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Jia X, Liu B, Xue J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qin S, Zhang Y. Phenylethanoid glycosides extract from Cistanche deserticola ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and regulates intestinal PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:677-685. [PMID: 36840643 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of phenylethanoid glycosides extract from Cistanche deserticola against atherosclerosis and its molecular mechanism. METHODS Total phenylethanoid glycosides were extracted and purified from C. deserticola, and the C. deserticola extract (CDE) was used to treat a mice model of atherosclerosis. KEY FINDINGS CDE containing 81.00% total phenylethanoid glycosides, with the contents of echinacoside and acteoside being 31.36% and 7.23%, respectively. A 13-week of CDE supplementation (1000 mg/kg body weight/day) significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and entire aorta in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. In addition, varying doses of CDE (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day) lowered plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Transcriptomic analysis of the small intestine revealed the changes enriched in cholesterol metabolic pathway and the activation of Abca1 gene. Further validation using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot confirmed that CDE significantly increased the mRNA levels and protein expressions of ABCA1, LXRα and PPARγ. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of C. deserticola on atherosclerotic plaques and lipid homeostasis, and it is, at least partially, by activating PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway in small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubin Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shucun Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang XS, Zhang P, Liu YH, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Li HZ, Liu L, Liu YM, Yang XY, Xue CY. Caprylic Acid Improves Lipid Metabolism, Suppresses the Inflammatory Response and Activates the ABCA1/p-JAK2/p-STAT3 Signaling Pathway in C57BL/6J Mice and RAW264.7 Cells. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:95-106. [PMID: 35197174 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid (C8:0) on lipid metabolism and inflammation, and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells. METHODS Fifty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups fed a high-fat diet (HFD) without or with 2% C8:0, palmitic acid (C16:0) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). RAW246.7 cells were randomly divided into five groups: normal, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS+C8:0, LPS+EPA and LPS+cAMP. The serum lipid profiles, inflammatory biomolecules, and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expression were measured. RESULTS C8:0 decreased TC and LDL-C, and increased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio after injection of LPS. Without LPS, it decreased TC in mice ( P < 0.05). Moreover, C8:0 decreased the inflammatory response after LPS treatment in both mice and cells ( P < 0.05). Mechanistic investigations in C57BL/6J mouse aortas after injection of LPS indicated that C8:0 resulted in higher ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 expression than that with HFD, C16:0 and EPA, and resulted in lower TNF-α, NF-κB mRNA expression than that with HFD ( P < 0.05). In RAW 264.7 cells, C8:0 resulted in lower expression of pNF-κBP65 than that in the LPS group, and higher protein expression of ABCA1, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 than that in the LPS and LPS+cAMP groups ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrated that C8:0 may play an important role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, and the mechanism may be associated with ABCA1 and the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;Guizhou Crops of Chinese Armed Police Force, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Hua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hui Zi Li
- Department of Nutrition, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Meng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xue Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chang Yong Xue
- Department of Nutrition, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Hafiane A, Gianopoulos I, Sorci-Thomas MG, Daskalopoulou SS. Apolipoprotein A-I carboxy-terminal domain residues 187-243 are required for adiponectin-induced cholesterol efflux. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110222. [PMID: 34954016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin exerts its atheroprotection by stimulating adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, involvement of the apoA-I residues in this process have not been studied. In Tamm-Horsfall 1 (THP-1) macrophages and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells we assessed adiponectin's potential to restore cholesterol efflux in the presence of apoA-I and ABCA1 mutants, respectively. Adiponectin was unable to restore efflux from THP-1 macrophages in the presence of apoA-I carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) successive mutants from residues 187-243 versus apoA-I mutants alone. Furthermore, adiponectin did not significantly influence cholesterol efflux to apoA-I from BHK-ABCA1 mutant cells. Adiponectin appears to require functional apoA-I CTD residues 187-243 and wild-type ABCA1 to mediate efficient cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages and BHK cells, respectively. Therefore, adiponectin cannot rescue defective cholesterol efflux in apoA-I- or ABCA1-mutant conditions, but rather increases cholesterol efflux in wild-type apoA-I conditions compared to apoA-I exposure alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Ioanna Gianopoulos
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada; Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada.
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Uekita H, Yamamoto H, Niinaga R, Yamane N, Yoshii M, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Kihara S. Reciprocal association of serum Mac-2 binding protein and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:142-148. [PMID: 33571485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP) is used as a serum biomarker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, considered to be a liver phenotype of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, we investigated the serum Mac-2BP concentrations-correlated MetS-related clinical parameters in vivo, and the underlying mechanism in vitro. MATERIALS & METHODS We enrolled 54 healthy Japanese men who underwent health examination at Osaka University Health Care Center in this study. Physical and serum biochemical parameters were obtained from all the subjects. In the cultured HepG2 cells, the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on the expression of Mac-2BP, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were studied. RESULTS Serum Mac-2BP concentrations correlated negatively with HDL-C, and positively with body mass index and systolic blood pressure in univariate analysis. These results suggested the association between Mac-2BP and MetS, although none of these 3 parameters had significant correlation with serum Mac-2BP concentrations in multivariate analysis. In HepG2 cells, IFN-γ stimulation resulted in the increased Mac-2BP and the decreased ABCA1 and apo A-I mRNA concentrations, while Mac-2BP had no effects on ABCA1 and apo A-I concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The serum Mac-2BP concentrations are negatively correlated with HDL-C concentrations in healthy subjects, as a result of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Uekita
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryu Niinaga
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manami Yoshii
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Lu R, Ishikawa T, Tanaka M, Tsuboi T, Yokoyama S. Zinc Increases ABCA1 by Attenuating Its Clearance Through the Modulation of Calmodulin Activity. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:261-270. [PMID: 32581187 PMCID: PMC8049148 DOI: 10.5551/jat.55384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We previously revealed that Ca++-activated calmodulin binds to ABCA1 by the region near the PEST sequence and retards its calpain-mediated degradation to increase HDL biogenesis. Calmodulin activity is reportedly modulated also by other nutritional divalent cations; thus, we attempted to determine whether Zn++ is involved in the regulation of ABCA1 stability through the modulation of calmodulin activity. Methods: The effects of Zn++ on ABCA1 expression was investigated in J774 mouse macrophage cell-line cells and HepG2 human hepatoma cell-line cells. Results: Zn++ increased ABCA1 expression, not by increasing the mRNA but by attenuating its decay rate, more prominently in the presence of cAMP. Accordingly, it enhanced cell cholesterol release with extracellular apolipo-protein A-I. Calmodulin binding to ABCA1 was increased by Zn++ and Ca++. Zn++ suppressed calpain-mediated hydrolysis of the peptide of ABCA1 cytosolic loop, including the PEST sequence and the calmodulin-binding site, in a calmodulin-dependent fashion, in the presence of the minimum amount of Ca++ to activate calpain, but not calmodulin. Calpain activity was not directly inhibited by Zn++ at the concentration for enhancing calmodulin binding to ABCA1. Conclusion: Nutritional divalent cation Zn++ is involved in the regulation of ABCA1 activity and biogenesis of HDL through the modulation of calmodulin activity. The results were consistent with previous clinical findings that Zn++ increased plasma HDL in the conditions of sympathetic activation, such as type 2 diabetes and chronic hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences,Chubu University
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Salonurmi T, Nabil H, Ronkainen J, Hyötyläinen T, Hautajärvi H, Savolainen MJ, Tolonen A, Orešič M, Känsäkoski P, Rysä J, Hakkola J, Hukkanen J. 4 β-Hydroxycholesterol Signals From the Liver to Regulate Peripheral Cholesterol Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:361. [PMID: 32292343 PMCID: PMC7118195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) elevates circulating 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC), an agonist of liver X receptor (LXR). PXR may also regulate 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol. Our aim was to elucidate the roles of PXR and oxysterols in the regulation of cholesterol transporters. We measured oxysterols in serum of volunteers dosed with PXR agonist rifampicin 600 mg/day versus placebo for a week and analyzed the expression of cholesterol transporters in mononuclear cells. The effect of 4βHC on the transport of cholesterol and the expression of cholesterol transporters was studied in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages and foam cells in vitro. The expression of cholesterol transporters was measured also in rat tissues after dosing with a PXR agonist. The levels of 4βHC were elevated, while 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol remained unchanged in volunteers dosed with rifampicin. The expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was induced in human mononuclear cells in vivo. The influx of cholesterol was repressed by 4βHC, as was the expression of influx transporter lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 in vitro. The cholesterol efflux and the expression of efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 were induced. The expression of inducible degrader of the LDL receptor was induced. In rats, PXR agonist increased circulating 4βHC and expression of LXR targets in peripheral tissues, especially ABCA1 and ABCG1 in heart. In conclusion, PXR activation-elevated 4βHC is a signaling molecule that represses cholesterol influx and induces efflux. The PXR-4βHC-LXR pathway could link the hepatic xenobiotic exposure and the regulation of cholesterol transport in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuire Salonurmi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heba Nabil
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justiina Ronkainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life-Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Päivi Känsäkoski
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Li YY, Zhou SH, Chen SS, Zhong J, Wen GB. PRMT2 inhibits the formation of foam cell induced by ox-LDL in RAW 264.7 macrophage involving ABCA1 mediated cholesterol efflux. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:77-82. [PMID: 31980179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. However, its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of overexpression of PRMT2 on the formation of foam cells and to explore its possible mechanism in RAW 264.7 macrophage. METHODS Lentivirus vector of overexpression PRMT2 (LV-PRMT2) was constructed. LV-PRMT2 and lentivirus vector GV492 were transfected into RAW 264.7 macrophages, positive clone cells were screened by treatment with 4.0 μg/mL puromycin for 4 weeks. The macrophages were treated with ox-LDL (50 μg/mL) for 48 h to induce foaming. The lipid accumulation of macrophages was observed by oil red O staining. The levels of cellular total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays. The cholesterol efflux of macrophages was tested by the [3H] labeled cholesterol. The expressions of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), CD36 and scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1) in macrophages were measured by Western Blot. RESULTS The results showed that LV-PRMT2 and lentivirus vector has been successfully transfected into RAW 264.7 macrophage. Compared with the Vector group, the mRNA and protein expressions of PRMT2 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Compared with Control group, the expression of PRMT2 was significantly down-regulated in ox-LDL group (P < 0.05). A large number of red lipid droplets appeared in the cells in Vector group. Compared with Vector group, lipid droplets, the levels of TC, FC and CE and CE/TC, cholesterol efflux rate and expression of ABCA1 in RAW 264.7 macrophage was significantly decreased in LV-PRMT2 group (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference about the expressions of ABCG1, CD36 and SR-A1 between LV-PRMT2 group and Vector group (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of PRMT2 inhibits the formation of foam cell induced by ox-LDL in RAW 264.7 macrophage, and the mechanism may be related to the increase of ABCA1 expression and ABCA1 mediated cholesterol efflux.
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Gao JH, He LH, Yu XH, Zhao ZW, Wang G, Zou J, Wen FJ, Zhou L, Wan XJ, Zhang DW, Tang CK. CXCL12 promotes atherosclerosis by downregulating ABCA1 expression via the CXCR4/GSK3β/β-catenin T120/TCF21 pathway. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:2020-2033. [PMID: 31662443 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a member of the CXC chemokine family and mainly acts on cell chemotaxis. CXCL12 also elicits a proatherogenic role, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully defined yet. We aimed to reveal if and how CXCL12 promoted atherosclerosis via regulating lipid metabolism. In vitro, our data showed that CXCL12 could reduce ABCA1 expression, and it mediated cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages to apoA-I. Data from the luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) stimulated the transcription of ABCA1 via binding to its promoter region, which was repressed by CXCL12. We found that CXCL12 increased the levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and the phosphorylation of β-catenin at the Thr120 position. Inactivation of GSK3β or β-catenin increased the expression of TCF21 and ABCA1. Further, knockdown or inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blocked the effects of CXCL12 on TCF21 and ABCA1 expression and the phosphorylation of GSK3β and β-catenin. In vivo, the overexpression of CXCL12 in Apoe-/- mice via lentivirus enlarged the atherosclerotic lesion area and increased macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. We further found that the overexpression of CXCL12 reduced the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C levels, decreased ABCA1 expression in the aorta and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), and suppressed cholesterol efflux from MPMs to apoA-I in Apoe-/- mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that CXCL12 interacts with CXCR4 and then activates the GSK-3β/β-cateninT120/TCF21 signaling pathway to inhibit ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages and aggravate atherosclerosis. Targeting CXCL12 may be a novel and promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Hao He
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Wan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Li SS, Cao H, Shen DZ, Chen C, Xing SL, Dou FF, Jia QL. Effect of Quercetin on Atherosclerosis Based on Expressions of ABCA1, LXR-α and PCSK9 in ApoE -/- Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:114-121. [PMID: 31144159 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-2942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of quercetin on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor (LXR), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expressions in apoE-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS The high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis (AS) in ApoE-/- mice was established. Thirty-six mice were divided into 3 groups using random number table method: model group (n=12), quercetin group (n=12), and atorvastatin group (n=12), with C57BL/6J mice of the same strain and age as the control group (n=12). Quercetin group and atorvastatin group were administrated with quercetin and atorvastatin by oral gavage, with doses of 12.5 and 4 mg/(kg•d), respectively. Animals in the control and model groups were given an equal volume of distilled water by oral gavage once per day for a total of 12 weeks. Western blot and immunohistochemical methods were employed to determine the aortic ABCA1, LXR-α and PCSK9 protein expression. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method was used to detect the expression of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10, combined with tissue pathological examination. RESULTS ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet had notable atherosclerosis lesions, with reduced ABCA1, LXR-α and IL-10 levels (all P<0.01), elevated PCSK9, TNF-α and IL-6 expression, and increased TC and LDL-C contents (all P<0.01). After quercetin intervention, the areas of AS plaques and the expressions of PCSK9, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced (all P<0.01), while the expressions of ABCA1 and LXR-α were increased significantly (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION Quercetin effectively interfered with AS development by regulating the expressions of ABCA1, LXR- α and PCSK9 in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ding-Zhu Shen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - San-Li Xing
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang-Fang Dou
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Ling Jia
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
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10
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Vaidya M, Jentsch JA, Peters S, Keul P, Weske S, Gräler MH, Mladenov E, Iliakis G, Heusch G, Levkau B. Regulation of ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in macrophages. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:506-515. [PMID: 30655318 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism are closely associated at the structural, biochemical, and functional levels. Although HDL-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contributes to several HDL functions, and S1P signaling regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, no study has addressed the involvement of S1P in cholesterol efflux. Here, we show that sphingosine kinase (Sphk) activity was induced by the LXR agonist 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and required for the stimulation of ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I. In support, pharmacological Sphk inhibition and Sphk2 but not Sphk1 deficiency abrogated efflux. The involved mechanism included stimulation of both transcriptional and functional ABCA1 regulatory pathways and depended for the latter on the S1P receptor 3 (S1P3). Accordingly, S1P3-deficient macrophages were resistant to 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated cholesterol efflux. The inability of excess exogenous S1P to further increase efflux was consistent with tonic S1P3 signaling by a pool of constitutively generated Sphk-derived S1P dynamically regulating cholesterol efflux. In summary, we have established S1P as a previously unrecognized intermediate in LXR-stimulated ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and identified S1P/S1P3 signaling as a positive-feedback regulator of cholesterol efflux. This constitutes a novel regulatory mechanism of cholesterol efflux by sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Vaidya
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Julian A Jentsch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Susann Peters
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany .,West German Heart and Vascular Center University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
ABCA1 functions as a lipid transporter because it mediates the transfer of cellular phospholipid (PL) and free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) to apoA-I and related proteins present in the extracellular medium. ABCA1 is a membrane PL translocase and its enzymatic activity leads to transfer of PL molecules from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the exofacial leaflet of a cell plasma membrane (PM). The presence of active ABCA1 in the PM promotes binding of apoA-I to the cell surface. About 10% of this bound apoA-I interacts directly with ABCA1 and stabilizes the transporter. Most of the pool of cell surface-associated apoA-I is bound to lipid domains in the PM that are created by the activity of ABCA1. The amphipathic α-helices in apoA-I confer detergent-like properties on the protein enabling it to solubilize PL and FC in these membrane domains to create a heterogeneous population of discoidal nascent HDL particles. This review focuses on current understanding of the structure-function relationships of human ABCA1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158
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12
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Melchior JT, Street SE, Andraski AB, Furtado JD, Sacks FM, Shute RL, Greve EI, Swertfeger DK, Li H, Shah AS, Lu LJ, Davidson WS. Apolipoprotein A-II alters the proteome of human lipoproteins and enhances cholesterol efflux from ABCA1. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1374-1385. [PMID: 28476857 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
HDLs are a family of heterogeneous particles that vary in size, composition, and function. The structure of most HDLs is maintained by two scaffold proteins, apoA-I and apoA-II, but up to 95 other "accessory" proteins have been found associated with the particles. Recent evidence suggests that these accessory proteins are distributed across various subspecies and drive specific biological functions. Unfortunately, our understanding of the molecular composition of such subspecies is limited. To begin to address this issue, we separated human plasma and HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation (UC-HDL) into particles with apoA-I and no apoA-II (LpA-I) and those with both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II). MS studies revealed distinct differences between the subfractions. LpA-I exhibited significantly more protein diversity than LpA-I/A-II when isolated directly from plasma. However, this difference was lost in UC-HDL. Most LpA-I/A-II accessory proteins were associated with lipid transport pathways, whereas those in LpA-I were associated with inflammatory response, hemostasis, immune response, metal ion binding, and protease inhibition. We found that the presence of apoA-II enhanced ABCA1-mediated efflux compared with LpA-I particles. This effect was independent of the accessory protein signature suggesting that apoA-II induces a structural change in apoA-I in HDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Melchior
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Scott E Street
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Allison B Andraski
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rebecca L Shute
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Emily I Greve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Debi K Swertfeger
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Hailong Li
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - L Jason Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237.
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13
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Chang TY, Yamauchi Y, Hasan MT, Chang C. Cellular cholesterol homeostasis and Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2239-2254. [PMID: 28298292 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r075630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults. Currently, there is no cure for AD. The hallmark of AD is the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides (especially Aβ1-42) and neurofibrillary tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau and accompanied by chronic neuroinflammation. Aβ peptides are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The oligomeric form of Aβ peptides is probably the most neurotoxic species; its accumulation eventually forms the insoluble and aggregated amyloid plaques. ApoE is the major apolipoprotein of the lipoprotein(s) present in the CNS. ApoE has three alleles, of which the Apoe4 allele constitutes the major risk factor for late-onset AD. Here we describe the complex relationship between ApoE4, oligomeric Aβ peptides, and cholesterol homeostasis. The review consists of four parts: 1) key elements involved in cellular cholesterol metabolism and regulation; 2) key elements involved in intracellular cholesterol trafficking; 3) links between ApoE4, Aβ peptides, and disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis in the CNS; 4) potential lipid-based therapeutic targets to treat AD. At the end, we recommend several research topics that we believe would help in better understanding the connection between cholesterol and AD for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mazahir T Hasan
- Laboratory of Memory Circuits, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Catherine Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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14
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Abstract
The role of APOE in the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has largely focused on its effects on AD pathological processes. However, there are increasing data that APOE genotype affects processes in normal brains. Studies of young cognitively normal humans show effects of APOE genotype on brain structure and activity. Studies of normal APOE knock-in mice show effects of APOE genotype on brain structure, neuronal markers, and behavior. APOE interactions with molecules important for lipid efflux and lipid endocytosis underlie effects of APOE genotype on neuroinflammation and lipoprotein composition. These effects provide important targets for new therapies for reduction of the risk of AD before any signs of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
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15
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Kuwano T, Bi X, Cipollari E, Yasuda T, Lagor WR, Szapary HJ, Tohyama J, Millar JS, Billheimer JT, Lyssenko NN, Rader DJ. Overexpression and deletion of phospholipid transfer protein reduce HDL mass and cholesterol efflux capacity but not macrophage reverse cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:731-741. [PMID: 28137768 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) may affect macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (mRCT) through its role in the metabolism of HDL. Ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity and in vivo mRCT were assessed in PLTP deletion and PLTP overexpression mice. PLTP deletion mice had reduced HDL mass and cholesterol efflux capacity, but unchanged in vivo mRCT. To directly compare the effects of PLTP overexpression and deletion on mRCT, human PLTP was overexpressed in the liver of wild-type animals using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, and control and PLTP deletion animals were injected with AAV-null. PLTP overexpression and deletion reduced plasma HDL mass and cholesterol efflux capacity. Both substantially decreased ABCA1-independent cholesterol efflux, whereas ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux remained the same or increased, even though preβ HDL levels were lower. Neither PLTP overexpression nor deletion affected excretion of macrophage-derived radiocholesterol in the in vivo mRCT assay. The ex vivo and in vivo assays were modified to gauge the rate of cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma. PLTP activity did not affect this metric. Thus, deviations in PLTP activity from the wild-type level reduce HDL mass and ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity, but not the rate of macrophage cholesterol efflux to plasma or in vivo mRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuwano
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xin Bi
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eleonora Cipollari
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tomoyuki Yasuda
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - William R Lagor
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hannah J Szapary
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Junichiro Tohyama
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John S Millar
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jeffrey T Billheimer
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nicholas N Lyssenko
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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16
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Tang C, Houston BA, Storey C, LeBoeuf RC. Both STAT3 activation and cholesterol efflux contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of apoA-I/ABCA1 interaction in macrophages. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:848-57. [PMID: 26989082 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m065797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 exports excess cholesterol from cells to apoA-I and is essential for HDL synthesis. Genetic studies have shown that ABCA1 protects against cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown that the interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 activates signaling molecule Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), which optimizes the cholesterol efflux activity of ABCA1. ABCA1-mediated activation of JAK2 also activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which significantly attenuates proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. To determine the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of apoA-I/ABCA1 interaction, we identified two special ABCA1 mutants, one with normal STAT3-activating capacity but lacking cholesterol efflux ability and the other with normal cholesterol efflux ability but lacking STAT3-activating capacity. We showed that activation of STAT3 by the interaction of apoA-I/ABCA1 without cholesterol efflux could significantly decrease proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Mechanistic studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the apoA-I/ABCA1/STAT3 pathway is suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 dependent. Moreover, we showed that apoA-I/ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux without STAT3 activation can also reduce proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. These findings suggest that the interaction of apoA-I/ABCA1 activates cholesterol efflux and STAT3 branch pathways to synergistically suppress inflammation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongren Tang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Barbara A Houston
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Carl Storey
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Renee C LeBoeuf
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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17
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Pamir N, Hutchins P, Ronsein G, Vaisar T, Reardon CA, Getz GS, Lusis AJ, Heinecke JW. Proteomic analysis of HDL from inbred mouse strains implicates APOE associated with HDL in reduced cholesterol efflux capacity via the ABCA1 pathway. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:246-57. [PMID: 26673204 PMCID: PMC4727420 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacity associates strongly and negatively with the incidence and prevalence of human CVD. We investigated the relationships of HDL’s size and protein cargo with its cholesterol efflux capacity using APOB-depleted serum and HDLs isolated from five inbred mouse strains with different susceptibilities to atherosclerosis. Like humans, mouse HDL carried >70 proteins linked to lipid metabolism, the acute-phase response, proteinase inhibition, and the immune system. HDL’s content of specific proteins strongly correlated with its size and cholesterol efflux capacity, suggesting that its protein cargo regulates its function. Cholesterol efflux capacity with macrophages strongly and positively correlated with retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and PLTP, but not APOA1. In contrast, ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux correlated strongly with HDL’s content of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD, but not RBP4 and PLTP. Unexpectedly, APOE had a strong negative correlation with ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. Moreover, the ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL isolated from APOE-deficient mice was significantly greater than that of HDL from wild-type mice. Our observations demonstrate that the HDL-associated APOE regulates HDL’s ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. These findings may be clinically relevant because HDL’s APOE content associates with CVD risk and ABCA1 deficiency promotes unregulated cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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18
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Tang C, Liu Y, Yang W, Storey C, McMillen TS, Houston BA, Heinecke JW, LeBoeuf RC. Hematopoietic ABCA1 deletion promotes monocytosis and worsens diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:100-8. [PMID: 26531812 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance. ABCA1 is essential for reverse cholesterol transport and HDL synthesis, and protects against macrophage inflammation. In the present study, the effects of ABCA1 deficiency in hematopoietic cells on diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance were tested in vivo using bone marrow transplanted (BMT)-WT and BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice. When challenged with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diabetogenic diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC), BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice displayed enhanced insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance as compared with BMT-WT mice. The worsened insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice were accompanied by increased macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue and liver. Moreover, BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice had significantly higher hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, myeloid cell expansion, and monocytosis when challenged with the HFHSC diet. In vitro studies indicated that macrophages from ABCA1(-/-) mice showed significantly increased inflammatory responses induced by saturated fatty acids. Taken together, these studies point to an important role for hematopoietic ABCA1 in modulating a feed-forward mechanism in obesity such that inflamed tissue macrophages stimulate the production of more monocytes, leading to an exacerbation of inflammation and associated disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongren Tang
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Wendy Yang
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Carl Storey
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Tim S McMillen
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Barbara A Houston
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Renee C LeBoeuf
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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19
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Yamauchi Y, Yokoyama S, Chang TY. ABCA1-dependent sterol release: sterol molecule specificity and potential membrane domain for HDL biogenesis. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:77-88. [PMID: 26497474 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells synthesize various sterol molecules, including the C30 sterol, lanosterol, as cholesterol precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum. The build-up of precursor sterols, including lanosterol, displays cellular toxicity. Precursor sterols are found in plasma HDL. How these structurally different sterols are released from cells is poorly understood. Here, we show that newly synthesized precursor sterols arriving at the plasma membrane (PM) are removed by extracellular apoA-I in a manner dependent on ABCA1, a key macromolecule for HDL biogenesis. Analysis of sterol molecules by GC-MS and tracing the fate of radiolabeled acetate-derived sterols in normal and mutant Niemann-Pick type C cells reveal that ABCA1 prefers newly synthesized sterols, especially lanosterol, as the substrates before they are internalized from the PM. We also show that ABCA1 resides in a cholesterol-rich membrane domain resistant to the mild detergent, Brij 98. Blocking ACAT activity increases the cholesterol contents of this domain. Newly synthesized C29/C30 sterols are transiently enriched within this domain, but rapidly disappear from this domain with a half-life of less than 1 h. Our work shows that substantial amounts of precursor sterols are transported to a certain PM domain and are removed by the ABCA1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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20
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Wei H, Tarling EJ, McMillen TS, Tang C, LeBoeuf RC. ABCG1 regulates mouse adipose tissue macrophage cholesterol levels and ratio of M1 to M2 cells in obesity and caloric restriction. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2337-47. [PMID: 26489644 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to triacylglycerols, adipocytes contain a large reserve of unesterified cholesterol. During adipocyte lipolysis and cell death seen during severe obesity and weight loss, free fatty acids and cholesterol become available for uptake and processing by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). We hypothesize that ATMs become cholesterol enriched and participate in cholesterol clearance from adipose tissue. We previously showed that ABCG1 is robustly upregulated in ATMs taken from obese mice and further enhanced by caloric restriction. Here, we found that ATMs taken from obese and calorie-restricted mice derived from transplantation of WT or Abcg1-deficient bone marrow are cholesterol enriched. ABCG1 levels regulate the ratio of classically activated (M1) to alternatively activated (M2) ATMs and their cellular cholesterol content. Using WT and Abcg1(-/-) cultured macrophages, we found that Abcg1 is most highly expressed by M2 macrophages and that ABCG1 deficiency is sufficient to retard macrophage chemotaxis. However, changes in myeloid expression of Abcg1 did not protect mice from obesity or impaired glucose homeostasis. Overall, ABCG1 modulates ATM cholesterol content in obesity and weight loss regimes leading to an alteration in M1 to M2 ratio that we suggest is due to the extent of macrophage egress from adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050 Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737 Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737
| | - Timothy S McMillen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050 Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050
| | - Chongren Tang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050 Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050
| | - Renée C LeBoeuf
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050 Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-8050
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.M.)
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22
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Sadananda SN, Foo JN, Toh MT, Cermakova L, Trigueros-Motos L, Chan T, Liany H, Collins JA, Gerami S, Singaraja RR, Hayden MR, Francis GA, Frohlich J, Khor CC, Brunham LR. Targeted next-generation sequencing to diagnose disorders of HDL cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1993-2001. [PMID: 26255038 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p058891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A low level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is a common clinical scenario and an important marker for increased cardiovascular risk. Many patients with very low or very high HDL-C have a rare mutation in one of several genes, but identification of the molecular abnormality in patients with extreme HDL-C is rarely performed in clinical practice. We investigated the accuracy and diagnostic yield of a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay for extreme levels of HDL-C. We developed a targeted NGS panel to capture the exons, intron/exon boundaries, and untranslated regions of 26 genes with highly penetrant effects on plasma lipid levels. We sequenced 141 patients with extreme HDL-C levels and prioritized variants in accordance with medical genetics guidelines. We identified 35 pathogenic and probably pathogenic variants in HDL genes, including 21 novel variants, and performed functional validation on a subset of these. Overall, a molecular diagnosis was established in 35.9% of patients with low HDL-C and 5.2% with high HDL-C, and all prioritized variants identified by NGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Our results suggest that a molecular diagnosis can be identified in a substantial proportion of patients with low HDL-C using targeted NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singh N Sadananda
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Meng Tiak Toh
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lubomira Cermakova
- Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laia Trigueros-Motos
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teddy Chan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Herty Liany
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Jennifer A Collins
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sima Gerami
- Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Roshni R Singaraja
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University of Singapore, Singapore Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gordon A Francis
- Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Departments of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jiri Frohlich
- Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) and National University of Singapore, Singapore Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore Departments of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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23
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Borja MS, Ng KF, Irwin A, Hong J, Wu X, Isquith D, Zhao XQ, Prazen B, Gildengorin V, Oda MN, Vaisar T. HDL-apolipoprotein A-I exchange is independently associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2002-9. [PMID: 26254308 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m059865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL is the primary mediator of cholesterol mobilization from the periphery to the liver via reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). A critical first step in this process is the uptake of cholesterol from lipid-loaded macrophages by HDL, a function of HDL inversely associated with prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the dynamic ability of HDL to undergo remodeling and exchange of apoA-I is an important and potentially rate-limiting aspect of RCT. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE) and serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) efflux capacity. We compared HAE to the total and ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity of 77 subjects. We found that HAE was highly correlated with both total (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001) and ABCA1-specific (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001) efflux, and this relationship remained significant after adjustment for HDL-C or apoA-I. Multivariate models of sterol efflux capacity indicated that HAE accounted for approximately 25% of the model variance for both total and ABCA1-specific efflux. We conclude that the ability of HDL to exchange apoA-I and remodel, as measured by HAE, is a significant contributor to serum HDL efflux capacity, independent of HDL-C and apoA-I, indicating that HDL dynamics are an important factor in cholesterol efflux capacity and likely RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kit F Ng
- Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Angela Irwin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jaekyoung Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Daniel Isquith
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Xue-Qiao Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | | | | | - Tomáš Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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24
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Jin X, Freeman SR, Vaisman B, Liu Y, Chang J, Varsano N, Addadi L, Remaley A, Kruth HS. ABCA1 contributes to macrophage deposition of extracellular cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2015. [PMID: 26203076 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that cholesterol-enriched macrophages excrete cholesterol into the extracellular matrix. A monoclonal antibody that detects cholesterol microdomains labels the deposited extracellular particles. Macro-phage deposition of extracellular cholesterol depends, in part, on ABCG1, and this cholesterol can be mobilized by HDL components of the reverse cholesterol transport process. The objective of the current study was to determine whether ABCA1 also contributes to macrophage deposition of extracellular cholesterol. ABCA1 functioned in extracellular cholesterol deposition. The liver X receptor agonist, TO901317 (TO9), an ABCA1-inducing factor, restored cholesterol deposition that was absent in cholesterol-enriched ABCG1(-/-) mouse macrophages. In addition, the ABCA1 inhibitor, probucol, blocked the increment in cholesterol deposited by TO9-treated wild-type macrophages, and completely inhibited deposition from TO9-treated ABCG1(-/-) macrophages. Lastly, ABCA1(-/-) macrophages deposited much less extracellular cholesterol than wild-type macrophages. These findings demonstrate a novel function of ABCA1 in contributing to macrophage export of cholesterol into the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sebastian R Freeman
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Boris Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ying Liu
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Janet Chang
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Howard S Kruth
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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25
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Huang L, Fan B, Ma A, Shaul PW, Zhu H. Inhibition of ABCA1 protein degradation promotes HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and RCT and reduces atherosclerosis in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:986-97. [PMID: 25761370 PMCID: PMC4409288 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 plays a key role in the initial lipidation of apoA-I, which generates circulating HDL cholesterol. Whereas it is known that the transcriptional upregulation of ABCA1 promotes HDL formation and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), it is not known how the inhibition of ABCA1 protein degradation impacts HDL function. Employing the small molecule triacetyl-3-hydroxyphenyladenosine (IMM-H007), we determined how the attenuation of ABCA1 protein degradation affects HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, RCT, and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Pulse-chase analysis revealed that IMM-H007 inhibits ABCA1 degradation and facilitates its cell-surface localization in macrophages, and additional studies in macrophages showed that IMM-H007 thereby promotes cholesterol efflux. IMM-H007 treatment of Paigen diet-fed mice caused an increase in circulating HDL level, it increased the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL, and it enhanced in vivo RCT from macrophages to the plasma, liver, and feces. Furthermore, ABCA1 degradation suppression by IMM-H007 reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in apoE(-/-) mice. Thus, via effects on both ABCA1-expressing cells and circulating HDL function, the inhibition of ABCA1 protein degradation by IMM-H007 promotes HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and RCT and attenuates atherogenesis. IMM-H007 potentially represents a lead compound for the development of agents to augment HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- LinZhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - BaoYan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - HaiBo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Shen L, Peng H, Peng R, Fan Q, Zhao S, Xu D, Morisseau C, Chiamvimonvat N, Hammock BD. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:557-65. [PMID: 25733327 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the body largest free cholesterol reservoir and abundantly expresses ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which maintains plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. HDLs have a protective role in atherosclerosis by mediating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition has various beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. The sEH is highly expressed in adipocytes, and it converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) into less bioactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. We previously showed that increasing EETs levels with a sEH inhibitor (sEHI) (t-AUCB) resulted in elevated ABCA1 expression and promoted ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study investigates the impacts of t-AUCB in mice deficient for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (Ldlr(-/-) mice) with established atherosclerotic plaques. The sEH inhibitor delivered in vivo for 4 weeks decreased the activity of sEH in adipose tissue, enhanced ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux from adipose depots, and consequently increased HDL levels. Furthermore, t-AUCB enhanced RCT to the plasma, liver, bile and feces. It also showed the reduction of plasma LDL-C levels. Consistently, t-AUCB-treated mice showed reductions in the size of atherosclerotic plaques. These studies establish that raising adipose ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux, and plasma HDL levels with t-AUCB treatment promotes RCT, decreasing LDL-C and atherosclerosis regression, suggesting that sEH inhibition may be a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Hongchun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Emergency, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Qingsong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, PR China
| | - Shuiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China.
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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27
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Zhao Y, Ishigami M, Nagao K, Hanada K, Kono N, Arai H, Matsuo M, Kioka N, Ueda K. ABCB4 exports phosphatidylcholine in a sphingomyelin-dependent manner. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:644-652. [PMID: 25601960 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCB4, which is specifically expressed on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, exports phosphatidylcholine (PC) into bile. Because SM depletion increases cellular PC content and stimulates PC and cholesterol efflux by ABCA1, a key transporter involved in generation of HDL, we predicted that SM depletion also stimulates PC efflux through ABCB4. To test this prediction, we compared the lipid efflux activity of ABCB4 and ABCA1 under SM depletion induced by two different types of inhibitors for SM synthesis, myriocin and (1R,3S)-N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl)dodecanamide, in human embryonic kidney 293 and baby hamster kidney cells. Unexpectedly, SM depletion exerted opposite effects on ABCB4 and ABCA1, suppressing PC efflux through ABCB4 while stimulating efflux through ABCA1. Both ABCB4 and ABCA1 were recovered from Triton-X-100-soluble membranes, but ABCB4 was mainly recovered from CHAPS-insoluble SM-rich membranes, whereas ABCA1 was recovered from CHAPS-soluble membranes. These results suggest that a SM-rich membrane environment is required for ABCB4 to function. ABCB4 must have evolved to exert its maximum activity in the SM-rich membrane environment of the canalicular membrane, where it transports PC as the physiological substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Ishigami
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michinori Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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28
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Berisha SZ, Brubaker G, Kasumov T, Hung KT, DiBello PM, Huang Y, Li L, Willard B, Pollard KA, Nagy LE, Hazen SL, Smith JD. HDL from apoA1 transgenic mice expressing the 4WF isoform is resistant to oxidative loss of function. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:653-664. [PMID: 25561462 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL functions are impaired by myeloperoxidase (MPO), which selectively targets and oxidizes human apoA1. We previously found that the 4WF isoform of human apoA1, in which the four tryptophan residues are substituted with phenylalanine, is resistant to MPO-mediated loss of function. The purpose of this study was to generate 4WF apoA1 transgenic mice and compare functional properties of the 4WF and wild-type human apoA1 isoforms in vivo. Male mice had significantly higher plasma apoA1 levels than females for both isoforms of human apoA1, attributed to different production rates. With matched plasma apoA1 levels, 4WF transgenics had a trend for slightly less HDL-cholesterol versus human apoA1 transgenics. While 4WF transgenics had 31% less reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) to the plasma compartment, equivalent RCT to the liver and feces was observed. Plasma from both strains had similar ability to accept cholesterol and facilitate ex vivo cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that 4WF transgenic HDL was partially (∼50%) protected from MPO-mediated loss of function while human apoA1 transgenic HDL lost all ABCA1-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity. In conclusion, the structure and function of HDL from 4WF transgenic mice was not different than HDL derived from human apoA1 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Z Berisha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Greg Brubaker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Kimberly T Hung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Patricia M DiBello
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Katherine A Pollard
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195.
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29
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Omura R, Nagao K, Kobayashi N, Ueda K, Saito H. Direct detection of ABCA1-dependent HDL formation based on lipidation-induced hydrophobicity change in apoA-I. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2423-31. [PMID: 25214539 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d049445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids into apoA-I to form HDL, which is important in the prevention of atherosclerosis. To develop a novel method for the evaluation of HDL formation, we prepared an apoA-I-POLARIC by labeling the specific residue of an apoA-I variant with a hydrophobicity-sensitive fluorescence probe that detects the environmental change around apoA-I during HDL formation. apoA-I-POLARIC possesses the intact ABCA1-dependent HDL formation activity and shows 4.0-fold higher fluorescence intensity in HDL particles than in the lipid-free state. Incubation of apoA-I-POLARIC with ABCA1-expressing cells, but not ABCA1-non-expressing cells, caused a 1.7-fold increase in fluorescence intensity. Gel filtration analysis demonstrated that the increase in fluorescence intensity of apoA-I-POLARIC represents the amount of apoA-I incorporated into the discoidal HDL particles rather than the amount of secreted cholesterol. THP-1 macrophage-mediated HDL formation and inhibition of HDL formation by cyclosporine A could also be measured using apoA-I-POLARIC. Furthermore, HDL formation-independent lipid release induced by microparticle formation or cell death was not detected by apoA-I-POLARIC. These results demonstrate that HDL formation by ABCA1-expressing cells can be specifically detected by sensing hydrophobicity change in apoA-I, thus providing a novel method for assessing HDL formation and screening of the HDL formation modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Omura
- Institute of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Institute of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | | | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Institute of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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30
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Liu C, Ge B, He C, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu K, Qian C, Zhang Y, Peng W, Guo X. Mitofusin 2 decreases intracellular lipids in macrophages by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;450:500-506. [PMID: 24928385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to reveal how Mfn2 functions in the atherosclerosis. Mfn2 expression was found to be significantly reduced in arterial atherosclerotic lesions of both mice and human compared with healthy counterparts. Here, we observed that Mfn2 increased cellular cholesterol transporter expression in macrophages by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, an effect achieved at least partially by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. These findings provide insights into potential mechanisms of Mfn2-mediated alterations in cholesterol transporter expression, which may have significant implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease.
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31
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Xu Y, Liu Q, Xu Y, Liu C, Wang X, He X, Zhu N, Liu J, Wu Y, Li Y, Li N, Feng T, Lai F, Zhang M, Hong B, Jiang JD, Si S. Rutaecarpine suppresses atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice through upregulating ABCA1 and SR-BI within RCT. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1634-47. [PMID: 24908654 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)/CD36 and lysosomal integral membrane protein II analogous 1 (CLA-1) are the key transporter and receptor in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Increasing the expression level of ABCA1 and SR-BI/CLA-1 is antiatherogenic. The aim of the study was to find novel antiatherosclerotic agents upregulating expression of ABCA1 and SR-BI/CLA-1 from natural compounds. Using the ABCA1p-LUC and CLA-1p-LUC HepG2 cell lines, we found that rutaecarpine (RUT) triggered promoters of ABCA1 and CLA-1 genes. RUT increased ABCA1 and SR-BI/CLA-1 expression in vitro related to liver X receptor alpha and liver X receptor beta. RUT induced cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 cells. ApoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice treated with RUT for 8 weeks showed ∼68.43, 70.23, and 85.56% less en face lesions for RUT (L), RUT (M), and RUT (H) groups, respectively, compared with the model group. Mouse macrophage-specific antibody and filipin staining indicated that RUT attenuated macrophages and cholesterol accumulations in atherosclerotic lesions, respectively. Additionally, ABCA1 and SR-BI expression was highly induced by RUT in livers of ApoE(-/-) mice. Meanwhile, RUT treatment significantly increased the fecal (3)H-cholesterol excretion, which demonstrated that RUT could promote RCT in vivo. RUT was identified to be a candidate that protected ApoE(-/-) mice from developing atherosclerosis through preferentially promoting activities of ABCA1 and SR-BI within RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ningyu Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yexiang Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ni Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Murui Zhang
- Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310016, China
| | - Bin Hong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Ramírez CM, Lin CS, Abdelmohsen K, Goedeke L, Yoon JH, Madrigal-Matute J, Martin-Ventura JL, Vo DT, Uren PJ, Penalva LO, Gorospe M, Fernández-Hernando C. RNA binding protein HuR regulates the expression of ABCA1. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1066-76. [PMID: 24729624 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 is a major regulator of cellular cholesterol efflux and plasma HDL biogenesis. Even though the transcriptional activation of ABCA1 is well established, the posttranscriptional regulation of ABCA1 expression is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the potential contribution of the RNA binding protein (RBP) human antigen R (HuR) on the posttranscriptional regulation of ABCA1 expression. RNA immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate a direct interaction between HuR and ABCA1 mRNA. We found that HuR binds to the 3' untranslated region of ABCA1 and increases ABCA1 translation, while HuR silencing reduces ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux to ApoA1 in human hepatic (Huh-7) and monocytic (THP-1) cells. Interestingly, cellular cholesterol levels regulate the expression, intracellular localization, and interaction between HuR and ABCA1 mRNA. Finally, we found that HuR expression was significantly increased in macrophages from human atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting an important role for this RBP in controlling macrophage cholesterol metabolism in vivo. In summary, we have identified HuR as a novel posttranscriptional regulator of ABCA1 expression and cellular cholesterol homeostasis, thereby opening new avenues for increasing cholesterol efflux from atherosclerotic foam macrophages and raising circulat-ing HDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Ramírez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Chin Sheng Lin
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jose L Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Dat T Vo
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Philip J Uren
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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33
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Hu YW, Yang JY, Ma X, Chen ZP, Hu YR, Zhao JY, Li SF, Qiu YR, Lu JB, Wang YC, Gao JJ, Sha YH, Zheng L, Wang Q. A lincRNA-DYNLRB2-2/GPR119/GLP-1R/ABCA1-dependent signal transduction pathway is essential for the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:681-97. [PMID: 24493833 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) plays a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we explored the effect of GPR119 on cholesterol metabolism and inflammation in THP-1 macrophages and atherosclerotic plaque progression in apoE(-/-) mice. We found that oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) significantly induced long intervening noncoding RNA (lincRNA)-DYNLRB2-2 expression, resulting in the upregulation of GPR119 and ABCA1 expression through the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signaling pathway. GPR119 significantly decreased cellular cholesterol content and increased apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. In vivo, apoE(-/-) mice were randomly divided into two groups and infected with lentivirus (LV)-Mock or LV-GPR119 for 8 weeks. GPR119-treated mice showed decreased liver lipid content and plasma TG, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, whereas plasma levels of apoA-I were significantly increased. Consistent with this, atherosclerotic lesion development was significantly inhibited by infection of apoE(-/-) mice with LV-GPR119. Our findings clearly indicate that, Ox-LDL significantly induced lincRNA-DYNLRB2-2 expression, which promoted ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and inhibited inflammation through GPR119 in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Moreover, GPR119 decreased lipid and serum inflammatory cytokine levels, decreasing atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice. These suggest that GPR119 may be a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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34
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de Haan W, Bhattacharjee A, Ruddle P, Kang MH, Hayden MR. ABCA1 in adipocytes regulates adipose tissue lipid content, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:516-23. [PMID: 24443560 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m045294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains one of the largest reservoirs of cholesterol in the body. Adipocyte dysfunction in obesity is associated with intracellular cholesterol accumulation, and alterations in cholesterol homeostasis have been shown to alter glucose metabolism in cultured adipocytes. ABCA1 plays a major role in cholesterol efflux, suggesting a role for ABCA1 in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the adipocyte. However, the impact of adipocyte ABCA1 on adipose tissue function and glucose metabolism is unknown. Our aim was to determine the impact of adipocyte ABCA1 on adipocyte lipid metabolism, body weight, and glucose metabolism in vivo. To address this, we used mice lacking ABCA1 specifically in adipocytes (ABCA1(-ad/-ad)). When fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, ABCA1(-ad/-ad) mice showed increased cholesterol and triglyceride stores in adipose tissue, developed enlarged fat pads, and had increased body weight. Associated with these phenotypic changes, we observed significant changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and glucose homeostasis, including ldlr, abcg1, glut-4, adiponectin, and leptin. ABCA1(-ad/-ad) mice also demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance, lower insulin sensitivity, and decreased insulin secretion. We conclude that ABCA1 in adipocytes influences adipocyte lipid metabolism, body weight, and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke de Haan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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35
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Korytowski W, Wawak K, Pabisz P, Schmitt JC, Girotti AW. Macrophage mitochondrial damage from StAR transport of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol: implications for oxidative stress-impaired reverse cholesterol transport. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:65-70. [PMID: 24269887 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
StAR family proteins in vascular macrophages participate in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We hypothesize that under pathophysiological oxidative stress, StARs will transport not only cholesterol to macrophage mitochondria, but also pro-oxidant cholesterol hydroperoxides (7-OOHs), thereby impairing early-stage RCT. Upon stimulation with dibutyryl-cAMP, RAW264.7 macrophages exhibited a strong time-dependent induction of mitochondrial StarD1 and plasma membrane ABCA1, which exports cholesterol. 7α-OOH uptake by stimulated RAW cell mitochondria (like cholesterol uptake) was strongly reduced by StarD1 knockdown, consistent with StarD1 involvement. Upon uptake by mitochondria, 7α-OOH (but not redox-inactive 7α-OH) triggered lipid peroxidation and membrane depolarization while reducing ABCA1 upregulation. These findings provide strong initial support for our hypothesis.
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Key Words
- 1-palmitoyl-2-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- 3β-hydroxycholest-5-ene-7α-hydroperoxide
- 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-inda-cene-3-undecanoic acid
- 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide
- 7α-OH
- 7α-OOH
- ABCA1
- ATP binding cassette transporter A1
- C11-BODIPY
- ChOOH(s)
- Cholesterol hydroperoxide
- JC-1
- MTT
- Macrophage
- Oxidative stress
- PBS
- POPC
- Reverse cholesterol transport
- SUV(s)
- StAR protein
- StarD1
- StarD4
- cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol
- cholesterol hydroperoxide(s)
- db-cAMP
- dibutyryl-cAMP
- phosphate-buffered saline
- small unilamellar vesicle(s)
- type-1 steroidogenic acute regulatory domain protein
- type-4 steroidogenic acute regulatory domain protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Korytowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wawak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Pabisz
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jared C Schmitt
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Maïga SF, Kalopissis AD, Chabert M. Apolipoprotein A-II is a key regulatory factor of HDL metabolism as appears from studies with transgenic animals and clinical outcomes. Biochimie 2014; 96:56-66. [PMID: 24012775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure and metabolism of HDL are linked to their major apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II. HDL metabolism is very dynamic and depends on the constant remodeling by lipases, lipid transfer proteins and receptors. HDL exert several cardioprotective effects, through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory capacities and through the stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport from extrahepatic tissues to the liver for excretion into bile. HDL also serve as plasma reservoir for C and E apolipoproteins, as transport vehicles for a great variety of proteins, and may have more physiological functions than previously recognized. In this review we will develop several aspects of HDL metabolism with emphasis on the structure/function of apo A-I and apo A-II. An important contribution to our understanding of the respective roles of apo A-I and apo A-II comes from studies using transgenic animal models that highlighted the stabilizatory role of apo A-II on HDL through inhibition of their remodeling by lipases. Clinical studies coupled with proteomic analyses revealed the presence of dysfunctional HDL in patients with cardiovascular disease. Beyond HDL cholesterol, a new notion is the functionality of HDL particles. In spite of abundant literature on HDL metabolic properties, a major question remains unanswered: which HDL particle(s) confer(s) protection against cardiovascular risk?
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37
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Fan J, Shimizu Y, Chan J, Wilkinson A, Ito A, Tontonoz P, Dullaghan E, Galea LAM, Pfeifer T, Wellington CL. Hormonal modulators of glial ABCA1 and apoE levels. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3139-50. [PMID: 23999864 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the major lipid carrier in the central nervous system. As apoE plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and also mediates repair pathways after several forms of acute brain injury, modulating the expression, secretion, or function of apoE may provide potential therapeutic approaches for several neurological disorders. Here we show that progesterone and a synthetic progestin, lynestrenol, significantly induce apoE secretion from human CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cells, whereas estrogens and the progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone have negligible effects. Intriguingly, lynestrenol also increases expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cells, primary murine glia, and immortalized murine astrocytes that express human apoE3. The progesterone receptor inhibitor RU486 attenuates the effect of progestins on apoE expression in CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cells but has no effect on ABCA1 expression in all glial cell models tested, suggesting that the progesterone receptor (PR) may participate in apoE but does not affect ABCA1 regulation. These results suggest that selective reproductive steroid hormones have the potential to influence glial lipid homeostasis through liver X receptor-dependent and progesterone receptor-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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38
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Hentschke MR, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, da Costa BEP, Kurlak LO, Williams PJ, Mistry HD. Is the atherosclerotic phenotype of preeclamptic placentas due to altered lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptors? Role of a small-for-gestational-age phenotype. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2658-64. [PMID: 23898049 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m036699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosis of spiral arteries in uteroplacental beds from preeclamptic women resemble those of atherosclerosis, characterized by increased plasma lipids and lipoproteins. We hypothesized that: 1) lipoprotein receptors/transporters in the placenta would be upregulated in preeclampsia, associated with increased maternal and fetal lipoprotein concentrations; and 2) expression of these would be reduced in preeclamptic placentae from women delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Placental biopsies and maternal and umbilical serum samples were taken from 27 normotensive and 24 preeclamptic women. Maternal/umbilical cord serum LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Placental mRNA expression of lipoprotein receptors/transporters were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Protein localization/expression of LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) in the preeclamptic placentae with/without SGA was measured by immunohistochemistry. Placental mRNA expression of all genes except paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 (PDIA2) were observed. No differences for any lipoprotein receptors/transporters were found between groups; however, in the preeclamptic group placental LRP-1 expression was lower in SGA delivering mothers (n = 7; P = 0.036). LRP-1 protein was localized around fetal vessels and Hofbauer cells. This is the first detailed study of maternal/fetal lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptor mRNA expression in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. These findings do not support a role of altered lipid metabolism in preeclampsia, but may be involved in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Hentschke
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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39
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Phillips MC. New insights into the determination of HDL structure by apolipoproteins: Thematic review series: high density lipoprotein structure, function, and metabolism. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:2034-2048. [PMID: 23230082 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r034025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I is the principal protein component of HDL, and because of its conformational adaptability, it can stabilize all HDL subclasses. The amphipathic α-helix is the structural motif that enables apoA-I to achieve this functionality. In the lipid-free state, the helical segments unfold and refold in seconds and are located in the N-terminal two thirds of the molecule where they are loosely packed as a dynamic, four-helix bundle. The C-terminal third of the protein forms an intrinsically disordered domain that mediates initial binding to phospholipid surfaces, which occurs with coupled α-helix formation. The lipid affinity of apoA-I confers detergent-like properties; it can solubilize vesicular phospholipids to create discoidal HDL particles with diameters of approximately 10 nm. Such particles contain a segment of phospholipid bilayer and are stabilized by two apoA-I molecules that are arranged in an anti-parallel, double-belt conformation around the edge of the disc, shielding the hydrophobic phospholipid acyl chains from exposure to water. The apoA-I molecules are in a highly dynamic state, and they stabilize discoidal particles of different sizes by certain segments forming loops that detach reversibly from the particle surface. The flexible apoA-I molecule adapts to the surface of spherical HDL particles by bending and forming a stabilizing trefoil scaffold structure. The above characteristics of apoA-I enable it to partner with ABCA1 in mediating efflux of cellular phospholipid and cholesterol and formation of a heterogeneous population of nascent HDL particles. Novel insights into the structure-function relationships of apoA-I should help reveal mechanisms by which HDL subclass distribution can be manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phillips
- Lipid Research Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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