macrophages to the M2 state and reduced plasma lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokine production, and atherosclerotic plaque formation in apoE−/− mice. These observations suggest that pharmacological AMPK activation enhances the anti-atherogenic properties of HDL in vivo. This likely represents a key mechanism by which AMPK activation attenuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jia Y, Wang B, Wu X, Li S, Hu J, Wang D, Zhu H, Li Y. Simultaneous quantification of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline)adenosine and its principal metabolites in hamster blood by LC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetics study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:46-53. [PMID: 27082762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline)adenosine (IMM-H007, once called WS070117) is being developed as a novel anti-hyperlipidemia agent for its high efficacy and low toxicity. In this study, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of IMM-H007 and its two major metabolites (3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(6-((3-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahdrofuran-3,4-diol (M1) and ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(6-((3-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate (MP) in hamster blood. An analogue of IMM-H007, WS070119 was used as the internal standard. Blood samples were prepared by a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was performed on a ReproSil-Pur 120C18 column (3μm, 2mm×100mm) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol/water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) in a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive ion selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The monitored transitions were 486.2→228.1 for IMM-H007, 360.0→228.0 for M1, 440.0→228.0 for MP and 374.1→242.0 for the internal standard, respectively. Satisfactory linearity was obtained for the analytes over the range of 1-500ng/mL for IMM-H007, 2-1000ng/mL for M1 and 10-5000ng/mL for MP. The lower limits of the quantification (LLOQs) were 1ng/mL for IMM-H007, 2ng/mL for M1 and 10ng/mL for MP. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) of the analytes were within 14.2%, and the accuracy (RE, %) ranged from -9.4% to 10.7%. The average recoveries of the analytes were more than 80.0%. The analytes were proved to be stable during given storage, preparation, and analytic procedures. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in hamsters after oral administration of IMM-H007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Baolian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiangmeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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13
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Zhang WX, Wu HN, Li B, Wu HL, Wang DM, Wu S. The Synthesis of the Metabolites of 2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-N₆-(3-hydroxyphenyl) Adenosine (WS070117). Molecules 2015; 21:E8. [PMID: 26729072 PMCID: PMC6273794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven metabolites of 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (WS070117) were synthesized by deacetylation, hydrolysis, cyclization, sulfonylation and glycosylation reactions, respectively. All these compounds, which could be useful as material standards for metabolic research, were characterized by NMR and HPLC-MS (ESI) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hong-Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hong-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
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14
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Chen B, Li J, Zhu H. AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates oxLDL uptake in macrophages through PP2A/NF-κB/LOX-1 pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 85:1-10. [PMID: 26297684 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of macrophages into lipid-laden foam cells is a hallmark in early-stage atherosclerosis. The developmental role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a transformation of foam cells, especially in macrophage cholesterol uptake that remains undetermined. Here we demonstrate that AMPK activation in response to IMM-H007 or AICAR resulted in a decrease in macrophage cholesterol uptake and thus inhibited foam cell formation in macrophages mediated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). This functional change was caused by a downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of LOX-1 but not other scavenger receptors, including scavenger receptor-A (SR-A), CD36 and scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI). The expression of LOX-1 was regulated by AMPK activation induced decreased phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, since siRNA interference or dominant negative AMPK overexpression significantly promotes Ser536 dephosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and thus increases LOX-1 expression. Moreover, pharmacological AMPK activation was shown to promote protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and the specific PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, could prevent the effects of IMM-H007 or AICAR on NF-κB and LOX-1. In vivo, pharmacological AMPK activation reduced the lesion size of atherosclerosis and the expression of LOX-1 in aortas in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Our current findings suggest a novel mechanism of LOX-1 regulation by AMPK to attenuate macrophage oxLDL uptake and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing key laboratory of new drug mechanisms and pharmacological evaluation study, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing key laboratory of new drug mechanisms and pharmacological evaluation study, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Nongda South Rd., Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Beijing key laboratory of new drug mechanisms and pharmacological evaluation study, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanwei Road A2, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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15
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Guo W, Jin M, Miao Z, Qu K, Liu X, Zhang P, Qin H, Zhu H, Wang Y. Structure Elucidation of the Metabolites of 2', 3', 5'-Tri-O-Acetyl-N6-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Adenosine in Rat Urine by HPLC-DAD, ESI-MS and Off-Line Microprobe NMR. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127583. [PMID: 26029929 PMCID: PMC4451981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
2', 3', 5'-Tri-O-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (also known as WS070117) is a new adenosine analog that displays anti-hyperlipidemic activity both in vitro and in vivo experiments as shown in many preliminary studies. Due to its new structure, little is known about the metabolism of WS070117. Hence, the in vivo metabolites of WS070117 in rat urine following oral administration were investigated. Identification of the metabolites was conducted using the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detector (DAD), ion trap electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and off-line microprobe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Seven metabolites were obtained as pure compounds at the sub-milligram to milligram levels. Results of structure elucidation unambiguously revealed that the phase I metabolite, N6-(3-hydroxyphenyl) adenosine (M8), was a hydrolysate of WS070117 by hydrolysis on the three ester groups. N6-(3-hydr-oxyphenyl) adenine (M7), also one of the phase I metabolites, was the derivative of M8 by the loss of ribofuranose. In addition to two phase I metabolites, there were five phase II metabolites of WS070117 found in rat urine. 8-hydroxy-N6-(3-hydroxy-phenyl) adenosine (M6) was the product of M7 by hydrolysis at position 8. The other four were elucidated to be N6-(3-O-β-D-glucuronyphenyl) adenine (M2), N8-hydroxy-N6-(3-O-sulfophenyl) adenine (M3), N6-(3-O-β-D-glucuronyphenyl) adenosine (M4), and N6-(3-O- sulfophenyl) adenosine (M5). Phase II metabolic pathways were proven to consist of hydroxylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. This study provides new and valuable information on the metabolism of WS070117, and also demonstrates the HPLC/MS/off-line microprobe NMR approach as a robust means for rapid identification of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Huang L, Fan B, Ma A, Shaul PW, Zhu H. Inhibition of ABCA1 protein degradation promotes HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and RCT and reduces atherosclerosis in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:986-97. [PMID: 25761370 PMCID: PMC4409288 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 plays a key role in the initial lipidation of apoA-I, which generates circulating HDL cholesterol. Whereas it is known that the transcriptional upregulation of ABCA1 promotes HDL formation and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), it is not known how the inhibition of ABCA1 protein degradation impacts HDL function. Employing the small molecule triacetyl-3-hydroxyphenyladenosine (IMM-H007), we determined how the attenuation of ABCA1 protein degradation affects HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, RCT, and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Pulse-chase analysis revealed that IMM-H007 inhibits ABCA1 degradation and facilitates its cell-surface localization in macrophages, and additional studies in macrophages showed that IMM-H007 thereby promotes cholesterol efflux. IMM-H007 treatment of Paigen diet-fed mice caused an increase in circulating HDL level, it increased the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL, and it enhanced in vivo RCT from macrophages to the plasma, liver, and feces. Furthermore, ABCA1 degradation suppression by IMM-H007 reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in apoE(-/-) mice. Thus, via effects on both ABCA1-expressing cells and circulating HDL function, the inhibition of ABCA1 protein degradation by IMM-H007 promotes HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and RCT and attenuates atherogenesis. IMM-H007 potentially represents a lead compound for the development of agents to augment HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- LinZhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - BaoYan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - HaiBo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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He Z, Peng Y, Duan W, Tian Y, Zhang J, Hu T, Cai Y, Feng Y, Li G. Aspirin regulates hepatocellular lipid metabolism by activating AMPK signaling pathway. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:127-36. [PMID: 25743752 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Wentao Duan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, China
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18
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Jiang T, Zhang B, Lin D, Gao Y, Li Q. Incremental evaluation of top-k combinatorial metric skyline query. Knowl Based Syst 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Wu C, Wu H, Sheng L, Su Y, Zhang X, Luan H, Sun G, Sun X, Tian Y, Ji Y, Guo P, Xu X. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects and potential mechanisms of action of the caffeoylquinic acid-rich Pandanus tectorius fruit extract in hamsters fed a high fat-diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61922. [PMID: 23613974 PMCID: PMC3628350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is considered to be one of the greatest risk factors contributing to the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic effect and potential mechanism of action of the Pandanus tectorius fruit extract in hamsters fed a high fat-diet (HFD). The n-butanol fraction of the P. tectorius fruit ethanol extract (PTF-b) was rich in caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). Administration of PTF-b for 4 weeks effectively decreased retroperitoneal fat and the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and hepatic TC and TG. The lipid signals (fatty acids, and cholesterol) in the liver as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were correspondingly reduced. Realtime quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA levels of PPARα and PPARα-regulated genes such as ACO, CPT1, LPL and HSL were largely enhanced by PTF-b. The transcription of LDLR, CYP7A1, and PPARγ was also upregulated. Treatment with PTF-b significantly stimulated the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as the activity of serum and hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Together, these results suggest that administration of the PTF-b enriched in CQAs moderates hyperlipidemia and improves the liver lipid profile. These effects may be caused, at least in part, by increasing the expression of PPARα and its downstream genes and by upregulation of LPL and AMPK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopo Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yan Su
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Luan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Ji
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PG); (XX)
| | - Xudong Xu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PG); (XX)
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